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Background: Psoriasis vulgaris can be diagnosed clinically. A biopsy is usually used to confirm non-classic cases. The findings of the histopathology feature are not usually present, thus clinical relevance is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Purpose: To describe the histopathology findings from tissue samples of histopathologically confirmed psoriasis vulgaris reported in the Department of Pathology and Anatomy of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Methods: A descriptive-retrospective study of pathology-ascertained tissue samples of histopathologically confirmed psoriasis vulgaris was reported in the Department of Pathology and Anatomy from patients who were also previously diagnosed clinically with psoriasis vulgaris in the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital over a period of 2 years. Morphological parameters were observed after histopathology sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Result: Thirty-three tissue samples were examined. Parakeratosis (86%) and hypogranulosis (70.3%) were the most observed findings. Club-shaped rete ridges, suprapapillary plate thinning, and spongiform pustules of Kogoj were the least observed findings (each by 2.7%). Three tissue samples (8.1%) showed only parakeratosis. Only 1 tissue sample (2.7%) showed 4 features (absence of the granular layer, parakeratosis, microabscess of Munro, and spongiform pustules of Kogoj). No tissue sample showed every histopathology finding of psoriasis vulgaris. Conclusion: All of the histopathology features of psoriasis vulgaris are rarely found in one tissue section. Albeit histopathology is believed to be the gold standard diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris, relevance with clinical findings is still mandatory to support the diagnosis.

Bladder cancer is considered as one of the main drivers of cancer related mortality in adult men. Data from Global Cancer Statistics 2018 (GLOBOCAN) showed that the bladder cancer was included among the Top 10 cancer incidence in worldwide. Meanwhile, metformin, an antidiabetic agent, is believed to be able to impede the varying cancer cells expansion. Many examinations had displayed that metformin interferes via the AMPK/mTOR axis pathway, thereby suppressing tumor growth. AMPK activation can also increase stromal cell survival through p53 activation. Metformin also disrupts the cell cycle by decreasing the cyclin D1 protein in cancer cells. The human cell line 5637 was treated with metformin 15 mM, examined for cyclin D1 and p53 by immunohistochemical staining and assessed for the viability of cancer cells. The Statistic test was utilized to make a comparison of tumor viabilities and other variables. No significant differences were found in the expression of wild type p53 and cyclin D1 but significant differences were observed in the viability between the control and metformin groups. We have proven in our study that the anti-tumor effect of metformin in reducing the viability of urothelial carcinoma tumor cells not only through p53 and cyclin D1.

Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) serves as the host adaptive immune response in breast cancer. TIL has the potential to be an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between stromal TIL and recurrence in locally advanced breast cancer patients. Methods: A cohort retrospective study was conducted using medical records of female breast cancer patients with locally advanced breast cancer. We collected patients' data, including demographic data from the medical record. Stromal TIL was examined following the recommendations of the International TIL Working Group 2014. Results: 75 samples were included with an average age of 49.5±8.4. Ductal carcinoma was the most common type histologically (88.0%). Luminal B Her2-negative was the predominant breast cancer subtype (32.0%). There was a significant association between the breast cancer subtype and disease-free survival (P – 0.014). The optimal cut-off to determine the recurrence of breast cancer was 15%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of TIL to predict the 24-month disease-free survival (DFS) were 80.5%, 82.4%, 84.6%, 77.8%, and 81.3%, respectively. Every 10% increase in TIL percentage could raise the DFS by 5.45 months (p=0.001). Patients with high TIL values had higher survival than those with low TIL values. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the stromal TIL and the recurrence rate. The pre-therapy stromal TIL percentage can be employed as a potential biomarker to predict breast cancer recurrence, particularly in the first two years.

Introduction: The most common infection in cholestatic infants is caused by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The aims were to detect the presentation of HCMV in cholestatic infants and to evaluate the concordance, sensitivity, and specificity between serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of HCMV from liver biopsy and urine specimens. Methodology: A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 35 cholestatic infants with ethical approval. Specimens were liver biopsy, urine, and anti-HCMV serology. Liver and urine specimens were performed to nested PCR, followed by statistical analysis. Results: PCR from the liver biopsy and urine specimen were positive in 74.3% and 85.7%, respectively. There was no concordance between IgM with the liver PCR, but there was a concordance between IgM with the urine PCR and between IgG with the liver and urine PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of IgM with the liver PCR were 46 % and 56%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 49%. While IgG sensitivity was 96% with a diagnostic accuracy of 80%. IgG sensitivity and IgM specificity compared with the urine PCR were 93% and 100%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of more than 60%. Conclusions: It demonstrates a high prevalence of HCMV DNA in urine and liver biopsy from cholestatic infants. HCMV PCR assay is more sensitive and specific than the anti-HCMV IgM, but IgG has high sensitivity and accuracy diagnostic. Therefore, serological examination is an option for diagnosing HCMV infection in cholestatic infants in developing countries with no PCR facilities.

