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Background: Hamstring tendon grafts are the most common choice for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Previous studies have provided evidence that offers conflicting opinions concerning the most favorable graft choice. Purpose: To identify whether the use of a quadrupled semitendinosus tendon (ST) or doubled semitendinosus tendon and gracilis tendon (ST/G) graft provides comparable anterior tibial translation (ATT) with similar functional results and similar donor site morbidity. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: This was a prospective, patient- and surgeon-blinded, randomized trial set in a busy orthopaedic and traumatology department at a university hospital. Between 2015 and 2017, a total of 162 patients with ACL lesions were randomized to undergo ACLR with either a quadrupled ST or doubled ST/G graft. The primary endpoint was ATT assessed with the KT-1000 arthrometer. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of the visual analog scale (VAS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective evaluation form, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Tegner activity scale, and Lysholm knee scoring scale. Results: Preoperative demographic data, ATT, and PROM scores showed no significant differences. At 4.5 years, no significant differences were found between the ST and ST/G groups with respect to PROM scores and KT-1000 arthrometer, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test findings. Differences in functional results between groups were significant (muscle strength). Subgroup analysis revealed significantly increased ATT in female patients undergoing ACLR with a quadrupled ST graft during the 4.5-year observation period, as assessed by the KT-1000 arthrometer, as well as inferior KOOS, IKDC, Lysholm, and VAS scores. Conclusion: This study showed a significant increase in ATT as well as inferior results on PROMs during a 4.5-year observation period in female patients undergoing ACLR with a quadrupled ST graft. In male patients, the study provided evidence of the noninferiority of ACLR with an ST graft, with no influence on donor site morbidity. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03626883

Telomerase activity has been found in the somatic tissues of rainbow trout. The enzyme is essential for maintaining telomere length but also assures homeostasis of the fish organs, playing an important role during tissue regeneration. The unique morphological and physiological characteristics of triploid rainbow trout, when compared to diploid specimens, make them a promising model for studies concerning telomerase activity. Thus, in this study, we examined the expression of the Tert gene in various organs of subadult and adult diploid and triploid rainbow trout females. Upregulated Tert mRNA transcription was observed in all the examined somatic tissues sampled from the triploid fish when compared to diploid individuals. Contrastingly, Tert expression in the ovaries was significantly decreased in the triploid specimens. Within the diploids, the highest expression of Tert was observed in the liver and in the ovaries of the subadult individuals. In the triploids, Tert expression was increased in the somatic tissues, while the ovaries exhibited lower activity of telomerase compared to other organs and decreased compared to the ovaries in the diploids. The ovaries of triploid individuals were underdeveloped, consisting of only a few oocytes. The lack of germ cells, which are usually characterized by high Tert expression, might be responsible for the decrease in telomerase activity in the triploid ovaries. The increase in Tert expression in triploid somatic tissues suggests that they require higher telomerase activity to cope with environmental stress and maintain internal homeostasis.

Artykuł dotyczy relacji między chłopami a dziedzicami w okresie między wydaniem dekretu grudniowego (1807) a ogłoszeniem ukazu czerwcowego (1846). Konstytucja Księstwa Warszawskiego przyznała chłopom wolność osobistą i zapowiedziała wprowadzenie zrywającego z feudalizmem napoleońskiego kodeksu cywilnego, ale wydany wkrótce po niej dekret grudniowy przesądził, że za właścicieli gospodarstw chłopskich w nowym kapitalistycznym rozumieniu należy co do zasady uznawać dziedziców, a nie chłopów. Z kolei wydany w 1846 r. tzw. ukaz czerwcowy istotnie ograniczał możliwość rugowania chłopów przez właścicieli ziemskich, przywracając w odniesieniu do gospodarstw obejmujących co najmniej trzy morgi gruntu stan prawny, który można określić mianem własności podzielonej. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jakim stopniu Kodeks Napoleona wpłynął na kształt stosunków między dworami a chłopami. Drobiazgowa analiza pięciu zawartych w tym okresie umów znajdujących się obecnie w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Łodzi sugeruje, że nowoczesne francuskie prawo w bardzo niewielkim stopniu oddziaływało na stosunki własnościowe na polskiej wsi. Mocą zawieranych umów tworzono prawa rzeczowe, które można określić mianem własności podzielonej – mimo że instytucja ta została pominięta przez twórców Kodeksu Napoleona.

Background: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease and is typically caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins that regulate cardiac contractility. HCM manifestations include left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, arrythmias, and sudden cardiac death. How dysregulated sarcomeric force production is sensed and leads to pathological remodeling remains poorly understood in HCM, thereby inhibiting the efficient development of new therapeutics. Methods: Our discovery was based on insights from a severe phenotype of an individual with HCM and a second genetic alteration in a sarcomeric mechanosensing protein. We derived cardiomyocytes from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells and developed robust engineered heart tissues by seeding induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes into a laser-cut scaffold possessing native cardiac fiber alignment to study human cardiac mechanobiology at both the cellular and tissue levels. Coupled with computational modeling for muscle contraction and rescue of disease phenotype by gene editing and pharmacological interventions, we have identified a new mechanotransduction pathway in HCM, shown to be essential in modulating the phenotypic expression of HCM in 5 families bearing distinct sarcomeric mutations. Results: Enhanced actomyosin crossbridge formation caused by sarcomeric mutations in cardiac myosin heavy chain ( MYH7 ) led to increased force generation, which, when coupled with slower twitch relaxation, destabilized the MLP (muscle LIM protein) stretch-sensing complex at the Z-disc. Subsequent reduction in the sarcomeric muscle LIM protein level caused disinhibition of calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T-cells signaling, which promoted cardiac hypertrophy. We demonstrate that the common muscle LIM protein–W4R variant is an important modifier, exacerbating the phenotypic expression of HCM, but alone may not be a disease-causing mutation. By mitigating enhanced actomyosin crossbridge formation through either genetic or pharmacological means, we alleviated stress at the Z-disc, preventing the development of hypertrophy associated with sarcomeric mutations. Conclusions: Our studies have uncovered a novel biomechanical mechanism through which dysregulated sarcomeric force production is sensed and leads to pathological signaling, remodeling, and hypertrophic responses. Together, these establish the foundation for developing innovative mechanism-based treatments for HCM that stabilize the Z-disc MLP-mechanosensory complex.

