Identification key to Salvia species in Sinaloa, Mexico 1. Plants with branched hairs along the stems and/or the leaves............................................................................................................2 1. Plants with simple or glandular hairs or glabrous along the stems and leaves...................................................................................4 2. Calyx 8���10.8 mm long, densely lanose with red-ochre to yellowish or violet branched hairs......................................... S. lasiantha 2. Calyx 3.4���6.4 mm long, glabrous or covered with short whitish hairs..............................................................................................3 3. Leaves oblong-ovate, cuneate; anterior portion of corolla tube and lips covered with branched hairs; connective ornate with an anterior obtuse tooth (geniculate) near ventral midpoint; mericarps densely covered with branched hairs................... S. goldmanii 3. Leaves ovate to suborbicular, base rounded, truncate to short cuneate; anterior portion of corolla tube and lips pilose with simple hairs; connective ornate with a retrorse acute tooth near ventral midpoint; mericarps glabrous........................................ S. palmeri 4. Upper calyx lip 3-veined or with the veins obscure in the upper half portion of the calyx...............................................................5 4. Upper calyx lip 5 or 7-veined, the veins conspicuous......................................................................................................................21 5. Calyx truncate at apex; stamens long exserted from the upper corolla lip.........................................................................................6 5. Calyx with the lips acute or long caudate; stamens included under the upper corolla lip.................................................................7 6. Calyx 2.7���3.5(���4.8) mm long; corolla magenta to pink, tube 11���13(���18) mm long........................................................ S. iodantha 6. Calyx 1.8���2.3 mm long; corolla whitish, pale pink to pale violet, tube 5���6.2 mm long....................................... S. trichostephana * 7. Corolla pink to magenta.....................................................................................................................................................................8 7. Corolla light to dark blue or entirely white......................................................................................................................................10 8. Veins obscure in the anterior half portion of the calyx, lips connivent in fructification, mericarps covered with sessile glands..................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. pringlei 8. Veins conspicuous along the calyx, lips not connivent in fructification, mericarps smooth and glabrous........................................9 9. Calyx (3���)7.5���10.1(���20) �� (3.2���) 4.6���8.2 mm; corolla tube (3.1���) 5.4���8.7 mm wide, invaginate near the base, internally ornate with a couple bolds at the invagination near the base; connective 2.5���3 cm long; style (1.6���) 3.6���5 cm long........................ S. mexicana 9. Calyx (4���)5���6.2 �� 1.6���2.1 mm; corolla tube 3.6���4.6 mm wide, not invaginated near the base, internally ornate with a pair of papillae near the base; connective 11.9���15.8 mm long; style 2.4���3 cm long................................................................... S. purpurea 10. Inflorescence in cylindrical racemes, compact, the flowers and floral bracts hiding the axis; style with a swollen portion at the base as a stylopodium, persistent even in fruit......................................................................................................................... S. hispanica 10. Inflorescence in lax or moniliform racemes, or if cylindrical and compact in a portion, several basal verticillasters separate along the axis, the latter not totally hidden by the flowers and floral bracts; style without a swollen portion at the base........................11 11. Calyx 7.6���20 mm long; corolla tube 11.6���29.4 mm long................................................................................................................12 11. Calyx (2.3���)3���6.2(���9) mm long; corolla tube 3���8(���9.7) mm long..................................................................................................13 12. Inflorescence 17���30(���50) cm long; floral bracts 5.4���14(���20) �� 1.7���9.7 mm; calyx lips not connivent and occluding entrance to the mericarps, veins conspicuous in the upper half portion of the calyx; corolla without white nectar guides on the lower lip, tube (3.4���) 5.4���8.7 mm wide, base invaginated, upper lip (6.3���)14.3���22.9 long, lower lip (5.9���) 12.2���18 mm long; mericarps glabrous and smooth........................................................................................................................................................................ S. mexicana 12. Inflorescence 1.6���5(���7.4) cm long; floral bracts (1.7���)3���6 �� (0.5���) 0.7���1.5 mm; calyx lips connivent and occluding entrance to the mericarps, veins obscure in the upper calyx portion; corolla with white nectar guides on the lower lip, tube 2.4���3.6 mm wide, base not invaginated, upper lip 4.8���6.6 mm long, lower lip (4.6���) 7.7���8.2 mm long; mericarps covered by sessile glands............................................................................................................................................................................................................ S. beltraniorum 13. Upper corolla lip entirely reposing on the lower one and hence hiding the throat; lower stigmatic branch truncate and dorsoventrally incurved-concave....................................................................................................................................................... S. lavanduloides 