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Gold(iii) complexes are garnering increasing interest for opto-electronic, therapeutic and catalytic applications., Gold(iii) complexes are garnering increasing interest for opto-electronic, therapeutic and catalytic applications. But so far, very little is known about the factors controlling their reactivity and the very influence of the ancillary ligand. This article reports the first comprehensive study on this topic. The reactivity of a cationic (N,C) gold(iii) complex, namely 1A, towards ethylene has been thoroughly studied and compared with that of the related (P,C) complex 1C. A cationic gold(iii) complex 5A resulting from double insertion of ethylene was selectively obtained. Complex 5A was found to be remarkably stable. It was trapped with chloride and fully characterized. In marked contrast to that observed with 1C, no β-H elimination or linear-to-branched rearrangement of the alkyl chain occurred with 1A. The energy profile for the reactions of 1A with ethylene has been comprehensively investigated computationally, and the influence of the ancillary ligand has been precisely delineated. Because nitrogen is a weaker donor than carbon (and phosphorus), the (N,C) ligand is very electronically dissymmetric, much more than the (P,C) ligand. This makes the two reactive sites at gold quite different, which noticeably influences the competition between migratory insertion and β-H elimination, and actually changes the outcome of the olefin insertion at gold. This study provides valuable insight into the influence of ancillary ligands on gold(iii) reactivity, something critical to further develop Au(iii) and Au(i)/Au(iii) catalysis.

Productivity of tropical lowland moist forests is often limited by availability and functional allocation of phosphorus (P) that drives competition among tree species and becomes a key factor in determining forestall community diversity. We used non-target(31)P-NMR metabolic profiling to study the foliar P-metabolism of trees of a French Guiana rainforest. The objective was to test the hypotheses that P-use is species-specific, and that species diversity relates to species P-use and concentrations of P-containing compounds, including inorganic phosphates, orthophosphate monoesters and diesters, phosphonates and organic polyphosphates. We found that tree species explained the 59% of variance in(31)P-NMR metabolite profiling of leaves. A principal component analysis showed that tree species were separated along PC 1 and PC 2 of detected P-containing compounds, which represented a continuum going from high concentrations of metabolites related to non-active P and P-storage, low total P concentrations and high N:P ratios, to high concentrations of P-containing metabolites related to energy and anabolic metabolism, high total P concentrations and low N:P ratios. These results highlight the species-specific use of P and the existence of species-specific P-use niches that are driven by the distinct species-specific position in a continuum in the P-allocation from P-storage compounds to P-containing molecules related to energy and anabolic metabolism.

Au(iii)-aryl species have been crystallographically isolated as reactive intermediates in oxidant-free C–O and C–N cross coupling processes, using aromatic and aliphatic alcohols and amines, as well as water and amides, as nucleophiles., Au(iii)-aryl species have been unequivocally identified as reactive intermediates in oxidant-free C–O and C–N cross coupling catalysis. The crystal structures of cyclometalated neutral and cationic Au(iii) species are described and their key role in 2 electron-redox Au(i)/Au(iii) catalysis in C–O and C–N cross couplings is shown. Nucleophiles compatible with Au-catalyzed cross couplings include aromatic and aliphatic alcohols and amines, as well as water and amides.

Pyruvate-dependent aldolases exhibit a stringent selectivity for pyruvate, limiting their synthetic potential application, a drawback shared with other existing aldolases. Structure-guided rational protein engineering rendered a 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate aldolase variant, fused with maltose binding protein (MBP-YfaU W23V/L216A), capable to efficiently convert larger pyruvate analogs, e.g. having linear and branched aliphatic chains, in aldol addition reactions. Combination of these nucleophiles with N-Cbz-alaninal and N-Cbz-prolinal electrophiles gave access to chiral building blocks, e.g. derivatives of (2S,3S,4R)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoic acid (68%, dr 90:10) and the enantiomer of Dolaproine (33%, dr 94:6) as well as a collection of unprecedented α-amino acid derivatives of the proline and pyrrolizidine type, with conversions varying between 6-93% and diasteromeric ratios from 50:50 to 95:5 depending on the nucleophilic and electrophilic components, This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 635595 (CarbaZymes), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (grant no. CTQ2015-63563-R to P.C. and CTQ2015-64436-P to T.P.), and COST action CM1303 Systems Biocatalysis.

