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IntroductionThe Vietnamese Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST) was developed to measure the number of home hazards present in the homes of older Vietnamese people and the risk of falls.MethodsThe HOME FAST and the HOME FAST manual were translated into Vietnamese by an independent translator and underwent backward translation by local health professionals into English to evaluate the accuracy of the translation. A panel of 14 Vietnamese health professionals evaluated the validity of the HOME FAST translation and rated the clarity and cultural relevance of each item. Ratings were evaluated using the content validity index (CVI). Reliability in ratings of the HOME FAST was evaluated using intra-class correlations (ICC), and ratings took place within the homes of two older Vietnamese people by six assessors.ResultsIn all, 22 out of 25 Vietnamese HOME FAST items were considered to have met content validity standards using the CVI. The ICC for home visit one was 0.94 (95% CI 0.87–0.97) and for home visit two was ICC 0.95 (95% CI 0.91–0.98) indicating high reliability.Discussion and conclusionBathroom items showed the most inconsistency in ratings indicating cultural differences in bathing activities. Descriptors of HOME FAST items will be reviewed for use in Vietnam to account for cultural and environmental differences. A larger pilot study is planned with older people living in the community in Vietnam to include calendar ascertainment of falls to determine if home hazards are associated with falling.

If left untreated, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of slowly progressive dementia. Therefore, it is critical to detect AD to prevent its progression. In this study, we propose a bidirectional progressive recurrent network with imputation (BiPro) that uses longitudinal data, including patient demographics and biomarkers of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to forecast clinical diagnoses and phenotypic measurements at multiple timepoints. To compensate for missing observations in the longitudinal data, we use an imputation module to inspect both temporal and multivariate relations associated with the mean and forward relations inherent in the time series data. To encode the imputed information, we define a modification of the long short-term memory (LSTM) cell by using a progressive module to compute the progression score of each biomarker between the given timepoint and the baseline through a negative exponential function. These features are used for the prediction task. The proposed system is an end-to-end deep recurrent network that can accomplish multiple tasks at the same time, including (1) imputing missing values, (2) forecasting phenotypic measurements, and (3) predicting the clinical status of a patient based on longitudinal data. We experimented on 1,335 participants from The Alzheimer's Disease Prediction of Longitudinal Evolution (TADPOLE) challenge cohort. The proposed method achieved a mean area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (mAUC) of 78% for predicting the clinical status of patients, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.5ml for forecasting MRI biomarkers, and an MAE of 6.9ml for missing value imputation. The results confirm that our proposed model outperforms prevalent approaches, and can be used to minimize the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Knowledge and attitude regarding pain management is one of the factors with the highest predictive value and it can explain 69% of nurses' s pain management practice[2]. Therefore, a standard tool to measure the pain management knowledge and attitude of nurses in Vietnam is needed. Objective: Testing the validity and reliability of the Knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain tool Vietnamese version (KASRP -V), so as to measure the nurse's pain management knowledge level in Vietnam Method: The psychometric properties testing of KASRP tool Vietnamese version has undergone a strict standardization process including testing for content validity, discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability. 6 experts assessed the content validity. 50 nurses and 73 nursing students were selected to collect data for the discriminant validity testing. Thirty nurses out of 50 nurses were selected to collect data for the internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability testing. Results:The KASRP tool Vietnamese version includes 41 items, the CVI index for each item ranged from 0.83-1, S-CVI=0.996. The discriminant validity was verified because there was a difference in knowledge scores between the group of nurses with experience in patient care and the group of 4th years nursing students (Z=-2.256,p=0.01).. Internal consistency reliability was measured by Cronbach alpha score. The Cronbach alpha value of each item ranged from 0.885 - 0.887 and the total score was 0.888. The correlation coefficient between each item with the total ranged from 0.300 - 0.446. The ICC score = 0.977 (with 95% CI=0.631-0.994,p= .000) was measured to assess test-retest reliability Conclusion: This evaluation of the KASRP -V demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability

By 2050, blue hydrogen (produced by SMR method using CCS technology to capture CO2) will make up about 18% of hydrogen supply, whilst green hydrogen from solar power will account for 16%, from onshore wind power 16% and offshore wind power 9%. Global hydrogen demand is forecasted to increase to about 150 million tons by 2040 [1]. The article analyses the objective factors (i.e. size and structure of the economy, technological and social barriers) and policies of countries that affect hydrogen market development.

Binary metal sulfides have been explored as sodium storage materials owing to their high theoretical capacity and high stable cyclability. Nevertheless, their relative high charge voltage and relatively low practical capacity make them less attractive as an anode material. To resolve the problem, addition of alloying elements is considerable. Copper antimony sulfide is investigated as a representative case. In this study, we do not only perform electrochemical characterization on CuSbS2, but also investigate its nonequilibrium sodiation pathway employing in-/ex situ transmission electron microscopy, in situ X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. Our finding provides valuable insights on sodium storage into ternary metal sulfide including an alloying element.

A giant fusiform aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery is a disease that causes many difficulties for endovascular intervention as well as surgery. No 1 solution is optimal for all cases, however for post-bifurcation aneurysms, trapping the aneurysms with a reanastomosis reimplantation, an in situ side to side bypass is feasible and has good results. We reported a 28-year-old male patient, admitted to the hospital because of severe headache, Glasgow Coma Scale 13 points, left hemiplegia, was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of a giant fusiform aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery in the M2 segment, Hunt and Hess grade 4. The patient underwent microsurgery with clipping aneurysm combined with a low-flow technique connecting the superficial temporal artery to the middle cerebral artery. Our findings suggest that surgery to connect the superficial temporal artery to the M2 segment and at the same time obstructing the parent artery occlusion of selected giant MCA aneurysm is an option to consider.

