223 results on '"Paola, Grandi"'
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2. Supplementary Figures 1 and 2, Table 1 from Degradation of Fibrillar Collagen in a Human Melanoma Xenograft Improves the Efficacy of an Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Vector
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Rakesh K. Jain, Xandra O. Breakefield, Yves Boucher, Moungi G. Bawendi, John P. Zimmer, Numpon Insin, George Alexandrakis, Wilson Mok, Paola Grandi, and Trevor D. McKee
- Abstract
Supplementary Figures 1 and 2, Table 1 from Degradation of Fibrillar Collagen in a Human Melanoma Xenograft Improves the Efficacy of an Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Vector
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- 2023
3. Data from Degradation of Fibrillar Collagen in a Human Melanoma Xenograft Improves the Efficacy of an Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Vector
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Rakesh K. Jain, Xandra O. Breakefield, Yves Boucher, Moungi G. Bawendi, John P. Zimmer, Numpon Insin, George Alexandrakis, Wilson Mok, Paola Grandi, and Trevor D. McKee
- Abstract
Oncolytic viral therapy provides a promising approach to treat certain human malignancies. These vectors improve on replication-deficient vectors by increasing the viral load within tumors through preferential viral replication within tumor cells. However, the inability to efficiently propagate throughout the entire tumor and infect cells distant from the injection site has limited the capacity of oncolytic viruses to achieve consistent therapeutic responses. Here we show that the spread of the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector MGH2 within the human melanoma Mu89 is limited by the fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix. This limitation seems to be size specific as nanoparticles of equivalent size to the virus distribute within tumors to the same extent whereas smaller particles distribute more widely. Due to limited viral penetration, tumor cells in inaccessible regions continue to grow, remaining out of the range of viral infection, and tumor eradication cannot be achieved. Matrix modification with bacterial collagenase coinjection results in a significant improvement in the initial range of viral distribution within the tumor. This results in an extended range of infected tumor cells and improved virus propagation, ultimately leading to enhanced therapeutic outcome. Thus, fibrillar collagen can be a formidable barrier to viral distribution and matrix-modifying treatments can significantly enhance the therapeutic response. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2509–13)
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- 2023
4. Detection of a radio-filled X-ray cavity within the interstellar medium of NGC 5141
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Duccio Macconi, Paola Grandi, Myriam Gitti, Cristian Vignali, Eleonora Torresi, Fabrizio Brighenti, Duccio Macconi, Paola Grandi, Myriam Gitti, Cristian Vignali, Eleonora Torresi, and Fabrizio Brighenti
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Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Galaxies: active ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Galaxies: jet ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,X-rays: ISM ,Galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD ,Galaxies: ISM ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,Galaxies: individual: NGC 5141 ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
We present the first Chandra detection of a single X-ray cavity within the interstellar medium of the small Fanaroff-Riley type I (FRI) radio galaxy NGC 5141. The X-ray surface brightness depression, located $\approx 4$ kpc away from the galaxy center, is projected on the northern radio lobe, which is completely contained within the galaxy. The thermal gas surrounding the cavity, which extends to $\approx$ 20 kpc, has a bolometric X-ray luminosity (0.1 - 100 keV) of L${_X}\approx2\times10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and a temperature of $kT\approx0.8$ keV. We calculated the total energy (E$_{cav} = 4PV \approx 10^{55}$ erg) required to inflate the cavity and its age ($t_{cav}\approx 9$ Myrs), assuming that it is filled with relativistic particles and rises buoyantly. The inferred total cavity power is as low as P$_{cav}=E_{cav}/t_{cav}\approx6\times10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$, which is the lowest one among the radio-filled systems. Comparing $P_{cav}$ to the bolometric X-ray luminosity (i.e., the cooling luminosity), we conclude that NGC 5141's central active galactic nucleus can heat the interstellar medium and balance its cooling luminosity, confirming that the $P_{cav}-L_{cool}$ relation, mainly tested on groups and clusters, also works for such a low-power system., 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A on 28 January 2022
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- 2022
5. Discovery of a first-in-class reversible DNMT1-selective inhibitor with improved tolerability and efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia
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Peter A. Jones, Ashley K. Wiseman, Helai P. Mohammad, Christopher S. Kershaw, Bryan W. King, Ian D. Waddell, Thau F. Ho, Stephen B. Baylin, Morris Muliaditan, Marcus Bantscheff, Elisabeth A. Minthorn, Thilo Werner, Alan P. Graves, Wendy A. Kellner, Phil Chapman, Mehul Patel, Anthony J. Jurewicz, Allan M. Jordan, Emma E. Fairweather, Rab K. Prinjha, Nino Campobasso, Anna Rutkowska, H. Christian Eberl, Ryan G. Kruger, Charles F. McHugh, Michael T. McCabe, Kristin M. Goldberg, Jon Paul Jaworski, Christopher L. Carpenter, Michael Steidel, Stuart Paul Romeril, Dirk A. Heerding, Lourdes Rueda, David T. Fosbenner, Amy N. Taylor, Jacques Briand, Shawn W. Foley, Arthur Groy, Andrew B. Benowitz, Xiaodong Cheng, Donald J. Ogilvie, Paola Grandi, Cunyu Zhang, Mei Li, Sarath Pathuri, Aidan G. Gilmartin, Christian S. Sherk, Juan I. Luengo, Mark Cockerill, Ali Raoof, Alexandra Stowell, Kathryn Keenan, Melissa B. Pappalardi, Makda Mebrahtu, Kristen Wong, Xing Zhang, Jessica L. Handler, Roger J. Butlin, John R. Horton, Susan Merrihew, Charlotte Burt, and Dean E. McNulty
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Cancer Research ,Methyltransferase ,Myeloid leukemia ,Decitabine ,Cytidine ,DNA ,DNA Methylation ,Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oncology ,chemistry ,CpG site ,embryonic structures ,DNA methylation ,Azacitidine ,Cancer research ,medicine ,Animals ,Epigenetics ,DNA Modification Methylases ,medicine.drug - Abstract
DNA methylation, a key epigenetic driver of transcriptional silencing, is universally dysregulated in cancer. Reversal of DNA methylation by hypomethylating agents, such as the cytidine analogs decitabine or azacytidine, has demonstrated clinical benefit in hematologic malignancies. These nucleoside analogs are incorporated into replicating DNA where they inhibit DNA cytosine methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B through irreversible covalent interactions. These agents induce notable toxicity to normal blood cells thus limiting their clinical doses. Herein we report the discovery of GSK3685032, a potent first-in-class DNMT1-selective inhibitor that was shown via crystallographic studies to compete with the active-site loop of DNMT1 for penetration into hemi-methylated DNA between two CpG base pairs. GSK3685032 induces robust loss of DNA methylation, transcriptional activation and cancer cell growth inhibition in vitro. Due to improved in vivo tolerability compared with decitabine, GSK3685032 yields superior tumor regression and survival mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia.
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- 2021
6. Spatially resolved human kidney multi-omics single cell atlas highlights the key role of the fibrotic microenvironment in kidney disease progression
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Amin Abedini, Ziyuan Ma, Julia Frederick, Poonam Dhillon, Michael S. Balzer, Rojesh Shrestha, Hongbo Liu, Steven Vitale, Kishor Devalaraja-Narashimha, Paola Grandi, Tanmoy Bhattacharyya, Erding Hu, Steven S. Pullen, Carine M Boustany-Kari, Paolo Guarnieri, Anil Karihaloo, Hanying Yan, Kyle Coleman, Matthew Palmer, Lea Sarov-Blat, Lori Morton, Christopher A. Hunter, Mingyao Li, and Katalin Susztak
- Abstract
Kidneys have one of the most complex three-dimensional cellular organizations in the body, but the spatial molecular principles of kidney health and disease are poorly understood. Here we generate high-quality single cell (sc), single nuclear (sn), spatial (sp) RNA expression and sn open chromatin datasets for 73 samples, capturing half a million cells from healthy, diabetic, and hypertensive diseased human kidneys. Combining the sn/sc and sp RNA information, we identify > 100 cell types and states and successfully map them back to their spatial locations. Computational deconvolution of spRNA-seq identifies glomerular/vascular, tubular, immune, and fibrotic spatial microenvironments (FMEs). Although injured proximal tubule cells appear to be the nidus of fibrosis, we reveal the complex, heterogenous cellular and spatial organization of human FMEs, including the highly intricate and organized immune environment. We demonstrate the clinical utility of the FME spatial gene signature for the classification of a large number of human kidneys for disease severity and prognosis. We provide a comprehensive spatially-resolved molecular roadmap for the human kidney and the fibrotic process and demonstrate the clinical utility of spatial transcriptomics.
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- 2022
7. Discovery of a Highly Selective BET BD2 Inhibitor from a DNA-Encoded Library Technology Screening Hit
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Stephen John Atkinson, Patricia F Medeiros, Paola Grandi, Simon Taylor, Chun-wa Chung, James Gray, Robert J. Watson, Ian D. Wall, Alexander L. Satz, Rab K. Prinjha, Francesco Rianjongdee, Alex Preston, Emmanuel Hubert Demont, Gang Yao, Alex Phillipou, Inmaculada Rioja, Cassie Messenger, and Laura J. Kaushansky
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Proteins ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,hemic and immune systems ,Chemical probe ,Clinical settings ,DNA ,Computational biology ,Highly selective ,Bromodomain ,Small Molecule Libraries ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Safety profile ,Protein Domains ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Molecular Medicine ,A-DNA - Abstract
Second-generation bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) inhibitors, which selectively target one of the two bromodomains in the BET proteins, have begun to emerge in the literature. These inhibitors aim to help determine the roles and functions of each domain and assess whether they can demonstrate an improved safety profile in clinical settings compared to pan-BET inhibitors. Herein, we describe the discovery of a novel BET BD2-selective chemotype using a structure-based drug design from a hit identified by DNA-encoded library technologies, showing a structural differentiation from key previously reported greater than 100-fold BD2-selective chemotypes GSK620, GSK046, and ABBV-744. Following a structure-based hypothesis for the selectivity and optimization of the physicochemical properties of the series, we identified 60 (GSK040), an in vitro ready and in vivo capable BET BD2-inhibitor of unprecedented selectivity (5000-fold) against BET BD1, excellent selectivity against other bromodomains, and good physicochemical properties. This novel chemical probe can be added to the toolbox used in the advancement of epigenetics research.
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- 2021
8. Identification of a Series of N-Methylpyridine-2-carboxamides as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the Second Bromodomain (BD2) of the Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Proteins
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Antonia J. Lewis, Anna K. Bassil, Lee Andrew Harrison, Darren Jason Mitchell, Dave Lugo, Robert J. Watson, James Gray, Rab K. Prinjha, Alex Preston, Anne-Marie Michon, Ian D. Wall, Simon Taylor, Chun-wa Chung, Jonathan Thomas Seal, Stephen John Atkinson, Etienne Levernier, Paola Grandi, Emmanuel Hubert Demont, Inmaculada Rioja, James Michael Woolven, and Cassie Messenger
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BRD4 ,Drug discovery ,Chemistry ,In vivo ,Drug Discovery ,Aqueous solubility ,Molecular Medicine ,Molecule ,Solubility ,Selectivity ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Bromodomain - Abstract
Domain-specific BET bromodomain ligands represent an attractive target for drug discovery with the potential to unlock the therapeutic benefits of antagonizing these proteins without eliciting the toxicological aspects seen with pan-BET inhibitors. While we have reported several distinct classes of BD2 selective compounds, namely, GSK620, GSK549, and GSK046, only GSK046 shows high aqueous solubility. Herein, we describe the lead optimization of a further class of highly soluble compounds based upon a picolinamide chemotype. Focusing on achieving >1000-fold selectivity for BD2 over BD1 ,while retaining favorable physical chemical properties, compound 36 was identified as being 2000-fold selective for BD2 over BD1 (Brd4 data) with >1 mg/mL solubility in FaSSIF media. 36 represents a valuable new in vivo ready molecule for the exploration of the BD2 phenotype.
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- 2021
9. MP54-03 CORE1: PHASE 2, SINGLE ARM STUDY OF CG0070 COMBINED WITH PEMBROLIZUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH NON MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER (NMIBC) UNRESPONSIVE TO BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN (BCG)
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Roger Li, Gary Steinberg, Donald Lamm, Ed M. Uchio, Paras Shah, Ashish M. Kamat, Nataliya Hnat, Michael J. Chisamore, Paola Grandi, and James Burke
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Urology - Published
- 2022
10. Template-Hopping Approach Leads to Potent, Selective, and Highly Soluble Bromo and Extraterminal Domain (BET) Second Bromodomain (BD2) Inhibitors
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Emmanuel Hubert Demont, Jonathan Thomas Seal, Stephen John Atkinson, Anna K. Bassil, Paola Grandi, Robert J. Watson, Thomas George Christopher Hayhow, James Gray, Chun-wa Chung, Aylott Helen Elizabeth, Alexander N Phillipou, Darren Jason Mitchell, James Michael Woolven, Inmaculada Rioja, Laurie J. Gordon, Francesco Rianjongdee, Paul Bamborough, Ian D. Wall, Rab K. Prinjha, Alex Preston, Lee Andrew Harrison, and Cassie Messenger
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0303 health sciences ,Drug discovery ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bromodomain ,Small Molecule Libraries ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Protein Domains ,chemistry ,Drug Design ,Amide ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Molecular Medicine ,Acetamide ,Transcription Factors ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
A number of reports have recently been published describing the discovery and optimization of bromo and extraterminal inhibitors which are selective for the second bromodomain (BD2); these include our own work toward GSK046 (3) and GSK620 (5). This paper describes our approach to mitigating the genotoxicity risk of GSK046 by replacement of the acetamide functionality with a heterocyclic ring. This was followed by a template-hopping and hybridization approach, guided by structure-based drug design, to incorporate learnings from other BD2-selective series, optimize the vector for the amide region, and explore the ZA cleft, leading to the identification of potent, selective, and bioavailable compounds 28 (GSK452), 39 (GSK737), and 36 (GSK217).