This work describes the employment of discrete “AgCF3” complexes as efficient transmetalating agents to PdIIto surmount overlooked challenges related to the transmetalation step in Pd- catalyzed trifluoromethylation processes. We report the participation of a unique silver ate (Cs)[Ag(CF3)2] complex, under stoichiometric and catalytic conditions, in the unprecedented one-pot formation of PhCF3 using PhI as starting material. Moreover, we show that the transmetalation step, which is often ignored in these transformations, can also determine the success or failure of the coupling process.

Póster presentado en BIOTRANS 2015, celebrado del 26 al 30 de julio de 2015 en Viena (Austria), Intramolecular stereoselective carboligations are important reactions in organic synthetic chemistry essential for the access of natural occurring compounds and analogues. Besides the chemical methodologies, a plethora of intramolecular C-C bond forming reactions exists in different metabolic pathways of living organism catalyzed by highly evolved enzymes. Examples of carboligases such as of aldolases or ThDP depending enzymes performing asymmetric intramolecular aldol reactions with synthetic substrates are scarce in the literature. In this work, we endeavored to investigate on the intramolecular C-C bond formation via benzoin reaction catalyzed by benzaldehyde lyase from Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I (BAL). We investigate BAL-catalyzed intramolecular benzoin reaction on benzaldehyde moieties substrates connected with a spacer derivative via ether linkage (i.e. 2,2'- (1), 3,3’ (2) and 4,4’ (3)-(n-alkane-1,n-diylbis(oxy))dibenzaldehyde derivatives). The reaction performance comparing the intra and inter benzoin reaction with substrates 1-3 as well as their analogues with symmetric and unsymmetrical aromatic substitutions was investigated. The results obtained of substrate conversion, stereochemical outcome of the enzymatic reactions and molecular models that intended to explain the reactivity of the different substrates will be reported.

La plata és avui dia àmpliament utilitzada en catàlisi homogènia per a la síntesi de compostos orgànics a causa del seu caràcter d'àcid de Lewis i el seu poder oxidant. La Ag(I) és un potent oxidant monoelectrònic que troba utilitat en un gran nombre de processos catalítics. Tanmateix, els cicles catalítics de dos electrons, molt comuns en la química organometàl·lica dels metalls nobles, no han estat mai considerats possibles per a la plata. En aquest estudi descrivim un cicle catalític Ag(I)/Ag(III) que és operatiu en una reacció model d'acoblament creuat per a la formació d'enllaços C–O. Espècies aril–Ag(III) han estat inequívocament identificades com a intermedis d'aquest cicle catalític. L'estudi de la síntesi i la reactivitat de l'esmentat complex ha permès per primera vegada la caracterització de les etapes d'addició oxidant i eliminació reductiva de formació d'enllaços carboni–nucleò- fil en centres monometàl·lics de plata. El present treball demostra que els processos d'eliminació reductiva en espècies aril–Ag(III) són efectius en reaccions d'acoblament creuat per a la formació d'enllaços C–O, C–N, C–S, C–C i C–halur, incloses les reaccions de fluoració d'arils. Aquest estudi suposa un punt de partida per a l'expansió de la química redox Ag(I)/Ag(III) a noves metodologies per a la síntesi orgànica, en analogia a la química d'acoblament creuat del coure o el pal·ladi. A més, els resultats descrits proporcionen una comprensió mecanística fonamental única en les reaccions d'acoblament creuat catalitzades per plata i refuten la concepció generalment acceptada que la química redox de la plata només pot provenir de processos d'un sol electró., Silver is extensively used in homogeneous catalysis for organic synthesis owing to its Lewis acidity and unique high oxidation power. The high oxidation potential of Ag(I) makes it a powerful one-electron oxidant that finds utility in a large number catalytic processes. However, two-electron redox catalytic cycles, most common in noble metal organometallic reactivity, have never been considered. Herein we show that an Ag(I)/Ag(III) catalytic cycle is operative in a model C–O cross-coupling reaction. Aryl–Ag(III) species have been unequivocally identified as an intermediate in the catalytic cycle. The study of the synthesis and reactivity of this complex has enabled for the first time the direct characterization of aryl halide oxidative addition and carbon–nucleophile bond-forming reductive elimination steps at monometallic silver centers. This report demonstrates that reductive elimination processes at aryl–Ag(III) species are effective for C–O, C–N, C–S, C–C and C–halide coupling reactions, including aryl fluorination. We anticipate our study as the starting point for expanding Ag(I)/Ag(III) redox chemistry into new methodologies for organic synthesis, resembling well-known copper or palladium cross-coupling catalysis. Furthermore, findings described herein provide a unique fundamental mechanistic understanding of Ag-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and dismiss the generally accepted conception that silver redox chemistry can only arise from one-electron processes.