13. Corolla lips divergent and exposing the throat; lower stigmatic branch acute and dorsoventrally flat...........................................14 14. Calyx lips truncate to subtruncate; corolla tube internally ornate with one or two pairs of papillae near the base; corolla lips subequal in length or the lower shorter than the upper one..............................................................................................................15 14. Calyx lips acute to long caudate; corolla tube internally epapillate near the base; upper corolla lip shorter than the lower one..................................................................................................................................................................................................................16 15. Calyx 1.6���3.3(���4.4) mm long; corolla white; mericarps 0.6���0.7 �� 0.3���0.4 mm.................................................................. S. decora 15. Calyx (2.3���)3���4.2(���6) mm long; corolla blue with white nectar guides on the lower lip; mericarps 1���1.1 �� 0.6���0.9 mm....................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. polystachya 16. Deciduous floral bracts.....................................................................................................................................................................17 16. Persistent floral bracts......................................................................................................................................................................19 17. Corolla tube inserted in the calyx, 3���3.5(���5) �� 1���1.7 mm, upper lip 1.2���1.6(���2.5) mm long, lower lip 2���3 �� 2���2.6 mm; connective 1.5���2.6 mm long; style 4���5 mm long.................................................................................................................................. S. tiliifolia 17. Corolla tube exerted from the calyx, (5���)5.2���7.3(���8) �� 2.4���3.2 mm, upper lip (3.3���) 4���5.8 mm long, lower lip (4���)5���7.3(���9.7) �� 2.5���3.2 mm; connective 4.4���7.2(���9) mm long; style (7���) 8���11.7 mm long.....................................................................................18 18. Leaf blade base cuneate to long attenuate; floral bract ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.6���9.5 �� 0.8���2.3(���3.7) mm, apex caudate; mericarps 0.8���1.2 mm long.......................................................................................................................................... S. longispicata 18. Leaf blade base rounded to short cuneate; floral bract triangular, ovate, narrow lanceolate to orbicular, 1.1���2.6(���4.3) �� 1���1.4(���2) mm, apex acuminate; mericarps 1.1���1.5 mm long............................................................................................................... S. roscida 19. Leaf margin finely serrate, usually at least with 20 teeth per side; corolla tube (5���)5.6���7(���8) mm long; connective 4.5���7.2 mm long; style (7���) 10���11.2 mm long......................................................................................................................................... S. roscida 19. Leaf margin coarsely serrate, less than 10 teeth per side; corolla tube 4.1���5.8 mm long; connective 4���5 mm long; style 6.9���8.6 mm long...................................................................................................................................................................................................20 20. Floral axis short pilose; floral bract 1.2���3.3(���6) mm long; calyx 2.7���3(���4) mm wide, upper lip 3-veined; lower corolla lip 6.2���7.4 mm long; growing mainly in tropical deciduous forests, tropical subdeciduous forests and savannoid vegetation.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. languidula 20. Floral axis glabrous except by the base of the verticillasters which is short pilose; floral bract (2.2���) 4.8���8.3 mm long; calyx 1.8���2.7 mm wide, upper lip 3 or 5-veined; lower corolla lip 4.6���5 mm long; growing mainly in oak and pine oak forests.................. S. sp. 21. Calyx and corolla yellow, lower corolla lip incurved-concave....................................................................................... S. madrensis 21. Calyx green, yellowish-green to bluish or purplish green, corolla white, blue, violet, purple, or red, lower corolla lip patent or reflexed.............................................................................................................................................................................................22 22. Persistent floral bract........................................................................................................................................................................23 22. Deciduous floral bract......................................................................................................................................................................28 23. Floral bract suborbicular, ovate to reniform, (3.5���)6���17(���25) mm wide.........................................................................................24 23. Floral bract ovate to lanceolate, 0.7���1.9(���4.1) mm wide.................................................................................................................26 24. Floral bract 10���25 �� 17���25 mm; pedicel 0���0.8 mm long; calyx 9.5���12 �� 3.6���4 mm, upper calyx lip cucullate; corolla tube violet to magenta, the lips dark blue to purple; connective 7���7.2 mm long, ornate ventrally with an oblong antrorse tooth; style 15.5���19 mm long; mericarp 2.7���2.9 �� 1.5���1.7 mm............................................................................................................... S. clinopodioides 24. Floral bract (3.5���)6���12(���15) mm; pedicel 1.4���3.6 mm long; calyx (1.6���)3.5���8.6 �� (1.6���) 3.5���4.6 mm, upper calyx lip not cucullate; corolla tube and lips light blue; connective 2���5.2 mm long, ornate ventrally with a retrorse acute or rounded tooth; style (3.6���) 5��� 9.1 mm long; mericarp 0.5���2.3 �� 0.5���1.4 mm.................................................................................................................................25 25. Annual herb, 0.2���0.7(���1) m tall; leaf blade (1.7���) 3���7 cm long, base rounded, truncate to oblique; pedicel 1.4���1.9 mm long; calyx (1.6���)3.5���4(���5.1) �� 1.5���1.9(���2.3) mm; corolla tube 2.5���3(���3.5) 1���2.4 mm, internally epapillate near the base, upper lip 1���1.5(���3) mm long, lower lip (2.6���)3���4(���5) �� 2.6���4(���5.8) mm; connective 2���2.4 mm long; style (3.6���) 5���5.5 mm long; mericarp lenticular, 0.5���0.7(���1) mm long, brightly black........................................................................................................................... S. lasiocephala 25. Shrub, 1���2.2(���3) m tall; leaf blade 6���17 cm long, cuneate to long attenuate; pedicel 2.9���3.6 mm long; calyx (7.2���)8���8.6 �� 4���4.6 mm; corolla tube 5.5���6.5 3.4���3.7 mm, internally ornate with a pair of papillae near the base, upper lip 3���4.5(���6) mm long, lower lip (6.5���)7.5���11 �� 7.2���11 mm; connective 4.5���5.2 mm long; style 8.3���9.1 mm long; mericarp ovoid, (1.7���) 2.2���2.3 mm long, light brown irregularly marbled with a darker tone.......................................................................................................... S. sanctae-luciae 26. Petiole 23���38 mm long; leaf blade 5.2���8.2 mm long; corolla tube invaginate at the base; connective 4.8���5 mm long, ventrally ornate with an acute retrorse tooth; lower stigmatic branch acute and dorsoventrally flat......................................................... S. sp. 26. Petiole (0.7���) 3.7���10 mm long; leaf blade 0.8���4.2(���9.8) cm long; corolla tube straight at the base; connective 1.5���4 mm long, ventrally ornate with an obtuse antrorse tooth; lower stigmatic branch truncate and dorsoventrally incurved-concave................27 27. Floral axis with glandular-capitate hairs; floral bract 1.2���6.2 �� 1���1.9 mm; pedicel 0.8���1.7 mm long; corolla tube 2.4���3.2 �� (0.9���) 1.1���1.7 mm, upper lip 1.5���2.1 mm long, lower lip 2.2���3.2 �� 1.4���1.8 mm; connective 1.5���2.3 mm long; style 2.4���4.3 mm long................................................................................................................................................................................................ S. misella 27. Floral axis hirsute with simple hairs; floral bract 6.3���8.7(���10) �� 2.2���4.1 mm; pedicel 2.1���4 mm long; corolla tube 5.3���5.6 �� 3���3.8 mm, upper lip 3.2���3.9 mm long, lower lip 9.1���11.3 �� 9.6���11 mm; connective 3.5���4 mm long; style 7���8 mm long................................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. monantha 28. Bracteoles present at the base of each pedicel; lower stigmatic branch sigmoid.............................................................................29 28. Bracteoles absent; lower stigmatic branch acute..............................................................................................................................30 29. Petiole (0.5���) 3���6.2 mm long; leaf blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate; floral bract 1���1.2 mm wide; calyx 2���2.7 mm wide, upper lip 5-veined; mericarp 1���1.2 �� 0.8���1 mm.................................................................................................. S. alamosana 29. Petiole (2���) 9.2���23 mm long; leaf blade ovate to rhombic deltoid; floral bract 1.5���3 mm wide; calyx 2.7���3.9 mm wide, upper lip 7-veined; mericarp (1���)1.6���2 �� 1.4���1.6 mm.......................................................................................................................... S. crucis 30. Corolla red, pink or magenta, tube (15���)19���40(���44) mm long; connective ornate with a retrorse acute tooth..............................31 30. Corolla white, light to dark blue or purple, tube 4.6���10.2 mm long; connective ornate with an antrorse obtuse tooth..................34 31. Calyx 3.8���6.6 mm long, upper lip 3-dentate; corolla tube 3���5.5 mm wide.....................................................................................32 31. Calyx 8���25(���30) mm long, upper lip entire; corolla tube 5.9���10(���12) mm wide...........................................................................33 32. Upper calyx lip long caudate, the cauda twice as long as the spiny teeth of the lobes of the lower lip; stamens exserted more than 3 mm from the upper corolla lip................................................................................................................................... S. cinnabarina 32. Upper calyx lip spiny dentate, or if caudate, the cauda as long as the spiny teeth of the lower lip lobes; stamens inserted, or less than 2.5 mm exserted from the upper corolla lip................................................................................................................. S. elegans 33. Leaf blade (3���)5.3���10.3(���16) cm long; floral bract (0.6���)0.7���2(���2.4) cm long; pedicel 5���10 mm long; calyx (1.3���)1.7���2.5(���3) cm long; corolla tube 3.2���4(���4.4) cm long, upper lip 1.6���2.1(���2.5) cm long; connective (1.9���) 2���2.6 cm long; style 4.7���5.9(���6.6) cm long........................................................................, Published as part of Gonz��lez-Gallegos, Jes��s Guadalupe, P��o-Le��n, Juan Fernando & Castro, Arturo Castro-, 2021, Salvia beltraniorum (Lamiaceae), a new species in savannoid vegetation from Cosal��, Sinaloa, Mexico, pp. 160-170 in Phytotaxa 529 (1) on pages 166-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.529.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/5814220