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We show that new functionality of spin-orbit-active electronic weak links can be achieved by their timedependent mechanical deformation. As an illustration we use a simple model to calculate the electronic spin current generated by rotating a bent spin-orbit-active nanowire coupled to bulk metallic leads. Обговорюються нові функціональні можливості, що реалізовуються у тунельних структурах завдяки залежній від часу сильній спін-орбітальній взаємодії електронів. Як приклад запропоновано просту модель, в якій передбачено генерацію спінового струму, що виникає при обертанні зігнутого дроту, який з’єднує два масивні метали, із локалізованою на ній сильною спін-орбітальною взаємодією електронів. Обсуждаются новые функциональные возможности, реализующиеся в туннельных структурах благодаря зависящему от времени сильному спин-орбитальному взаимодействию электронов. В качестве примера предложена простая модель, в которой предсказана генерация спинового тока, возникающая при вращении изогнутой проволоки, соединяющей два массивных металла, с локализованным на ней сильным спинорбитальным взаимодействием электронов.

42 páginas.-- 3 figuras.-- 2 tablas.-- 8 referencias, Plants have adapted to environmental changes and stresses over generations. The decision of transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage is critical, particularly under unfavorable conditions. Thus, plants appear to have developed mechanisms by which environmental factors or inputs are transmitted to stress response signaling pathways to confer tolerance and are simultaneously integrated into flowering regulation pathways (photoperiod, vernalization, autonomous, and gibberellic acid signaling) to propagate the next generation. In this review, we summarize how abiotic stresses influence, induce, or delay flowering time, particularly in the long-day plant Arabidopsis. Four major modes including FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), CONSTANS (CO), DELLA, and GIGANTEA (GI), which serve as hubs that integrate stress signals for regulating flowering time, are introduced. GI, a mediator of the photoperiod floral pathway and circadian clock, is involved in various biological processes and thus controls stress response directly through interaction with stress-responsive components and indirectly through association with circadian clock components. Keywords, Our work was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korean Government (MSIP No. 2016R1A2A1A05004931) to D.-J. Yun and Next-Generation BioGreen21 Programs (SSAC, grant PJ01105101 to D.-J. Yun, and PJ01105105 to J.M. Pardo, respectively), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. H.J. Park and W.-Y. Kim were supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning NRF-2013R1A1A3013245 and NRF-2015R1D1A1A02061979, respectively

Molecular genetics has confirmed older research and generated new insights into the ways how plants deal with adverse conditions. This body of research is now being used to interpret stress behavior of plants in new ways, and to add results from most recent genomics- based studies. The new knowledge now includes genome sequences of species that show extreme abiotic stress tol- erances, which enables new strategies for applications through either molecular breeding or transgenic engineer- ing. We will highlight some physiological features of the extremophile lifestyle, outline emerging features about halophytism based on genomics, and discuss conclusions about underlying mechanisms.