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- 2021
11. The Optimization of a Novel, Weak Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Bromodomain Fragment Ligand to a Potent and Selective Second Bromodomain (BD2) Inhibitor
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Stephen John Atkinson, Royston C. B. Copley, Matthew J Lindon, Rab K. Prinjha, Alex Preston, James Michael Woolven, Jonathan Thomas Seal, Chun-wa Chung, James Gray, Thomas George Christopher Hayhow, Laurie J. Gordon, Emmanuel Hubert Demont, Aylott Helen Elizabeth, Paola Grandi, Lee Andrew Harrison, Inmaculada Rioja, Robert J. Watson, Simon Taylor, Cassie Messenger, Ian D. Wall, Anne-Marie Michon, Darren Jason Mitchell, and Paul Bamborough
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Male ,Stereochemistry ,Protein domain ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Administration, Oral ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Molecular Dynamics Simulation ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,Ligands ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Dogs ,Protein Domains ,In vivo ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Humans ,Structure–activity relationship ,Rats, Wistar ,Binding site ,Binding Sites ,Chemistry ,Ligand ,Hydrogen Bonding ,Amides ,Phenotype ,Rats ,Bromodomain ,Molecular Medicine ,Selectivity ,Half-Life ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
The profound efficacy, yet associated toxicity of pan-BET inhibitors is well documented. The possibility of an ameliorated safety profile driven by significantly selective (>100-fold) inhibition of a subset of the eight bromodomains is enticing, but challenging given the close homology. Herein, we describe the X-ray crystal structure-directed optimization of a novel weak fragment ligand with a pan-second bromodomain (BD2) bias, to potent and highly BD2 selective inhibitors. A template hopping approach, enabled by our parallel research into an orthogonal template (15, GSK046), was the basis for the high selectivity observed. This culminated in two tool molecules, 20 (GSK620) and 56 (GSK549), which showed an anti-inflammatory phenotype in human whole blood, confirming their cellular target engagement. Excellent broad selectivity, developability, and in vivo oral pharmacokinetics characterize these tools, which we hope will be of broad utility to the field of epigenetics research.
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- 2020
12. Design and Synthesis of a Highly Selective and In Vivo-Capable Inhibitor of the Second Bromodomain of the Bromodomain and Extra Terminal Domain Family of Proteins
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Peter D. Craggs, Darren Jason Mitchell, Rab K. Prinjha, Alex Preston, James Michael Woolven, Laurie J. Gordon, Simon Taylor, Paul Bamborough, Chun-wa Chung, Paola Grandi, James Gray, Francesco Rianjongdee, Matthew J Lindon, Anne-Marie Michon, Emma J. Jones, Inmaculada Rioja, Robert J. Watson, Ian D. Wall, Stephen John Atkinson, Emmanuel Hubert Demont, and Jonathan Thomas Seal
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0303 health sciences ,Chemistry ,Protein domain ,Highly selective ,01 natural sciences ,Phenotype ,In vitro ,0104 chemical sciences ,Cell biology ,Bromodomain ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,In vivo ,Drug Discovery ,Molecular Medicine ,Structure–activity relationship ,Binding site ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Pan-bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) inhibitors interact equipotently with the eight bromodomains of the BET family of proteins and have shown profound efficacy in a number of in vitro phenotypic assays and in vivo pre-clinical models in inflammation or oncology. A number of these inhibitors have progressed to the clinic where pharmacology-driven adverse events have been reported. To better understand the contribution of each domain to their efficacy and improve their safety profile, selective inhibitors are required. This article discloses the profile of GSK046, also known as iBET-BD2, a highly selective inhibitor of the second bromodomains of the BET proteins that has undergone extensive pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo characterization.
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- 2020
13. GSK789: A Selective Inhibitor of the First Bromodomains (BD1) of the Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Proteins
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Peter Ernest Soden, Massimo Petretich, Robert J. Watson, Laurie J. Gordon, Chun-wa Chung, Paola Grandi, Alex Phillipou, Paul Bamborough, Emmanuel Hubert Demont, Rab K. Prinjha, Inmaculada Rioja, Thilo Werner, Robert E. Davis, and Heather A. Barnett
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Cellular activity ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Molecular Dynamics Simulation ,Quinolones ,Pharmacology ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Protein Domains ,In vivo ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Naphthyridines ,Cell Proliferation ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Binding Sites ,Chemistry ,hemic and immune systems ,Highly selective ,In vitro ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bromodomain ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities ,Molecular Medicine ,Half-Life ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Pan-bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) inhibitors interact equipotently with all eight bromodomains of the BET family of proteins. They have shown profound efficacy in vitro and in vivo in oncology and immunomodulatory models, and a number of them are currently in clinical trials where significant safety signals have been reported. It is therefore important to understand the functional contribution of each bromodomain to assess the opportunity to tease apart efficacy and toxicity. This article discloses the in vitro and cellular activity profiles of GSK789, a potent, cell-permeable, and highly selective inhibitor of the first bromodomains of the BET family.
- Published
- 2020
14. GSK973 Is an Inhibitor of the Second Bromodomains (BD2s) of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) Family
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Anne-Marie Michon, Rab K. Prinjha, Alex Preston, Laurie J. Gordon, Inmaculada Rioja, Pierre Thesmar, Emmanuel Hubert Demont, James Michael Woolven, Stephen John Atkinson, Jon T. Seal, Cassie Messenger, Lee Andrew Harrison, Paola Grandi, Darren Jason Mitchell, Robert J. Watson, Simon Taylor, Chun-wa Chung, James Gray, Antonia J. Lewis, Ian D. Wall, Dave Lugo, and Paul Bamborough
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010405 organic chemistry ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,hemic and immune systems ,Pharmacology ,Highly selective ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,In vitro ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bromodomain ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Safety profile ,In vivo ,Drug Discovery ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
[Image: see text] Pan-BET inhibitors have shown profound efficacy in a number of in vivo preclinical models and have entered the clinic in oncology trials where adverse events have been reported. These inhibitors interact equipotently with the eight bromodomains of the BET family of proteins. To better understand the contribution of each domain to their efficacy and to improve from their safety profile, selective inhibitors are required. This Letter discloses the profile of GSK973, a highly selective inhibitor of the second bromodomains of the BET proteins that has undergone extensive preclinical in vitro and in vivo characterization.
- Published
- 2020
15. Optimization of Orally Bioavailable PI3Kδ Inhibitors and Identification of Vps34 as a Key Selectivity Target
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Giovanna Bergamini, Stefano Livia, Kenneth David Down, Marcus Bantscheff, Nick Barton, Friedrich B M Reinhard, Paola Grandi, Daniel Thomas, David N. Mallett, Paul Martin Gore, Sophie M. Bertrand, Z.A. Henley, Edith M. Hessel, James E. Rowedder, Mark Price, J. Nicole Hamblin, Birgit Dümpelfeld, Augustin Amour, Steve Keeling, Christina Rau, Máire A. Convery, Chris D. Edwards, Jonathan A. Taylor, Paul Rowland, and Aoife C. Maxwell
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Models, Molecular ,Cell Membrane Permeability ,Cell membrane permeability ,Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Biological Availability ,Class iii ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,Binding, Competitive ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Humans ,Structure–activity relationship ,Potency ,Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors ,Drug discovery ,Chemistry ,Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Rats ,Bioavailability ,Isoenzymes ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Toxicity ,Molecular Medicine ,Selectivity - Abstract
Optimization of a lead series of PI3Kδ inhibitors based on a dihydroisobenzofuran core led to the identification of potent, orally bioavailable compound 19. Selectivity profiling of compound 19 showed similar potency for class III PI3K, Vps34, and PI3Kδ, and compound 19 was not well-tolerated in a 7-day rat toxicity study. Structure-based design led to an improvement in selectivity for PI3Kδ over Vps34 and, a focus on oral phramacokinetics properties resulted in the discovery of compound 41, which showed improved toxicological outcomes at similar exposure levels to compound 19.
- Published
- 2019
16. GBM-Targeted oHSV Armed with Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Enhances Anti-tumor Activity and Animal Survival
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William F. Goins, Aofei Li, Nduka Amankulor, Joseph C. Glorioso, Balveen Kaur, Chelsea Bolyard, Paola Grandi, E. Antonio Chiocca, Mingdi Zhang, Paola Sette, Marco Marzulli, Timothy P. Cripe, Daniela Leronni, and Jianhua Yu
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0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,OVs derived from herpes simplex virus = oHSV ,Glioblastoma multiforme = GBM ,Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique) ,extracellular matrix = ECM ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,MMP9 ,Oncolytic vectors = OVs ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Article ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Vector (molecular biology) ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,biology ,business.industry ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,3. Good health ,Oncolytic virus ,030104 developmental biology ,Herpes simplex virus ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,matrix metalloproteinase 9 = MMP9 ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,business - Abstract
The use of mutant strains of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) in early-phase human clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has proven safe, but limited efficacy suggests that more potent vector designs are required for effective GBM therapy. Inadequate vector performance may derive from poor intratumoral vector replication and limited spread to uninfected cells. Vector replication may be impaired by mutagenesis strategies to achieve vector safety, and intratumoral virus spread may be hampered by vector entrapment in the tumor-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) that in GBM is composed primarily of type IV collagen. In this report, we armed our previously described epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)vIII-targeted, neuronal microRNA-sensitive oHSV with a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) to improve intratumoral vector distribution. We show that vector-expressed MMP9 enhanced therapeutic efficacy and long-term animal survival in a GBM xenograft model. Keywords: matrix metalloproteinase 9 = MMP9, extracellular matrix = ECM, Oncolytic vectors = OVs, Glioblastoma multiforme = GBM, OVs derived from herpes simplex virus = oHSV
- Published
- 2019
17. Optimization of a series of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans as highly potent, second bromodomain (BD2)-selective, bromo and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors
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Ian D. Wall, Thomas Grimes, Laurie J. Gordon, James Michael Woolven, Simon Taylor, Robert P. Davis, Simon C. C. Lucas, Chun-wa Chung, James J R Gray, Paola Grandi, Nicholas C. O. Tomkinson, Rab K. Prinjha, Robert J. Watson, Inmaculada Rioja, Alex Preston, Alexander N Phillipou, Stephen John Atkinson, and Emmanuel Hubert Demont
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RM ,QL ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,Proteins ,Combinatorial chemistry ,In vitro ,Bromodomain ,RS ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Solubility ,Pharmacokinetics ,In vivo ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Molecular Medicine ,Selectivity ,Benzofurans - Abstract
Herein, a series of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans have been developed as highly potent bromo and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors with 1000-fold selectivity for the second bromodomain (BD2) over the first bromodomain (BD1). Investment in the development of two orthogonal synthetic routes delivered inhibitors that were potent and selective but had raised in vitro clearance and suboptimal solubility. Insertion of a quaternary center into the 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran core blocked a key site of metabolism and improved the solubility. This led to the development of inhibitor 71 (GSK852): a potent, 1000-fold-selective, highly soluble compound with good in vivo rat and dog pharmacokinetics.
- Published
- 2021
18. Fragment-based Scaffold Hopping: Identification of Potent, Selective, and Highly Soluble Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Second Bromodomain (BD2) Inhibitors
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Alex Phillipou, Ryan G. Kruger, Simon Taylor, Chun-wa Chung, Rab K. Prinjha, Laurie J. Gordon, Robert J. Watson, James Gray, Alex Preston, James J. Foley, Cassie Messenger, Anna K. Bassil, Inmaculada Rioja, James Michael Woolven, Xi-Ping Zhang, Francesco Rianjongdee, Paola Grandi, Jeanne J. Matteo, Anastasia Wyce, Ian D. Wall, Paul Bamborough, Darren Jason Mitchell, Lee Andrew Harrison, Michael T. McCabe, Stephen John Atkinson, Jonathan Thomas Seal, and Emmanuel Hubert Demont
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Improved solubility ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Proteins ,Pyrazole ,Scaffold hopping ,Bromodomain ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Safety profile ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Drug Discovery ,Molecular Medicine ,Humans ,Pyrazoles ,Furans ,Pyrrole - Abstract
The profound efficacy of pan-BET inhibitors is well documented, but these epigenetic agents have shown pharmacology-driven toxicity in oncology clinical trials. The opportunity to identify inhibitors with an improved safety profile by selective targeting of a subset of the eight bromodomains of the BET family has triggered extensive medicinal chemistry efforts. In this article, we disclose the identification of potent and selective drug-like pan-BD2 inhibitors such as pyrazole 23 (GSK809) and furan 24 (GSK743) that were derived from the pyrrole fragment 6. We transpose the key learnings from a previous pyridone series (GSK620 2 as a representative example) to this novel class of inhibitors, which are characterized by significantly improved solubility relative to our previous research.
- Published
- 2021
19. Identification of a Series of
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Lee A, Harrison, Stephen J, Atkinson, Anna, Bassil, Chun-Wa, Chung, Paola, Grandi, James R J, Gray, Etienne, Levernier, Antonia, Lewis, David, Lugo, Cassie, Messenger, Anne-Marie, Michon, Darren J, Mitchell, Alex, Preston, Rab K, Prinjha, Inmaculada, Rioja, Jonathan T, Seal, Simon, Taylor, Ian D, Wall, Robert J, Watson, James M, Woolven, and Emmanuel H, Demont
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Models, Molecular ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Molecular Structure ,Pyridines ,Humans ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Domain-specific BET bromodomain ligands represent an attractive target for drug discovery with the potential to unlock the therapeutic benefits of antagonizing these proteins without eliciting the toxicological aspects seen with pan-BET inhibitors. While we have reported several distinct classes of BD2 selective compounds, namely, GSK620, GSK549, and GSK046, only GSK046 shows high aqueous solubility. Herein, we describe the lead optimization of a further class of highly soluble compounds based upon a picolinamide chemotype. Focusing on achieving1000-fold selectivity for BD2 over BD1 ,while retaining favorable physical chemical properties, compound
- Published
- 2021
20. Updates on Oncolytic Virus Immunotherapy for Cancers
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Fares Nigim, Paola Grandi, and Cole Peters
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0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,business.industry ,Immune checkpoint inhibitors ,Systems biology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunotherapy ,Meeting Report ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Virus ,Oncolytic virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,Molecular Medicine ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,business - Abstract
The 2018 annual Cambridge Healthtech Institute’s International Immuno-Oncology Summit in Boston, MA convened late August, and academic and industry researchers were allowed to debate and discuss oncolytic virology during the virus immunotherapy portion of the conference. The breakthrough agent, TVEC/IMLYGIC, as well as most other oncolytic viruses (OVs) in clinical trials, are demonstrating an immense synergy with T cell checkpoint inhibitors. To this extent, the marriage of T cell checkpoint inhibitors and OV is now vastly accepted, indicating the next phase in OVs is the recruitment of the immune system, and tailoring the immune response toward tumor clearance is a far better strategy than directly lysing the tumor outright with virus. The next field-shaping question for OVs is how to convert a patient’s immune response against their tumor. The talks this year focused on whether OVs can cause the emergence of a strong anti-tumor immunity intrinsically or whether vectors, which educate the immune system to detect tumor antigens, were more efficacious. Speakers presented novel transgenes to arm OVs and systems biology approaches to discover the best viral backbones to engineer into vectors. Here we summarize the meeting’s keynote talks, thematic principles running through the summit, and current developments in the OV field.
