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Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar as etapas de construção de um instrumento de medida, das crenças dos trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem, frente ao acidente de trabalho com fluido biológico. Método: Estudo metodológico, baseado na teoria de elaboração de instrumental psicológico. Para a construção do instrumento, foi realizada a validação de conteúdo composta por procedimentos teóricos descritos em 3 etapas. Resultado: A elaboração dos itens, a avaliação dos juízes e a análise semântica resultaram em um instrumento composto por 37 itens em sua primeira versão. Conclusão: A construção desse instrumento poderá trazer maior visibilidade para a área da saúde do trabalhador em enfermagem e a ocorrência de exposições ocupacionais envolvendo os fluidos biológicos.

Este estudo busca investigar o desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores da memória e da imaginação no momento da brincadeira de faz de conta. A pesquisa está fundamentada na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural que contempla o desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores, considerando que o processo de desenvolvimento cultural da criança é o alicerce para a constituição das funções psíquicas. Partindo desse referencial teórico, a pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, foi realizada com os seguintes recursos metodológicos: investigação participativa e a observação. Com este estudo, foi possível ampliar a discussão teórica sobre como se constituiu a brincadeira de faz de conta mesmo em um momento de isolamento e distanciamento social no cotidiano da Educação Infantil, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da memória e da imaginação.

Using a multidisciplinary approach, this chapter examines how Tandas (ROSCA) and cooperativas (cooperatives) are part of a system of social purpose business arrangements of mutual aid and group economics that assist in the integration of precarious immigrants to the United States. Historical political dynamics have set legal restrictions limiting the legal migration of people from Latin America to the United States; hence, vulnerable working-class Latin American immigrants entering the United States to work arrive into racialized economic environments where they are forced to function as full participants in society via direct engagement in the informal and gig economy. This chapter examines two case studies of indigenous Latin American immigrants organizing their social capital to bring together economic resources, in the form of formal community worker-owned cooperativas or under informal financial arrangements called Tandas that help them survive and integrate into local communities. Cooperativas and Tandas support community-based entrepreneurship that aids undocumented immigrants in their economic survival and integration. Immigrants of indigenous backgrounds have a long history of pooling economic resources to finance their activities outside the formal economy. Theories of immigrant integration combined with an analysis of racial capitalist theory help explain how capitalism and racism intertwined create an environment of limited resources that truncate social and economic mobility for poor Black and brown immigrants entering local US urban communities. Faced with limited options for economic survival, these immigrants tap into their collectives and cultural support systems to survive and develop their livelihoods in American business and society.

Introducción: Se evaluará el uso de la hormona adrenocorticotropa como tratamiento del síndrome de West (síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut) y el tiempo requerido para la progresión hacia la evolución grave. Existen escasos datos sobre esta patología para nuestra población. Material y Métodos: Se trata de una cohorte donde se analizaron 139 historias clínicas de pacientes evaluados en dos unidades de pediatría de la ciudad de Lima entre los años 2000 y 2010. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes que cumplían con los criterios: 1) Espasmos masivos, 2) Retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor y 3) Electroencefalograma que mostró hipsarritmia. Se administró hormona adrenocorticotropa como tratamiento posterior al diagnóstico. El período de seguimiento duró 10 años. Resultados: El cociente de riesgo (CR) de la progresión al Síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut en pacientes que utilizaron la hormona adrenocorticotropa en comparación con aquellos sin hormona adrenocorticotropa fue de 0,45 (IC del 95%: 0,24-0,83, p=0,011). El CR de la progresión al Síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut ajustado para todas las variables estudiadas (edad de inicio, sexo, frecuencia de las crisis, etiología y tiempo desde el diagnóstico hasta el inicio del tratamiento) en pacientes que utilizaban la hormona adrenocorticotropa en comparación con aquellos sin hormona adrenocorticotropa fue de 0,56 (IC del 95%: 0,29 a 0,08; p=0,085). Conclusiones: El uso de la hormona corticotropina en pacientes con síndrome de West podría proteger contra la progresión al síndrome Lennox-Gastaut. Consideramos que esto apoya la evidencia encontrada en poblaciones similares a la nuestra, y creemos que este hallazgo podría ser confirmado con ensayos clínicos.

This paper is part of one of the authors’ master’s dissertation and addresses issues related to playing, assuming that children are subjects of rights. In this sense, the research presents what children have to tell us about playing. The research was developed from the cultural-historical approach, defining the role of play in child development. The work’s main objective was to survey what children think about playing and what their preferences are. The methodology was that of qualitative research, with 21 individual interviews, five conversation circles, photographic records, and a field diary about the playing moments in the daily life of an elementary public school. As a result, it was possible to expand the concepts about the children’s participation in early childhood education, based on children’s opinion and not only the adult’s, allowing the researchers to reflect on the spaces and times destined to play in this school period. This paper brings two episodes of conversation circles and a drawing by one of the subjects, emphasizing precisely the importance of careful listening to children and the production of drawings, such as those made after the conversation.

For the preparation of this article, a documentary review was conducted on the writing and publication of research papers related to the study of Criminal Law in order to know, through a bibliometric study, the main characteristics of 187 publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2017-2021 in Ibero-American countries. The data provided by this database were organized in graphs and figures, categorizing the information by variables such as Year of Publication, Country of Origin and Area of Knowledge, which allowed to identify, through qualitative analysis, the position of different authors concerning the proposed topic. One of the main findings of this research was that Brazil stood out as the country with the highest scientific production, leading the list with 66 publications. Likewise, the Knowledge Area that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material related to the study of Criminal Law was Social Sciences, with 153 published documents.