Enhancing EFL learners’ communicative competence is a time-taking process to reach certain levels of interacting with different communication participants. However, in the tertiary education in Vietnam, traditional teaching approach with the task-based learning does not thoroughly focus on the language use but on the strategies to perform the tasks. Hence, the functional approach has been applied to boost learners’ awareness of their language delivery thanks to communicative functions and notions. The new mode of teaching concentrates on what communication participants desire to convey and why they make use of those speech acts. This paper aimed to explore the impact of the integration of task-based learning and the functional approach, and learners’ perspective towards the implementation of such approach combination. With the application of the mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approaches, the data were collected via a pre-test and a post-test, survey, and 32 interviews with the participation of 100 students whose major is Business Administration at a university. The findings reveal that adding the functional approach to the existing teaching method could enhance students’ overall speaking competence, especially their fluency and discourse management. Additionally, the application of the functional approach received positive feedback from the learners.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the Operational Self-Sustainability (OSS) of Vietnamese microfinance institutions (MFIs). This research uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods: (i) qualitative research was via in-depth interviews with ten microfinance practitioners, policymakers and researchers; (ii) quantitative research was conducted by using panel data of 34 MFIs in the period 2011-2015 with binary logistics and OLS regressions. Results are as follows: (i) MFIs’ OSS in Vietnam are mainly determined by five key factors: portfolio at risk (PAR>30), capital structure, gross loan portfolio, scope of activities and legal form; (ii) OSS are most affected by legal status (social organizations have better OSS than formal MFIs or programs/projects), location (MFIs focus in one province have higher OSS than working nationwide or just in one district), capital structure (MFIs with more equity proportion have higher OSS); (iii) surprisingly, average loan size per borrower and age of MFIs do not have statistically significant correlation with OSS. The key recommendations are: (i) MFIs should focus on its professionality and increase its equity; (ii) related stakeholders such as State Bank of Vietnam should promote the enabling ecosystem for microfinance development to enhance poverty reduction and economic development.

The field of English translation and interpretation has shown an increasing popularity in Vietnam in the context of globalization. However, translation in the target culture still has a certain number of problems in transferring the equivalence between two languages, which causes some ambiguities and misunderstandings for readers (House, 2015). Hence, translation quality assurance is significant in ensuring the degree of suitability of the texts as a post-translation process (Munday, 2016). This paper aimed to investigate the difficulties of English majors of translation and interpretation in assessing the quality of texts translated from English to Vietnamese during the learning process on an independent basis. The study employed the mixed method with 50 fourth-year students at Nguyen Tat Thanh University via questionnaires. The findings revealed that those majors had to deal with five main groups of troubles including (1) time constraints, (2) non-equivalence between English and Vietnamese, (3) insufficient cultural understandings, (4) inadequate supports from lecturers, and especially (5) the lack of official framework for translation quality assessment. This paper also proposes the fundamental for university curriculum developments from the learners’ perspectives.

A fuzzy logic – based controller has been considered to be a feasible and effective control strategy for a numerous number of complex control problems. To design such an effective fuzzy logic controller, it is necessary to determine proper scaling factors which significantly affect the control quality of the system. This study concentrates on applying well-known bio-inspired optimization methods, i.e. PSO, GA and DE, to deal with this determination. A typical PD-type fuzzy logic architecture is chosen to be a traditionally intelligent controller. Then, the bio-inspired optimization methods will be applied for such a fuzzy logic controller to optimally determine its three scaling factors. The simulation results provided for the load – frequency control issue of a two-area interconnected hydropower system verifies the applicability of the proposed control strategy. Comparative simulations are also to decide which is the best choice of the bio-inspired optimization methods in the determination of significant scaling factors regarding the PD-type fuzzy logic controller.

Maintaining the rotational speed of synchronous generators in a hydropower plant is a vital control strategy in power system stability and operation. It is because such rotational speed is proportional to the output frequency of the synchronous generator, thereby it strongly affects the stability of the electric power grid. This paper presents a study regarding the modelling and control of a hydropower plant to maintain the generator speed. This study is divided into two main parts. A well-used model of an isolated hydropower plant is established in this study at first; then two controllers including conventional PI and intelligent fuzzy logic regulators are investigated to speed control of the generator. Simulations implemented in MATLAB/Simulink package demonstrate effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed speed controllers.

Spin-based logic architectures provide nonvolatile data retention, near-zero leakage, and scalability, extending the technology roadmap beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor logic1-13. Architectures based on magnetic domain walls take advantage of the fast motion, high density, non-volatility and flexible design of domain walls to process and store information1,3,14-16. Such schemes, however, rely on domain-wall manipulation and clocking using an external magnetic field, which limits their implementation in dense, large-scale chips. Here we demonstrate a method for performing all-electric logic operations and cascading using domain-wall racetracks. We exploit the chiral coupling between neighbouring magnetic domains induced by the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction17-20, which promotes non-collinear spin alignment, to realize a domain-wall inverter, the essential basic building block in all implementations of Boolean logic. We then fabricate reconfigurable NAND and NOR logic gates, and perform operations with current-induced domain-wall motion. Finally, we cascade several NAND gates to build XOR and full adder gates, demonstrating electrical control of magnetic data and device interconnection in logic circuits. Our work provides a viable platform for scalable all-electric magnetic logic, paving the way for memory-in-logic applications.