Nikotin, karbonil, TSNA (Tobacco-Spesific Nitrosamine), dan metal adalah beberapa zat yang terkandung dalam asap rokok elektrik. Zat-zat ini dapat menyebabkan hiperplasia, metaplasia, apoptosis sampai nekrosis sel. Penelitian eksperimental post-test only control design ini mengamati perubahan jumlah sel goblet pada mukosa respiratori cavum nasi tikus wistar jantan setelah pemaparan asap rokok elektrik dengan dosis bervariasi. Penelitian menggunakan 40 ekor tikus wistar jantan berusia 2-2,5 bulan dan berat antara 250-300 gram yang terbagi dalam empat kelompok yakni kelompok K- (kontrol negatif) tidak dipapari asap dan tidak dimasukkan ke dalam smoking chamber, kelompok K+ ( kontrol positif) tidak dipapari asap tetapi dimasukkan ke smoking chamber, kelompok P1 diberikan paparan 15 kali/hari dan kelompok P2 diberikan paparan 30 kali/hari. Paparan asap diberikan selama 54 hari. Tikus di euthanasia hari ke-55, dan diambil sampel cavum nasi kemudian diproses menjadi sediaan histopatologi. Analisis menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA untuk menghitung perubahan jumlah sel goblet. Hasil yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisa dengan uji Tukey HSD. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan perbedaan jumlah sel goblet yang bermakna (p0.000 dan 0.004) antara kelompok tikus yang dipapari dengan kelompok yang tidak dipapari asap rokok. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah terjadi penurunan jumlah sel goblet akibat paparan asap rokok elektrik.

In COVID-19 patients, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) will increase, and the production of antigens will be excessive, which will cause excessive inflammation of the tissues, especially the respiratory tract, which causes fibrosis in the lungs and can lead to death.To analyze IL-6 expression of lung tissue in COVID-19 patient severity.The study is an observational analytic design from July to December 2020. COVID-19 patient severity who died was examined for IL-6 expression on lung tissue. The lung tissue sampling uses the core biopsy method.The total number of samples obtained was 38 samples. Characteristics of patients with a mean age of patients were 48 years, male, the most common chief complaint was shortness of breath, mean symptom onset was 5 days, patient length of stay was 10 days, the most common cause of death was a combination of septic shock and ARDS and the most common comorbid diabetes mellitus. There is an increased WBC, neutrophils, platelets, procalcitonin, CRP, BUN, creatinine serum, AST, ALT, and D-dimer. In this study, the average tissue IL-6 expression was 72.63, with the highest frequency of strong positive 47.4%.An increase in IL-6 expression on lung tissue showed the severity of COVID-19 infection.

Malaria is a parasitic infectious disease caused by Plasmodiu m , which remains a world health problem with an estimated 219 million cases worldwide. In severe malaria infection, several organs of the body can be affected, including the kidneys. One of the pathophysiology associated with the worsening of this disease is oxidative stress. The use of antioxidants is expected to prevent this, and one product that has a high antioxidant content is virgin coconut oil (VCO). This study aimed to analyze the effect of VCO on the kidney in P lasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice. This study was an in vivo laboratory experimental study with a randomized post-test only control group design using 35 BALB/c mice infected with P . berghei ANKA, weighing 20-30 grams. VCO with the Javara® brand is used with doses of 1, 5, and 10 ml/kg body weight (kgBW)/ day. The parameter assessed were levels of BUN, creatinine, and renal histopathological changes. The administration of VCO on the treated group shows minimal tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis compared to the negative control group. The BUN and creatinine levels in the treated group were also lower than the negative control group. The results showed that VCO has a nephroprotective effect against P. berghei ANKA infection in mice. Keywords: malaria, kidney, virgin coconut oil

Tumor and its microenvironment can interact each other. Macrophage is part of tumor microenvironment. New drugs targeting specific superficial receptor of macrophage or cytokine of macrophage polarization have been found. Therefore, macrophage phenotype and its ratio of M1/M2 macrophage need to be identified. This identification could lead us to prognose breast cancer and monitor its therapy. Analytical observational study with cross sectional approach, conducted on paraffin block sample of breast carcinoma from Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. The samples divided into four groups based on nodal metastasis staging (N0, N1, N2, and N3) and stained with antibody against CD68 and CD163. The ratio of CD68 and CD163 were analyzed with Anova test. There were difference expression of CD68 as M1 macrophage marker in various axillary node metastasis groups (p=0.015). There were difference ratio of CD68 as M1 macrophage marker and CD163 as M2 macrophage marker in various axillary node metastasis groups (p=0.005). There were difference ratio of macrophage M1 and macrophage M2 between N0 and N3 group, N2 and N3 group also.