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers studying the variables Criminal Law and Gender Violence. The bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during 2017-2021, identifying 19 publications at the Latin American level. The information provided by the said platform was organized using graphs and figures, categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, the position of different authors on the proposed topic was referenced through qualitative analysis. Among the main findings of this research, it is found that Brazil, with 9 publications, was the country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions of that country. The area of knowledge that made the most significant contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study of Criminal Law and Gender Violence was Social Sciences, with 11 published documents, and the type of publication that was most used during the period mentioned above was the journal article, which represents 84% of the total scientific production.

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre a importância da escuta atenta das crianças em pesquisas e o desenho como fonte de produção artística sobre as brincadeiras preferidas no cotidiano da Educação Infantil. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar produções de desenhos realizados pelas crianças para representar suas brincadeiras preferidas e discutir a importância do brincar para o desenvolvimento infantil, por meio da fundamentação teórica da psicologia histórico-cultural. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa ancorada na abordagem histórico-cultural. Foram realizadas rodas de conversa e registros de desenhos produzidos pelas crianças sobre suas brincadeiras preferidas. Como resultado, foi possível ampliar os conceitos sobre a participação da criança na educação infantil, analisados a partir da opinião da criança e não apenas do adulto, propiciando ainda às pesquisadoras uma reflexão sobre os espaços e tempos destinados ao brincar no cotidiano da Educação Infantil.

This work aimed to evaluate the impact of inoculation single and co-cultivation of LAB and yeasts during the wet process of Coffea canephora using the self-induced anaerobic fermentation method. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Totulaspora delbrueckii delbrueckii, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were monitored during fermentation. L. mesenteroides was detected in high concentrations in the coffee fruits (8.54 log10 cells/mL) and remained until the end of fermentation. Lactic and acetic acids were the main acids produced during fermentation. After 36 h of fermentation, 75.39% of malic acid was consumed in the L. mesenteroides + S. cerevisiae (MC) fermentations. In roasted coffee, the caffeine concentration reached 3.29 higher than the green beans in MC fermentation. Specific volatile compounds were detected in inoculated fermentation and may contribute to the beverage quality. Coffee inoculated with Leuconostoc mesenteroides was classified as fine (80.0-89.0), while the other fermentations were classified as premium (70.0-79.0). L. mesenteroides inoculation showed the best sensory score, and the beverage was characterized by caramel, fruity, and spices notes. L. mesenteroides inoculated alone or in co-culture with S. cerevisiae are promising starter cultures to improve Conilon coffee quality and obtain beverages with differentiated sensory profiles.

Effective antibody responses are essential to generate protective humoral immunity. Different inflammatory signals polarize T cells towards an appropriate effector phenotype during an infection or immunization. Th1 and Th2 cells have been associated with the polarization of humoral responses for several decades. However, it is now established that T follicular helper cells (Tfh) have a unique ability to access the B cell follicle and support the Germinal Centre (GCs) responses by providing help to B cells. We investigated the specialization of Tfh cells induced under type-1 and type-2 conditions. We first studied homogenous Tfh cell populations generated by adoptively transferred TCR-transgenic T cells in mice immunized with type-1 and type-2 adjuvants. Using a machine learning approach, we established a gene expression signature that discriminates Tfh cells polarized towards type-1 and type-2 response, defined as Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells. The Tfh1 and Tfh2 distinct signature was validated against datasets of Tfh cells induced following LCMV or helminth infection. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we also dissected the heterogeneity of Tfh cells from the two immunizing conditions. Our results show that Tfh cells acquire a specialized function under distinct types of immune responses, but with the coexistence of a small population of Tfh cells of the alternative type. Furthermore, the specific molecular hallmarks of Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells identified herein offer putative new targets for tuning humoral responses.

Embora existam muitas discussões em relação ao trabalho com a literatura nas escolas de Educação Infantil, deve-se ressaltar a importância de organizar uma atividade intencional envolvendo um livro-brinquedo como objeto a ser investigado com o olhar ao livro como um “todo”: sejam as cores, formas e não apenas um texto escrito. Porque o livro-brinquedo auxilia na compreensão do que é a materialidade da literatura infantil e promove experiências significativas para as crianças. O objetivo geral deste estudo é discutir as contribuições da intencionalidade pedagógica na utilização do livro-brinquedo como um instrumento de interação no cotidiano da Educação Infantil. A partir deste pressuposto indagamos: quais são as principais contribuições da utilização do livro-brinquedo na Educação Infantil? Em relação aos critérios metodológicos utilizados, adotou-se a pesquisa qualitativa vivencianda por meio de encontros com as crianças experiências significativas com o livro-brinquedo.

Estados Unidos tiene una larga historia anticomunista; sin embargo, en el siglo XX esa postura se cruzó con la geopolítica de la ultraderecha y la Internacional Negra, que influyeron en el aparato legislativo de Estados Unidos para desatar una histeria anticomunista cuya expresión más des-tacada fue el Macartismo, que representó una persecución contra los comunistas, centrándose en la industria del cine. La doctrina que guió la geopolítica del Vaticano fue el Intermarium, con un efecto de gran alcance simbólico y geográfico. Este artículo toma como ejemplo la industria del cine debido a su creciente importancia comunicativa y simbólica