This article presents a new methodology to disaggregate the energy demand for space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) production from single hourly smart heat meters installed in Denmark. The new approach is idealized to be easily applied to several building typologies without the necessity of in-depth knowledge regarding the dwellings and their occupants. This paper introduces, tests, and compares several algorithms to separate and estimate the SH and DHW demand. To validate the presented methodology, a dataset of 28 Danish apartments with detailed energy monitoring (separated SH and DHW usage) is used. The comparison shows that the best method to identify energy demand data points corresponding to DHW production events is the so-called “maximum peaks” approach. Furthermore, the best algorithm to estimate the SH and DHW separately is a combination of two methods: the Kalman filter and the Support Vector Regression (SVR). This new methodology outperforms the current Danish compliances typically used to estimate the annual DHW usage in residential buildings.

People’s opinions on immunization are diverse. Despite the constant improvement of vaccine formulas, the number of people reluctant to immunize is not decreasing. The purpose of our study is to assess the psychological determinants of immunization reluctance in depth. We measured levels of anxiety (death-related and general), fear of COVID-19, self-esteem and resilience among 342 adults. We found that the level of COVID-19 related fear is higher among the vaccinated population, despite general anxiety levels being lower. Surprisingly we didn’t find significant differences in resilience and self-esteem levels. Findings are concurrent with previous research—COVID-19 related fear level is higher among vaccinated people. Resilience and self-esteem are defined as stable, trait-like constructs, and thus may not manifest higher levels in very specific pandemic situations, although they may lower the levels of general anxiety.

The data presented were collected from 34884 commercial smart heat meters and 10765 commercial smart water meters with a span of up to 5 years (2018 - 2022), all located in buildings within the Aalborg Municipality. In addition, building characteristics from the Danish Building and Dwelling Register (BBR) and Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) input data were collected for each building, resulting in up to 86 different characteristics per building. All smart meter data was processed using an established method to obtain equidistant data without erroneous values. The building characteristics derived from the EPCs were filtered based on rule sets to increase the quality of the data. All data can be linked. It is expected that researchers in the built environment, district heating and water sectors will find such a dataset of great value.

The aim of this technical report is to describe the use of SQL databases and provide a simple entry point for people with little to no experience to store data using Python and SQL databases. This report is aimed at employees of Aalborg University, Department of the Built Environment (https://www.en.build.aau.dk/).

A Project of Changes to Civil Procedure in the Works of the Civil Reform Committee (1814–1815). A Source Edition – Part 2 (Enforcement Proceedings) The present source publication is the sixth in a series encompassing the most important documents related to preparations for the replacement of French codes with national codification drafted by the Civil Reform Committee which worked between 1814 and 1815. The publication includes the second part of “The project of the civil judicial procedure in first instance”, which is comprised of enforcement proceedings presented just like the first part (the trial) by Franciszek Grabowski, and the fragments of the minutes reporting the course of the discussion concerning the solutions proposed within the project.

Purpose: The article aims to verify the common claim about the location of coastal regions and related historical conditions as a factor bringing above-average socio-economic benefits. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analyses in the paper are based on data from Eurostat and European Commission reports. They take into account the state of knowledge of urbanisation processes in Europe and their historical background. Data analysis and synthesis methods were used. Findings: The article brings confirmation of the thesis made on the basis of basic development indicators, as well as comparative data on the elements of the settlement network structure of selected European countries. The regularities observed reveal the role and position of coastal cities, their importance for building the potential of individual countries in relation to the coast and the sea, but also the specificity depending on the size of the country or its location on the continent. Practical implications: regions will be identified, and therefore countries, for which the potential threat of climate change and its consequences, in confrontation with the socio-economic potential of the location indicated in the title, may result in the greatest difficulties and the need to remodel the settlement structure. Originality/value: The concept of coastal cities as a separate object of study is rarely present in the source literature. In addition, the authors seek to introduce the development of research and analysis of basic indicators based on a developed perception of coastal regions including so-called low-lying coastal regions. This will form the basis for further extended research into these areas. In addition, an analysis of the demographic and economic consequences was also carried out in the light of the potential risks in these areas and the feasibility of their functioning in the form known to date. This provides some methodological structuring that can serve as a starting point for verification based on further and more recent data, as well as an in-depth analysis of the links between urbanisation, development in coastal areas and the risks posed by climate change.

PURPOSE: The article deals with the issue of changes that take place in the habits of car users and in the automotive market in terms of introducing electromobility solutions. Basic documents show the necessity and possibility of developing electromobility in Europe and Poland. It indicates the harmfulness of the current transport model. The author paid special attention to the study of automotive preferences among the inhabitants of Polish cities., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The survey was carried out using the CAWI and direct survey method on a sample of over 200 residents from the ten most populated Polish cities., CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that choosing an electric car in the near future will become as common as petrol one. At the same time, the lack of sufficient infrastructure, especially public availability is clearly indicated., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The availability of charging points and the level of household income should be indicated as key for the development of electromobility. Consumers' attitudes related to experiences and concerns about new products are also not without significance., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: An attempt to identify the current mood towards electromobility, as well as practical obstacles in the purchase and operation of this type of vehicle., peer-reviewed

The risk of contracting COVID-19 was a very specific situation of uncertainty and ambi-guity, and of course, cognitively interesting for psychologists studying the determinants of behaviors of different personality types. In this study, we set our sights on trying to find a correlation between adherence to wearing masks and receiving vaccinations and having certain character traits that we thought might influence preventive behavior or not. We focused on the Dark Triad—psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism—as well as social approval and the need for cognition closure, as these traits have previously been linked to heightened conspiracy mentalities. We recruited 159 subjects in the experiment, including 53 male and 106 female participants over the age of 18 to take part in an online survey investigating personality and COVID-19 information. The results confirmed our hypothesis that age, empathy, the need for social approval and other psychological traits are the factors that differentiates people who wear face masks from those who do not. However, it seems impossible to define one set of features that would predispose people to not wear face masks. In our study, the importance of psychological features differed depending on the category of public places. We discuss possible implications of these findings and provide direction for future research.