BackgroundRecent trials including DIRECT-MT, DEVT, and SKIP have found that direct mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is equally effective as the combination of MT and intravenous thrombolysis. However, the results of the other trials, namely MR-CLEAN NO-IV and the SWIFT-DIRECT trial have failed to confirm the non-inferiority of direct MT vs. the combination therapy.AimWe aimed to identify prognostic factors of direct MT for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 4.5 h.Materials and MethodsData from January 2018 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Adult patients with confirmed anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 4.5 h of onset with baseline NIHSS of ≥6 and baseline ASPECTS of ≥6 treated using direct MT within 6 h were recruited.ResultsA total of 140 patients were enrolled in the study with a median age of 65.5 years [interquartile range (IQR), 59–76.5], median baseline NIHSS of 13.5 (IQR, 11–16), and median baseline ASPECTS of 8 (IQR, 7–8). Direct MT was feasible in all patients (100%). Successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b-3) was achieved in 124/140 patients (88.6%) with a low rate of complications (8/140, 5.7%). Any type of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH occurred in 44/140 (31.4%) and 5/140 (3.6%), respectively. Overall, a good outcome (mRS 0–2) was achieved in 93/140 (66.4%), and the mortality rate was 9.3% (13/140 patients). Using multivariate analysis, lower age [odds ratio (OR), 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92–1.00; P = 0.05], low baseline NIHSS (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92; P = 0.00), and absence of ICH (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10–0.81; P = 0.02) were independently associated with favorable outcome. Independent predictors of mortality were baseline NIHSS (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01–1.46; P = 0.04), successful reperfusion (OR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.00–0.58; P = 0.02), and ICH (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02–0.75; P = 0.02). Further analysis showed that the median mRS at 90 days was significantly better in the MCA occlusion group compared to the ICA plus M1 occlusion group [1 (IQR 0–3) vs. 2 (IQR 1–4); P = 0.05].ConclusionsOur findings suggest that direct thrombectomy may be an adequate clinical option for younger patients (≤70) experiencing proximal middle artery occlusion within 4.5 h and who have low baseline NIHSS (≤14).

Binary metal sulfides have been explored as sodium storage materials owing to their high theoretical capacity and high stable cyclability. Nevertheless, their relative high charge voltage and relatively low practical capacity make them less attractive as an anode material. To resolve the problem, addition of alloying elements is considerable. Copper antimony sulfide is investigated as a representative case. In this study, we do not only perform electrochemical characterization on CuSbS

Photonic integrated circuits and mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers have attracted significant attention over the years because of the numerous applications enabled by these compact semiconductor chips. In this paper, we demonstrate low loss passive waveguides and highly efficient arrayed waveguide gratings that can be used, for example, to beam combine infrared (IR) laser arrays. The waveguide structure used consists of an In0.53Ga0.47As core and InP cladding layers. This material system was chosen because of its compatibility with future monolithic integration with quantum cascade lasers. Different photonic circuits were fabricated using standard semiconductor processes, and experiments conducted with these chips demonstrated low-loss waveguides with an estimated propagation loss of ∼ 1.2 dB/cm as well as micro-ring resonators with an intrinsic Q-factor of 174,000. Arrayed waveguide gratings operating in the 5.15–5.34 µm range feature low insertion loss and non-uniformity of ∼ 0.9 dB and ∼ 0.6 dB, respectively. The demonstration of the present photonic circuits paves the path toward monolithic fabrication of compact infrared light sources with advanced functionalities beneficial to many chemical sensing and high-power applications.

In this work, the combination of two advanced oxidation processes, electro-Fenton (hydroxyl radical ●OH generated by reactions on cathode) and anodic oxidation (●OH produced directly on anode), in the same reactor was studied to evaluate the treatment of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous solutions. This electrochemical system was equipped with a commercial carbon felt cathode (9.5cm 12cm), lead dioxide-coated titanium anode (10 12cm), direct current (DC) and continuously aerated. The effects of operating parameters such as pH, applied current (I), catalyst concentration ([Fe2+]) and MB concentration (C0) on MB removal efficiency were investigated through monitoring MB concentration at different times by spectrophotometric method. An optimal process was achieved at the condition of [Fe2+] = 0.1 mM; pH 3.0; [Na2SO4] = 0.05 M; i = 2.5 mA.cm-2 and after 60 minutes of electrolysis, 92.19% of MB was removed which was far higher than the figure obtained by using individually electro-Fenton (73.77%) or anodic oxidation (58.04%). These experimental results have demonstrated that the combination of electro-Fenton and anodic oxidation using Ti/PbO2 electrode is a prospective method for destruction of persistent dyes.

The research is taken to integrate the effects of variable selection approaches, as well as sampling techniques, to the performance of a model to predict the financial distress for companies whose stocks are traded on securities exchanges of Vietnam. A firm is financially distressed when its stocks are delisted as requirement from Vietnam Stock Exchange because of making a loss in 3 consecutive years or having accumulated a loss greater than the company’s equity. There are 12 models, constructed differently in feature selection methods, sampling techniques, and classifiers. The feature selection methods are factor analysis and F-score selection, while 3 sets of data samples are chosen by choice-based method with different percentages of financially distressed firms. In terms of classifying technique, logistic regression together with SVM are used in these models. Data are collected from listed firms in Vietnam from 2009 to 2017 for 1, 2 and 3 years before the announcement of their delisting requirement. The experiment’s results highlight the outperformance of the SVM model with F-score selection method in a data sample containing the highest percentage of non-financially distressed firms.