Mexico present high rate of violence against women, which comes from the partner. The risk level assessment of intimate partner violence allows providing security measures to the victims and reducing the re-victimization. The aim was to validate the Severe Intimate Partner Violence Risk Prediction Scale (EPV-R) in the urban context of Chihuahua, Mexico. Methods. The scale was applied in 591 victims of violence, classified into two groups: severe and non-severe violence. An experts committee included three new items: psychological violence, economic violence and aggressor links with organized crime. The Internal consistency, the inter-observer concordance, the discriminative capacity of each of the items and the diagnostic efficacy were analyzed. All test were performed at the 95% of confidence level. Results. Adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.79) and good agreement between inter-observers (Kappa coefficient 0.79, p < 0.001; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.96, p = 0.001) were found. Of all 23 items, 20 showed adequate association capacity between severe and non-severe violence groups (p < 0.05), five items presented high capacity, 6 items moderated capacity and 11 items showed low capacity, assigning them a value of 3, 2 and 1 points respectively. The total score mean of the scale was higher in severe group than non-severe group, 22.7 ± 5.9 vs 12.1 ± 7.2 respectively (t = 14.6, p = 0.001). After several cutoff scores tested, a value of 21 combine the best sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficacy of the instrument with 70%, 87% and 79% respectively; also, an AUC of 0.86 was found (p = 0.001). From this viewpoint, three levels of severe violence risk were determined: low (0-8), moderate (9-20) and high (20-36). Conclusion. The EPV-R is a reliable and valid instrument to estimate the risk of serious violence against the couple in the urban context of Chihuahua, Mexico.

Background Excitotoxicity is a central pathological pathway in many neurological diseases with blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Kainate, an exogenous excitotoxin, induces epilepsy and BBB damage in animal models, but the direct effect of kainate on brain endothelial cells has not been studied in detail. Our aim was to examine the direct effects of kainate on cultured cells of the BBB and to test three anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs used in clinical practice, simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone, to protect against kainate-induced changes. Methods Primary rat brain endothelial cell, pericyte and astroglia cultures were used to study cell viability by impedance measurement. BBB permeability was measured on a model made from the co-culture of the three cell types. The production of nitrogen monoxide and reactive oxygen species was followed by fluorescent probes. The mRNA expression of kainate receptors and nitric oxide synthases were studied by PCR. Results Kainate damaged brain endothelial cells and made the immunostaining of junctional proteins claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 discontinuous at the cell border indicating the opening of the barrier. The permeability of the BBB model for marker molecules fluorescein and albumin and the production of nitric oxide in brain endothelial cells were increased by kainate. Simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone protected against the reduced cell viability, increased permeability and the morphological changes in cellular junctions caused by kainate. Dexamethasone attenuated the elevated nitric oxide production and decreased the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2/iNOS) mRNA expression increased by kainate treatment. Conclusion Kainate directly damaged cultured brain endothelial cells. Simvastatin, edaravone and dexamethasone protected the BBB model against kainate-induced changes. Our results confirmed the potential clinical usefulness of these drugs to attenuate BBB damage.

More than one-third of people with epilepsy develop drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of DRE. Accumulating evidence suggests the contribution of neuroinflammation, modifications in the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and altered immune responses in the pathophysiology of DRE. The inflammatory response is mainly due to the increase of cytokines and related molecules; these molecules have neuromodulatory effects that contribute to hyperexcitability in neural networks that cause seizure generation. Some patients with DRE display the presence of autoantibodies in the serum and mainly cerebrospinal fluid. These patients are refractory to the different treatments with standard antiseizure medications (ASMs), and they could be responding well to immunomodulatory therapies. This observation emphasizes that the etiopathogenesis of DRE is involved with immunology responses and associated long-term events and chronic inflammation processes. Furthermore, multiple studies have shown that functional polymorphisms as risk factors are involved in inflammation processes. Several relevant polymorphisms could be considered risk factors involved in inflammation-related DRE such as receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). All these evidences sustained the hypothesis that the chronic inflammation process is associated with the DRE. However, the effect of the chronic inflammation process should be investigated in further clinical studies to promote the development of novel therapeutics useful in treatment of DRE.

We report the case of a 61-year-old man admitted to our emergency department with fever. At admission, he was hypotensive and tachycardic. In the initial investigation, elevation of inflammatory parameters, acute kidney injury (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 3), hyperbilirubinemia, and hepatic cytocholestasis were evident. Empirical antibiotic therapy was started, after sepsis was assumed without an identifiable cause. His condition took an unfavorable clinical course, with respiratory failure, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hyperferritinemia and hypofibrinogenemia. Microbial culture studies and a general immunological study were negative and lymphoproliferative disease was therefore excluded. Bone marrow aspirate revealed hemophagocytosis without granulomas. A diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was assumed and pulse methylprednisolone therapy initiated. As this resulted in only a transient improvement, immunoglobulin and rituximab were initiated as a second-line therapy. The patient sadly had an unfavorable outcome despite all measures undertaken. In the postmortem study,Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should be considered in patients presenting with fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, cytopenias, hyperferritinaemia and hypertriglyceridemia.Despite its rarity, tuberculosis should be considered as an etiology of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and, if suspected, antituberculosis therapy should be initiated early, even in the absence of a definite diagnosis.Immunosuppressant therapy increases the risk of opportunistic infections, which establishes the need for prophylactic antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral drugs.

This study evaluated the inoculation of Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Bacillus licheniformis, separately or in co-culture, in wet-processed conilon coffee. Wet fermentation was conducted for 48 h. Mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi were counted during fermentation. The inoculation of B. licheniformis and M. guilliermondii stimulated the multiplication of lactic acid bacteria. Acetic, citric, lactic, oxalic, malic, succinic, tartaric acids, glucose, and fructose were identified in all treatments at different concentrations. Methyl salicylate, 2-heptanol, 2-nonanol, and heptanone were found during fermentation. Methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine identified after roasting assigned notes of "almond" and "chocolate" to the beverages. All treatments were classified as "premium," with the B. licheniformis treatment receiving the highest score. Bacillus licheniformis obtained better performance in fermentation, increasing coffee score and producing volatile compounds that provided positive sensory notes to the beverage.

