Search

This report results from a Level 3 Building Survey by Archaeology England Ltd (AE) prior to the conversion of a vacant mill building into 101 apartments with parking and access at the Grade II Listed Building -Mather House, Mather Lane, Leigh, Greater Manchester

Between the 10th to the 18th of June 2019 Archaeology England Ltd (AE) carried out an archaeological watching brief on ground investigation works at land at Addington Street, Manchester, associated with proposed residential redevelopment, with associated infrastructure.

An Archaeological watching brief on geotechnical test pits, boreholes and window samples. within the test pits a wall possible the 18th century river wall and associated footings of wharf/warehouse. Geoarchaeological monitoring identified three facies (Pleistocene gravels, alluvial deposits and made ground). The alluvial deposits are considered to have high palaeoenvironmental potential which should be explored through further work.

Particle design via spherical agglomeration is a size enlargement technique used in various bulk and fine chemical industries, with recent interest extending into pharmaceuticals, in which an immiscible bridging liquid is added to agglomerate crystals prior to deliquoring. Spherical agglomeration has the potential to dramatically simplify downstream processing, and improves the handling of difficult, needle-shaped crystals. This review consolidates the understanding of the controlling process parameters, identifies the rate processes that control agglomerate attributes, and examines the modelling approaches taken in the literature to optimise the design of such systems. The most important controlling parameters are solvent system composition (requiring knowledge of the ternary phase diagram) and bridging liquid to solid ratio (BSR). Agglomerate size is a highly non-linear function of BSR with many literature systems showing qualitatively similar behaviour. However, there is no method to predict the optimum BSR. Other important process parameters are temperature, constituent particle properties, agitation rate and batch/residence time. Each parameter can have significant effects on the final agglomerate properties including agglomerate size, porosity, strength and dissolution profile. \ud \ud The rate processes in spherical agglomeration are analogous to those in wet granulation. A general classification of rate processes is proposed in this review including nucleation by distribution or immersion, consolidation, coalescence, layered growth and breakage. While many papers give proof of concept examples of spherical agglomeration for specific systems, only a few have focused explicitly on mechanistic understanding. There is significant scope for further work to quantify the effect of both process parameters and formulation properties on these rate processes. Recent developments in on-line monitoring using process analytical technologies (PAT) should enable these studies. \ud \ud Using the mechanistic understanding, population balance models can be developed to include kernels for each of the relevant rate processes. Such models should be powerful tools of process optimisation and model driven design with reduced experiments at all scales.

We describe the design and operation of a Poiseuille Flow Crystalliser (PFC) that allows direct exploration of the effect of hydrodynamic and physico-chemical conditions on the aggregation of crystals growing in suspension. The PFC operates as a differential reactor where changes between inlet and outlet are small enough not to change the rate, but large enough to be measureable. Automatically measured changes in size distribution yield very clear quantitative evidence of aggregation. We use these data to explore the three open questions of Hounslow et al. (2013) and show how to average underlying point aggregation kinetics over a whole vessel and how to extract point data from average data. We introduce the critical aggregate size, D, as the particle size that at the average shear rate has a Mumtaz number, M=1, and so disruptive forces are in balance with the strength of growing bridges.\ud \ud In a study of rounded calcium oxalate monohydrate particles we show that values of D can readily be determined by fitting the change in size distribution in the PFC. We are able to discriminate among candidate models relating aggregation efficiency to M by means of an empirical fitting investigation and by directly determining the aggregation efficiency – both averaged and un-averaged for the vessel. We conclude that aggregate rupture happens under simple tension and that the effective average size of two colliding particles is their geometric mean.\ud \ud D2 is predicted and observed to be directly proportional to the ratio of crystal growth rate to flow rate squared. We demonstrate that no attractive or repulsive inter-particle forces are active in aiding or retarding aggregation in this system. The constant of proportionality from these results allows the material property controlling aggregation – the product of yield strength and a geometric factor with dimensions of length – to be determined as L⁎σY=1.35±0.01 Nm−1.

Archaeological evaluation of three trenches. Trench 1 modern disturbance to 2.45m below ground level. Trenches 3 and 4 natural brickearth below post-medieval soil horizon. One ditches dated to late 16th to 18th centuries and two further ditch and a pit dated to the 19th century cut into brickearth.