BACKGROUND: Thrombectomy is recommended to treat for an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patient with anterior large vessel occlusion. However, there were neither detailed guidelines nor systematic reviews of acute ischemic stroke patients having multiple times or re-occluded arteries. CASE REPORT: In our case report, we struggled a multiple (4-times) AIS patient underwent by one intravenous r-tpA and 3 remaining of endovascular treatment of thrombectomy. Especially, the finding of both pulmonary embolism and cerebral arteries occlusion in this patient made us difficult to decide the appropriate treatment plan. The patient was considered having multiple cardiac thrombi pumping out to the brain and pulmonary vessels even in treatment with NOAC (New Oral Anticoagulant). Our priority, normally, was to recanalize the brain vessels compared to the pulmonary arteries. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, based on this noticed case study, we want to share our experiences on the diagnosis of ischemic stroke, the strategy in treatment and prevention with anticoagulant therapy.

One-dimensional zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have excellent electron mobility and exhibit great potential for photoelectric or photochemical applications. However, poor visible light absorption and rapid surface charge recombination are bottleneck for promoting its applications. In this work, plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and dielectric silicon oxide (SiO2) are deposited on the surface of ZnO nanorods to tune their photoelectric performance. The localized surface plasmon resonance of Au NPs extends the absorption spectrum to visible region. The surface passivation with dielectric SiO2 layer suppresses the photoexcited electron-hole recombination. By rational integration of the configuration, it is found that dielectric spacer (ZnO-SiO2-Au) shows obvious photocurrent improvement. While dielectric shell-coating (ZnO-Au-SiO2) dramatically leads to an outstanding photocurrent enhancement, which is ∼4–28 times higher than that of the other counterparts. The enhanced performance is ascribed to its effectiveness for spatially separating electron-hole pairs and optimizing photo-absorption properties of the metal-semiconductor system. This strategy provides new insights into fabrication of high performance light harvesting antenna, and stands for a basis to design solar-active systems.

Background Healthy behaviors are crucial for maintaining a person’s health and well-being. The effects of health behavior interventions are mediated by individual and contextual factors that vary over time. Recently emerging smartphone-based ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) can use real-time user reports (ecological momentary assessments [EMAs]) to trigger appropriate support when needed in daily life. Objective This systematic review aims to assess the characteristics of smartphone-delivered EMIs using self-reported EMAs in relation to their effects on health behaviors, user engagement, and user perspectives. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in June 2019 and updated the search in March 2020. We included experimental studies that incorporated EMIs based on EMAs delivered through smartphone apps to promote health behaviors in any health domain. Studies were independently screened. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. We performed a narrative synthesis of intervention effects, user perspectives and engagement, and intervention design and characteristics. Quality appraisal was conducted for all included studies. Results We included 19 papers describing 17 unique studies and comprising 652 participants. Most studies were quasi-experimental (13/17, 76%), had small sample sizes, and great heterogeneity in intervention designs and measurements. EMIs were most popular in the mental health domain (8/17, 47%), followed by substance abuse (3/17, 18%), diet, weight loss, physical activity (4/17, 24%), and smoking (2/17, 12%). Of the 17 studies, the 4 (24%) included randomized controlled trials reported nonstatistically significant effects on health behaviors, and 4 (24%) quasi-experimental studies reported statistically significant pre-post improvements in self-reported primary outcomes, namely depressive (P Conclusions The use of smartphone-delivered EMIs using self-reported EMAs to promote behavior change is an emerging area of research, with few studies evaluating efficacy. Such interventions could present an opportunity to enhance health but need further assessment in larger participant cohorts and well-designed evaluations following reporting checklists. Future research should explore combining self-reported EMAs of subjective experiences with objective data passively collected via sensors to promote personalization while minimizing user burden, as well as explore different EMA data collection methods (eg, chatbots). Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42019138739; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=138739

Background: To date, the role of bridging intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy (MTE) is controversial but still recommended in eligible patients. Different doses of intravenous alteplase have been used for treating patients with acute ischemic stroke from large-vessel occlusion (LVO-AIS) in Asia, largely due to variations in the risks for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and treatment affordability. Uncertainty exists over the potential benefits of treating low-dose alteplase, as opposed to standard-dose alteplase, prior to MTE among patients with LVO-AIS.Aim: The aim of the study was to compare outcomes of low- vs. standard-dose of bridging intravenous alteplase before MTE among LVO-AIS patients.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of LVO-AIS patients who were treated with either 0.6 mg/kg or 0.9 mg/kg alteplase prior to MTE at a stroke center in Northern Vietnam. Multivariable logistic regression models, accounting for potential confounding factors including comorbidities and clinical factors (e.g., stroke severity), were used to compare the outcomes between the two groups. Our primary outcome was functional independence at 90 days following stroke (modified Rankin score; mRS ≤ 2). Secondary outcomes included any ICH incidence, early neurological improvement, recanalization rate, and 90-day mortality.Results: We analyzed data of 107 patients receiving bridging therapy, including 73 with low-dose and 34 with standard-dose alteplase before MTE. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in functional independence at 90 days (adjusted OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.29–3.52) after accounting for potential confounding factors. Compared to the standard-dose group, patients with low-dose alteplase before MTE had similar rates of successful recanalization, early neurological improvement, 90-day mortality, and ICH complications.Conclusion: In the present study, patients with low-dose alteplase before MTE were found to achieve comparable clinical outcomes compared to those receiving standard-dose alteplase bridging with MTE. The findings suggest potential benefits of low-dose alteplase in bridging therapy for Asian populations, but this needs to be confirmed by further clinical trials.