Importance: Tracheal intubation is one of the most commonly performed and high-risk interventions in critically ill patients. Limited information is available on adverse peri-intubation events. Objective: To evaluate the incidence and nature of adverse peri-intubation events and to assess current practice of intubation in critically ill patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: The International Observational Study to Understand the Impact and Best Practices of Airway Management in Critically Ill Patients (INTUBE) study was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study involving consecutive critically ill patients undergoing tracheal intubation in the intensive care units (ICUs), emergency departments, and wards, from October 1, 2018, to July 31, 2019 (August 28, 2019, was the final follow-up) in a convenience sample of 197 sites from 29 countries across 5 continents. Exposures: Tracheal intubation. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse peri-intubation events defined as at least 1 of the following events occurring within 30 minutes from the start of the intubation procedure: cardiovascular instability (either: systolic pressure 30 minutes, new or increase need of vasopressors or fluid bolus >15 mL/kg), severe hypoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation

Background A first-dose of various vaccines provides acceptable protection against infections by SARS-CoV-2 and evolution to the most severe forms of COVID-19. The recombinant adenovirus (rAd)-based vaccine, Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), was proven efficacious but information about effectiveness in the real-world setting is lacking. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the rollout of the first component (rAd26) of Gam-COVID-Vac and PCR-positive tests, hospitalisations and deaths. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study which analyzed individuals aged 60-79 who self-registered in the online vaccination system of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, from December 29, 2020 to March 21, 2021. Exclusion criteria were having a previous positive RT-PCR or antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2, having received other vaccines, or two doses of any vaccine. Proportions of new laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalisations and deaths until 83 days of vaccination were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects. Vaccine effectiveness for the three outcomes was calculated as (1–OR) × 100. Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence curves were constructed. Findings During the study period 415995 registered subjects received the first component of Gam-COVID-Vac; 40387 belonged to the 60-79 age group, and were compared to 38978 unvaccinated. Vaccine effectiveness for preventing laboratory-confirmed infections was 78•6% [CI95% 74·8 - 81·7]; and for reducing hospitalizations and deaths was, respectively, 87·6% [CI95% 80·3 - 92·2] and 84·8% [CI95% 75·0 - 90·7]. Effectiveness was high across all subgroups. Interpretation Similarly to other vaccines, the administration of one dose of Gam-COVID-Vac was effective for a wide range of COVID-19–related outcomes., Facultad de Ciencias Médicas

This article presents a discussion on the importance of careful listening to children in research and the drawing as source of artistic production about their favorite play in the school routine of Children's Education. The aim of this study is to present production of drawings made by children to represent their favorite play and discuss the importance of the play for the children's development through theoretical foundation of historical-cultural psychology. The methodology used was qualitative research based on historical-cultural approach, chat groups were conducted and registers of the drawings made by the children about their favorite play were made. As a result, it was possible to widen concepts about the participation of the child in Children's Education, which were analyzed based on the opinions of both the children and the adults, making it possible for the researchers to reflect on the spaces and moments dedicated to the play in the school routine of Children's Education. Este artículo presenta una discusión sobre la importancia de la escucha atenta de los niños en investigaciones y el dibujo como fuente de producción artística sobre los juegos preferidos en el cotidiano de la Educación Infantil. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar producciones de dibujos realizados por los niños para representar los juegos preferidos y discutir la importancia de jugar para el desarrollo infantil por medio de la fundamentación teórica de la psicología histórico-cultural. La metodología utilizada fue la investigación cualitativa anclada en el abordaje histórico-cultural, fueron realizados círculos de conversación y registros de dibujos producidos por los niños sobre sus juegos preferidos. Como resultado, fue posible ampliar los conceptos sobre la participación del niño en la educación infantil, analizados a partir de la opinión del niño y no solo del adulto, brindando además a las investigadoras una reflexión sobre los espacios y tiempos destinados al juego en el cotidiano de la Educación Infantil. Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre a importância da escuta atenta das crianças em pesquisas e o desenho como fonte de produção artística sobre as brincadeiras preferidas no cotidiano da Educação Infantil. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar produções de desenhos realizados pelas crianças para representar suas brincadeiras preferidas e discutir a importância do brincar para o desenvolvimento infantil, por meio da fundamentação teórica da psicologia histórico-cultural. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa ancorada na abordagem histórico-cultural. Foram realizadas rodas de conversa e registros de desenhos produzidos pelas crianças sobre suas brincadeiras preferidas. Como resultado, foi possível ampliar os conceitos sobre a participação da criança na educação infantil, analisados a partir da opinião da criança e não apenas do adulto, propiciando ainda às pesquisadoras uma reflexão sobre os espaços e tempos destinados ao brincar no cotidiano da Educação Infantil.

Vertical greening systems for buildings are becoming common in many cities. There are different options in the market but some types of living walls require the use of inorganic substrates as plants are grown in a hydroponics culture. In this study, three different substrates (expanded clay, perlite and pumice) are tested in six living wall modules (two per substrate) with two lighting conditions. The substrates were physically and chemically characterized and both water consumption and plant development (green cover, flowering, biomass production and photosynthetic activity) were monitored in two different tests. The three substrates showed to be suitable for living walls and most of the differences observed were due to the lighting conditions. Among the three substrates assessed, pumice exhibited a slightly better performance in terms of green cover and biomass production.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar que el material jurídico ortodoxo es apenas uno de los elementos que influencian el comportamiento judicial, y no necesariamente el más importante, sobre todo en casos emblemáticos. El trabajo presenta tres modelos principales de comportamiento judicial: el modelo legalista, el modelo ideológico y el modelo estratégico. Se profundiza en el modelo estratégico, abordando sus características principales y las críticas que se le han formulado. Propone un estudio de caso acerca de las decisiones dictadas por el Supremo Tribunal Federal de Brasil, a la luz de este último modelo. Se concluye en el sentido que los factores extrajurídicos también interfieren en el proceso decisorio de las cortes. Por ello, el Derecho no puede prescindir de un entendimiento adecuado sobre cómo las cortes efectivamente deciden en la vida real.