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- 2019
21. Abstract CT529: A Phase 1b Study of CG0070 combined with nivolumab in cisplatin ineligible patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer
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Roger Li, Wade Sexton, Phillipe Spiess, Scott Gilbert, Julio Pow-Sang, Jingsong Zhang, Gustavo Borjas, Paola Grandi, James Burke, Rohit Jain, and Jose Conejo-Garcia
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Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
Background: Up to 50% of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are unable to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, creating an unmet clinical need for alternative systemic treatment. Results from recent neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) studies signal pCR rates between 31-42%. However, there was a clear dichotomy in response between patients with high vs. low pre-treatment lymphocytic infiltration. In tumors exhibiting immune excluded or immune desert phenotypes, therapeutic strategies to attract CD8+ T cells infiltration prior to ICB may be beneficial. CG0070 is an oncolytic adenovirus designed to preferentially replicate through a transcriptionally regulated promoter that is up-regulated in RB-pathway-defective cells (>70% of MIBC). In addition, CG0070 expresses GM-CSF to attract antigen presenting cells to the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesize that combination therapy using intravesical CG0070 and systemic Nivolumab is 1) safe and 2) can enhance local and systemic treatment response in the neoadjuvant setting against MIBC. Methods: This is a phase Ib trial evaluating 2 doses of nivolumab (4 weeks apart) with 6 weekly intravesical CG0070 followed by cystectomy. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) will be assessed in 6 DLT-evaluable patients in a safety lead-in phase. The combination would be declared tolerable if the incidence of DLTs is Citation Format: Roger Li, Wade Sexton, Phillipe Spiess, Scott Gilbert, Julio Pow-Sang, Jingsong Zhang, Gustavo Borjas, Paola Grandi, James Burke, Rohit Jain, Jose Conejo-Garcia. A Phase 1b Study of CG0070 combined with nivolumab in cisplatin ineligible patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr CT529.
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- 2022
22. Abstract CT036: CORE1: Phase 2, single arm study of CG0070 combined with pembrolizumab in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
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Roger Li, Gary Steinberg, Paras Shah, Ed Uchio, Donald Lamm, Trinity Bivalacqua, Vignesh Packiam, Ashish Kamat, Michael Chisamore, John McAdory, Paola Grandi, Jee-Hyun Kim, and James Burke
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Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
Introduction: CG0070, is an Ad5-based oncolytic vaccine engineered to express GM-CSF and replicate selectively in tumor cells with mutated or deficient RB. The CG0070 mechanism of action includes cell lysis and immunogenic cell death which is enhanced in the presence of GM-CSF. In an open label ph. 2 study, an overall CR rate of 62% and a CR at 12 months (m) of 29% have been observed in patients with high risk NMIBC previously treated with BCG. IV pembrolizumab, was recently approved by the FDA for patients with BCG-unresponsive CIS (with or without papillary tumors) with an overall complete RR of 41% and a 12 m CR rate of ~20%.This ph. 2 study will assess the potential synergy of the two agents in the treatment of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. Methods:35 pts with BCG-unresponsive CIS with or without concurrent Ta or T1 disease will be treated with intravescical CG0070 (1x1012 vp) in combination with pembrolizumab at a dose of 400 mg IV q6 weeks. CG0070 will be administered weekly x 6 as induction followed by weekly x 3 maintenance instillations at months 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18. Pts with persistent CIS or HG Ta at 3 m may receive re-induction with weekly x 6 of CG0070. Pembrolizumab will be administered up to 24 m. Assessment of response will include q 3 m cystoscopy with biopsy of areas suspicious for disease, urine cytology, CTU/MRU, and mandatory bladder mapping biopsies at 12 m. Recurrence of HG disease will be enumerated as disease recurrence. The primary endpoint of the study is CR at 12 m. Secondary endpoints will include CR at any time, progression free survival, duration of response, cystectomy free survival and the safety of the combination. Correlate assessments will include changes in the tumor immune microenvironment, systemic immune induction, viral replication and transgene expression. Baseline expression of PD-L1, coxsackie adenovirus receptor, E2F transcription factor as well as anti-Ad5 Ab titer will be correlated with tumor response. Results: Thus far, 10 patients are evaluable at the 3 m timepoint for efficacy. Assessment of these 10 pts demonstrates 100% CR at 3 mos. Six of the 10 pts have also reached the 6 m hallmark in a CR as well as 2 at the 12 mos timepoint. Treatment related AE have been limited to transient grade 1-2 local-regional genitourinary adverse events with no grade 3 or 4 treatment related AE reported date. Conclusions: This initial data on the efficacy and safety of CG0070 plus pembrolizumab for the treatment of BCG unresponsive NMIBC is encouraging. An update on the study will be provided at the time of presentation. Citation Format: Roger Li, Gary Steinberg, Paras Shah, Ed Uchio, Donald Lamm, Trinity Bivalacqua, Vignesh Packiam, Ashish Kamat, Michael Chisamore, John McAdory, Paola Grandi, Jee-Hyun Kim, James Burke. CORE1: Phase 2, single arm study of CG0070 combined with pembrolizumab in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr CT036.
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- 2022
23. CORE1: Phase 2, single-arm study of CG0070 combined with pembrolizumab in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) unresponsive to bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
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Roger Li, Gary D. Steinberg, Edward M. Uchio, Donald L. Lamm, Paras Shah, Ashish M. Kamat, Trinity Bivalacqua, Vignesh T. Packiam, Michael Jon Chisamore, John McAdory, Paola Grandi, Nataliya Hnat, and James Burke
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Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
4597 Background: CG0070, is an Ad5-based oncolytic vaccine engineered to express GM-CSF and replicate selectively in tumor cells with mutated or deficient RB. The CG0070 mechanism of action includes cell lysis and immunogenic cell death which is enhanced in the presence of GM-CSF. In an open label ph. 2 study, an overall CR rate of 62% and a CR at 12 months (m) of 29% have been observed in patients with high risk NMIBC previously treated with BCG. IV pembrolizumab, was recently approved by the FDA for patients with BCG-unresponsive CIS (with or without papillary tumors) with an overall complete RR of 41% and a 12 m CR rate of ̃20%. This ph. 2 study will assess the potential synergy of the two agents in the treatment of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. Methods: 35 pts with BCG-unresponsive CIS with or without concurrent Ta or T1 disease will be treated with intravescical CG0070 (1x1012 vp) in combination with pembrolizumab at a dose of 400 mg IV q6 weeks. CG0070 will be administered weekly x 6 as induction followed by weekly x 3 maintenance instillations at months 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18. Pts with persistent CIS or HG Ta at 3 m may receive re-induction with weekly x 6 of CG0070. Pembrolizumab will be administered up to 24 m. Assessment of response will include q 3 m cystoscopy with biopsy of areas suspicious for disease, urine cytology, CTU/MRU, and mandatory bladder mapping biopsies at 12 m. Recurrence of HG disease will be enumerated as disease recurrence. The primary endpoint of the study is CR at 12 m. Secondary endpoints will include CR at any time, progression free survival, duration of response, cystectomy free survival and the safety. Correlate assessments will include changes in the tumor immune microenvironment, systemic immune induction,viral replication and transgene expression. Baseline expression of PD-L1, coxsackie adenovirus receptor, E2F transcription factor as well as anti-Ad5 Ab titer will be correlated with tumor response. Results: A CR rate of 87.5% (14/16) at the 3 m assessment timepoint has been observed thus far. All patients in CR at 3 m remain in CR at downstream timepoints including: 9/9 at 6 m, 6/6 at 9 m, and 3/3 at 12 m. Treatment related AE have been generally limited to transient grade 1-2 local-regional genitourinary adverse events with no reports of grade 3, 4 or SAE attributed to treatment with CG0070/Pembroluzimab. Conclusions: This initial data on the efficacy and safety of CG0070 plus pembrolizumab for the treatment of BCG unresponsive NMIBC is encouraging. Additional data on efficacy as well as safety and biomarker (CAR, E2F, and PDL1) assessment will be presented for at least 25 of the projected 35 patients at the time of the conference. Clinical trial information: NCT04387461.
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- 2022
24. Preliminary results from phase Ib/II neoadjuvant CG0070 and nivolumab (N) for cisplatin (C)-ineligible muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC)
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Roger Li, Philippe E. Spiess, Wade J. Sexton, Scott Michael Gilbert, Michael Adam Poch, Julio M. Pow-Sang, Jingsong Zhang, Jasreman Dhillon, Kerry Thomas, Gustavo Borjas, Juliet Bala, Paola Grandi, James Burke, James J Mule, Jose Conejo-Garcia, and Rohit K. Jain
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Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
4574 Background: CG0070 is a replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus engineered to target RB deficient tumor cells and to express GM-CSF. CG0070 has previously demonstrated safety and efficacy against BCG-exposed high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer through tumor lysis and anti-tumor immune activation. We tested the safety and efficacy of CG0070 in combination with N as neoadjuvant therapy for MIBC in C-ineligible patients in this study (NCT04610671). Methods: C-ineligible pts with MIBC (cT2-4a, N≤1) were enrolled. Pts received 6 weekly intravesical CG0070 (1x1012vp) and 2 doses of N at wks 2 and 6, followed by radical cystectomy (RC). The primary objective is safety of CG0070+N as measured by CTCAEv5.0. Secondary objective is to assess pathologic response (PaR) (pT0N0). Exploratory objectives include the assessment of correlation between PaR with baseline 1) E2F expression; 2) immune infiltration; 3) PD-L1 expression; and 4) TLS expression. Results from a prespecified interim analysis following accrual of 15 patients is reported herein. Results: Between Nov 2020 and Jan 2022, 15 pts were enrolled with median age 75.5yrs, 73% male, 47% > cT2; 1 patient refused RC but was included in the ITT population. No DLTs were encountered. The overall rate of grade 3-4 AEs was 10/15 (75%), and the vast majority were related to RC (90%). Immune related AEs were seen in one pt, who had grade 2 autoimmune thyroiditis. There was no delay in time to RC and no unexpected surgical complications from treatment. PaR was observed in 6/13 (46%) evaluable pts, and an additional pt had negative post-treatment biopsy but refused RC. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant CG0070+N is safe and effective in C-ineligible pts with MIBC. This combination was well tolerated without any delays in RC and induced an overall response rate of 54%. Clinical trial information: NCT04610671. [Table: see text]
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- 2022
25. Screening strategies for identifying RNA- and ribonucleoprotein-targeted compounds
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Marco Marcia, William J. Martin, and Paola Grandi
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0301 basic medicine ,Pharmacology ,Screening techniques ,Computer science ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,RNA ,Computational biology ,Toxicology ,Ligands ,High-Throughput Screening Assays ,Small Molecule Libraries ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ribonucleoproteins ,Humans ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Ribonucleoprotein - Abstract
The past few years have witnessed important breakthroughs in the identification of compounds that specifically bind and regulate RNAs and in optimizing them for therapeutic use. Here, we review successful and unsuccessful approaches in screening for RNA-targeted small molecules. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of the different screening techniques and variables that affect the outcome of RNA-screening projects. We also highlight key challenges that hamper the development of quality RNA ligands, especially the still-low availability of RNA-specific compound libraries and the poor understanding of RNA structural dynamics. We conclude that the development of new RNA-targeting drugs would greatly benefit from integration of the power of high-throughput screening technologies with improved biochemical, structural, and computational characterization of RNA targets.
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- 2021
26. Jet-accretion system in the nearby mJy Radio Galaxies
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Duccio Macconi, B. Boccardi, Eleonora Torresi, Alessandro Capetti, and Paola Grandi
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Radio galaxy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Luminosity ,0103 physical sciences ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Jet (fluid) ,Horizon ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Accretion (astrophysics) ,Universe ,Magnetic field ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Excitation - Abstract
It is generally thought that FRII Radio Galaxies host thin optically thick disks, while FRIs are powered by Advected Dominated Accretion Flows. The sources with an efficient engine are optically classified as High Excitation Radio Galaxies (HERGs) and those with an inefficient motor as Low Excitation Radio Galaxies (LERGs). Recently, the study of Radio Galaxies down to mJy fluxes has cast serious doubts on the LERG-FRI and HERG-FRII correspondence, revealing that many LERGs show FRII radio morphologies. The FR catalogs recently compiled by Capetti et al. (2017a,b) and Baldi et al. (2018) have allowed us to explore this issue in the local ($z\le 0.15$) mJy Universe. Our statistical study shows that the majority of nearby mJy objects are in a late stage of their life. FRII-LERGs appear more similar to the old FRI-LERGs than to the young FRII-HERGs. FRII-LERGs may be aged HERGs that, exhausted the cold fuel, have changed their accretion regime or a separate LERG class particularly efficient in launching jets. Exploiting the empirical relations which convert L$_{\rm [OIII]}$ and L$_{\rm 1.4~GHz}$ into accretion power and jet kinetic power, respectively, we observed that LERGs with similar masses and accretion rates seem to expel jets of different power. We speculate that intrinsic differences related to the black hole properties (spin and magnetic field at its horizon) can determine the observed spread in jet luminosity. In this view, FRII-LERGs should have the fastest spinning black holes and/or the most intense magnetic fluxes. On the contrary, compact LERGs (i.e. FR0s) should host extremely slow black holes and/or weak magnetic fields., 16 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
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- 2021
27. The central FR0 in the sloshing cluster Abell 795: Indications of mechanical feedback from Chandra data
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Paola Grandi, Myriam Gitti, Fabrizio Brighenti, Francesco Ubertosi, Eleonora Torresi, Ubertosi F., Gitti M., Torresi E., Brighenti F., and Grandi P.