Trabajo presentado en el III Simposio Internacional en Ciencias del Mar (ISMS12), celebrado en Cádiz del 24 al 26 de enero de 2012., In spite of the known role of Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) in the process of marine aggregation (and consequently in the oceanic carbon cycle) there are two noticeable gaps in the measurement of this variable. First, TEP studies are very scarce in tropical-subtropical areas. The only three reported data are from the Great Barrier Reef, from the Cananeia-Iguape estuarine system in Brazil and from the Dona Paula Bay in the west coast of India. Second, although marine snow diel cycles are known to exist in the ocean, no high frequency field sampling of TEP concentration had been carried out. In this study, we sampled the sub-tropical estuarine Coombabah Lake focusing on high frequency variability of TEP in the surface waters. Coombabah Lake (150° 20’E, 27° 54’S), southeast Queensland (Australia) is a shallow, semi-urbanised embayment dominated by mangroves, salt marshes and shallow sub-tidal habitats. TEP values in this ecosystem were high (average values of 1117.32 gXeq L1) compared to other marine systems, fluctuating between 724 and 1823 gXeq L1. Meanwhile, concentrations of chlorophyll were also very high, with values from 8.24 to 27.09 g L1. The relation of TEP with environmental variables as temperature, salinity, oxygen concentration, irradiance and phytoplankton are discussed, and registered values are framed according to published TEP data.

An environment group has had a presence within Leeds Met Libraries since December 2004. Initially the group chose to look at simple things which could have a positive impact on how we use resources in the workplace. We introduced recycling bins for plastic cups and cans in the staff tearooms, provided dispensers for plastic carrier bags near the self-service machines and arranged training hours for library staff to learn more about environmental issues and to look at their carbon footprint. In May 2006, the group decided to continue their work via an e-mail discussion forum where any issues of environmental concern were raised, with dedicated members of the group continuing to action if appropriate. We found that as time went on, there was an increased interest in environmental matters, so much so that in April 2009 the group reformed, with a new membership and a new title of Green Initiatives Group. The remit of the group is: - To raise awareness of and promote green issues amongst library staff. - To exchange best practice in the university and in the Higher Education library sector. - To build relationships with other ethical organisations working in the Leeds area. One of our aims is to be aware of initiatives taking place in the wider university and to be able to communicate relevant information to library staff about what the university is involved in environmentally. Below is a brief outline of what we have achieved as a group and current projects we are working on.

Understanding medusan roles in pelagic food webs requires knowledge of medusan bathymetric distributions and diel vertical migrations. This information is lacking in the Adriatic and, more generally, in the world’ s oceans and seas. Zooplankton were collected at single station in the Southern Adriatic Sea (42o 11’ N, 17o 42’ E ; 1275 m) at a location possessing a strong thermocline beginning at 12 m depth. Vertical hauls were made by a Nansen opening-closing net (200 µ m mesh, 113 cm diameter) at depth intervals: 0-12 (above thermocline), 12-50, 50-100, 100-200, 200-400, 400-600, 600-800 and 800-1200 m. In total, 19 sampling series (152 hauls) were performed starting on July 22, 2003. In total, twenty-four species of medusae were collected. The highest medusan abundance, dominated by of Rhopalonema velatum (maximum: 93 ind. 10 m-3), was recorded below the thermocline to 100 m. Several depth strata were identified based on the abundance and frequencies of the principal depth representative medusan species: Aglaura hemistoma (0-12 m) ; R. velatum (12-100 m) ; Rhabdoon singulare (100-200 m) ; Persa incolorata (200-400 m) ; Solmissus albescens (400-600 m) and Arctapodema australis (600-1200 m). Six medusae showed substantial diel vertical movement: S. albescens 50-1200 m, R. velatum 0-800 m, P. incolorata 100-800 m, Octophialucium funerarium 400-1200 m, A. australis 400-1200 m and Amphinema dinema 100-600 m. Vertical migrations of these medusae were significantly related to variations in microzooplankton and copepod abundances as well as light intensity.