Background: Very few scientific studies have simultaneously evaluated changes in well-being (WB), physical activity (PA), and strength endurance (SE) based on results from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess WB, PA, and SE levels, as well as body composition parameters in university students before and during the pandemic. Methods: The study included 30 males and 30 females (mean age: 21.7 ± 2.51 and 21.6 ± 2.34 years, respectively). Well-being using the Self-Perception Questionnaire (POMS), PA from the Polish regular version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), body composition parameters using the InBody 270 analyzer, and SE based on the results of a 12 min test involving a Concept 2PM-5 rowing ergometer were assessed before and during the pandemic. Results: An assessment of university students’ WB revealed a significant increase in variables such as tension, depression, anger, confusion, and a significant decline in vigor (p < 0.05). In both sexes, PA and SE decreased significantly—from 2115.4 to 1822.8 METs-min/week and from 2184.5 to 2035 m, respectively, in males, and from 1793.5 to 1699.8 METs-min/week and from 2021.5 to 1943.8 m, respectively, in females. At the same time, body mass and BMI values increased significantly (p < 0.001) in both females and males. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant decrease in WB, PA and SE levels in young females and males, and led to a significant increase in their body mass and BMI.

I en lang periode har energiforbruget til varmt brugsvand (VBV) i andre bygninger end boliger, været negligeret. Efterhånden som energiforbruget til rumopvarmning, ventilation og belysning er blevet reduceret gennem årene, er energiandelen til produktion af VBV steget. Med dagens fokus på energieffektive bygninger må VBV-systemer ikke blive efterladt i forhold til de andre områder for at opnå en holistisk tilgang til energieffektive bygninger. For at udvikle mere energieffektive VBV-systemer til andre bygninger end boliger er der behov for mere viden om tappevarigheder, vandstrømme og vandtemperaturer fra forskellige tappetyper. I denne artikel præsenteres højfrekvente måleresultater i to danske kontor- og uddannelsesbygninger, som viser, at tre VBV-systemer kun udnytter mellem 3,4 og 7,5 % af den samlede energi, der anvendes til VBV-produktion. Over 85 % af det samlede energiforbrug går tabt fra cirkulationskredsløbet for at sikre en høj varmtvandstemperatur ved tappestedet. Temperaturmålinger ved tappestederne viser imidlertid, at en betydelig del af varmen går tabt fra rør, der ikke er omfattet af cirkulationen. En af grundene hertil er, at ca. 50 % af tiden, er tappetiden under 10 sekunder ved håndvaske og køkkenvaske. En anden årsag er, at de aktuelle maksimale vandstrømme ligger langt fra det beregnede design vandstrøm. Højfrekvente målinger ved flere tappesteder giver vigtig viden om brugsprofiler for håndvaske, køkkenvaske og rengøringsvaske i andre bygninger end boliger. Denne viden kan bidrage til at udvikle energieffektive VBV-systemer og nye typer af VBV-produktion. For a long period, the energy use for domestic hot water (DHW) in non-residential buildings has been neglected. As energy use for space heating, ventilation, and lightning has been reduced through the years, the energy share for DHW production has increased. With today's focus on energy efficient buildings, the DHW systems must not be left behind the other fields to obtain a holistic approach to energy efficient buildings. To develop more energy efficient DHW systems for non-residential buildings, more knowledge is needed regarding draw-off durations, flow rates, and water temperatures from different draw-off types. This paper presents high frequency measurement results in two Danish office and educational buildings, which show that three DHW systems only utilize between 3.4 and 7.5 % of the total energy used for DHW production. Above 85 % of the total energy use is lost from the recirculation circuit to secure a high hot water temperature at the draw-off point. However, temperature measurements at the draw-off points show that a significant share of the heat is lost from pipes not covered by recirculation. One reason is draw-off durations are approximately 50 % of the time below 10 s at washbasins and kitchen sinks. Another reason is actual maximum flow rates are far from the calculated design flow. The high frequency measurements at multiple draw-off points give essential knowledge of use patterns for washbasins, kitchen sinks, and service sinks in non-residential buildings. This knowledge can contribute to developing energy efficient DHW systems and new types of DHW production.

Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) is becoming a standard for new and renovated buildings throughout the European Union (EU). Through the ongoing implementation of directives related to energy efficiency and NZEB-compliant buildings, the EU commission has established that new and renovated NZEB-compliant buildings shall be implemented cost-effectively. This is assessed by linking the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and energy demand calculations, representing them in a cost-optimality plot, and finding the optimal solution from the resulting Pareto front. Given that the results of an LCC calculation are quite dependent on the calculation model’s scope and inputs, this study takes an explorative approach to determine the most influential parameters in LCC calculations for a pre-selected cost-effective package. This is achieved by varying the inputs using local and global variation methods. The local variation approach consists of varying the inputs one-at-a-time (OAT), whereas with global variation, all the selected inputs are variated simultaneously. The OAT approach identified the amount and unit cost of the utility supply (district heating, electricity, and gas) as the most influential parameters to the output. The OAT results were further used to rank the next five most sensitive parameters and perform a global sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. A regression analysis of the MC results revealed high R2 values (≥0.98), suggesting a linear correlation between the output and the variable inputs. The sensitivity analysis determined the unit price of attic insulation, the gas price, and the lifetime of the Heat Pump (HP) as the most sensitive parameters in the three investigated models.

Der er kun få data om målinger af brugsvand i bygninger, der ikke er beboelsesejendomme. Der er behov for mere data for især at beskrive ikke-boligbyggeriers behov for varmt brugsvand (VBV) og udforme effektive varmtvandssystemer. Denne DCE Technical Report har til formål at præsentere og beskrive datasættet: "Datasæt - Brugsvand i CREATE og TMV23". Dette datasæt indeholder målinger fra to kontor- og uddannelsesbygninger i Aalborg, Danmark. Målingerne i bygningen CREATE er udført fra oktober 2018 til januar 2019 og i bygningen TMV23 fra april 2021 til maj 2021. Datasættet består af vand volumenstrøm og temperaturer for det kolde brugsvand, VBV, fjernvarme til VBV produktion og VBV cirkulation. Measurement data of domestic water in non-residential buildings is sparse. More data is needed to describe the non-residential buildings’ domestic hot water (DHW) demand and to be able to design more efficient DHW systems. This DCE Technical Report aims to present and describe the data set: “Data set - Domestic water at CREATE and TMV23”. This data set contains measurement data from two office and educational buildings in Aalborg, Denmark. The measurements in the building CREATE are conducted from October 2018 to January 2019 and in the building TMV23 from April 2021 to May 2021. The data set consists of water flow rates and temperatures for the domestic cold water, domestic hot water, district heating for DHW production, and DHW circulation circuit.