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Physics ,galaxy cluster ,Jet (fluid) ,radio galaxie ,Radio galaxy ,Slosh dynamics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Galaxy ,Space and Planetary Science ,Intracluster medium ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,X-rays ,Cluster (physics) ,AGN feedback ,Galaxy cluster - Abstract
We present a detailed study of the galaxy cluster Abell 795 and of its central Fanaroff-Riley Type 0 (FR0) radio galaxy. From an archival Chandra observation, we found a dynamically disturbed environment with evidences for sloshing of the intracluster medium. We argue that the environment alone cannot explain the compactness of the radio galaxy, as similar conditions are also found around extended sources. We identified a pair of putative X-ray cavities in the proximity of the center: These could have been created in a past outburst of the FR0, and dragged away by the large-scale gas movement. The presence of X-ray cavities associated with a FR0 could open a new window on the study of jet power and feedback properties of this recently discovered class of compact radio galaxies., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten. Contribution to the proceedings of the 6th Workshop on CSS and GPS radio sources, held in Toru\'n (Poland) in May 2015 (online meeting)
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- 2021
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28. Jet collimation in NGC 315 and other nearby AGN
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Gabriele Giovannini, Carolina Casadio, E. Madika, D. Macconi, Marcello Giroletti, U. Bach, B. Boccardi, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Luca Ricci, Manel Perucho, Vassilis Karamanavis, Eleonora Torresi, Paola Grandi, S. Pellegrini, Eduardo Ros, J. A. Zensus, Matthias Kadler, Boccardi, B., Perucho, M., Casadio, C., Grandi, P., Macconi, D., Torresi, E., Pellegrini, S., Krichbaum, T. P., Kadler, M., Giovannini, G., Karamanavis, V., Ricci, L., Madika, E., Bach, U., Ros, E., Giroletti, M., Zensus, J. A., and Publica
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Radio galaxy ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Galaxies: jet ,01 natural sciences ,Galaxies: individual: NGC 315 ,Astrophysical jet ,0103 physical sciences ,Thick disk ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Jet (fluid) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Radius ,Galaxies: Active ,Galaxy ,Accretion (astrophysics) ,Space and Planetary Science ,Instrumentation: high angular resolution ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Schwarzschild radius - Abstract
Aims. The collimation of relativistic jets in galaxies is a poorly understood process. Detailed radio studies of the jet collimation region have been performed so far in few individual objects, providing important constraints for jet formation models. However, the extent of the collimation zone as well as the nature of the external medium possibly confining the jet are still debated. Methods. In this article we present a multi-frequency and multi-scale analysis of the radio galaxy NGC 315, including the use of mm-VLBI data up to 86 GHz, aimed at revealing the evolution of the jet collimation profile. We then consider results from the literature to compare the jet expansion profile in a sample of 27 low-redshift sources, mainly comprising radio galaxies and BL Lacs, classified based on the accretion properties as low-excitation (LEG) and high-excitation (HEG) galaxies. Results.The jet collimation in NGC 315 is completed on sub-parsec scales. A transition from a parabolic to conical jet shape is detected at $z_{t}=0.58\pm0.28$ parsecs or ${\sim}5\times 10^3$ Schwarzschild radii ($R_{S}$) from the central engine, a distance which is much smaller than the Bondi radius, $r_{B}{\sim}92$ $\rm pc$, estimated based on X-ray data. The jet in this and in few other LEGs in our sample may be initially confined by a thick disk extending out to ${\sim}10^3$-$10^4$ $R_{S}$. A comparison between the mass-scaled jet expansion profiles of all sources indicates that jets in HEGs are surrounded by thicker disk-launched sheaths and collimate on larger scales with respect to jets in LEGs. These results suggest that disk winds play an important role in the jet collimation mechanism, particularly in high-luminosity sources. The impact of winds for the origin of the FRI/FRII dichotomy in radio galaxies is also discussed., 14 pages plus appendix, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
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- 2021
29. A new distant giant radio galaxy in the Boötes field serendipitously detected by Chandra
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Annalisa Celotti, Emily Moravec, Wendy L. Williams, Alberto Masini, and Paola Grandi
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Physics ,Galaxies: general ,Field (physics) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Radio galaxy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,BOOTES ,Astrophysics ,Galaxies: active ,01 natural sciences ,Astrophysics - high energy astrophysical phenomena ,Radio continuum: galaxies ,X-rays: galaxies ,Space and Planetary Science ,Galaxies: jets ,0103 physical sciences ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
Giant Radio Galaxies (GRGs) are the largest single structures in the Universe. Exhibiting extended radio morphology, their projected sizes range from 0.7 Mpc up to 4.9 Mpc. LOFAR has opened a new window on the discovery and investigation of GRGs and, despite the hundreds that are today known, their main growth catalyst is still debated. One natural explanation for the exceptional size of GRGs is their old age. In this context, hard X-ray selected GRGs show evidence of restarting activity, with the giant radio lobes being mostly disconnected from the nuclear source, if any. In this paper, we present the serendipitous discovery of a distant ($z=0.629$), medium X-ray selected GRG in the Bo\"otes field. High-quality, deep Chandra and LOFAR data allow a robust study of the connection between the nucleus and the lobes, at a larger redshift so far inaccessible to coded-mask hard X-ray instruments. The radio morphology of the GRG presented in this work does not show evidence for restarted activity, and the nuclear radio core spectrum does not appear to be GPS-like. On the other hand, the X-ray properties of the new GRG are perfectly consistent with the ones previously studied with Swift/BAT and INTEGRAL at lower redshift. In particular, the bolometric luminosity measured from the X-ray spectrum is a factor of six larger than the one derived from the radio lobes, although the large uncertainties make them formally consistent at $1\sigma$. Finally, the moderately dense environment around the GRG, traced by the spatial distribution of galaxies, supports recent findings that the growth of GRGs is not primarily driven by underdense environments., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
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- 2021
30. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation
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J.-P. Lenain, A. Domínguez, Jonathan Ivor Davies, T. Armstrong, A. A. Zdziarski, F. Gianotti, M. Balbo, E. O. Angüner, M. Marculewicz, Alasdair E. Gent, Alice Donini, Olivier Hervet, Henry Przybilski, Giacomo Principe, G. Leto, M. Peresano, Stefano Covino, P. A. Caraveo, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, D. de Martino, V. V. Vassiliev, D. Cauz, F. R. Pantaleo, U. Barres de Almeida, Pietro Bruno, E. Lindfors, M. Zavrtanik, G. Hughes, Miriam Lucio Martinez, P. Bordas, Y. Suda, G. S. Varner, R. Rando, K. Cerny, S. Pita, Csaba Balázs, E. Fiandrini, Michael Backes, Tomohiko Oka, Massimo Persic, Andrea Chiavassa, Johannes Veh, A. Stamerra, Fabrizio Tavecchio, B. Biasuzzi, Michael Punch, Soebur Razzaque, F. D'Ammando, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, F. Longo, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, P. Sangiorgi, E. M. Santos, D. Nosek, Gagik Tovmassian, J. L. Dournaux, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, A. Aguirre-Santaella, M. Orienti, Lluis Font, Andreas Quirrenbach, Philippe Laporte, Ralf Kissmann, Francesco Lucarelli, K. Noda, I. Jiménez Martínez, G. Romeo, Wystan Benbow, P. Romano, B. Bi, J. Grube, H.-S. Zechlin, Giacomo Bonnoli, Martin White, J. P. Osborne, Enrico Cascone, Marek Jamrozy, C. Alispach, Miroslav Pech, O. Cuevas, Petr Schovanek, K. Hayashi, V. I. Zhdanov, Javier Coronado-Blázquez, D. Medina Miranda, Barbara Balmaverde, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Frank M. Rieger, A. Shalchi, J. M. Paredes, Ruben Alfaro, N. Giglietto, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, Ayan Acharyya, Dominik Elsässer, S. Vercellone, D. Pimentel, T. Mizuno, Alessandro Bruno, Juan Abel Barrio, K. Kosack, Mauro Orlandini, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, P. Marquez, Adrian Biland, Y. Kobayashi, Nicholas F. H Tothill, M. de Naurois, Daniele Spiga, Lili Yang, L. Tibaldo, Pavel Horvath, M. Lopez, I. Sadeh, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, Reshmi Mukherjee, Gianpaolo Vettolani, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, R. Hnatyk, German Martinez, Diego F. Torres, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, N. Parmiggiani, G. Lamanna, Marcos Santander, S. Fegan, I. Vovk, M. Sánchez-Conde, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Norita Kawanaka, R. C. Shellard, Michael C. B. Ashley, J. Jurysek, Francisco J. Franco, Samuel Timothy Spencer, E. Rebert, J. Morales Merino, M. Pecimotika, Marco Berton, Regis Terrier, G. A. Beck, Carlos Díaz, J. L. Contreras, G. Zaharijas, R. Moderski, José-María Martí, A. Insolia, D. Zavrtanik, K. Kohri, Ladislav Chytka, T. Grabarczyk, A. Zech, M. Garczarczyk, Anastasia Sokolenko, J. Lefaucheur, R. A. Cameron, Moritz Hütten, S. Karkar, K. Pfrang, V. Poireau, Asaf Pe'er, A. Reimer, Fabio Acero, L. Freixas Coromina, David Sánchez, Jonathan S. Lapington, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, J.R. Hörandel, Mario Buscemi, Francesco Dazzi, Abelardo Moralejo, J. Bolmont, R. White, A. Rosales de Leon, J. Prast, Sabrina Einecke, Roberto Aloisio, Yvonne Becherini, Andreas Specovius, Shohei Yanagita, Juan Cortina, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Petr Janecek, D. Depaoli, Lucas Taylor, U. Schwanke, H. Abdalla, S. Recchia, Manuela Mallamaci, M. K. Daniel, Q. Feng, L. Baroncelli, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, Masatoshi Ohishi, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Nu. Komin, Federico Russo, R. de Cássia dos Anjos, Y. Ohira, Ferdinando Giordano, Nagisa Hiroshima, E. Garcia, Gavin Rowell, V. Bozhilov, Maxim V. Barkov, Dario Hrupec, I. Oya, F. Salesa Greus, Anna Wolter, M. Živec, R. Belmont, R. Adam, T. Reposeur, J. Rico, A. W. Chen, G. Pühlhofer, H. Prokoph, Stefan Wagner, F. Di Pierro, Fabrizio Bocchino, M. de Bony de Lavergne, A. Kong, Masha Chernyakova, M. Pohl, M. Vazquez Acosta, A. Nagai, A. Brill, Dusan Mandat, Jonathan Biteau, Martin Makariev, Catherine Boisson, E. Lyard, Gilles Maurin, H. Martínez-Huerta, Oscar Blanch, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, A. Berti, James E. M. Watson, Talvikki Hovatta, M. Valentino, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Elena Amato, M. V. Fonseca, Anderson Caproni, L. Mohrmann, P. Reichherzer, R. L. C. Starling, M. Seglar Arroyo, E. Orlando, B. Rudak, G. Emery, J. A. Green, Salvo Scuderi, M. Prouza, Tom Richtler, Bartłomiej Pilszyk, A. Carosi, Jacek Niemiec, Wolfgang Rhode, G. Ambrosi, D. Ribeiro, A. Wierzcholska, A. Ghalumyan, Eugenio Bottacini, Sylvain Chaty, A. Baquero Larriva, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, Fabian Leuschner, T. Di Girolamo, Alessandro Caccianiga, Martin Will, Saverio Lombardi, A. Fiasson, Mitsunari Takahashi, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, B. De Lotto, V. De Caprio, Stefano Truzzi, Dirk L. Hoffmann, M. Vecchi, Antonio Pagliaro, Jose J. Gonzalez, Wenwu Tian, R. Della Ceca, J. Becerra González, S. Nozaki, T. Vuillaume, S. L. Lloyd, Maria Ionica, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Petr Travnicek, Y. Ascasibar, Carlo Vigorito, F. Tuossenel, Malcolm Fairbairn, O. Martinez, Marco Iarlori, Serena Loporchio, Alessandro Costa, R. Pillera, A. Morselli, M. Heller, Jaime Rosado, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, V. Vitale, A. M. Brown, E. Molina, Takashi Saito, A. De Angelis, Thomas Murach, R. A. Ong, J. Bregeon, P. T. O'Brien, Mikael Jacquemont, P. Cristofari, Francesco Conte, Lab Saha, R. Walter, Vitalii Sliusar, W. Jin, Vito Conforti, N. Produit, H. Siejkowski, Lovro Pavletić, Carole Mundell, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. F. Glicenstein, Paresh Sharma, C. Delgado, Vladimír Karas, Luca Foffano, J. Granot, Manuel Meyer, Reiko Orito, G. Umana, G. Chiaro, D. Tonev, R. Wiemann, G. Manicò, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, Luca Tosti, Markus Böttcher, Andrea Bulgarelli, C. Díaz-Bahamondes, I. Jung-Richardt, Karol Seweryn, P. Piatteli, Agnieszka Slowikowska, Jan Ebr, M. Ostrowski, J. L. Rodriguez, D. della Volpe, Ermanno Pietropaolo, M. Caprai, T. Montaruli, A. Lopez, Rodrigo Nemmen, R. R. Prado, L. Arrabito, Atreyee Sinha, C. van Eldik, Serguei Vorobiov, Hidetoshi Sano, J. Alfaro, Sabrina Casanova, G. Maneva, B. Vallage, Valentina Fioretti, Carmelo Evoli, P. Kaaret, B. A. W. Mode, Agnieszka Majczyna, Sebastian Diebold, A. Scherer, F. de Palma, S. Hernández Cadena, V. Beshley, T.R.N. Ekoume, David A. Williams, M. Capasso, A. Halim, Alison Mitchell, Tomislav Terzić, Paola Grandi, Lorenzo Amati, Christopher Eckner, David Gascon, K. Nishijima, J. Becker Tjus, B. Khélifi, G. Galanti, Jamie Holder, Vincenzo Rizi, Orel Gueta, Daniele Gaggero, F. Pintore, Utane Sawangwit, Vassil Verguilov, Heide Costantini, F. Arqueros, Daniel Kerszberg, P. M. Chadwick, D. Zarić, Marc Ribó, Olga Sergijenko, Dario Grasso, Hidetoshi Kubo, Daniela Dorner, T. Stolarczyk, M. Gaug, R. Alves Batista, Elisa Bernardini, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Jim Hinton, Jelena Strišković, Andreu Sanuy, M. Servillat, V. Barbosa Martins, Giovanni Bonanno, S. Gunji, R. Wischnewski, S. Sarkar, Gianluca Giavitto, Takeshi Nakamori, M. Palatka, Maria Letizia Pumo, Camilla Maggio, M. Zacharias, Katsuaki Asano, Valerio Vagelli, Anton Dmytriiev, Ryo Yamazaki, M. Vacula, P. Goldoni, Gilles Fontaine, Hiroshi Muraishi, D. Mazin, Samo Stanič, G. Ghirlanda, M. Polo, M. Nievas, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Oleh Petruk, Jose Miguel Miranda, M. Iori, A. Marcowith, Y. Renier, Satoshi Fukami, M. Roncadelli, F. Leone, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Ana Luiza d'Ávila Viana, Y. Fukui, Max Harvey, Sera Markoff, I. Agudo, P. Temnikov, Vincenzo Testa, R. López-Coto, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, V. Gammaldi, T. Hassan Collado, H. Abe, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, S. D. Vergani, Sasa Micanovic, P. Vallania, Marina Manganaro, Elena Torresi, M. Giarrusso, G. Ferrand, Paweł Świerk, B. Patricelli, Matteo Cerruti, N. La Palombara, D. Morcuende-Parrilla, V. de Souza, Toshiaki Inada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Werner Hofmann, Michele Doro, E. Pueschel, A. Araudo, E. Sciacca, Thomas Lohse, A. Djannati-Ataï, Abdalla, H., Abe, H., Acero, F., Acharyya, A., Adam, R., Agudo, I., Aguirre-Santaella, A., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Ang??ner, E. O., Araudo, A., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ascas??bar, Y., Ashley, M., Backes, M., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Balmaverde, B., Baquero