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New chromophore-quencher rhenium(I) tricarbonyls, of formulae [Re(4,4’-X2-bpy)(CO)3(PCA)]+, [(4,4’-X2-bpy)(CO)3Re(μ-PCA)Re(CO)3(4,4’-X2-bpy)]2+, and [(4,4’-X2-bpy)(CO)3ReI-(μ-PCA)-RuII(NH3)5]3+, with X = Ph or CO2Me and PCA = 4-pyridinealdazine, have been synthesized as PF6- salts andcharacterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical and photophysical techniques. Contrasting to previously reported species with X = Me or H, these complexes emit at room temperature in CH3CN. The recovery of luminescence can thus be ascribed to the change of energy levels induced by adding electron-withdrawing substituents to the 2,2´-bipyridine ring, since the emissive ReII(X2bpy-) excited state becomes much lower in energy than ReII(PCA-) non-emissive excited state. For the mononuclear and the symmetric dinuclear rhenium(I) complexes with X = CO2Me in aqueous solutions, consecutive protonation of both pyridinic and imine N atoms of PCA cause unusual bell-shaped curves of both the absorption and the emission intensities vs. pH, because of opposite effects on the electronic delocalization of PCA. Therefore, the latter property can be employed to devise novel luminescent sensors of acidity of the on-off-on type. The corresponding unsymmetric dinuclear complexes, of formula [(4,4’-X2-bpy)(CO)3ReI(μ- PCA)RuIII(NH3)5]4+, were obtained in situ by oxidizing the [ReI,RuII] precursors in CH3CN solution; from spectral and electrochemical measurements, the values of the metal-to-metal electronic coupling elements have been determined. Fil: Cattaneo, Mauricio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina Fil: Fagalde, Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina Fil: Katz, Néstor Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina Fil: Borsarelli, Claudio Darío. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias. Instituto de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa; Argentina Fil: Parella, Teodor. Servei de Rmn; España

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Table S1. One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in leaf organ and epispheric. Table S2 One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in flowers organ and epispheric. Table S3 One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in in leaf organ in different antibiotic treatment within the plants receiving control levels of water in leaf. Table S4 One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in identified in leaf epispheric in different antibiotic treatment within the plants receiving control levels of water in leaf. Table S5 One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in in flowers organ in different antibiotic treatment within the plants receiving control levels of water in leaf. Table S6 One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in in flowers epispheric in different antibiotic treatment within the plants receiving control levels of water in leaf. Table S7 Abbreviation, family and the real name of the metabolites detected. (PDF 3529 kb)

Table S1. One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in leaf organ and epispheric. Table S2 One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in flowers organ and epispheric. Table S3 One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in in leaf organ in different antibiotic treatment within the plants receiving control levels of water in leaf. Table S4 One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in identified in leaf epispheric in different antibiotic treatment within the plants receiving control levels of water in leaf. Table S5 One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in in flowers organ in different antibiotic treatment within the plants receiving control levels of water in leaf. Table S6 One-way ANOVAs of identified metabolites in in flowers epispheric in different antibiotic treatment within the plants receiving control levels of water in leaf. Table S7 Abbreviation, family and the real name of the metabolites detected. (PDF 3529 kb)