Measurement data of domestic water in non-residential buildings is sparse. More data is needed to describe the non-residential buildings’ domestic hot water (DHW) demand and to be able to design more efficient DHW systems. This DCE Technical Report aims to present and describe the data set: “Data set - Domestic water at CREATE and TMV23”. This data set contains measurement data from two office and educational buildings in Aalborg, Denmark. The measurements in the building CREATE are conducted from October 2018 to January 2019 and in the building TMV23 from April 2021 to May 2021. The data set consists of water flow rates and temperatures for the domestic cold water, domestic hot water, district heating for DHW production, and DHW circulation circuit.

Okres Księstwa Warszawskiego miał charakter przejściowy, jeśli chodzi o relacje pomiędzy ziemiaństwem a chłopstwem. Narzucone kapitalistyczne francuskie prawo cywilne zupełnie nie współgrało z na poły feudalnymi realiami polskiej wsi. Napoleon w artykułem 4 konstytucji zniósł poddaństwo. Niedługo później Fryderyk August wydał dekret grudniowy, którego znaczenie i skutki – mimo bogatej literatury przedmiotu – do dnia dzisiejszego są niezmiernie trudne do określenia. W czasach Polski Ludowej, w okresie wzmożonych badań nad wyzyskiem chłopów i oporem wsi czasów feudalnych i burżuazyjnych, twierdzono, że dekret oznaczał zniesienie własności podzielonej w odniesieniu do gospodarstw chłopskich i wyzucie włościan z ich praw. Te kategoryczne twierdzenia formułowano z reguły bez uwzględnienia źródeł o proweniencji sądowej, a te ostatnie zdają się sugerować, że rzeczywistość była o wiele bardziej skomplikowana. W artykule omówiono spory, które chłopi z Cieni i Michałowa toczyli z posesorami tych wsi przed Trybunałem Cywilnym Pierwszej Instancji w Kaliszu. Charakterystyczne, że w świadomości chłopów, ale i opinii sędziów, dekret grudniowy nie przekreślił bynajmniej wzajemnych uprawnień i obowiązków ziemian i gromad chłopskich, których źródłem były zwyczaje oraz wystawiane przez stulecia różnego rodzaju dokumenty.

A Project of Changes to Civil Procedure in the Works of the Civil Reform Committee (1814–1815). A Source Edition – Part 1 (Trial) The present source publication is the fifth in a series encompassing the most important documents related to preparations for the replacement of French codes with national codification written by the Civil Reform Committee which worked between 1814 and 1815. Herein are contained the minutes of the sessions held by the Committee which concern a key debate among its members who argued as to whether to derogate the French Code of Civil Procedure in its entirety or only in fragments which were considered to be the most burdensome in Polish realities. Moreover, the publication also includes the first part of “The project of the civil judicial procedure in first instance”(primary procedure) presented by Franciszek Grabowski, a preeminent traditionalist in the Committee, along with fragments of the minutes reporting the course of the discussion concerning the project. Together with the second part of the proposition submitted by Grabowski encompassing enforcement proceedings, a counterproject of the code of civil procedure by progressive judge Antoni Bieńkowski, as well as a debate over these two proposals, which are to be published in the next issues of “Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa”, the materials presented below portray the crux of the debate held over the Code de procedure civile of 1806, which aroused much controversy, and which was in fact the most criticized part of the French legislation in force in Polish territories.

Artykuł dotyczy ograniczenia uprawnień duchownych katolickich w pracach kodyfikacyjnych w Królestwie Kongresowym. Zgodnie z prawem kanonicznym, które w znacznym zakresie było respektowane przez sądy Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, zakonnicy i zakonnice mieli poważnie ograniczone uprawnienia w zakresie prawa spadkowego (co do możliwości spadkobrania czy sporządzenia testamentu). Wob ec w pełni wyznaniowego charakteru prawa małżeńskiego osoby zobowiązane do celibatu nie mogły też rzecz jasna zawrzeć małżeństwa. Reguły te pozostały w znacznym stopniu w mocy po zaprowadzeniu na dawne ziemie koronne praw pruskich i austro-galicyjskich. Z kolei Kodeks Napoleona, któremu nadano moc obowiązującą w Księstwie Warszawskim, nie znał ograniczeń duchownych ani w zakresie prawa spadkowego, ani co do możliwości zawierania małżeństw. Po przejęciu kontroli nad centralnymi ziemiami polskimi przez Aleksandra I oczywistą była potrzeba reformy prawa cywilnego. Jej zakres i zasady jednak budziły kontrowersje. Poza dyskusją pozostawało wyłączenie możliwości zawierania małżeństw przez duchownych katolickich, lecz zakres ewentualnego ograniczenia zdolności prawnej oraz zdolności do czynności prawnych zakonników i zakonnic był przedmiotem sporów. Tarcia w powołanej po obradach Sejmu w 1820 r. deputacji prawodawczej były tak wielkie, że konieczne okazało się rozstrzygnięcie tej kwestii przez samego cara. Opinia monarchy wychyliła się wówczas w stronę klerykalną, czego skutkiem było ograniczenie praw cywilnych zakonników i zakonnic przez art. 10 Kodeksu Cywilnego Królestwa Polskiego. Pełniejszy niż dotychczas opis tych kontrowersji był możliwy dzięki uwzględnieniu niewykorzystywanych dotychczas przez polskich badaczy materiałów przechowywanych w jednym z moskiewskich archiwów. The article focuses on the limitations of the legal capacity of the clergy in the codification work during the era of the Congress Kingdom of Poland. According to canon law, which was largely respected by the courts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the rights of monks and nuns were severely limited in matters related to succession (in particular, as far as inheritance or wills are concerned). Moreover, in light of the fully religious nature of marriage law, persons obliged to celibacy could not, as a matter of course, enter into a marital relationship. Austrian and Prussian lawmakers respected many of the ecclesiastical rules which regulated the status of the clergy. On the oth er hand, the Napoleonic Code did not place any limitations on the clergy in the realm of inheritance or marriage law. In 1807, the Duchy of Warsaw was established from the Polish lands seized by Prussia, where Landrecht of 1794 was in force. In 1809, some lands occupied by Austria were incorporated into the Duchy of Warsaw. The civil code of Western Galicia (a precursor of Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) was binding within these territories. Soon afterwards, the Napoleonic Code was introduced into both parts of the Duchy. During the Congress of Vienna it was decided that a major part of the Duchy would be transformed into the Kingdom of Poland under Russian control. It was obvious that Emperor Alexander I would reform the secular Napoleonic law of the Kingdom of Poland. While the prohibition of concluding marriages by the Catholic clergy was not questioned, the scope of potential limitations of the legal capacity of monks and nuns was the subject of much debate. The members of the Codification Commission could not come to an agreement whether to change or preserve the French regulations. Finally, Alexander I ordered to introduce them into the Civil Code of the Kingdom of Poland. The article gives a fresh view on the debate, as it is based on the analysis of recently discovered materials from one of the Moscow archives.

Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) hybridize and their offspring is viable and fertile. This may be a real treat for the native European stocks of Arctic char which gene pools might be unintendedly contaminated with the genetic elements of brook trout. On the other hand, hybrids of these two species are appreciated by customers and have some potential for the aquaculture. Moreover, Salvelinus hybrids and backcross individuals are interesting models in the research focused on influence of hybridization on the genomic organization and chromosome rearrangements. Thus, the main goal of the present study was to examine chromosomes of Arctic char × brook trout F1, F2 hybrids and backcross individuals and compare with genomic information concerning parental species to recognize karyotypic changes provoked by the hybridization events. Application of conventional and molecular (FISH) techniques allow to identify characteristic chromosomes for both parental species in the hybrid progeny and show multiplicity of cytotypes among different types of crosses with variability in structure and number of chromosome (81–85) and chromosome arm (99–101). Chromosome fragment was detected in the karyotype of one F1 and one backcross individual and the presence of one triploid (3n) fish was documented. Occurrence of chromosomes containing internally located telomeric sequences (ITS) inherited after brook trout or both parental species was shown in F1 and backcross progeny. Moreover, additional CMA3-positive signal on chromosome from Arctic char pair no. 2 in F1 fish and interstitially located active NOR visible on subtelo-acrocentric (F2 hybrid) and acrocentric (Sf × H individual) chromosomes were detected. Described polymorphic chromosomes together with specific, interstitial location of CMA3-positive found in F2 and Sf × H hybrids and DAPI-positive regions observed in H × Sa fish at different uniarmed chromosomes pair presumably are remnants of chromosomal rearrangements. Provided results strongly indicate that the hybridization process influenced the genome organization in the Salvelinus hybrid progeny.

Introduction and aim Latarjet remains one of the most efficient stabilisation procedures in anterior shoulder instability. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and radiological parameters after arthroscopic Latarjet. Material and methods Between 2011–2016 an arthroscopic Latarjet stabilisation was performed in 104 patients, who were controlled with clinical examination, X-ray and CT-scans at a minimum follow up of 13 months. Results 101 shoulders (97.1%) were available for clinical evaluation. The mean follow-up was 23.8 months (13 to 50). 96 shoulders (95%) had CT scan evaluation. Patients satisfaction was evaluated as 92%, SSV 88%, Walch-Duplay and Rowe scores respecitvely 77 and 80 points. The mean external rotation loss was 17° with no further motion deficits. Recurrence was reported in 4 (4%) patients. 2 out of 4 cases of recurrence had intraoperative complications (correlation in M-L Chi2 test p = 0.0107). Revision surgery was performed in 10 patients (9.8%). CT evaluation showed 95.8% of graft fusion rate, 1 case (1%) of total graft osteolysis, 2 cases (2.1%) of graft pseudoarthrosis and 2 cases (2.1%) of graft fracture. Conclusions The arthroscopic Latarjet demonstrates satisfactory results in short term follow-up. Some factors influencing the outcome are: intraoperative graft related complications (correlated strongly with recurrence), subjective return to sport anxiety and loss of external rotation (correlated with worsened clinical outcome).

This study analysed carcass features and the chemical composition of semimembranosus (SM) and longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscles from farmed-raised fallow deer (Dama dama L.) bucks (n = 8). Mineral contents and fatty acid composition were also determined in the muscles and the fulfilment of the demand for minerals was calculated for adults. Dressing percentage was 55.2%, whereas the proportions of round, shoulder and loin were 38.4%, 15.5% and 14.4%, respectively. The highest content of meat tissue was found in round, followed by loin. There were no differences in moisture, fat, protein or ash contents between SM and LTL muscles, however differences in mineral contents and fatty acid composition were noted and affected the concentration of nutrients. Meat from farmed-raised fallow deer is a good source of iron and copper in the human diet and may be recommended as a part of a healthy diet.

In canine and feline populations, the number of neoplasm cases continues to increase around the world. Attempts are being made in centres of research to identify new biomarkers that speed up and improve the quality of oncological diagnostics and therapy in human and animal tumour patients. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a promising biomarker with increasing relevance to human oncology, but as yet with less application in veterinary oncology. The expression of COX-2 increases significantly during pathological processes involving inflammation, pain or fever. It is also overexpressed in humans presenting various types of tumours and in selected types of tumours in animals, particularly in dogs. This article discusses the expression of COX-2 in canine and feline tumours, the importance of COX-2 as a biomarker with diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic and predictive relevance in oncology, and the clinical significance of inhibiting COX-2 overexpression in tumours.

PurposeThe effect of open release of a post-traumatic elbow contracture on the stability of the joint has not been so far studied in vivo. Resection of elbow joint capsule, the key element of surgery, was reported to have no effect on the stability of cadaveric elbows. The joint capsule is yet known to participate in maintaining elbow stability as one of secondary stabilizers.MethodsWe assessed elbow joint laxity in 39 patients who underwent an open contracture release via the ‘column procedure’ described by B. Morrey and P. Mansat within the preceeding three to nine months. The measurements were taken with an apparatus designed particularly for this experiment according to the predetermined protocol. A preliminary part of the experiment showed that there was no significant difference between laxity of two elbow joints in healthy volunteers. Laxity of the operated elbows could be then compared with the contralateral joints.ResultsMean absolute difference of laxity between healthy and operated elbows was 1.55° (0.1°–4.1°, SD = 1.1) being significantly lower than 2°,p = 0.0056. The difference of the joint laxity between the operated and healthy elbows did not differ statistically significantly by more than 0.6° from the difference of the laxity of two healthy elbows and, therefore, is not clinically noticeable.ConclusionsOur experiment confirmed that the ‘column procedure’ is a safe procedure which does not compromise the stability of the elbow joint.