The settlement of demersal animals is influenced both by physical processes ruling the distribution of pelagic juveniles in the open ocean and by their active selection of suitable benthic habitats. Green turtles Chelonia mydas inhabiting the coastal areas of the western South Atlantic Ocean derive primarily from the rookery at Ascension Island and settle over a huge area spanning from northern Brazil to Uruguay. Here, we analysed the stable C and N isotope ratios in 30 µm of carapace layers from juvenile green turtles collected from 2 distinct areas of Brazil (Praia do Forte, 12°38'S, 38°05'W, and Ubatuba, 23°26'S, 45°05'W), with the goal of reconstructing their individual diets and habitat use patterns. Juvenile neritic green turtles from Praia do Forte usually had herbivorous diets, with limited individual variability and few temporal changes in diet or habitat. Conversely, most juvenile green turtles from Ubatuba had omnivorous diets, although they exhibited high levels of individual and temporal variability. These contrasting patterns could be linked to less abundant and predictable food availability in subtropical Ubatuba compared to tropical Praia do Forte. It is unknown why large numbers of juvenile green turtles bypass foraging grounds in north-eastern Brazil to settle in subtropical or warm temperate areas, although it may be related to individual differences in growth rate and their size being too small when reaching Brazil from Ascension Island.

Objetivo: to identify and compare burnout levels between Portuguese, Spanish and Brazilian nurses. Method: quantitative, descriptive, correlational, comparative and cross-sectional study conducted using a sample of 1,052 nurses working in hospitals and primary care centers. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were applied to nurses in Porto, Portugal (n=306), Oviedo, Spain (n=269) and S. Paulo, Brazil (n=477). Data analysis was performed using descriptive, inferential and multivariate analysis. Results: approximately 42% of the nurses showed moderate/high levels of burnout, with no differences found between countries (Portugal and Brazil 42%, Spain 43%). Only depersonalization showed differences between countries, presenting Spain the highest level and Portugal the lowest one. Comparative analysis showed higher burnout levels in young nurses and those working by shifts. Considering job schedules, burnout was associated to shift work in Portugal, while in Spain and Brazil it was associated with fixed schedules. Conclusion: these results suggest that this syndrome among nurses is a global phenomenon. The daily stressors and higher demands of the nursing profession are crucial in the preparation of nurses to deal with complex situations, to avoid burnout, and to reduce the negative impact on nurses’ health and on the quality of care they provide. Objetivo: identificar e comparar os níveis de burnout entre enfermeiros portugueses, espanhóis e brasileiros. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional, comparativo e transversal, realizado com 1.052 enfermeiros em hospitais e unidades básicas de saúde. Um questionário sociodemográfico e o Maslach Burnout Inventory foram aplicados com enfermeiros de Porto-Portugal (n=306), Oviedo-Espanha (n=269) e São Paulo-Brasil (n=477). Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, inferencial e multivariada. Resultados: aproximadamente 42% dos enfermeiros apresentaram níveis moderados/altos de burnout, não sendo encontradas diferenças entre os países (Portugal e Brasil com 42%, Espanha com 43%). Apenas a dimensão despersonalização apresentou diferenças entre os países, com um nível mais elevado na Espanha e mais baixo em Portugal. A análise comparativa mostrou níveis mais elevados de burnout em enfermeiros jovens e naqueles que trabalhavam em turnos. Em relação às escalas de trabalho, burnout foi associada ao trabalho por turnos em Portugal e aos horários fixos na Espanha e no Brasil. Conclusão: esses resultados sugerem que essa síndrome em enfermeiros é um fenômeno global. Estressores diários e maiores demandas da profissão de enfermagem são elementos cruciais para preparar os enfermeiros para lidar com situações complexas, evitar burnout e reduzir o impacto negativo na sua saúde e na qualidade dos cuidados que prestam. Objetivo: identificar y comparar los niveles de burnout entre enfermeros portugueses, españoles y brasileños. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional, comparativo y transversal, realizado con 1.052 enfermeros de hospitales y unidades básicas de salud. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Maslach Burnout Inventory a enfermeras de Porto, Portugal (n=306), Oviedo, España (n=269) y São Paulo, Brasil (n=477). Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, inferencial y multivariada. Resultados: aproximadamente el 42% de los enfermeros presentaban niveles moderados/altos de burnout y no se encontraron diferencias entre países (Portugal y Brasil 42%, España 43%). Solo la dimensión de despersonalización mostró diferencias entre países, con un nivel mayor en España y menor en Portugal. El análisis comparativo mostró mayores niveles de burnout en enfermeros jóvenes y en los que trabajaban por turnos. En cuanto a los horarios de trabajo, el burnout se asoció con el trabajo por turnos en Portugal y con horario fijo en España y Brasil. Conclusión: estos resultados sugieren que el síndrome de burnout en enfermeros es un fenómeno global. Los estresores cotidianos y las mayores exigencias de la profesión de Enfermería son elementos cruciales para preparar a los enfermeros para enfrentar situaciones complejas, evitar el burnout y reducir el impacto negativo en la salud de los enfermeros y la calidad de la atención que brindan. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Asthma poses an increased risk for cardiovascular disorders, suggesting that allergy, which is an underlying asthma process, causes atypical functioning of organs other than the lungs. A previous study in a guinea-pig asthma model, we concluded that allergic sensitization increased aorta contractile responses to 5-HT. To further characterize these responses, here, we explored the role of the 5-HT2 receptors family. We found that TCB-2 (5-HT2A agonist) and WAY161503 (5-HT2C agonist) induced aorta contractions resembling those elicited by 5-HT but less intense (~43% and ~25%, respectively). In these experiments, aortas from sensitized guinea pigs showed increased contractions to TCB-2 but not to WAY161503. In turn, MDL 100907 (5-HT2A antagonist) and RS-102221 (5-HT2C antagonist) caused a notably and mild reduction of the 5-HT-induced contractions, respectively, with no differences seen between sensitized and non-sensitized tissues. BW723C86 (5-HT2B agonist) did not induce contractile responses, and RS-127445 (5-HT2B antagonist) did not modify the contractile responses to 5-HT. In non-sensitized aortas, the pattern of protein expression of receptors was 5HT2B>5-HT2A=5-HT2C, which did not change in sensitized animals. In conclusion, we found that allergic sensitization increased the aorta contractile responses to 5-HT, partly mediated by enhanced responses of 5-HT2A receptors, which was unrelated to changes in these receptors' expression.