Control design plays a major part in electrostatic linear comb actuator (ELCA) systems. Most existing control methods of ECLA mainly focus on traditional PID method. However, proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is only appropriate for the reference to be known as constant. In this article, the problem of establishing the dynamic model and designing the controller is investigated for ECLA working in the time-varying reference. The tracking effectiveness is constructed for ECLA systems based on the consideration of roots of the equivalent differential equation in tracking error model. Moreover, the convergence velocity is also tuned by changing the parameters in the presented control scheme. Simulation results guarantee the performance of the nonlinear control scheme as well as dynamic model to be established.

We live in a society defined by constant growth. This is exemplified by information technologies which, over a time period of only a few decades, have transformed our way of life. This rapid expansion has relied heavily on there being ”plenty of room at the bottom”. However, as we are faced with the physical limitations of continuous miniaturization, there is a need for a new paradigm to support the growing computing power requirements of our society. The field of spintronics provides us with several opportunities to increase the functionality of electronic devices in a sustainable way. After the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance and the tunneling magnetoresistance, which have revolutionized data storage technologies, scientists have continued to unravel novel effects and propose new applications that exploit the interplay of charge and spin degrees of freedom in electronic devices. In the last decade, a growing number of ways to measure and manipulate the magnetic state, which is used to store data, have arisen. One common thread in modern spintronics is the importance of interfaces. In this thesis, we deal with a specific type of interface, that is both well-known, and often overlooked: ferromagnet/oxide interfaces. Specifically, we explore two main areas: firstly, magnetotransport and current-induced SOTs, and secondly, the tuning of magnetic anisotropies to induce chiral effects. To investigate the resulting physical phenomena, both parts of this work have involved the development of new fabrication techniques as well as data acquisition and analysis methodologies. To investigate the magnetotransport of ferromagnet/oxide interfaces, we study model systems consisting of Fe/oxide heterostructures epitaxially grown on MgO(001). Our investigation reveals that current-induced effects that are typical of heavy metal/ ferromagnet bilayers, such as spin-orbit torques and unidirectional magnetoresistance, also exist in Fe/oxide systems. In addition, the crystallinity of the Fe is imprinted onto these effects, resulting in a dependence on the orientation of the current relative to the crystal lattice. Our results show that charge-spin conversion effects do not require the presence of heavy metals as the source of spin currents. Moreover, they show that subtle differences in the morphology and chemical composition of the interfaces can produce sizable changes of the spin-orbit torques and unidirectional magnetoresistance. Besides playing a role in the magnetotransport properties, oxide interfaces can also influence the magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnets. In this thesis, we exploit the interface-mediated anisotropy in Pt/Co/AlOx to induce what we coined ”lateral chiral coupling”. This coupling requires nanoscale ontrol over the magnetic anisotropy as it makes use of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, which has a very short range. For this purpose, we combined state-of-the-art fabrication techniques to develop a new process, which opened the door to the fabrication of laterally coupled in-plane and out-of-plane magnetized regions of the same layer. The effect of the lateral chiral coupling is manifold, leading to the exchange bias of adjacent in-plane and out-of-plane magnetized regions and the antiferromagnetic coupling of out-of-plane nanomagnets mediated by an in-plane spacer region. Moreover, the lateral coupling enables field-free magnetization switching using spin-orbit torques, as well as domain nucleation sites with reconfigurable energy barriers. The results of this thesis highlight the potential of ferromagnet/oxide interfaces to tune the magnetic ground state of singlelayer ferromagnets as well as their magnetotransport properties and current-induced spin-orbit torques.

This paper presents a low-power power management IC (PMIC) for Thermal Electric Generator (TEG) applications that includes investigation, demonstration, and comparison between two hybrid DC-DC converters. Both converters employs an input inductive step-up stage and an output switched-capacitor stage. The first converter, a 2-stage boost converter (2SBC), has a Boost stage connected in series with a switched-capacitor doubler, fully integrated with all control and regulation circuits. The second converter is an open-loop three-level boost converter (3LBC). Both converters are designed in a single prototype chip, fabricated in a 180-nm process. The PMIC’s self-start operation is verified at a minimum voltage of 50mV. The functionality of both converters are verified to match with simulation results, achieving above 50% efficiency for a wide range of loads. The peak efficiencies of 65% and 83% are achieved for the 2-stage boost converter and the three level boost converter at 150mV and 180mV input voltages, respectively.

To bolster the drive for economic and social development in Vietnam, 31 coal-fired power plants were constructed to meet the demand for electricity. According to a survey by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, approximately 20.5 million tons of coal ash will be generated in 2020. A part of the generated coal ash was recycled as landfill; however, the rest lies unused or discarded, causing serious environmental pollution. Since fly ash (FA) forms a major component of coal ash, it is necessary to establish methods for the safe, continuous, and effective use of FA. This study compared the Vietnamese National Standards with the Japanese Industrial Standards from the perspective of using FA as an admixture in concrete. Japanese FA was used in the experiments. Consequently, by using suitable amounts of chemical admixtures and adjusting the ratio of FA as a cement replacement and as a fine aggregate replacement, structural concrete can be manufactured, and the required quality can be assured.

