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Mining plays an important role in the economic development of a country. But the consequences of the mining can be seen in the form of degradation of soil, water, and native vegetation, which ultimately results in the disturbance of the local ecosystem. The ecological restoration of such disturbed ecosystems involves the reclamation of soil, conservation of water, erosion control, and re-vegetation of native vegetation. This can be achieved by improving the physical properties of soil, enhancing the nutrient status of soil, selecting appropriate plant species for re-vegetation, providing provision of irrigation facilities for re-vegetated mining wasteland, and so on. The present study was conducted in the Kota district of Rajasthan, where stone mining is one of the major industrial activities. The paper provides a scientific assessment of the existing vegetation of limestone mining wastelands through field surveys and physicochemical analysis of soil and water. Loss of natural vegetation and excessive stoniness of the substratum were major hurdles that restrict the easy recovery of vegetation on mining wastelands but there is almost no negative impact on the water quality. The study summarizes the holistic technology including the vegetational approach to the restoration of mining wastelands and puts forward some existing problems and their solutions.

This paper aims to assess the impact of seasonal variation on mycorrhizal association in selected industrial wastelands in the Kota district of Rajasthan. In the study mycorrhizal association was quantified in terms of percentage root colonization and spore density in three different seasons. The study was conducted during 2019-2021 and the data was collected for 3 seasons; summer (March-June), Rainy (July–October), and winter (November-February) to study the response to variable climatic factors to the root colonization and spore density of mycorrhiza. To determine the significance of variations in AMF spore density and percentage root colonization during different seasons, one-way ANOVA was performed. Results showed that in all the sites maximum mean spore density was observed in the summer (March-June) season but in the case of percentage root colonization, the value was found maximum in the humid season (July-October) in the control site whereas, in the three experimental sites, the maximum root colonization was observed in summer season (march-June). Hence, it may be concluded that hot climatic condition is favourable for mycorrhizal spore formation and root colonization was also favoured by hot climate.

The objective of this work was to study species composition and diversity of tree species between two vegetation stands, one is a protected vegetation stand and the other is a non-protected vegetation stand. The tree species composition and community structure were analyzed by field visits in Nanta forest region. Random sampling was done by using a standard size of quadrat i.e., 10x10m2. Results showed that a total of 30 species belonging to 25 genera and 11 families are present in the protected site whereas 8 species belonging to 7 genera and 5 families are present in the unprotected site. Anogeissus pendula (Edgew) and Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) were the most important species in protected and non-protected sites respectively. The Simpson’s index is higher in protected vegetation stands showing greater sample diversity. Family Fabaceae is dominant in both the vegetation stand which shows the ecological importance of this family.

Industries of any country are one of the key determinants of its economic wealth. Industries not only utilize a huge amount of water but also cause soil and water pollution by disposing of untreated industrial effluents in water bodies and agricultural land. The study aimed to test the impact of mustard oil effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of Brassica compestris L. and Oryza sativa L. and to evaluate the scope of industrial effluent as irrigation water. Different parameters like germination percentage, germination index, germination rate, and mean germination time were evaluated with different concentrations of effluent to analyze the impact effluent had on plant growth. The results of the study show that industrial effluents can be used for irrigation only after appropriate dilution, increasing the concentration of effluent in irrigation water can lead to a reduction in macro and micronutrients concentration as well as heavy metal accumulation which results in the inhibition of seed germination. Thus, careful monitoring of the effects of any industrial effluent on any particular crop is a must before its application as the response of crops may vary with single effluent also.

This study was conducted in selected industrial waste dump sites in the Kota district of Rajasthan, India to investigate the impact of various edaphic factors on spore density and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The current research shows that AMF root colonization rates were insignificantly negatively correlated with EC, soil temperature, P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn but significantly positively correlated with soil pH, soil moisture, and insignificantly positively correlated with N and OC (P

Arbascular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ecologically important for most vascular plants because they benefit plant growth and survival. The present study provide the inventory and comparative assessment of AMF diversity in disturbed and undisturbed soil in Kota, Rajasthan and their role in ecological restoration of industrial waste disposal sites and degraded land. Rhizosphere soil samples from four different sites; one natural soil (undisturbed soil) and three industrial waste disposal sites (disturbed sites) were collected, AMF were identified and spore density was calculated. Decrease in overall spore density in industrial waste disposal sites as compared to undisturbed site shows that degraded soil properties have negative impact on mycorrhizal association, whereas increase in spore density of some mycorrhiza species in disturbed sites indicates the possibilities of selection of host plant for revegetation in restoration efforts.

Arbascular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ecologically important for most vascular plants because they benefit plant growth and survival. The present study was conducted with an objective to comparative assessment of AMF diversity in disturbed and undisturbed soil in Kota, Rajasthan, and their role in ecological restoration of industrial waste disposal sites and degraded land. Rhizosphere soil samples from four different sites; one natural soil (undisturbed soil) and three industrial waste disposal sites (disturbed sites) were collected, AMF were identified, and spore density was calculated. Decrease in overall spore density in industrial waste disposal sites as compared to the undisturbed site shows that degraded soil properties have a negative impact on the mycorrhizal association, whereas an increase in spore density of some mycorrhiza species in disturbed sites indicates the possibilities of selection of host plant for revegetation in restoration efforts. The native leguminous plant with high to very high level of VAM colonization can be used in the restoration of degraded lands.