The Plan for the New Civil Code and the project for the establishment of the Codification Commission prepared for the Civil Reform Committee (1814–1815). Historical Source Edition As part of the source publication series begun in the second fascicle of the twelfth volume of Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa [Krakow Studies in History of State and Law], we are publishing this time documents related to the preparation of the Civil Reform Committee, which operated in 1814–1815, to develop a new national civil code to replace the Napoleonic Code: 1. Wstęp przy wprowadzeniu planu do kodeksu cywilnego [Introduction to the Plan of Implementation of the Civil Code], 2. Plan Bieńkowskiego do nowego kodeksu cywilnego [Bieńkowski’s Plan for the New Civil Code], 3. Projekt Linowskiego do uformowania komisji mającej wygotowaćKsięgęprawa cywilnego i procedury [Linowski’s Plan for Forming a Commission to Prepare a Book of Civil Law and Procedure] and fragments of minutes of the Civil Reform Committee sessions regarding this draft. Source material on matrimonial law published in two last issues of the „Krakow Studies”in 2019 differed from the documents published in this fascicle because they were intended to serve only a partial reform of the Napoleonic Code envisaged for a temporary period, until a new civil code was developed. Antoni Bieńkowski presented his Plan for Implementation of the Civil Code at the session held on 20th November, 1814, less than a month after presenting the drafts of matrimonial law to the Civil Reform Committee (23rd October). The introductory part of the Plan presents the general assumptions regarding the works. They are followed by a list of the planned chapters and a justification of the adopted order. The actual Plan itself (second document) lists the same titles of chapters, along with the issues that should be regulated in a given place, and then it indicates where the models to follow could be sought. The debate related to the presentation of Bieńkowski’s Plan and the scope of activities in this field entrusted to the Committee by Emperor Alexander, took place at sessions held from 17th to 24th November. It ended with the preparation of Aleksander Linowski’s Plan for Forming a Commission to Prepare a Book of Civil Law and Procedure on 27th November. This document planned three stages of codification works: first, a 9-member commission was to draft both codes, and then departmental deputies were to work on them (first personally, and then representatives of them, with some Committee members). The last stage of preparatory works was to be comprised of meetings of five senators and members of the Council of State with selected Committee members and a representatives of departmental deputies.

The effects of thermal stress on the physiological parameters of obese subjects remain insufficiently researched. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of sauna bathing on the physiological parameters of obese and non-obese physically inactive men. Sixty volunteers aged 18–24 years (20.85 ± 1.46) were divided into two groups (group I—normal body mass, group II—class 1 obesity) for a comparative analysis. Somatic features and body composition were determined before sauna, and blood pressure was measured before and after sauna. Physiological parameters were monitored before and during the sauna session. The average values of body mass, body mass index, body surface area, and weight-to-height ratio were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in obese men (by 28.39 kg, 8.7 kg/m2, 0.34 m2, and 0.13, respectively) than in the normal weight group. Similar observations were made in an analysis of the remaining body composition parameters. The values of physiological parameters (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, energy expenditure, oxygen uptake, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, respiratory rate) were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in obese subjects. However, the observed physiological changes were within the expected norm; therefore, a 10 min sauna session is safe for young men regardless of their body fat levels.

There is very little research on the anthropometric and physiological profiles of lower-ranked young female athletes, even though, in most rowing clubs, such rowers constitute the vast majority. Therefore, this study investigated the anthropometric and physiological profiles of young Hungarian female rowers of different age categories and sports rankings (international vs. club). Anthropometric and physiological profiles were created for 36 junior (15–16 years), 26 older-junior (17–18 years), and 8 senior (19–21 years) female rowers who were club and international ranked members of seven of the largest Hungarian rowing clubs. Rowers >17-years-old with international rankings significantly outperformed their age-group peers with club rankings in terms of power, absolute VO2 max, and time to cover 2000 m, among other differences, but such differences were not observed with junior rowers. In all age groups, the length of the athletes’ sports career was not significantly associated with differences in anthropometric and physiological characteristics. This study suggests that ranking is not associated with differences in the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of juniors. Thus, with non-elite juniors, it can be more difficult to predict competition outcomes based on differences in anthropometric and physiological profiles.

Platelets are an essential component of hemostasis, with an increasing role in host inflammatory processes in injured tissues. The reaction between receptors and vascular endothelial cells results in the recruitment of platelets in the immune response pathway. The aim of the present review is to describe the role of platelets in osteoarthritis. Platelets induce secretion of biological substances, many of which are key players in the inflammatory response in osteoarthritis. Molecules involved in cartilage degeneration, or being markers of inflammation in osteoarthritis, are cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukins (IL), type II collagen, aggrecan, and metalloproteinases. Surprisingly, platelets may also be used as a treatment modality for osteoarthritis. Multiple randomized controlled trials included in our systematic review and meta-analyses prove the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a minimally invasive method of pain alleviation in osteoarthritis treatment.

The share of the energy use for domestic hot water (DHW) in the total energy consumption of buildings is becoming more and more prominent. Depending on the building typology it varies between 20% to 50% of the total energy usage for old and new built single family house, respectively. The aim of this paper is to determine the energy losses in the DHW installation with division between: a) loss at the production point, b) loss in the distribution, and c) loss at the draw-off points using the results of the measurements of DHW consumption in two single family houses connected to district heating grid. The total Eloss for the two houses vary between 17% and 26%. For House 1, the production loss accounts for 8%, the pipe loss for 15% and loss at the draw off points for 3%. Moreover, the results shown that the layout of the house, in particular the placement of the bathrooms with showers or bath tubs has significant impact on the size of the distribution losses.

The objective of the study was to compare the effects of experimentally induced type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D or T2D) on the functional, structural and biochemical properties of mouse peripheral nerves. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into three groups, including the control (CTRL, chow-fed), STZ (streptozotocin (STZ)-injected), and HFD (high-fat diet (HFD)-fed) group. After 18-weeks of experimental treatment, HFD mice had higher body weights and elevated levels of plasma lipids, while STZ mice developed hyperglycemia. STZ-treated mice, after an extended period of untreated diabetes, developed motor and sensory nerve conduction-velocity deficits. Moreover, relative to control fibers, pre- and diabetic axons were lower in number and irregular in shape. Animals from both treatment groups manifested a pronounced overexpression of nNOS and a reduced expression of SOD1 proteins in the sciatic nerve, indicating oxidative–nitrosative stress and ineffective antioxidant protection in the peripheral nervous system of these mice. Collectively, STZ- and HFD-treated mice revealed similar characteristics of peripheral nerve damage, including a number of morphological and electrophysiological pathologies in the sciatic nerve. While hyperglycemia is a large component of diabetic neuropathy pathogenesis, the non-hyperglycemic effects of diabetes, including dyslipidemia, may also be of importance in the development of this condition.