Larriva, A., Barbosa Martins, V., Barkov, M., Baroncelli, L., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Batista, P. -I., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Becherini, Y., Beck, G., Becker Tjus, J., Belmont, R., Benbow, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Bi, B., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Bocchino, F., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonanno, G., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bottacini, E., B??ttcher, M., Bozhilov, V., Bregeon, J., Brill, A., Brown, A. M., Bruno, P., Bruno, A., Bulgarelli, A., Burton, M., Buscemi, M., Caccianiga, A., Cameron, R., Capasso, M., Caprai, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cauz, D., Cerny, K., Cerruti, M., Chadwick, P., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Chiavassa, A., Chytka, L., Conforti, V., Conte, F., Contreras, J. L., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Covino, S., Cristofari, P., Cuevas, O., D'Ammando, F., Daniel, M. K., Davies, J., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., de Bony de Lavergne, M., De Caprio, V., de C??ssia dos Anjos, R., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lotto, B., De Martino, D., de Naurois, M., de O??a Wilhelmi, E., De Palma, F., de Souza, V., Delgado, C., Della Ceca, R., della Volpe, D., Depaoli, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., D??az, C., D??az-Bahamondes, C., Diebold, S., Djannati-Ata??, A., Dmytriiev, A., Dom??nguez, A., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J., Dwarkadas, V. V., Ebr, J., Eckner, C., Einecke, S., Ekoume, T. R. N., Els??sser, D., Emery, G., Evoli, C., Fairbairn, M., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Fioretti, V., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Franco, F. J., Freixas Coromina, L., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Gammaldi, V., Garcia, E., Garczarczyk, M., Gascon, D., Gaug, M., Gent, A., Ghalumyan, A., Ghirlanda, G., Gianotti, F., Giarrusso, M., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glicenstein, J., Goldoni, P., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gourgouliatos, K., Grabarczyk, T., Grandi, P., Granot, J., Grasso, D., Green, J., Grube, J., Gueta, O., Gunji, S., Halim, A., Harvey, M., Hassan Collado, T., Hayashi, K., Heller, M., Hern??ndez Cadena, S., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hnatyk, R., Hoffmann, D., Hofmann, W., Holder, J., Horan, D., H??randel, J., Horvath, P., Hovatta, T., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., H??tten, M., Iarlori, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Insolia, A., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Jacquemont, M., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jim??nez Mart??nez, I., Jin, W., Jung-Richardt, I., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Karas, V., Karkar, S., Kawanaka, N., Kerszberg, D., Kh??lifi, B., Kissmann, R., Kn??dlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kosack, K., Kubo, H., La Palombara, N., Lamanna, G., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Lefaucheur, J., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J., Leone, F., Leto, G., Leuschner, F., Lindfors, E., Lloyd, S., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., L??pez, M., L??pez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Lucarelli, F., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maggio, C., Majczyna, A., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Manic??, G., Marcowith, A., Marculewicz, M., Markoff, S., Marquez, P., Mart??, J., Martinez, O., Mart??nez, M., Mart??nez, G., Mart??nez-Huerta, H., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Mbarubucyeye, J. D., Medina Miranda, D., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Mode, B., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morales Merino, J., Morcuende-Parrilla, D., Morselli, A., Mukherjee, R., Mundell, C., Murach, T., Muraishi, H., Nagai, A., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas, M., Nikolajuk, M., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nozaki, S., O'Brien, P., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Oka, T., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlandini, M., Orlando, E., Osborne, J. P., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatka, M., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paredes, J. M., Parmiggiani, N., Patricelli, B., Pavleti??, L., Pe'Er, A., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piatteli, P., Pietropaolo, E., Pillera, R., Pilszyk, B., Pimentel, D., Pintore, F., Pita, S., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Polo, M., Prado, R. R., Prast, J., Principe, G., Produit, N., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., Pueschel, E., P??hlhofer, G., Pumo, M. L., Punch, M., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Rebert, E., Recchia, S., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, O., Reimer, A., Renier, Y., Reposeur, T., Rhode, W., Ribeiro, D., Rib??, M., Richtler, T., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Ramirez, J. C., Rodr??guez V??zquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rosales de Leon, A., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rujopakarn, W., Russo, F., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Salesa Greus, F., Sanchez, D., S??nchez-Conde, M., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santos, E. M., Sanuy, A., Sarkar, S., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Scherer, A., Schleicher, B., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Seglar Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Servillat, M., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Sharma, P., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sinha, A., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sokolenko, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spiga, D., Stamerra, A., Stani??, S., Starling, R., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Stri??kovi??, J., Suda, Y., wierk, P., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terrier, R., Terzic, T., Testa, V., Tian, W., Tibaldo, L., Tonev, D., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Truzzi, S., Tuossenel, F., Umana, G., Vacula, M., Vagelli, V., Valentino, M., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., van Eldik, C., Varner, G. S., Vassiliev, V., V??zquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Verguilov, V., Vettolani, G. P., Viana, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vorobiov, S., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., Watson, J., White, M., White, R., Wiemann, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Wolter, A., Yamazaki, R., Yanagita, S., Yang, L., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zaharijas, G., Zaric, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zhdanov, V. I., ivec, M., Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Academy of Finland, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, National Science Centre (Poland), Slovenian Research Agency, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Batista, R. A., Anguner, E. O., Ascasibar, Y., Larriva, A. B., Martins, V. B., De Almeida, U. B., Gonzalez, J. B., Tjus, J. B., Arbeletche, L. B., Bottcher, M., Angelis, A. D., De Lavergne, M. D. B., Caprio, V. D., De Dos Anjos, R. C., De Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., Lotto, B. D., Martino, D. D., De Naurois, M., Wilhelmi, E. D. O., DE PALMA, F., De Souza, V., Ceca, R. D., Volpe, D. D., Girolamo, T. D., Pierro, F. D., Diaz, C., Diaz-Bahamondes, C., Djannati-Atai, A., Dominguez, A., Elsasser, D., Coromina, L. F., Gonzalez, J. M., Collado, T. H., Cadena, S. H., Horandel, J., Hutten, M., Martinez, I. J., Khelifi, B., Knodlseder, J., Palombara, N. L., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Manico, G., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Miranda, D. M., Merino, J. M., Pavletic, L., Puhlhofer, G., Ribo, M., Fernandez, G. R., Ramirez, J. C. R., Vazquez, J. J. R., De Leon, A. R., Greus, F. S., Sanchez-Conde, M., Arroyo, M. S., Stanic, S., Striskovic, J., Swierk, P., Eldik, C. V., Acosta, M. V., Zivec, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdalla H., Abe H., Acero F., Acharyya A., Adam R., Agudo I., Aguirre-Santaella A., Alfaro R., Alfaro J., Alispach C., Aloisio R., Batista R.A., Amati L., Amato E., Ambrosi G., Anguner E.O., Araudo A., Armstrong T., Arqueros F., Arrabito L., Asano K., Ascasibar Y., Ashley M., Backes M., Balazs C., Balbo M., Balmaverde B., Larriva A.B., Martins V.B., Barkov M., Baroncelli L., De Almeida U.B., Barrio J.A., Batista P.-I., Gonzalez J.B., Becherini Y., Beck G., Tjus J.B., Belmont R., Benbow W., Bernardini E., Berti A., Berton M., Bertucci B., Beshley V., Bi B., Biasuzzi B., Biland A., Bissaldi E., Biteau J., Blanch O., Bocchino F., Boisson C., Bolmont J., Bonanno G., Arbeletche L.B., Bonnoli G., Bordas P., Bottacini E., Bottcher M., Bozhilov V., Bregeon J., Brill A., Brown A.M., Bruno P., Bruno A., Bulgarelli A., Burton M., Buscemi M., Caccianiga A., Cameron R., Capasso M., Caprai M., Caproni A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta R., Caraveo P., Carosi R., Carosi A., Casanova S., Cascone E., Cauz D., Cerny K., Cerruti M., Chadwick P., Chaty S., Chen A., Chernyakova M., Chiaro G., Chiavassa A., Chytka L., Conforti V., Conte F., Contreras J.L., Coronado-Blazquez J., Cortina J., Costa A., Costantini H., Covino S., Cristofari P., Cuevas O., D'Ammando F., Daniel M.K., Davies J., Dazzi F., Angelis A.D., De Lavergne M.D.B., Caprio V.D., De Dos Anjos R.C., De Gouveia Dal Pino E.M., Lotto B.D., Martino D.D., De Naurois M., Wilhelmi E.D.O., Palma F.D., De Souza V., Delgado C., Ceca R.D., Volpe D.D., Depaoli D., Girolamo T.D., Pierro F.D., Diaz C., Diaz-Bahamondes C., Diebold S., Djannati-Atai A., Dmytriiev A., Dominguez A., Donini A., Dorner D., Doro M., Dournaux J., Dwarkadas V.V., Ebr J., Eckner C., Einecke S., Ekoume T.R.N., Elsasser D., Emery G., Evoli C., Fairbairn M., Falceta-Goncalves D., Fegan S., Feng Q., Ferrand G., Fiandrini E., Fiasson A., Fioretti V., Foffano L., Fonseca M.V., Font L., Fontaine G., Franco F.J., Coromina L.F., Fukami S., Fukazawa Y., Fukui Y., Gaggero D., Galanti G., Gammaldi V., Garcia E., Garczarczyk M., Gascon D., Gaug M., Gent A., Ghalumyan A., Ghirlanda G., Gianotti F., Giarrusso M., Giavitto G., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Glicenstein J., Goldoni P., Gonzalez J.M., Gourgouliatos K., Grabarczyk T., Grandi P., Granot J., Grasso D., Green J., Grube J., Gueta O., Gunji S., Halim A., Harvey M., Collado T.H., Hayashi K., Heller M., Cadena S.H., Hervet O., Hinton J., Hiroshima N., Hnatyk B., Hnatyk R., Hoffmann D., Hofmann W., Holder J., Horan D., Horandel J., Horvath P., Hovatta T., Hrabovsky M., Hrupec D., Hughes G., Hutten M., Iarlori M., Inada T., Inoue S., Insolia A., Ionica M., Iori M., Jacquemont M., Jamrozy M., Janecek P., Martinez I.J., Jin W., Jung-Richardt I., Jurysek J., Kaaret P., Karas V., Karkar S., Kawanaka N., Kerszberg D., Khelifi B., Kissmann R., Knodlseder J., Kobayashi Y., Kohri K., Komin N., Kong A., Kosack K., Kubo H., Palombara N.L., Lamanna G., Lang R.G., Lapington J., Laporte P., Lefaucheur J., Lemoine-Goumard M., Lenain J., Leone F., Leto G., Leuschner F., Lindfors E., Lloyd S., Lohse T., Lombardi S., Longo F., Lopez A., Lopez M., Lopez-Coto R., Loporchio S., Lucarelli F., Luque-Escamilla P.L., Lyard E., Maggio C., Majczyna A., Makariev M., Mallamaci M., Mandat D., Maneva G., Manganaro M., Manico G., Marcowith A., Marculewicz M., Markoff S., Marquez P., Marti J., Martinez O., Martinez M., Martinez G., Martinez-Huerta H., Maurin G., Mazin D., Mbarubucyeye J.D., Miranda D.M., Meyer M., Micanovic S., Miener T., Minev M., Miranda J.M., Mitchell A., Mizuno T., Mode B., Moderski R., Mohrmann L., Molina E., Montaruli T., Moralejo A., Merino J.M., Morcuende-Parrilla D., Morselli A., Mukherjee R., Mundell C., Murach T., Muraishi H., Nagai A., Nakamori T., Nemmen R., Niemiec J., Nieto D., Nievas M., Nikolajuk M., Nishijima K., Noda K., Nosek D., Nozaki S., O'Brien P., Ohira Y., Ohishi M., Oka T., Ong R.A., Orienti M., Orito R., Orlandini M., Orlando E., Osborne J.P., Ostrowski M., Oya I., Pagliaro A., Palatka M., Paneque D., Pantaleo F.R., Paredes J.M., Parmiggiani N., Patricelli B., Pavletic L., Pe'Er A., Pech M., Pecimotika M., Peresano M., Persic M., Petruk O., Pfrang K., Piatteli P., Pietropaolo E., Pillera R., Pilszyk B., Pimentel D., Pintore F., Pita S., Pohl M., Poireau V., Polo M., Prado R.R., Prast J., Principe G., Produit N., Prokoph H., Prouza M., Przybilski H., Pueschel E., Puhlhofer G., Pumo M.L., Punch M., Queiroz F., Quirrenbach A., Rando R., Razzaque S., Rebert E., Recchia S., Reichherzer P., Reimer O., Reimer A., Renier Y., Reposeur T., Rhode W., Ribeiro D., Ribo M., Richtler T., Rico J., Rieger F., Rizi V., Rodriguez J., Fernandez G.R., Ramirez J.C.R., Vazquez J.J.R., Romano P., Romeo G., Roncadelli M., Rosado J., De Leon A.R., Rowell G., Rudak B., Rujopakarn W., Russo F., Sadeh I., Saha L., Saito T., Greus F.S., Sanchez D., Sanchez-Conde M., Sangiorgi P., Sano H., Santander M., Santos E.M., Sanuy A., Sarkar S., Saturni F.G., Sawangwit U., Scherer A., Schleicher B., Schovanek P., Schussler F., Schwanke U., Sciacca E., Scuderi S., Arroyo M.S., Sergijenko O., Servillat M., Seweryn K., Shalchi A., Sharma P., Shellard R.C., Siejkowski H., Sinha A., Sliusar V., Slowikowska A., Sokolenko A., Sol H., Specovius A., Spencer S., Spiga D., Stamerra A., Stanic S., Starling R., Stolarczyk T., Straumann U., Striskovic J., Suda Y., Swierk P., Tagliaferri G., Takahashi H., Takahashi M., Tavecchio F., Taylor L., Tejedor L.A., Temnikov P., Terrier R., Terzic T., Testa V., Tian W., Tibaldo L., Tonev D., Torres D.F., Torresi E., Tosti L., Tothill N., Tovmassian G., Travnicek P., Truzzi S., Tuossenel F., Umana G., Vacula M., Vagelli V., Valentino M., Vallage B., Vallania P., Eldik C.V., Varner G.S., Vassiliev V., Acosta M.V., Vecchi M., Veh J., Vercellone S., Vergani S., Verguilov V., Vettolani G.P., Viana A., Vigorito C.F., Vitale V., Vorobiov S., Vovk I., Vuillaume T., Wagner S.J., Walter R., Watson J., White M., White R., Wiemann R., Wierzcholska A., Will M., Williams D.A., Wischnewski R., Wolter A., Yamazaki R., Yanagita S., Yang L., Yoshikoshi T., Zacharias M., Zaharijas G., Zaric D., Zavrtanik M., Zavrtanik D., Zdziarski A.A., Zech A., Zechlin H., Zhdanov V.I., Zivec M., ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, AUS, BRA, BGR, CHL, HRV, FIN, JPN, IRL, MEX, NAM, NLD, POL, CZE, SVN, SWE, CHE, UKR, Astronomy, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Gamma ray Astronomy ,Cherenkov Telescope Array ,axions ,MATÉRIA ESCURA ,redshift: dependence ,Astronomy ,Gamma ray experiments ,gamma ray experiments ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Cosmology ,Observatory ,cosmological model: parameter space ,gamma ray experiment ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,astro-ph.HE ,Physics ,Cherenkov telescopes ,IACT technique ,Gamma rays ,Cosmic rays ,new physics ,4. Education ,Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Gamma-ray astronomy ,violation: Lorentz ,3. Good health ,observatory ,Extragalactic background light ,astro-ph.CO ,axion-like particles ,Física nuclear ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,gamma ray: propagation ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Active galactic nucleus ,Axions ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Dark matter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,invariance: Lorentz ,jet: relativistic ,dark matter: halo ,0103 physical sciences ,active galactic nuclei ,extragalactic magnetic fields ,AGN ,Blazar ,background ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Física ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,sensitivity ,axion ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,absorption ,statistical ,Blazars ,Telescopes - Abstract
