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GBSVM (Granular-ball Support Vector Machine) is an important attempt to use the coarse granularity of a granular-ball as the input to construct a classifier instead of a data point. It is the first classifier whose input contains no points, i.e., $x_i$, in the history of machine learning. However, on the one hand, its dual model is not derived, and the algorithm has not been implemented and can not be applied. On the other hand, there are some errors in its existing model. To address these problems, this paper has fixed the errors of the original model of GBSVM, and derived its dual model. Furthermore, an algorithm is designed using particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the dual model. The experimental results on the UCI benchmark datasets demonstrate that GBSVM has good robustness and efficiency.

Weakly disordered two-dimensional (2D) superconductors can host richer quantum phase transitions than their highly-disordered counterparts. This is due to the insertion of a metallic state in the transition between a superconductor and an insulator. Disorders were predicted to show profound influences on the boundaries surrounding this intermediate metallic phase, affecting the existence of a metallic ground state called Bose metal and the dynamic processes in a quantum Griffiths state. Here we present a study on quantum phase transitions of a clean 2D superconductor, MoS2, under a perpendicular magnetic field as a function of disorder strength that is tuned electrostatically. We found two universal scaling behaviors independent of disorders: a power-law scaling applies for all metallic states, and an activated dynamical scaling characterizes transitions between quantum Griffiths state and weakly localized metal. A study over a range of disorder states in this unexplored clear regime suggests that a Bose metal ground state is expected only after reaching a critical cleanness. Whereas, stronger disorder stabilizes a true 2D superconductivity and enhances the quantum Griffiths phase., 21 pages, 4 figures

Plectropomus leopardus , Promicrops lanceolatus and Cromileptes altivelis are high-value groupers in chinese aquatic product market and are substituted by cheaper ones sometimes due to economic profit. In this study, real-time PCR methods for identification of these groupers were developed. Species-specific primers and probes were designed on the basis of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA sequences of groupers and other fishes. The specificity of the real time PCR assays were tested with a total of 51 specimens of fish, meat and poultry. Amplifications were observed in specific species only. The methods developed were accurate and rapid and offered the potential to detect fraudulent or unintentional mislabeling of these species in routine seafood authentication analysis.

Mg doping and graphite coating are applied to the LCO materials at the same time, thereby improving the structural stability of the LCO and the electrode conductivity at the same time. cLCO-0.02Mg displays the best cycle performance with a high capacity of 146.2 mAh/g after 60 cycles, corresponding to the 79% capacity retention of the initial discharge capacity. And cLCO-0.02Mg displays the best rate performance among the three samples with a high capacity of 41.1 mAh/g at 5 C. Mg doping helps to improve the structure stability, resulting in improving the cycle stability. Graphite coating enhances the electronic conductivity among the LCO particles, indicating a lower internal resistance, thereby resulting in the cycling performance improved.

δ-Na2Si2O5, a potential builder in detergents, was prepared from rice husk ash by a simple sintering at 720 °C for 120 min. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and EDTA titration. The XRD pattern confirmed the crystallization of δ-Na2Si2O5 obtained at 720 °C. The Raman shift at 552 cm−1 and 1052 cm−1 indicated the presence of a layered silicate tetrahedron structure in the sample. The loss of weight when the sample was heated from 120 °C to 516 °C in the TG curve was close to the theoretical weight loss calculated from the reaction formula and a broad exothermic peak at ∼715 °C in the DTA curve demonstrated a phase transformation, consistent with previous reports. The SEM and TEM images indicated the typical structure of δ-Na2Si2O5 crystallization.The sample exhibited an excellent blinding capacity to Ca2+ and Mg2+; the optimal binding capacities were found to be 396 mg/g and 435 mg/g, respectively.

A magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @ silica–xanthan gum composite was easily fabricated as a hybrid adsorbent for the removal and recovery of aqueous Pb 2+ heavy metal. The natural polymer xanthan gum (XG) was fixed on the surface of the magnetic Fe 3 O 4 microspheres through a sol–gel process. The condensation of XG molecule provided active sites for the selective adsorption of Pb 2+ ions from the aqueous solution, and because the composite is magnetically switchable, the process of solid–liquid separation was convenient. Scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetry, and BET surface area determination were utilized for the characterization of the composites. The factors affecting Pb 2+ adsorption in a batch mode were studied including the contact time (30–150 min), the pH of the media (2–10), the adsorbent dosage (0.01–0.2 g/20 mL), and the temperature (303–320 K). The Pb 2+ adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the maximum Pb 2+ sorption capacity was 21.32 mg g −1 at 293 K, pH = 6, according to the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters, including the equilibrium constant ( K 0 = 9.848), the standard free energy change (Δ G 0 = −5.774 kJ mol −1 ), the standard enthalpy change (Δ H 0 = 6.133 kJ mol −1 ), and the standard entropy change (Δ S 0 = 39.21 J mol −1 K −1 ) were discussed. The targeted Pb 2+ could be recovered efficiently using 0.05 mol L −1 HCl. Finally, the Fe 3 O 4 @ silica–XG composites were attmepted for removal of Pb 2+ from battery industry wastewater.

An organic–inorganic bio-hybrid bead composite was fabricated through a sol–gel reaction by trapping and condensing amorphous silica into the network structures of calcium ion cross-linked alginate (CA)–xanthan gum (XG) gel beads. The reinforced silica/CA–XG composite was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and surface area measurement. Pb(II) adsorption by the composites was investigated in a batch mode by changing the relevant parameters which included solid/liquid ratio, contact time, pH, temperature, effect of co-existing metal ions and particle size. The analysis of the equilibrium data at 293 K was more appropriate for the Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum adsorption capacity standing at 18.9 mg Pb g−1. It evidenced that Pb(II) adsorption was based on chemical binding process, along with intra-particle diffusion contribution. Experiments carried out at 293 and 313 K enabled the evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process, namely ΔG0 (−5 kJ mol−1), ΔH0 (7.20 kJ mol−1) and ΔS0 (18.0 J mol−1 K−1); it was revealed as a spontaneous and endothermic process. 0.5 mol L−1 HCl was recommended for composite regeneration and Pb(II) recovery. Fixed bed experiment was attempted for treatment of Pb(II)-bearing battery industrial wastewater with an efficient level of reversible performance through an extended period of time. Overall, the proposed silica/CA–XG composite would be a very promising adsorbent for lead removal and recovery from aqueous solutions, with remarkable advantages in terms of biocompatibility, recyclability, ease of operation and low cost.

This paper describes a protection circuit based on the STM32F103 processor used for a power lithium battery pack. The protection circuits from overcharge voltage and current and short circuiting of the battery pack are built into the system and include data collection, an equilibrium module, and switching protection. The control strategy regarding battery temperature and voltage equalization between single cell batteries is discussed.