Background Data on sensorineural deafness (CSD) in purebred white client-owned cats is limited as most of the information on this disease entity is assured from mixed-breed experimental colonies. It is known that cats with blue irises are more predisposed to CSD having been described as a condition in which many structures in the inner ear are damaged resulting in hearing loss. Cats with CSD are born deaf or lose their hearing irreversibly within the first 4-5 weeks of life. It is important to diagnose cats with this hereditary condition in order to eliminate affected individuals from breeding. The objectives of this study were to ensure data on prevalence of CSD in a population of 72 client-owned purebred white cats in Poland according to the color of the irises and to determine if there are any predispositions with regard to CSD among different breeds of cats in which the dominant W gene is present. Results Conducted study included 72 purebred white cats from six different breeds. The prevalence of CSD in the conducted study was 16.7%, CI95 [8.9%; 23.3%]. Unilateral deafness (11.1%, CI95 [4.9%; 20.7%]) was more common than bilateral CSD (5.6%, CI95 [1.5%; 13.6%]). The studies did not show any association between sex and CSD, p = .46. No association between the blue color of irises and deafness in the studied population could be found, p = .91. When compared to the rest of the examined population, no association was found between CSD and a particular breed. Conclusions Overall prevalence of CSD regarding the examined population of purebred client-owned cats was reported as lower when compared to previous studies concerning purebred cats. Cats with blue irises are more likely to be deaf in accordance to the current state of knowledge, however in the conducted study, no significant association between the presence of blue irises and deafness in white purebred cats could be identified. In order to eliminate CSD from the population, it is necessary to conduct examinations and diagnose CSD in white cats with blue irises as well as with irises of color other than blue. Association between particular breed and CSD wasn’t identified.

Vascular toxicity induced by xenobiotics is associated with dysfunctions or damage to endothelial cells, changes in vascular permeability or dysregulation of the vascular redox state. The aim of this study was to determine whether per os administration of zearalenone (ZEN) influences selected hemostatic parameters in prepubertal gilts. This study was performed on female gilts divided into a control group which received placebo and an experimental group which received ZEN at a dose of 5.0 µg·kg−1 b.w. × day−1. On days 14, 28 and 42, blood samples were collected from the animals for analyses of hematological, coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters, nitric oxide, von Willebrand factor antigen content and catalase activity. The results demonstrated that the treatment of gilts with ZEN at a dose below no observable adverse effect level did not affect the primary hemostasis and the blood coagulation cascade. However, ZEN could have temporarily affected the selected indicators of endothelial cell function (increase of von Willebrand factor, decrease of nitric oxide levels) and the oxidative status plasma (decrease of catalase activity) of the exposed gilts. In summary, these results suggest that the adaptive response to ZEN-exposure can induce a transient imbalance in the vascular system by acting on vascular endothelial cells.

This presentation contains forward-looking statements concerning Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) including, but not limited to, the features, functionality, availability, timing, expectations and expected benefits of AMD future products, including Ryzen™ 5000 Series CPUs and Socket AM4, which are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are commonly identified by words such as “would,“ “may,“ “expects,“ “believes,“ “plans,“ “intends,“ “projects“ and other terms with similar meaning. Investors are cautioned that the forward-looking statements in this presentation are based on current beliefs, assumptions and expectations, speak only as of the date of this presentation and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations. Such statements are subject to certain known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and generally beyond AMD’s control, that could cause actual results and other future events to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, the forward-looking information and statements. Investors are urged to review in detail the risks and uncertainties in AMD’s Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including but not limited to AMD’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Qfrom the quarter ending on June 26, 2021.

Purpose To assess the learning curve of arthroscopic Latarjet, evaluating time of surgery, clinical outcomes, complications, revisions, and recurrence. Methods Arthroscopic Latarjet procedures performed from 2011 to 2016 were reviewed. Satisfaction rate, subjective shoulder value, Walch–Duplay, Rowe scores, range of motion, and stability were evaluated on clinical examination. Graft position and fusion were analyzed using computed tomography. All patients were divided into 3 chronological groups. Results Ninety patients (3 groups of 30) were available for clinical evaluation (96,8%). The mean follow-up was 23.7 months. Surgical time was significantly (P = .0028) longer in group I (mean 128 minutes, standard deviation [SD] 33.6) when compared with groups II (mean 102 minutes, SD 16.2) and III (mean 108 minutes, SD 21.8). A regression analysis and cumulative sum learning curve analysis showed the surgeon oscillated around mean operative time (112.7 minutes; SD 27.2) after 30 procedures. The number of intraoperative complications was significantly greater (P = .024) in Group I (5 cases; 17%) compared with zero in group II, and 3 (10%) in group III. All 3 cases (3.3%) of recurrence were reported in group I (P = .033). Significantly, 2 of 3 patients with recurrence had intraoperative graft complications (P = .0107). Overall patient satisfaction was evaluated as 92%, SSV 90%, Walch–Duplay and Rowe scores, respectively, 79 and 81 points. Nine revisions (10%) were reported. No significant differences were found between the results and revisions of the 3 chronological groups. Conclusions This study confirms that the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure provides good clinical and radiologic results at short-term follow-up. The surgical time, frequency of complications, and number of hardware problems significantly decreased after the first 30 cases. As such, surgeons should be aware of the elevated potential for complications and recurrence early in the learning curve—serious intraoperative complications are important risk factors for recurrence. Level of evidence III. Therapeutic study: case–control study.

The article concerns costs borne by parties to court cases in the Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Poland (until the unification of the Polish judiciary with the Russian system in the 1870s). Litigation costs included: court fees, attorneys’ and experts’ fees, travel expenses incurred by the parties and other persons whose appearance was necessary, daily allowances for the parties, witnesses and court officers, and costs of correspondence (delivered by court officers). The most important costs were the court fees, which were paid using stamped paper.The author focused on the content of three acts which comprehensively regulated the collection of stamp duty (acts of 1809, 1811 and 1863). In property litigations, the amount of stamp duty depended on the value of the disputed subject matter, while it had a regressive character (the bigger the claim, the lower the fees). However, in cases concerning non-financial claims, the fee depended on the affluence of the parties or was set as a lump sum.