Full list of authors: Abdalla, H.; Abe, H.; Acero, F.; Acharyya, A.; Adam, R.; Agudo, I; Aguirre-Santaella, A.; Alfaro, R.; Alfaro, J.; Alispach, C.; Aloisio, R.; Batista, R. Alves; Amati, L.; Amato, E.; Ambrosi, G.; Anguner, E. O.; Araudo, A.; Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.; Arrabito, L.; Asano, K.; Ascasibar, Y.; Ashley, M.; Backes, M.; Balazs, C.; Balbo, M.; Balmaverde, B.; Baquero Larriva, A.; Martins, V. Barbosa; Barkov, M.; Baroncelli, L.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; Batista, P-, I; Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Becherini, Y.; Beck, G.; Tjus, J. Becker; Belmont, R.; Benbow, W.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Berton, M.; Bertucci, B.; Beshley, V; Bi, B.; Biasuzzi, B.; Biland, A.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.; Blanch, O.; Bocchino, F.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Arbeletche, L. Bonneau; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Bottacini, E.; Bottcher, M.; Bozhilov, V; Bregeon, J.; Brill, A.; Brown, A. M.; Bruno, P.; Bruno, A.; Bulgarelli, A.; Burton, M.; Buscemi, M.; Caccianiga, A.; Cameron, R.; Capasso, M.; Caprai, M.; Caproni, A.; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; Caraveo, P.; Carosi, R.; Carosi, A.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.; Cauz, D.; Cerny, K.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P.; Chaty, S.; Chen, A.; Chernyakova, M.; Chiaro, G.; Chiavassa, A.; Chytka, L.; Conforti, V; Conte, F.; Contreras, J. L.; Coronado-Blazquez, J.; Cortina, J.; Costa, A.; Costantini, H.; Covino, S.; Cristofari, P.; Cuevas, O.; D'Ammando, F.; Daniel, M. K.; Davies, J.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; de Lavergne, M. de Bony; De Caprio, V; dos Anjos, R. de Cassia; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia; De Lotto, B.; De Martino, D.; de Naurois, M.; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona; De Palma, F.; de Souza, V; Delgado, C.; Della Ceca, R.; della Volpe, D.; Depaoli, D.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Pierro, F.; Diaz, C.; Diaz-Bahamondes, C.; Diebold, S.; Djannati-Atai, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Dominguez, A.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Dournaux, J.; Dwarkadas, V. V.; Ebr, J.; Eckner, C.; Einecke, S.; Ekoume, T. R. N.; Elsaesser, D.; Emery, G.; Evoli, C.; Fairbairn, M.; Falceta-Goncalves, D.; Fegan, S.; Feng, Q.; Ferrand, G.; Fiandrini, E.; Fiasson, A.; Fioretti, V; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M., V; Font, L.; Fontaine, G.; Franco, F. J.; Freixas Coromina, L.; Fukami, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukui, Y.; Gaggero, D.; Galanti, G.; Gammaldi, V; Garcia, E.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gascon, D.; Gaug, M.; Gent, A.; Ghalumyan, A.; Ghirlanda, G.; Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, M.; Giavitto, G.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Glicenstein, J.; Goldoni, P.; Gonzalez, J. M.; Gourgouliatos, K.; Grabarczyk, T.; Grandi, P.; Granot, J.; Grasso, D.; Green, J.; Grube, J.; Gueta, O.; Gunji, S.; Halim, A.; Harvey, M.; Collado, T. Hassan; Hayashi, K.; Heller, M.; Cadena, S. Hernandez; Hervet, O.; Hinton, J.; Hiroshima, N.; Hnatyk, B.; Hnatyk, R.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann, W.; Holder, J.; Horan, D.; Horandel, J.; Horvath, P.; Hovatta, T.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Hughes, G.; Hutten, M.; Iarlori, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Insolia, A.; Ionica, M.; Iori, M.; Jacquemont, M.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek, P.; Jimenez Martinez, I; Jin, W.; Jung-Richardt, I; Jurysek, J.; Kaaret, P.; Karas, V; Karkar, S.; Kawanaka, N.; Kerszberg, D.; Khelifi, B.; Kissmann, R.; Knodlseder, J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kohri, K.; Komin, N.; Kong, A.; Kosack, K.; Kubo, H.; La Palombara, N.; Lamanna, G.; Lang, R. G.; Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.; Leone, F.; Leto, G.; Leuschner, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lloyd, S.; Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez, A.; Lopez, M.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Loporchio, S.; Lucarelli, F.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Lyard, E.; Maggio, C.; Majczyna, A.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Manico, G.; Marcowith, A.; Marculewicz, M.; Markoff, S.; Marquez, P.; Marti, J.; Martinez, O.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, G.; Martinez-Huerta, H.; Maurin, G.; Mazin, D.; Mbarubucyeye, J. D.; Miranda, D. Medina; Meyer, M.; Micanovic, S.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mitchell, A.; Mizuno, T.; Mode, B.; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Molina, E.; Montaruli, T.; Moralejo, A.; Morales Merino, J.; Morcuende-Parrilla, D.; Morselli, A.; Mukherjee, R.; Mundell, C.; Murach, T.; Muraishi, H.; Nagai, A.; Nakamori, T.; Nemmen, R.; Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nievas, M.; Nikolajuk, M.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nosek, D.; Nozaki, S.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Oka, T.; Ong, R. A.; Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Orlandini, M.; Orlando, E.; Osborne, J. P.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I; Pagliaro, A.; Palatka, M.; Paneque, D.; Pantaleo, F. R.; Paredes, J. M.; Parmiggiani, N.; Patricelli, B.; Pavletic, L.; Pe'er, A.; Pech, M.; Pecimotika, M.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Petruk, O.; Pfrang, K.; Piatteli, P.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pillera, R.; Pilszyk, B.; Pimentel, D.; Pintore, F.; Pita, S.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V; Polo, M.; Prado, R. R.; Prast, J.; Principe, G.; Produit, N.; Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Przybilski, H.; Pueschel, E.; Puehlhofer, G.; Pumo, M. L.; Punch, M.; Queiroz, F.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rando, R.; Razzaque, S.; Rebert, E.; Recchia, S.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer, O.; Reimer, A.; Renier, Y.; Reposeur, T.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribo, M.; Richtler, T.; Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Rizi, V; Rodriguez, J.; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez; Ramirez, J. C. Rodriguez; Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J.; Romano, P.; Romeo, G.; Roncadelli, M.; Rosado, J.; de Leon, A. Rosales; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rujopakarn, W.; Russo, F.; Sadeh, I; Saha, L.; Saito, T.; Greus, F. Salesa; Sanchez, D.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sano, H.; Santander, M.; Santos, E. M.; Sanuy, A.; Sarkar, S.; Saturni, F. G.; Sawangwit, U.; Scherer, A.; Schleicher, B.; Schovanek, P.; Schussler, F.; Schwanke, U.; Sciacca, E.; Scuderi, S.; Arroyo, M. Seglar; Sergijenko, O.; Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Shalchi, A.; Sharma, P.; Shellard, R. C.; Siejkowski, H.; Sinha, A.; Sliusar, V; Slowikowska, A.; Sokolenko, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Spiga, D.; Stamerra, A.; Starling, R.; Stolarczyk, T.; Straumann, U.; Striskovic, J.; Suda, Y.; Tagliaferri, G.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Taylor, L.; Tejedor, L. A.; Temnikov, P.; Terrier, R.; Terzic, T.; Testa, V; Tian, W.; Tibaldo, L.; Tonev, D.; Torres, D. F.; Torresi, E.; Tosti, L.; Tothill, N.; Tovmassian, G.; Travnicek, P.; Truzzi, S.; Tuossenel, F.; Umana, G.; Vacula, M.; Vagelli, V.; Valentino, M.; Vallage, B.; Vallania, P.; van Eldik, C.; Varner, G. S.; Vassiliev, V.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Veh, J.; Vercellone, S.; Vergani, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vettolani, G. P.; Viana, A.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vorobiov, S.; Vovk, I; Vuillaume, T.; Wagner, S. J.; Walter, R.; Watson, J.; White, M.; White, R.; Wiemann, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Wischnewski, R.; Wolter, A.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yang, L.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Zacharias, M.; Zaharijas, G.; Zaric, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.; Zhdanov, V., I; Zivec, M., The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the new-generation ground-based observatory for γ astronomy, provides unique capabilities to address significant open questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. We study some of the salient areas of γ cosmology that can be explored as part of the Key Science Projects of CTA, through simulated observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of their relativistic jets. Observations of AGN with CTA will enable a measurement of γ absorption on the extragalactic background light with a statistical uncertainty below 15% up to a redshift z=2 and to constrain or detect γ halos up to intergalactic-magnetic-field strengths of at least 0.3 pG . Extragalactic observations with CTA also show promising potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. The best limits on Lorentz invariance violation from γ astronomy will be improved by a factor of at least two to three. CTA will also probe the parameter space in which axion-like particles could constitute a significant fraction, if not all, of dark matter. We conclude on the synergies between CTA and other upcoming facilities that will foster the growth of γ cosmology. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab., We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants CATA AFB 170002, ANID PIA/APOYO AFB 180002, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants, 1161463, 1170171, 1190886, 1171421, 1170345, 1201582, Gemini-ANID 32180007, Chile; Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croa tia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS M2015046, LM2018105, LTT17006, EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016007 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754, Czech Republic; Academy of Finland (grant nr.317636 and 320045), Finland; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OCEVU, OSUG2020 and P2IO, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, J1-9146, J1-1700, N1-0111, and the Young Researcher program, Slovenia; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; The Spanish groups acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish Research State Agency (AEI) through grants AYA2016-79724-C4-1-P, AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, BES-2016-076342, FPA2017-82729-C6-1-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-3-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-4-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, PGC2018-095161-B-I00, PGC2018-095512-B-I00, PID2019-107988GB-C22; the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” program through grants no. SEV-2016-0597, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2017-0709, CEX2019-000920-S; the “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu” program through grant no. MDM-2015-0509; the “Ramón y Cajal” programme through grants RYC-2013-14511, RYC-2017-22665; and the MultiDark Consolider Network FPA2017-90566-REDC. They also acknowledge the Atracción de Talento contract no. 2016-T1/TIC-1542 granted by the Comunidad de Madrid; the “Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship” programme from La Caixa Bank ing Foundation, grants no. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630014 and LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012; the “Programa Operativo” FEDER 2014-2020, Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. 1257737), PAIDI 2020 (Ref. P18-FR-1580) and Universidad de Jaén; “Programa Operativo de Crecimiento Inteligente” FEDER 2014-2020 (Ref. ESFRI-2017-IAC-12), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, 15% co-financed by Consejería de Economía, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento del Gobierno de Canarias; the Spanish AEI EQC2018-005094-P FEDER 2014-2020; the European Union’s “Horizon 2020” research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 665919; and the ESCAPE project with grant no. GA:824064; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Soci ety, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements No 262053 and No 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement No 676134. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement GammaRayCascades No 843800. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
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- 2021
31. BRD4 methylation by the methyltransferase SETD6 regulates selective transcription to control mRNA translation
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Paola Grandi, Mark A. Dawson, Lital Estrella Weil, Thilo Werner, Barak Rotblat, Panagis Filippakopoulos, Vered Chalifa-Caspi, Michal Feldman, Khawla Alasad, Dan Levy, Sarah Picaud, Ruth A. McAdam, Margarita Kublanovsky, Rab K. Prinjha, Trevor D. Chapman, Elina Abaev-Schneiderman, Huw D. Lewis, Zlata Vershinin, Marcus Bantscheff, Enid Y.N. Lam, and Menachem Y. Sklarz
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endocrine system ,Methyltransferase ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Biology ,complex mixtures ,Methylation ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Transcriptional regulation ,E2F1 ,Humans ,Epigenetics ,Protein Methyltransferases ,Research Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Nuclear Proteins ,SciAdv r-articles ,Translation (biology) ,Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ,Chromatin ,Bromodomain ,Cell biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Protein Biosynthesis ,bacteria ,biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,Transcription Factors ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Lysine methylation of BRD4 selectively determines the recruitment of E2F1 to specific target genes to regulate mRNA translation., The transcriptional coactivator BRD4 has a fundamental role in transcription regulation and thus became a promising epigenetic therapeutic candidate to target diverse pathologies. However, the regulation of BRD4 by posttranslational modifications has been largely unexplored. Here, we show that BRD4 is methylated on chromatin at lysine-99 by the protein lysine methyltransferase SETD6. BRD4 methylation negatively regulates the expression of genes that are involved in translation and inhibits total mRNA translation in cells. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that supports a model where BRD4 methylation by SETD6 does not have a direct role in the association with acetylated histone H4 at chromatin. However, this methylation specifically determines the recruitment of the transcription factor E2F1 to selected target genes that are involved in mRNA translation. Together, our findings reveal a previously unknown molecular mechanism for BRD4 methylation–dependent gene-specific targeting, which may serve as a new direction for the development of therapeutic applications.
