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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848231174293 for Resolution rates in clinical trials for microbiota restoration for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis by Raseen Tariq, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848231170479 for Effect of peripartum Clostridioides difficile infection on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: an observational study by Srishti Saha, Ryan Pardi, Regan N. Theiler, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848231168237 for The natural history of histological changes in microscopic colitis by Kanika Sehgal, June Tome, Amrit K. Kamboj, Ross A. Dierkhising, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848231174293 for Resolution rates in clinical trials for microbiota restoration for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis by Raseen Tariq, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-tag-10.1177_1756284821994046 for Efficacy of oral vancomycin prophylaxis for prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Raseen Tariq, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Muhammad Waqas Tahir, Robert Orenstein, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_1756284821994046 for Efficacy of oral vancomycin prophylaxis for prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Raseen Tariq, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Muhammad Waqas Tahir, Robert Orenstein, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-tag-10.1177_1756284821994046 for Efficacy of oral vancomycin prophylaxis for prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Raseen Tariq, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Muhammad Waqas Tahir, Robert Orenstein, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-tag-10.1177_1756284821994046 for Efficacy of oral vancomycin prophylaxis for prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Raseen Tariq, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Muhammad Waqas Tahir, Robert Orenstein, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-tag-10.1177_1756284821994046 for Efficacy of oral vancomycin prophylaxis for prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Raseen Tariq, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Muhammad Waqas Tahir, Robert Orenstein, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_1756284821994046 for Efficacy of oral vancomycin prophylaxis for prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Raseen Tariq, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Muhammad Waqas Tahir, Robert Orenstein, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-tag-10.1177_1756284821994046 for Efficacy of oral vancomycin prophylaxis for prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Raseen Tariq, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Muhammad Waqas Tahir, Robert Orenstein, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-tag-10.1177_1756284821994046 for Efficacy of oral vancomycin prophylaxis for prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Raseen Tariq, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Muhammad Waqas Tahir, Robert Orenstein, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Purpose Statins have pleiotropic effects beyond cholesterol lowering by immune modulation. The association of statins with primary Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is unclear as studies have reported conflicting findings. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between statin use and CDI. Patients and methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1978 to December 2016 for studies assessing the association between statin use and CDI. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodologic quality of included studies. Weighted summary estimates were calculated using generalized inverse variance with random-effects model. Results Eight studies (6 case–control and 2 cohort) were included in the meta-analysis, which comprised 156,722 patients exposed to statins and 356,185 controls, with 34,849 total cases of CDI available in 7 studies. The rate of CDI in patients with statin use was 4.3%, compared with 7.8% in patients without statin use. An overall meta-analysis of 8 studies using the random-effects model demonstrated that statins may be associated with a decreased risk of CDI (maximally adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66–0.97; P=0.02). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies, with an I2 of 79%. No publication bias was seen. Meta-analysis of studies that adjusted for confounders revealed no protective effect of statins (adjusted OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70–1.01; P=0.06, I2=75%). However, a meta-analysis of only full-text studies using the random-effects model demonstrated a decreased risk of CDI with the use of statins (OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61–0.99; P=0.04, I2=85%). Conclusion Meta-analyses of existing studies suggest that patients prescribed a statin may be at decreased risk for CDI. The results must be interpreted with caution given the significant heterogeneity and lack of benefit on analysis of studies that adjusted for confounders.

The use of montelukast as a steroid sparing agent for recurrent eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Background and Aims Pouchitis is a common adverse event after proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Evaluation of pouchitis disease activity and response to treatment requires use of validated indices. We assessed the reliability of items evaluating endoscopic pouchitis disease activity. Methods Twelve panelists used a modified RAND appropriateness methodology to rate the appropriateness of items evaluating endoscopic pouchitis disease activity derived from a systematic review and also identified additional potential endoscopic items based on expert opinion. Four central readers then evaluated 50 pouchoscopy videos in triplicate, in random order. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for each item was assessed by calculating and comparing intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). A Delphi process identified common sources of disagreement among the readers. Results Ten existing endoscopic items were identified from the systematic review and an additional 7 exploratory items from the panelists. ICCs for inter-rater reliability were highest for the existing item of pouch ulceration (.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], .60-.82) and for the exploratory item of ulcerated surface in the pouch body (.67; 95% CI, .53-.75). Inter-rater reliability for all other existing and exploratory items was “moderate” (ICC < .60). The item “ulcerated surface in the pouch body” demonstrated the best correlation with a global evaluation of lesion severity (r = .80; 95% CI, .73-.85). Conclusion Substantial reliability was observed only for the endoscopic items of ulceration and ulcerated surface in the pouch body. Future studies should assess responsiveness to treatment in the next stage toward development of an endoscopic pouchitis disease activity index.