The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme catalyses the first stage of biosynthesis of prostanoids, proteins that are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes in humans and animals. The expression of COX-2 increases significantly during pathological processes accompanied by inflammation, pain and fever. Overexpression of COX-2 was determined in tumour tissues, which suggests that this enzyme participates in oncogenesis. In this paper the topics discussed are mechanisms regulating COX-2 expression, COX isoforms, their role in the body and the oncogenic mechanisms triggered by the overexpression of COX-2, including inhibition of apoptosis, intensification of neoangiogenesis, increased metastatic capacity, and weakening of the immune system. The significance of and the mechanisms by which COX-2 participates in oncogenesis have been studied intensively in recent years. The results are highly promising, and they expand our understanding of the complex processes and changes at the molecular, cellular and tissue level that promote oncogenesis and cancer progression. Notwithstanding the knowledge already gleaned, many processes and mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in human medicine and, in particular, in veterinary medicine. Further research is required to develop effective tumour diagnostic methods and treatment procedures for humans and animals.

Bisphenol A, a substance commonly used in plastic manufacturing, is relatively well known as an endocrine disruptor, which may bind to estrogen receptors and has multidirectional negative effects on both human and animal organisms. Previous studies have reported that BPA may act on the reproductive organs, but knowledge concerning BPA-induced changes within the nerves located in the uterine wall is extremely scant. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various doses of BPA on the parasympathetic nerves located in the corpus and horns of the uterus using a single and double immunofluorescence method. The obtained results have shown that BPA may change not only the expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT-a marker of parasympathetic nervous structures) in the uterine intramural nerve fibers, but also the degree of colocalization of this substance with other neuronal factors, including substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), galanin (GAL), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Moreover, BPA caused changes in the density of the overall populations of fibers immunoreactive to the particular neuropeptides mentioned above. The characteristics of the changes clearly depended on the part of the uterus, the neuronal factors studied, and the dosage of BPA. The mechanisms of the observed fluctuations are probably connected with the neurotoxic and/or pro-inflammatory activity of BPA. Moreover, the results have shown that even low doses of BPA are not neutral to living organisms. Changes in the neurochemical characterization of nerves supplying the uterine wall may be the first subclinical sign of intoxication with this substance.

Purpose The goal of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes after arthroscopic Latarjet stabilisation in anterior shoulder instability. Methods Ninety-three patients after primary arthroscopic Latarjet stabilisation were reviewed. Satisfaction, subjective shoulder value (SSV), Walch–Duplay and Rowe scores, and range of motion and stability were evaluated on clinical examination. Computed tomography (CT) was used to analyse graft position and fusion. Results Ninety patients (96.8%) were available for clinical and 85 for CT evaluation. The mean follow-up was 23.7 months (13–50, SD 7.1) and age at surgery was 26.2 years (16–44, SD 5.6). Intraoperative complications were reported in eight patients (8.9%) and recurrence in three (3.3%). Significantly, two out of three patients with recurrence had intraoperative graft complications (p = 0.0107). Forty-one patients (45.6%) reported the feeling of “subjective return to sport anxiety”. External rotation with arm at the side was 59° (10–90°, SD 20) with 15° (0–70°, SD 17) of loss of rotation. These two factors correlated with results the most. Patient satisfaction was evaluated as 92% (40–100, SD 14) and SSV 90% (30–100, SD12). Revision rate after primary surgery was 10%. CT showed graft healing in 81 (95.3%) patients. A graft position between 2 and 5 o’clock was found in 70 (83.4%) patients and flush to the anterior glenoid rim in 34 (40.5%). Osteolysis of the superior part of the graft was found in 55 (64.7%) patients. CT evaluation showed no correlation with clinical results. Conclusion Arthroscopic Latarjet stabilisation demonstrates satisfactory results in short-term follow-up; however, intraoperative graft-related complications are a risk factor for recurrence. “Subjective return to sport anxiety” and loss of external rotation with the arm at the side are factors worsening the results. Graft position imperfections and osteolysis of the superior part of the graft reported in CT evaluation do not influence the clinical results.

Prace Komitetu Cywilnego Reformy nad przygotowaniem narodowej kodyfikacji prawa cywilnego i procedury cywilnej w przededniu utworzenia Krolestwa Polskiego (1814 – 1815) – edycja źrodlowa. Cześc I

The main purpose of the paper is to present a methodical approach to differences in changes in intra-national potential accessibility. Research concerns level of accessibility and its dispersion, both for freight and passenger transport regarding four transport modes. The main added value of the paper is an indication of how to monitor changes in the accessibility of many modes of transport at the municipal level, as a result of investment processes, while taking into account the available data sources, both on the land use data and travel times, with the support of regional and central offices. We focus on the intensive development of transport infrastructure after Poland’s accession to the EU. We conclude that outcomes of reducing territorial differences in accessibility are diverse depending on the transport mode: from a generally positive effect in passenger transport to varied effects in freight transport, including particularly highly polarising effects in rail transport. The research method provides the possibility of analysing multimodal changes in accessibility concerning numerous transport modes for any large country or group of countries. Certain development opportunities of the model to be implemented in the future are discussed.

Total knee replacement (TKA) is a frequent modality performed in patients with osteoarthritis. Specific circumstances can make it much more difficult to execute successfully, and additional procedures such as osteotomy may be required. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review of osteotomies combined with TKA. Methods: In June 2022, a search PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials was undertaken, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The search included the terms “osteotomy” and “total knee arthroplasty”. Results: Two subgroups (tibial tubercle osteotomy and medial femoral condyle osteotomy) were included in the meta-analysis. Further subgroups were described as a narrative review. The primary outcome showed no significant difference in favor to TTO. Secondary outcomes showed improved results in all presented subgroups compared to preoperative status. Conclusion: This study showed a significant deficit of randomized control trials treated with osteotomies, in addition to TKA, and a lack of evidence-based surgical guidelines for the treatment of patients with OA in special conditions: posttraumatic deformities, stiff knee, severe varus, and valgus axis or patella disorders.