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- 2020
32. A phase 3, single-arm study of CG0070 in subjects with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
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Edward M. Uchio, Donald L. Lamm, Neal D. Shore, Ashish M. Kamat, Mark Tyson, Ben Tran, Paul Anderson, Paola Grandi, and James M. Burke
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Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
TPS598 Background: CG0070 is a serotype 5 adenovirus engineered to express GM-CSF and replicate in cells with mutated or deficient RB, with response rates (RR) of approximately 45% observed in patients with recurrent NMIBC after BCG (J Urol. 2012;188:2391–7; Urol Oncol. 2018;36(10):440–7). This single arm phase 3 study (NCT04452591) was launched to confirm the clinical activity of CG0070 in patients with BCG Unresponsive NMIBC. Methods: 110 patients with BCG-unresponsive CIS with or without concurrent Ta or T1 disease will be treated with intravesical (IVe) CG0070 at a dose of 1x1012 vp. CG0070 will be administered as follows: induction weekly x 6 followed by weekly x 3 maintenance instillations at months 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18. Patients with persistent CIS or HG Ta at 3 months (m) may receive re-induction with weekly x 6 CG0070. Assessment of response will include q 3 m cystoscopy with biopsy of areas suspicious for disease, urine cytology, CTU/MRU, and mandatory bladder mapping at 12 m. Detection of high grade disease within the bladder will be enumerated as recurrence or non-response. The primary endpoint of the study is CR at any time on study as assessed by biopsy (directed to cystoscopic abnormalities and mandatory mapping at 12 m), urine cytology, and radiography, as above. Secondary endpoints include CR at 12 m, duration of response, progression free survival, cystectomy free survival and safety. Correlative assessments include changes in the tumor immune microenvironment, systemic immune induction as reflected in the peripheral blood and urine, as well as viral replication and transgene expression. Baseline expression of coxsackie adenovirus receptor, E2F transcription factor as well as anti-adenovirus antibody titer will be correlated with tumor response. Study enrollment globally is ongoing including in North America, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. Refs. Burke JM, Lamm DL, Meng MV, Nemunaitis JJ, Stephenson JJ, Arseneau JC, Aimi J, Lerner S, Yeung AW, Kazarian T, Maslyar DJ, McKiernan JM. A first in human phase 1 study of CG0070, a GM-CSF expressing oncolytic adenovirus, for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT04452591.
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- 2022
33. Design and Synthesis of a Highly Selective and
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Alex, Preston, Stephen, Atkinson, Paul, Bamborough, Chun-Wa, Chung, Peter D, Craggs, Laurie, Gordon, Paola, Grandi, James R J, Gray, Emma J, Jones, Matthew, Lindon, Anne-Marie, Michon, Darren J, Mitchell, Rab K, Prinjha, Francesco, Rianjongdee, Inmaculada, Rioja, Jonathan, Seal, Simon, Taylor, Ian, Wall, Robert J, Watson, James, Woolven, and Emmanuel H, Demont
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Binding Sites ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Molecular Dynamics Simulation ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,Amides ,Rats ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Protein Domains ,Drug Design ,Benzene Derivatives ,Microsomes, Liver ,Animals ,Humans ,Quantum Theory ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Pan-bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) inhibitors interact equipotently with the eight bromodomains of the BET family of proteins and have shown profound efficacy in a number of
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- 2020
34. A Tandem Guide RNA-Based Strategy for Efficient CRISPR Gene Editing of Cell Populations with Low Heterogeneity of Edited Alleles
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Marcel Paulmann, Gerard Joberty, Aaron T. Cheng, Maria Fälth-Savitski, Paola Grandi, Carola Doce, Markus Bösche, and Gerard Drewes
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Cell ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Gene Knockout Techniques ,Genome editing ,INDEL Mutation ,Genetics ,medicine ,CRISPR ,Animals ,Humans ,Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ,Guide RNA ,Gene Silencing ,Allele ,Gene ,Gene knockout ,Research Articles ,Gene Editing ,Cas9 ,DNA ,Hep G2 Cells ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,CRISPR-Cas Systems ,Biotechnology ,RNA, Guide, Kinetoplastida - Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9–based gene knockouts (KOs) enable precise perturbation of target gene function in human cells, which is ideally assessed in an unbiased fashion by molecular omics readouts. Typically, this requires the lengthy process of isolating KO subclones. We show here that KO subclones are phenotypically heterogenous, regardless of the guide RNA used. We present an experimental strategy that avoids subcloning and achieves fast and efficient gene silencing on cell pools, based on the synergistic combination of two guide RNAs mapping at close (40–300 bp) genomic proximity. Our strategy results in better predictable indel generation with a low allelic heterogeneity, concomitant with low or undetectable residual target protein expression, as determined by MS3 mass spectrometry proteomics. Our method is compatible with nondividing primary cells and can also be used to study essential genes. It enables the generation of high confidence omics data which solely reflect the phenotype of the target ablation.
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- 2020
35. Selective targeting of BD1 and BD2 of the BET proteins in cancer and immuno-inflammation
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Peter Ernest Soden, Emma J. Roberts, Danette L. Daniels, Chun-wa Chung, Stephen John Atkinson, Paul Bamborough, Anne Marie Michon, Johanna Vappiani, Andrea C. Haynes, Massimo Petretich, Marcus Bantscheff, Miriam M. Yeung, Matthew J Bell, Sarah-Jane Dawson, Paola Grandi, Dane Vassiliadis, Simon Taylor, James Gray, Omer Gilan, Kathy Knezevic, Marjeta Urh, Matthew J Lindon, Marian L. Burr, Rab K. Prinjha, Alex Preston, Inmaculada Rioja, Mark A. Dawson, Gerard Drewes, Thilo Werner, Christopher Roland Wellaway, Emmanuel Hubert Demont, Anna K. Bassil, Nicola Harker, Thomas Gobbetti, Enid Y.N. Lam, David F. Tough, and Vinod Kumar
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Regulation of gene expression ,Male ,BRD4 ,Multidisciplinary ,Chromatin binding ,HEK 293 cells ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Proteins ,Biology ,Article ,Chromatin ,Bromodomain ,Protein Domains ,Gene expression ,Cancer research ,Humans ,Transcription factor - Abstract
Bromodomain inhibitors revisited Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and immune diseases through their effects on transcriptional regulation. BET proteins contain two nearly identical bromodomains, BD1 and BD2, structural modules that have attracted great interest as targets for drug development. First-generation drugs that inhibited both BD1 and BD2 showed promising therapeutic activity in preclinical models but proved to be less efficacious in clinical trials. Gilan et al. took a different approach and designed drugs that selectively inhibited BD1 or BD2 (see the Perspective by Filippakopoulos and Knapp). They found that BD1 and BD2 inhibitors altered gene expression in different ways and that BD2 inhibitors had greater therapeutic activity than BD1 inhibitors in preclinical models of inflammation and autoimmune disease. Science , this issue p. 387 ; see also p. 367
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- 2020
36. The MURALES survey. III. Completing the MUSE observations of 37 3C low-z radio galaxies
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Roberto Gilli, Ranieri D. Baldi, Alessandro Marconi, Paola Grandi, Giacomo Venturi, W. Sparks, Marco Chiaberge, Christopher P. O'Dea, Barbara Balmaverde, Alessandro Capetti, Stefi A. Baum, George K. Miley, Eileen T. Meyer, Grant R. Tremblay, and Elena Torresi
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Physics ,Galaxies: Jets ,Galaxies: Nuclei ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Radio galaxy ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Galaxies: Active ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Galaxies: ISM ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,0103 physical sciences ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
We present the final observations of a complete sample of 37 radio galaxies from the Third Cambridge Catalog (3C) with redshift, 29 pages; accepted for publication on A&A
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- 2020
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37. Radio morphology-accretion mode link in Fanaroff-Riley type II low-excitation radio galaxies
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Eleonora Torresi, C. Vignali, B. Boccardi, D. Macconi, Paola Grandi, Macconi D., Torresi E., Grandi P., Boccardi B., and Vignali C.
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Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Radio galaxy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Galaxies: active ,01 natural sciences ,Catalogue ,Accretion (astrophysics) ,Accretion rate ,X-rays: galaxies ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,Control sample ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Excitation - Abstract
Fanaroff–Riley type II (FR II) low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) are characterized by weak nuclear excitation on parsec-scales and properties typical of powerful FR IIs (defined as high-excitation radio galaxies, hereafter HERGs/BLRGs) on kiloparsec-scales. Since a link between the accretion properties and the power of the produced jets is expected both from theory and observations, their nature is still debated. In this work, we investigate the X-ray properties of a complete sample of 19 FR II-LERGs belonging to the 3CR catalogue, exploiting Chandra and XMM–Newton archival data. We also analyse 32 FR II-HERGs/BLRGs with Chandra data as a control sample. We compared FR II-LERG and FR II-HERG/BLRG X-ray properties and optical data available in literature to obtain a wide outlook of their behaviour. The low accretion rate estimates for FR II-LERGs, from both X-ray and optical bands, allow us to firmly reject the hypothesis as they are the highly obscured counterpart of powerful FR II-HERGs/BLRGs. Therefore, at least two hypothesis can be invoked to explain the FR II-LERG nature: (i) they are evolving from classical FR IIs because of the depletion of accreting cold gas in the nuclear region, while the extended radio emission is the heritage of a past efficiently accreting activity; and (ii) they are an intrinsically distinct class of objects with respect to classical FR Is/FR IIs. Surprisingly, in this direction, a correlation between accretion rates and environmental richness is found in our sample. The richer the environment is, the more inefficient is the accretion. In this framework, the FR II-LERGs are intermediate between FR Is and FR II-HERGs/BLRGs both in terms of accretion rate and environment.