Mycorrhizal symbiosis occurs between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and most of the vascular plants and is a highly evolved mutually beneficial relationship occurring within the rhizosphere of the vascular plants. The host plants are directly conferred benefits to the growth and development due to this symbiotic association. Their function ranges from stress alleviation to bioremediation in polluted soils besides their importance in the restoration of degraded wastelands. In this investigation colonization percentage and spore density of VAM fungi were studied in industrial waste dump sites and soil having natural vegetation. Industrial waste dump sites are characteristically dominated by Glomus. Mycorrhizal association and spore formation potential of AMF was significantly lowered in soil disturbed due to industrial waste dumping.

Octreotide is a octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically. It exerts Inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal secretion and motility thus considered, useful in management of gastrointestinal stula. The half life of octerotide is 113 minutes which allow intermittent (three times daily) subcutaneous dosing schedule for the treatment of stula. The main focus of this review is to know the use of octreotide in management of enterocutaneous stula.

A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of Aloevera, glycerin and cold application on superficial thrombophlebitis among patients admitted in selected private hospitals of Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh, India. The comparative descriptive design was used. Totally 90 samples were taken from the selected hospitals of Bhopal by using the demographic data collection method. The design used in research was pretest and posttest design. The comparative study was results like cold application was more effective as compared with aloevera and glycerin. In association with demographic variables there is a significant difference found between these aloevera, glycerin and cold application. Meanwhile the cold application was more effective while there is no difference between aloevera & glycerin.

Background: In a resource-limited and high burden disease setting, satisfied human resource is an asset in terms of high productivity, efficiency and quality care. Aim: To assess job satisfaction among permanent employees working in a government hospital. Materials and Methods: A sample of 200 staff members was interviewed using 34-item, Likert response based, modified job satisfaction scale. Key factors for job satisfaction were identified after subjecting data to principal component analysis, varimax rotation and multivariate analysis using step-wise regression procedure. Results: The mean job satisfaction index was computed to be in a similar range, but was found to be highest for nurses (0.68), followed by doctors (0.66), support staff (0.63) and technicians (0.62). Nine uncorrelated and critical factors related to job satisfaction that explained 68.09% of the variability was identified, that is, communication, pay/salary, working conditions, organization supervision system, co-workers, workload, benefits, career aspects and rewards. A positive association was reported between job satisfaction score and factor scores (units) of communication (0.133), benefits (0.110), working condition (0.027) and co-workers (0.032) and a negative relation with organizational supervision system (0.118), workload (0.093), rewards (0.035), pay/salary (0.034) and career prospects (0.017) respectively for all categories of respondents. However in case of doctors, co-workers (0.023 units) showed a negative relation. Conclusion: There is scope for interventions to enhance job satisfaction and concomitant continuous monitoring can be useful in determining various service aspects that necessitate improvement. By enhancing job satisfaction, hospital administrator can improve not only the mental, psychological and social well-being of work-force, but also the financial health of an organization.

Aims: To assess the level and factors of motivation amongst permanent government employees working in a tertiary health care institution. Material and Methods: A sample of 200 health personnel (50 in each category) i.e. doctors, nurses, technician, and support staff were contacted through face to face interview. Motivation was measured as the degree to which an individual possessed various identified motivation domains like Drive, Control, Challenge, Relationship and Rewards. Each domain was represented by 4 dimensions- accordingly a closed-ended statement represented each of these dimensions and responses were assessed on a Likert based scale. Data management was done using SPSS, ver. 19. Results: The average age for different health personnel were: Doctors 48.68 (±8.53), nurses 40.72 (±7.76), technician 38.4 (±10.65) and support staff 43.24 (±9.52) years. The average year of work experience was: Doctor 19.09 (±9.77), nurses 17.2 (±8.420), technician 14.84 (±10.45), support staff 18.24 (±10.28). A comparison of overall motivation index (mean score) revealed that nurse had highest level (3.47), followed by support staff (3.46), doctor (3.45) and technician (3.43). Based on their individual mean scores, the healthcare providers were categorised into three different levels of motivation and it was found that majority of the health personnel i.e.70% of support staff, 62% nurse, 56% doctor and technician, had high to very high level of motivation index. The mean scores for all the five factors as well as their respective ranks were also found out and it was deduced that "relationship" assumed first rank for doctors (mean score: 3.71) and technician (mean score: 3.75), whereas "control" assumed greatest significance for nurses (mean score, 3.62) and support staff (mean scores, 3.61). Based upon the mean scores, "reward" assumed third rank among all the four categories. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to test if the different categories of health personnel varied with respect to five factors of motivation and it was found that their orientation towards the various motivational components differed significantly only with respect to Drive (P < 0.01). Conclusion: There is scope for enhancing staff motivation.