The practice of medicine and the search for professional excellence in current times force us to rethink whether only the principles of personalistic and principled bioethics are enough to be able to be better and better health agents; a renewed interest in the ethics of virtues and their implementation is probably the answer to this question. The intention of this article is to concisely explain some of the virtues that we believe a good health professional should have and how they influence their daily practice.

Objective To analyze the factors associated with mental distress among health workers who cared for patients with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A cross-sectional analytical study of national scope, carried out between in the second quarter of 2020. A total of 437 health professionals, who filled out an electronic form about sociodemographic data, occupational aspects, psychosocial characteristics of work and mental distress. Multiple logistic regression was performed to analyze the covariables associated with mental distress. Results There was a predominance of workers on the nursing team (65.0%), female (71.0%), from Southeastern region of the country (68.6%) and with no morbidities (36.2%). The prevalence of mental distress was 61.6%. Job strain was reported by 24% of participants, and the perception of low support from coworkers was described by 52.9%. The final multiple regression model showed that mental distress was associated with females (odds ratio - OR: 1.93; 95%CI: 1.22-3.07), age up to 40 years (OR: 1.64; 95%CI: 1.07-2.52), weekly working hours equal or over 60 hours (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.15-3.11), job strain (OR: 2.45; 95%CI: 1.41-4.40) and low support from co-workers (OR: 3.47; 95%CI: 2.26-5.38). Conclusion Six out of ten participants presented mental distress, which was associated to both individual characteristics and factors related to the work carried out during the pandemic. There is an urgent need to map services that have such characteristics, to outline actions to promote mental health and prevent emotional distress at different levels of health care.

A problemática do envelhecimento no trabalho tem sido discutida em âmbitos nacional e internacional, haja vista seu impacto na produtividade e na gestão de políticas públicas à saúde do trabalhador. Verificar a associação entre o envelhecimento cronológico, a capacidade para o trabalho e a produtividade em trabalhadores de enfermagem e compreender as expectativas dos trabalhadores de enfermagem com idade igual ou superior a 45 anos acerca do envelhecimento cronológico e da capacidade para o trabalho. Estudo epidemiológico de recorte transversal, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, desenvolvido em uma Hospital Público do estado de São Paulo, com trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem com idade igual e superior a 45 anos. Os dados quantitativos foram coletados por meio de formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos e profissionais, questionário Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho e questionário sobre produtividade no trabalho em atividades: Saúde geral V 2.0; e os dados qualitativos foram coletados através de entrevista individual com os trabalhadores de enfermagem onde foram transcritos e submetidos à técnica de análise de discurso proposta pelo referencial de Minayo (2014). Foram eleitos 264 trabalhadores e desses 211(79,9%) participaram da pesquisa. A média etária foi de 53 anos (dp=4,3 anos), sendo 188(89,1%) mulheres, 57,8% casado (a) ou com companheiro (a), 50,7% com escolaridade nível superior. O tempo médio de atuação na profissão enfermagem era de 25,5 anos (dp=6,6anos),65,4% exerciam a função de técnico e auxiliar de enfermagem,54% tinham renda familiar a partir de nove salários mínimos(R$ 8.4433,00).A média do escore do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho foi considerada boa, com 37,8 pontos, porém 41,7% com Índice da Capacidade para o trabalho inadequado. Os problemas de saúde predominantes foram as doenças musculoesqueléticas. A produtividade revelou um escore médio de 24.7% de prejuízo às atividades diárias devido à saúde, 22,7% no prejuízo total ao trabalho devido à saúde e, no presenteísmo de 21,2%. Observou associação estatisticamente significativa entre a produtividade e a capacidade para o trabalho (p

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of testing among health workers providing care for suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19. Methods: This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2020, using a convenience sample. An online questionnaire was used for collecting sociodemographic, occupational, and clinical data, which were analyzed descriptively. Results: In total, 437 health workers participated in the study, with a predominance of nursing workers (58.68%), women (70.3%), age between 30 and 49 years (54.2%), individuals living in the Southeast region of Brazil (60.54%), working in the public care system (69.11%), and focused on primary care (30.89%). Among the participants, 36% reported comorbidities, 21.1% had symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, and only 27% had undergone some type of COVID-19 testing. Conclusions: Despite the existence of risk comorbidities and symptoms suggestive of contamination, the frequency of testing was below one third among respondents. The lack of action compromises health surveillance and protection strategies for workers providing care for the population and may favor the contamination of new patients and the community. © 2021 Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho. All rights reserved.