Given that the one-size-fits-all approach to mobile health interventions have limited effects, a personalized approach might be necessary to promote healthy behaviors and prevent chronic conditions. Our systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized mobile interventions on lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption), and identify the effective key features of such interventions. We included any experimental trials that tested a personalized mobile app or fitness tracker and reported any lifestyle behavior measures. We conducted a narrative synthesis for all studies, and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Thirty-nine articles describing 31 interventions were included (n = 77,243, 64% women). All interventions personalized content and rarely personalized other features. Source of data included system-captured (12 interventions), user-reported (11 interventions) or both (8 interventions). The meta-analysis showed a moderate positive effect on lifestyle behavior outcomes (standardized difference in means [SDM] 0.663, 95% CI 0.228 to 1.10). A meta-regression model including source of data found that interventions that used system-captured data for personalization were associated with higher effectiveness than those that used user-reported data (SDM 1.48, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.19). In summary, the field is in its infancy, with preliminary evidence of the potential efficacy of personalization in improving lifestyle behaviors. Source of data for personalization might be important in determining intervention effectiveness. To fully exploit the potential of personalization, future high-quality studies should investigate the integration of multiple data from different sources and include personalized features other than content.

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of physical activity interventions involving mobile applications (apps) or trackers with automated and continuous self-monitoring and feedback.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed and seven additional databases, from 2007 to 2020.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials in adults (18–65 years old) without chronic illness, testing a mobile app or an activity tracker, with any comparison, where the main outcome was a physical activity measure. Independent screening was conducted.Data extraction and synthesisWe conducted random effects meta-analysis and all effect sizes were transformed into standardised difference in means (SDM). We conducted exploratory metaregression with continuous and discrete moderators identified as statistically significant in subgroup analyses.Main outcome measuresPhysical activity: daily step counts, min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, weekly days exercised, min/week of total physical activity, metabolic equivalents.ResultsThirty-five studies met inclusion criteria and 28 were included in the meta-analysis (n=7454 participants, 28% women). The meta-analysis showed a small-to-moderate positive effect on physical activity measures (SDM 0.350, 95% CI 0.236 to 0.465, I2=69%, T2=0.051) corresponding to 1850 steps per day (95% CI 1247 to 2457). Interventions including text-messaging and personalisation features were significantly more effective in subgroup analyses and metaregression.ConclusionInterventions using apps or trackers seem to be effective in promoting physical activity. Longer studies are needed to assess the impact of different intervention components on long-term engagement and effectiveness.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is known as a degenerative neurological progression that causes the loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex. The cognitive functions are gradually impaired over several to 20 years and no current cure. It is crucial for timely conversion prediction to AD in its earliest phrase. In this study, we propose a novel recurrent neural network (RNN) model to obtain biomarkers of brain and clinical diagnosis of each subject from only one to indefinitely forecast the biomarkers and clinical diagnosis at each timepoint in the future. However, unexpected missing observations is a common issue in longitudinal data. Moreover, in recurrent dynamical systems, gates should be closer to 1 to propagate more information from earlier time steps to later ones. Two strategies are explored to handle missing data and improve gating mechanisms in recurrent neural network to boost performance. Empirically, our gating mechanisms robustly improve the performance when longitudinal data is utilized. On the baseline dataset from The Alzheimer's Disease Prediction Of Longitudinal Evolution (TADPOLE) challenge, our proposal outperforms the conventional recurrent neural network in term of multi-class Area Under Curve (mAUC) which achieving 0.79734 ± 0.01785.

In recent years, deep learning has dominated medical image segmentation. Encoder-decoder architectures, such as U-Net, can be used in state-of-the-art models with powerful designs that are achieved by implementing skip connections that propagate local information from an encoder path to a decoder path to retrieve detailed spatial information lost by pooling operations. Despite their effectiveness for segmentation, these na&iuml, ve skip connections still have some disadvantages. First, multi-scale skip connections tend to use unnecessary information and computational sources, where likable low-level encoder features are repeatedly used at multiple scales. Second, the contextual information of the low-level encoder feature is insufficient, leading to poor performance for pixel-wise recognition when concatenating with the corresponding high-level decoder feature. In this study, we propose a novel spatial-channel attention gate that addresses the limitations of plain skip connections. This can be easily integrated into an encoder-decoder network to effectively improve the performance of the image segmentation task. Comprehensive results reveal that our spatial-channel attention gate remarkably enhances the segmentation capability of the U-Net architecture with a minimal computational overhead added. The experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms the conventional deep networks in term of Dice score, which achieves 71.72%.