Digital, Many affected counties have had experienced a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to investigate the needs of healthcare professionals and the technical difficulties faced by them during the initial outbreak. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among the healthcare workforce in the most populous cities from three Latin American countries in April 2020. In total, 1,082 participants were included. Of these, 534 (49.4%), 263 (24.3%), and 114 (10.5%) were physicians, nurses, and other professionals, respectively. At least 70% of participants reported a lack of PPE. The most common shortages were shortages in gown coverall suits (643, 59.4%), N95 masks (600, 55.5%), and face shields (569, 52.6%). Professionals who performed procedures that generated aerosols reported shortages more frequently (p, Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud

Textile dyeing is a hazardous and toxic process. While traditionally it has been managed through effluent treatment, new approaches focused upon improving the dyeing process are gaining relevance. In this work, we sought to obtain, for the first time, an eco-friendly chitosan-nanoparticle based textile dyeing method. To that end, yellow everzol and navy blue itosperse loaded chitosan nanoparticles were produced and their capacity to dye textiles and cytotoxicity towards human skin cells were evaluated. The results obtained showed that it was possible to obtain nanoencapsulated dyes through ionic gelation with an average entrapment efficacy above 90 %. Nanoparticles presented a positive surface charge and sizes between 190 and 800 nm with yellow everzol NPs occurring via ionic interactions while navy blue itosperse NPs were formed through hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the produced dye NPs presented no cytotoxicity towards HaCat cells and presented staining percentages reaching 17.60 % for a viscose/wool blend.

OBJECTIVE: To know what hospital managers and safety leaders in Ibero-American countries are doing to respond effectively to the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) with serious consequences for patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional international study. SETTING: Public and private hospitals in Ibero-American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Portugal and Spain). PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of hospital managers and safety leaders from eight Ibero-American countries. A minimum of 25 managers/leaders from each country were surveyed. INTERVENTIONS: A selection of 37 actions for the effective management of AEs was explored. These were related to the safety culture, existence of a crisis plan, communication and transparency processes with the patients and their families, attention to second victims and institutional communication. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Degree of implementation of the actions studied. RESULTS: A total of 190 managers/leaders from 126 (66.3%) public hospitals and 64 (33.7%) private hospitals participated. Reporting systems, in-depth analysis of incidents and non-punitive approaches were the most implemented interventions, while patient information and care for second victims after an AE were the least frequent interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of these hospitals have not protocolized how to act after an AE. For this reason, it is urgent to develop and apply a strategic action plan to respond to this imperative safety challenge. This is the first study to identify areas of work and future research questions in Ibero-American countries. publishersversion published

CONTEXTO: O engajamento e a satisfação no trabalho são fatores fundamentais na manutenção e aumento dos níveis de motivação dos trabalhadores, faça seu bem físico e psicológico e da qualidade de vida. OBJETIVOS : Identificar os níveis de engajamento e satisfação no trabalho dos funcionários que trabalham nas atividades de vida (SIV) e sua função de variáveis ​​sociodemográficas e laborais. MÉTODOS: Estudo documental, descritivo-correlacional e transversal. Aplica-se-se um sócio familiar a uma família familiar de Pe, 57 enfermeiros, com problemas de caracterização sociodemográfica/laboral2 (UWES/3, Mélia & Mélia, 1908); Pocinho e Garcia, 2008). RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se valores de engajamento de 4,8 (DP=1,0) e de satisfação média no trabalho de 4,5 (DP=1,0). Oss enfermeiros do sexo feminino e que não percebem o seu trabalho como stressante apresentam mais engajamento total e absorção; os que exercem funções nas SIV há menos de 1 ano de dedicação. Menor percepção de estresse corresponde a mais políticas de satisfação total, satisfação dos benefícios e da organização e satisfação com a participação. Engagement e satisfação no trabalho correlacionam-se positivamente. CONCLUSÕES Apesar de: os enfermeiros não apresentarem desafios importantes para o engajamento e os moderadores de satisfação no trabalho, é diminuir os valores endondê-los para os fatores que promovem o trabalho no trabalho de forma a ter encorajadores motivados e comprometidos com as suas tarefas. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

El Congreso Internacional de Humanidades es un evento organizado por la Universidad Santo Tomas, el cual convoca a diversos actores nacionales e internacionales para que a traves de la reflexion debatan y socialicen experiencias relacionadas con los retos y desafios del mundo actual, derivados en las sinergias que la tecnologia ha dinamizado en las nuevas generaciones, los ambientes academicos y sociedad en general. En este sentido, la XVI version del Congreso Internacional de Humanidades enfoco su reflexion en las Perspectivas de humanidad en las sociedades digitales, e intento responder a la siguiente pregunta problema ?Como se reconstruye lo humano en la era digital? El dialogo academico se enuncio a partir de la concepcion de la sociedad digital como aquella que articula los avances de la ciencia y la tecnologia como un medio que propicia la emergencia de una inteligencia colectiva y un cerebro social, siendo estos propiciadores de la generacion del conocimiento como riqueza social y de una nueva etica en los ciudadanos y las colectividades.

Background: Shortage of Personal Protective Equipment and preparedness to fight back the pandemic have been a common issue in most of the affected countries. The aim was to establish what were the needs of the healthcare professionals, and the technical difficulties they must face, during the first impact of the outbreak. Methods:A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted involving healthcare workforce in most populous cities from three Latin American countries in April 2020. Findings: 1082 participants were included, of these physicians accounted for 534 (49·4%) and nurses 263 (24·3%). At least 70% reported lack of PPE availability. Most common perceived deficiencies were closed special protection suits 643 (59·4%), N95 masks 600 (55·5%) and face shields 569 (52·6%). Professionals who performed procedures that generated aerosols reported more deficiencies (p

Green turtles are megaherbivores with a key role in the dynamics of tropical seagrass meadows, but little is known about their relevance as herbivores in tropical reef habitats. We conducted underwater censuses of green turtles, herbivorous fishes and sea urchins in two distinct tropical regions: Fernando de Noronha (Western Atlantic Ocean) and the Hawaiian Archipelago (Central Pacific Ocean), to assess the contribution of green turtles to the total herbivore biomass in shallow reef habitats of tropical oceanic islands. Juvenile green turtles ranging 40-60 cm were observed at most of the surveyed sites, and hence, could be considered typical components of the shallow reef fauna of tropical oceanic islands. Furthermore, they were usually one of the most abundant species of roving herbivores in many of the sites surveyed. However, the biomass of green turtles was usually much lower than the aggregated biomass of fishes or sea urchins, which usually constituted most of the total herbivore biomass. Green turtles made a major contribution to the total herbivore biomass only in sheltered sites with low rugosity, low coral cover and high algal cover. Further investigation on the trophic redundancy between herbivores is required to assess the actual relevance of green turtles in reef ecosystems of oceanic islands, compared to herbivorous fishes and sea urchins, because different herbivores may target different algal resources and complementarity may be needed to maintain ecosystem functioning across large, naturally varied reefscapes.

Aim:To compare presenteeism levels among three samples of nurses and to identify the relationship between presenteeism andsociodemographic and professional characteristics.Background:Presenteeism (going to work ill) is a phenomenon studied from different perspectives, and it has become especially important duringthe current COVID-19 outbreak; its connection to high healthcare costs, patient safety breaches and negative nurse well-being has been proved.Introduction:The nursing profession is particularly associated with caring for the culture of teamwork, loyalty to colleagues and professionalidentity. This condition enhances the ‘super nurse phenomenon’, even though nurses do not feel physically and psychologically able to work.Methods:A multicentre, cross-sectional study was conducted in three different country contexts: Oviedo (Spain), Porto (Portugal) andS~ao Paulo (Brazil). Nurses performing functions in hospitals and primary health care were enrolled. Informed consent and datacollection questionnaires were hand delivered. The Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 was applied.Results:A total of 659 nurses participated. Portuguese nurses showed greater prevalence of presenteeism, followed by Brazilian andSpanish nurses. Younger nurses with less professional experience presented lower levels of presenteeism but greater psychologicalcommitment. Male participants showed lower capacity to complete work when ill than female participants.Conclusions:Age and length of professional experience proved to be significant predictors of total presenteeism, although onlyprofessional experience revealed statistical significance in the adjusted model.Implications for Nursing and Health Policy:The knowledge of this phenomenon among nurses highlights the need for thedevelopment of strategies in the curriculum of nursing students and organizations. Resilience and ergonomic training should be appliedin the training programmes of the students and reinforced by the health centre managers. It is essential that healthcare systems design worksite wellness programmes that pursue greater physical and mental well-being for healthcare professionals. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Dairy farming is an important activity in Brazil and Espírito Santo state, with small properties accounting for 80% of production. Despite of this economic importance, data about quality of the milk produced and the hygienic-sanitary conditions are still scarce. Then, the objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of refrigerated raw milk produced in family production units in southern Espírito Santo to verify compliance with Brazilian legal standards. Three collections were carried out in 29 community expansion tanks, for a total of 87 samples of refrigerated raw milk. Analysis of standard plate count (SPC), psychrotrophic bacteria count (PBC), somatic cell count (SCC), titratable acidity, density, fat, total dry extract (TDE), non-fat dry extract (NFDE), residues of antibiotics (β-lactam and tetracycline), cadmium and lead levels were performed. Of the 87 samples, 66% presented non-standard values for SPC, and 38% had non-standard values for SCC. Eighty five percent of the samples presented non-standard results for NFDE, 10.3% for density and 2.3% for titratable acidity. All samples complied with the legislation regarding residues of antibiotics, Cd and Pb levels. These results indicated failures in the raw milk obtainment and storage chain from family production units of southern Espírito Santo, Brazil. Resumo A pecuária de leite é uma atividade importante no Brasil e no Espírito Santo, sendo as pequenas propriedades responsáveis por 80% da produção estadual. Mesmo com essa importância econômica para o estado, dados a respeito da qualidade do leite produzido e das condições higiênico-sanitárias de produção, ainda são escassos. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade do leite produzido em unidades de produção familiares, no sul do Espírito Santo, para verificar o atendimento aos padrões legais. Foram realizadas três coletas em 29 tanques comunitários totalizando 87 amostras. Realizaram-se análises de contagem padrão em placa (CPP), contagem de bactérias psicrotróficas (CBP), contagem de células somáticas (CCS), acidez titulável, densidade, gordura, extrato seco total (EST), extrato seco desengordurado (ESD), pesquisa de resíduos de antibióticos (β-lactâmicos e tetraciclina) e presença de cádmio e chumbo. Das 87 amostras, 66% apresentaram valores fora do padrão para CPP e 38% para CCS. Quanto às análises físico-químicas, 85% das amostras apresentaram resultados fora do padrão para ESD, 10,3% para densidade e 2,3% para acidez titulável. Todas as amostras atenderam a legislação quanto a presença de resíduos de antibióticos, teores de cádmio e chumbo. Dessa forma, esses resultados indicam falhas em uma ou mais etapas da cadeia de obtenção e armazenamento do leite cru.