BACKGROUND Healthy behaviors are crucial for maintaining a person’s health and well-being. The effects of health behavior interventions are mediated by individual and contextual factors that vary over time. Recently emerging smartphone-based ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) can use real-time user reports (ecological momentary assessments [EMAs]) to trigger appropriate support when needed in daily life. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to assess the characteristics of smartphone-delivered EMIs using self-reported EMAs in relation to their effects on health behaviors, user engagement, and user perspectives. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in June 2019 and updated the search in March 2020. We included experimental studies that incorporated EMIs based on EMAs delivered through smartphone apps to promote health behaviors in any health domain. Studies were independently screened. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. We performed a narrative synthesis of intervention effects, user perspectives and engagement, and intervention design and characteristics. Quality appraisal was conducted for all included studies. RESULTS We included 19 papers describing 17 unique studies and comprising 652 participants. Most studies were quasi-experimental (13/17, 76%), had small sample sizes, and great heterogeneity in intervention designs and measurements. EMIs were most popular in the mental health domain (8/17, 47%), followed by substance abuse (3/17, 18%), diet, weight loss, physical activity (4/17, 24%), and smoking (2/17, 12%). Of the 17 studies, the 4 (24%) included randomized controlled trials reported nonstatistically significant effects on health behaviors, and 4 (24%) quasi-experimental studies reported statistically significant pre-post improvements in self-reported primary outcomes, namely depressive (PP=.03), drinking frequency (PP=.01). EMA was commonly used to capture subjective experiences as well as behaviors, whereas sensors were rarely used. Generally, users perceived EMIs to be helpful. Common suggestions for improvement included enhancing personalization, multimedia and interactive capabilities (eg, voice recording), and lowering the EMA reporting burden. EMI and EMA components were rarely reported and were not described in a standardized manner across studies, hampering progress in this field. A reporting checklist was developed to facilitate the interpretation and comparison of findings and enhance the transparency and replicability of future studies using EMAs and EMIs. CONCLUSIONS The use of smartphone-delivered EMIs using self-reported EMAs to promote behavior change is an emerging area of research, with few studies evaluating efficacy. Such interventions could present an opportunity to enhance health but need further assessment in larger participant cohorts and well-designed evaluations following reporting checklists. Future research should explore combining self-reported EMAs of subjective experiences with objective data passively collected via sensors to promote personalization while minimizing user burden, as well as explore different EMA data collection methods (eg, chatbots). CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO CRD42019138739; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=138739

The formation of lithium sulfides as discharge products imparts high specific energy density to lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs), however, the involvement of soluble intermediates in the battery reaction makes it challenging to achieve it reversibly for extended cycles. The precise understanding of phase transitions from the soluble intermediates to solid discharge products would aid in fundamentally resolving practical issues involving the intermediates, and thus allow the realization of long-lived high-energy-density LSBs. Herein, we utilize liquid in situ transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) to probe detailed liquid–solid reaction processes. It reveals that the surface nature of the host materials of the polysulfides critically influences the growth mechanism of lithium sulfides. It is elucidated that polar hosts induce instantaneous nucleation of lithium sulfides, followed by diffusion-controlled-to-reaction-limited growth kinetics and a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition. Moreover, it is verified that polysulfides are better immobilized in polar hosts, whereas polysulfide diffusion through nonpolar hosts is evidently observed, leading to the eventual degradation of cells. Based on these findings, an optimal host structure for sulfur is proposed, where the dual walls of polar (inner)/nonpolar (outer) spheres confine the polysulfides. The new cathode exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance, retaining a capacity of 4.3 mA h cm−2 over 400 cycles at a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 6.8 ml g−1, which rivals state-of-the-art LSBs. This work contributes the first liquid in situ TEM study of liquid–solid phase evolution for high energy electrode materials.

The foundations of nuclear medicine in Vietnam were established from 1970. Until now, after 48 years of development, in Vietnam, we have some basic equipment including 31 SPECT, 4 SPECT/CT machines, 11 PET/CT scanners, five cyclotrons, and one nuclear reactor. Many nuclear medicine techniques in diagnosis and treatment have been routinely performed at provincial and central level health facilities such as tumor scintigraphy, thyroid scintigraphy, bone scintigraphy, kidney scintigraphy, cardiac scintigraphy, and radio-isotope therapy with I-131 and P-32. Selective internal radiation therapy with Y-90 microsphere and I-125 radioactive seed implantation has been also successfully applied in some big hospitals. However, there are still many difficulties for Vietnam as the lack of new widely used radioisotopes such as Ga-67, Cu-64, Samarium-153, and Lutetium-177 and the lack of nuclear medicine specialists. In the future, we are putting our efforts on the applications of new isotopes in diagnosis and treatment of cancers (theranostic) like Ga-68-DOTATATE, Lutetium-177-DOTATATE, Ga-68-PSMA, and Lutetium-177-PSMA, equipping modern nuclear medicine diagnostic tools, strengthening the human resources training in nuclear medicine. At the same time, we are trying our best to strengthen the cooperation with international nuclear medicine societies in over the world.

Objective: to evaluate predictors the risk of symptomatic intracerebral heamorrhage after thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. Methods: observative study on 54 patients with acute ischemic stroke at Emergency Department, Bach Mai hospital from 01/2010 to 10/2016. Results: Predictors the risk of symptomatic intracerebral heamorrhage were: age above 70 (OR 2,76; 95% CI 0,73 – 10,52; p = 0,12), time from onset to treatment (OR 1,03; 95% CI 0,34 – 3,13; p = 0,95), systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg (OR 2,0; 95% CI 0,61 – 6,51; p = 0,24), NIHSS score above 12 (OR 3,13; 95% CI 0,63 – 15,51; p = 0,138), glycemia above 10 mmol/l (OR 8,94; 95% CI 1,51 – 51,73; p = 0,003), fibrillation atrial (OR 1,49; 95% 0,49 – 4,56; p = 0,33), history of diebete (OR 6,4; 95% CI 0,67 – 61,03; p = 0,06), history of anticoagulation (OR 1,07; 95% CI 0,22 – 5,11; p = 0,63), history of cerebral infarction (OR 1,49; 95% CI 0,183 – 12,184; p = 0,707), sign of early brain CT (OR 6,14; 95% CI 1,01 – 39,93; p = 0,048). Conclusion: glucose above 10 mmol/l and sign of early brain CT were predictors the risk of symptomatic intracerebral heamorrhage after thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. Key words: stroke, thrombolysis, predictor, heamorrhage conversion

Purpose: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) activity may be enhanced with ultrasound, 2 MHz transcranial Doppler (TCD). We performed the trial to determine the efficacy of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis compared to the current standard of care (intravenous rtPA). Subjects and methods: We treated 80 patients who had acute ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with intravenous rtPA within 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms. The patients were randomly assigned to receive continuous 2-MHz transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (the target group) or placebo (the control group). The primary combined end point was complete recanalization as assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and dramatic clinical recovery at 2 hours. Complete recanalization was defined as thrombolysis in brain ischemia (TIBI) flow grades 4-5. Secondary end points included recovery at 24 hours, a favorable outcome at three months. Results: A total of 80 patients were randomly assigned to receive continuous ultrasonography (40 patients) or placebo (40 patients). Complete recanalization and dramatic clinical recovery within two hours after the administration of a rtPA bolus occurred in 13 patients in the target group (32,5%), as compared with 8 patients in the control group (20%) (P=0.038). At three months, 22 patients in the target group who were eligible for follow-up analysis (55%) and 13 in the control group (32,5%) had favorable outcomes (as indicated by a score of 0 to 1 on the modified Rankin scale) (P=0.012). Intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in five patients in the target group and in four in the control group. Conclusion: In patients with acute ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, continuous transcranial Doppler augments rtPA-induced arterial recanalization, with an increased rate of recovery from stroke, as compared with placebo. Continuous 2-MHz transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for 2 hours is safe. Key words: Stroke, transcranial Doppler, tissue plasminogen activator

BACKGROUND: The cerebral arterial aneurysm, especially in the circumstances of ateriovenous malformation (AVM), has higher risk of rupture than normal isolated aneursym. Therefore, the treatment strategy needs to be plan very carefully in such case. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a patient with 2 wide-neck aneurysms located in the feeding artery of the arteriovenous malformation and he, then, was treated by using Surpass stent (flow-diverter) to eliminate the aneurysms. CONCLUSION: In our case, multiple wide-neck aneurysms in combination with low risk unruptured AVM, using long Surpass stent-diversion is an effective way to eliminate all the aneurysms in the main feeding artery while still preserving the AVM anatomy.

Monolayered MoS2 is energetically most stable when it has a 1H phase, but 1H to 1T phase transition (1H→1T) is easily realized by various ways. Even though magnetic moment is not observed during 1H1T, 0.049 µB/MoS2 is obtained in local 1T phase; 75% 2H and 25% 1T phases are mixed in (2×2) supercell. Furthermore, non-negligible magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) energy is occured. Most magnetic moment as well as MCA are originated by 1T phased Mo atom5 in the supercell, while electronic structures of other atoms are similar to non-magnetic. Due to this, magnetic/non-magnetic boundary is created in the monolayered MoS2. Our result suggests that MoS2 can be applied for spintronics such as a spin transistor.

Memory and logic devices that encode information in magnetic domains rely on the controlled injection of domain walls to reach their full potential. In this work, we exploit the chiral coupling induced by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction between in-plane and out-of-plane magnetized regions of a Pt/Co/AlO\textsubscript{x} trilayer in combination with current-driven spin-orbit torques to control the injection of domain walls into magnetic conduits. We demonstrate that the current-induced domain nucleation is strongly inhibited for magnetic configurations stabilized by the chiral coupling and promoted for those that have the opposite chirality. These configurations allow for efficient domain wall injection using current densities of the order of $4\times$\SI{e11}{A m^{-2}}, which are lower than those used in other injection schemes. Furthermore, by setting the orientation of the in-plane magnetization using an external field, we demonstrate the use of a chiral domain wall injector to create a controlled sequence of alternating domains in a racetrack structure driven by a steady stream of unipolar current pulses.

In article number 1900264, Jong Min Yuk and co‐workers visualize four types of semi‐coherent boundaries formed during sodiation in copper sulfide utilizing high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The semi‐coherent boundaries do not only act as mechanical pillars for pulverization‐tolerance, but also provide additional sodium transport paths for capacity recovery. The novel sodiation mechanism enables exceptionally stable sodium storage in copper sulfide.

Finding suitable electrode materials is one of the challenges for the commercialization of a sodium ion battery due to its pulverization accompanied by high volume expansion upon sodiation. Here, copper sulfide is suggested as a superior electrode material with high capacity, high rate, and long‐term cyclability owing to its unique conversion reaction mechanism that is pulverization‐tolerant and thus induces the capacity recovery. Such a desirable consequence comes from the combined effect among formation of stable grain boundaries, semi‐coherent boundaries, and solid‐electrolyte interphase layers. The characteristics enable high cyclic stability of a copper sulfide electrode without any need of size and morphological optimization. This work provides a key finding on high‐performance conversion reaction based electrode materials for sodium ion batteries.

Spin-based logic architectures provide nonvolatile data retention, near-zero leakage, and scalability, extending the technology roadmap beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor logic