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- 2020
38. The MURALES survey
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William B. Sparks, Ranieri D. Baldi, Alessandro Capetti, Barbara Balmaverde, Paola Grandi, Marco Chiaberge, Giacomo Venturi, Stefi A. Baum, C. P. O'Dea, Clive Tadhunter, George K. Miley, Alessandro Marconi, Roberto Gilli, E. Torresi, Eileen T. Meyer, and Grant R. Tremblay
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Physics ,Galaxies: Nuclei ,Galaxies: Jets ,Star formation ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Coma (optics) ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Galaxies: Active ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Galaxy ,Redshift ,Galaxies: ISM ,Stars ,Integral field spectrograph ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,Ionization ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Emission spectrum ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
We present observations obtained with the VLT/MUSE optical integral field spectrograph of the radio source 3C277.3, located at a redshift of 0.085 and associated with the galaxy Coma A. An emission line region fully enshrouds the double-lobed radio source, which is ~60 kpc x 90 kpc in size. Based on the emission line ratios, we identified five compact knots in which the gas ionization is powered by young stars located as far as ~60 kpc from the host. The emission line filaments surrounding the radio emission are compatible with ionization from fast shocks (with a velocity of 350-500 km/s), but a contribution from star formation occurring at the edges of the radio source is likely. Coma A might be a unique example in the local Universe in which the expanding outflow triggers star formation throughout the whole radio source., Pre-proofs version - Accepted for publication in A&A
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- 2022
39. Domain-selective targeting of BET proteins in cancer and immunological diseases
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Emmanuel Hubert Demont, Massimo Petretich, and Paola Grandi
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Cancer therapy ,Inflammation ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Small Molecule Libraries ,Protein Domains ,Neoplasms ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Epigenetics ,Molecular Targeted Therapy ,Effector ,business.industry ,Cell growth ,Cancer ,Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Bromodomain ,Immune System Diseases ,Cancer research ,Immunological diseases ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Cancer and inflammation are strongly interconnected processes. Chronic inflammatory pathologies can be at the heart of tumor development; similarly, tumor-elicited inflammation is a consequence of many cancers. The mechanistic interdependence between cancer and inflammatory pathologies points toward common protein effectors which represent potential shared targets for pharmacological intervention. Epigenetic mechanisms often drive resistance to cancer therapy and immunomodulatory strategies. The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenetic adapters which play a major role in controlling cell proliferation and the production of inflammatory mediators. A plethora of small molecules aimed at inhibiting BET protein function to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases have populated academic and industry efforts in the last 10 years. In this review, we will discuss recent pharmacological approaches aimed at targeting a single or a subset of the eight bromodomains within the BET family which have the potential to tease apart clinical efficacy and safety signals of BET inhibitors.
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- 2019
40. High-energy neutrinos from FR0 radio galaxies?
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Paola Grandi, Gabriele Ghisellini, Alessandro Capetti, Fabrizio Tavecchio, and Chiara Righi
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,education.field_of_study ,Active galactic nucleus ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Radio galaxy ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Population ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Cosmic ray ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Galaxy ,Astrophysical jet ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Blazar ,education ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
The sources responsible for the emission of high-energy ($\gtrsim$ 100 TeV) neutrinos detected by IceCube are still unknown. Among the possible candidates, active galactic nuclei with relativistic jets are often examined, since the outflowing plasma seems to offer the ideal environment to accelerate the required parent high-energy cosmic rays. The non-detection of single point sources or -- almost equivalently -- the absence, in the IceCube events, of multiplets originating from the same sky position, constrains the cosmic density and the neutrino output of these sources, pointing to a numerous population of faint sources. Here we explore the possibility that FR0 radiogalaxies, the population of compact sources recently identified in large radio and optical surveys and representing the bulk of radio-loud AGN population, can represent suitable candidates for neutrino emission. Modeling the spectral energy distribution of a FR0 radiogalaxy recently associated to a $\gamma$-ray source detected by the Large Area Telescope onboard Fermi, we derive the physical parameters of its jet, in particular the power carried by it. We consider the possible mechanisms of neutrino production, concluding that $p\gamma$ reactions in the jet between protons and ambient radiation is too inefficient to sustain the required output. We propose an alternative scenario, in which protons, accelerated in the jet, escape from it and diffuse in the host galaxy, producing neutrinos as a result of $pp$ scattering with the interstellar gas, in strict analogy with the processes taking place in star-forming galaxies., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
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- 2018
41. Contribuições do Banco Regional de Desenvolvimento do Extremo Sul para o alcance dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável no Paraná
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Thais Paola Grandi and Isabel Jurema Grimm
- Abstract
Em 2015, a constituição dos 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), e as 169 metas a serem implementadas até 2030, instigaram organizações, governos e pessoas a buscarem meios de garantir a redução das desigualdades, o desenvolvimento sustentável e a conservação do meio ambiente. Tomando como referência este cenário, este artigo objetiva analisar a carteira de crédito do Banco Regional de Desenvolvimento do Extremo Sul (BRDE), e apresentar os impactos dos financiamentos desse banco sobre os ODS 8 no Paraná. Para isso, o método escolhido foi o estudo de caso, com coleta de dados em bases do BRDE, IBGE, Ipardes, Celepar e Ipea. Para verificar os impactos financeiros no alcance dos ODS, selecionaram-se os municípios paranaenses que recebem fomento do BRDE, agrupando-os de acordo com seu IFDM. Para avaliar o impacto do BRDE no ODS 8, meta 8.3 no Paraná, considerou-se a média dos empregos formais anuais. A quantidade de empregos criados no BRDE foi avaliada ano a ano, calculando-se o acumulado desde 2016, logo se identificou que o impacto no ODS 8, meta 8.3, foi de 9,50% no estado. O ano mais relevante foi 2018, com impacto de 3,15%. Aponta-se que, no ODS 8, o impacto do BRDE é de até 3% na meta anual, no estado do Paraná. Conclui-se que, apesar de o percentual ser pequeno, quando uma instituição consegue atingir 2 a 3% dos empregos formais no Estado considera-se uma atuação relevante, pois para o atingimento dos ODS é necessário o esforço integrado de diversas instituições.
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- 2021
42. 955 CORE1: phase 2, single arm study of CG0070 combined with pembrolizumab in patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) unresponsive to bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG)
- Author
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Paola Grandi, Ed Uchio, Michael Chisamore, Gary D. Steinberg, Ashish M. Kamat, James F. Burke, Jee-Hyun Kim, John McAdory, Donald L. Lamm, Roger Li, and Vignesh T. Packiam
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bladder cancer ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Urinary system ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Urology ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Phases of clinical research ,Pembrolizumab ,medicine.disease ,Cystectomy ,Oncology ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Progression-free survival ,business ,RC254-282 ,Urine cytology - Abstract
BackgroundCG0070, an oncolytic vaccine available as an intravesical therapy, is a serotype 5 adenovirus engineered to express GM-CSF and replicate in tumor cells with mutated or deficient RB (which results in increased of the transcription factor E2F). The CG0070 mechanism of action includes direct cell lysis in conjunction with immunogenic cell death which is enhanced in the presence of GM-CSF. In an initial phase 1 study as well as a subsequent phase 2 study, an overall CR rate of ~62% and a CR at 12 months (m) of 29% have been observed in patients with high risk NMIBC previously treated with BCG. Intravenous Pembrolizumab was recently approved by the FDA for patients with BCG-unresponsive CIS (with or without papillary tumors) with an overall complete RR of 41% and a 12m CR rate of ~20%. This phase 2 study (NCT04387461) will assess the potential synergy of the two agents in the treatment of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.Methods35 patients with BCG-unresponsive CIS with or without concurrent Ta or T1 disease will be treated with intravesical (IVE) CG0070 at a dose of 1x10e12 vp in combination with pembrolizumab at a dose of 400 mg IV q6 weeks. CG0070 will be administered weekly x 6 as induction followed by weekly x 3 maintenance instillations at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18m. Patients with persistent CIS or HG Ta at 3 m may receive re-induction with weekly x 6 CG0070. Pembrolizumab will be administered up to 24m. Assessment of response will include q 3m cystoscopy with biopsy, urine cytology, CTU/MRU, and mandatory bladder mapping biopsies at 12m.ResultsThe primary endpoint is CR at 12 m. Secondary endpoints will include CR at any time, progression free survival, duration of response, cystectomy free survival and the safety of the combination. Correlate assessments will include changes in the TME, systemic immune induction, viral replication and transgene expression. Baseline expression of PD-L1, coxsackie adenovirus receptor, E2F transcription factor as well as anti-adenovirus antibody titer will be correlated with tumor response. At this time the first 5 patients demonstrates 100% 3 m CR. Treatment related AE have been limited to transient grade 1-2 urinary frequency (3 patients) and grade 1 bladder spasm, hematuria, painful urination, thyroiditis, and flu-like symptoms (one patient/each). No grade 3, 4, 5 AE or SAE were observed.ConclusionsThe study is currently enrolling. Preliminary safety and efficacy data on 8 patients will be available by November 2021Trial RegistrationNCT04387461Ethics ApprovalIRB: CG2003C
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- 2021
43. 426 A phase 3, single-arm study of CG0070 in subjects with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
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Paola Grandi, Melody Keel, James M. Burke, Paul Anderson, Donald L. Lamm, Ashish M. Kamat, Tran Ben, Neal D. Shore, John McAdory, and Ed Uchio
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bladder cancer ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Urology ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Phases of clinical research ,Cystoscopy ,medicine.disease ,Cystectomy ,Oncology ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Clinical endpoint ,Molecular Medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Progression-free survival ,business ,RC254-282 ,Urine cytology - Abstract
BackgroundCG0070 is a serotype 5 adenovirus engineered to express GM-CSF and replicate in cells with mutated or deficient RB, with response rates (RR) of approximately 45% observed in patients with recurrent NMIBC after BCG.1 2 This single arm phase 3 study (NCT04452591) was launched to confirm the clinical activity of CG0070 in patients with BCG Unresponsive NMIBC.Methods110 patients with BCG-unresponsive CIS with or without concurrent Ta or T1 disease will be treated with intravesical (IVe) CG0070 at a dose of 1x10e12 vp. CG0070 will be administered as follows: induction weekly x 6 followed by weekly x 3 maintenance instillations at months 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18. Patients with persistent CIS or HG Ta at 3 m may receive re-induction with weekly x 6 CG0070. Assessment of response will include q 3 m cystoscopy with biopsy of areas suspicious for disease, urine cytology, CTU/MRU, and mandatory bladder mapping at 12 m. Detection of high grade disease within the bladder will be enumerated as recurrence or non-response. The primary endpoint of the study is CR at any time on study as assessed by biopsy (directed to cystoscopic abnormalities and mandatory mapping at 12 m), urine cytology, and radiography, as above. Secondary endpoints include CR at 12 m, duration of response, progression free survival, cystectomy free survival and safety. Correlative assessments include changes in the tumor immune microenvironment, systemic immune induction as reflected in the peripheral blood and urine, as well as viral replication and transgene expression. Baseline expression of coxsackie adenovirus receptor, E2F transcription factor as well as anti-adenovirus antibody titer will be correlated with tumor response. Study enrollment globally is ongoing.Trial RegistrationNCT04452591ReferencePackiam VT, Lamm DL, Barocas DA, Trainer A, Fand B, Davis RL 3rd, Clark W, Kroeger M, Dumbadze I, Chamie K, Kader AK, Curran D, Gutheil J, Kuan A, Yeung AW, Steinberg GD. An open label, single-arm, phase II multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of CG0070 oncolytic vector regimen in patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Interim results. Urol Oncol 2018;36:440–447.Ethics ApprovalCASTLE IRB: BOND-003 (CG3002S)
- Published
- 2021
44. The MURALES survey
- Author
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Marco Chiaberge, Ranieri D. Baldi, C. P. O'Dea, Stefi A. Baum, Eileen T. Meyer, Francesco Massaro, B. A. Terrazas, Alessandro Capetti, Grant R. Tremblay, Paola Grandi, Barbara Balmaverde, Eleonora Torresi, Giacomo Venturi, G. Speranza, Alessandro Marconi, and W. Sparks
- Subjects
Physics ,Active galactic nucleus ,Star formation ,Radio galaxy ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Galaxies: evolution ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Galaxies: active ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Kinetic energy ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Redshift ,Galaxy ,Galaxies: jets ,Galaxies: nuclei ,Luminosity ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Emission spectrum ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
We analyze VLT/MUSE observations of 37 radio galaxies from the Third Cambridge catalogue (3C) with redshift $, Comment: 40 pages; accepted for publication on A&A
- Published
- 2021
45. Click chemistry enables preclinical evaluation of targeted epigenetic therapies
- Author
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Aoife Ward, Dean Tyler, Sarah-Jane Dawson, Edwin D. Hawkins, Paola Grandi, Dave Lugo, Johanna Vappiani, Richard Gregory, Anna Rutkowska, Tatiana Cañeque, Susan Jackson, Cesar Ramirez Molina, Antje Hienzsch, Anne J. Wagner, Rab K. Prinjha, Mark A. Dawson, Thilo Werner, Neil Stuart Garton, Charles C. Bell, Christopher Roland Wellaway, Omer Gilan, Colin M. House, Margarida Figueiredo, Yih-Chih Chan, Gerard Drewes, Raphaël Rodriguez, Laura MacPherson, Sabine Stolzenburg, and Enid Y.N. Lam
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Epigenomics ,0301 basic medicine ,BRD4 ,Computational biology ,Biology ,010402 general chemistry ,Proteomics ,Bioinformatics ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Benzodiazepines ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Drug Delivery Systems ,In vivo ,Animals ,Tissue Distribution ,Epigenetics ,Precision Medicine ,Cells, Cultured ,Leukemia ,Multidisciplinary ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Chromatin ,Bromodomain ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Click chemistry ,Click Chemistry ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Are better drugs just a click away? Drugs that show promise in preclinical models often fail in the clinic, in part because of limited information on drug localization within cells and across tissues. In a proof-of-concept study, Tyler et al. applied click chemistry methods to study the localization of bromodomain inhibitors. These are cancer drugs that alter chromatin structure and gene expression. Clickable derivatives of the drugs localized within chromatin and showed that the drugs exhibit distinct modes of binding at responsive and unresponsive genes. In a mouse leukemia model, the click-probes revealed that the drugs accumulate to different extents in the spleen and bone marrow, which are two tissue sources of leukemic cells. Science , this issue p. 1397
- Published
- 2017
46. Multiband Observations of the Quasar PKS 2326–502 during Active and Quiescent Gamma-Ray States in 2010–2012
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Michael Dutka, Roberto Nesci, Justin D. Finke, Joern Wilms, Bryce Carpenter, Jamie Stevens, Neil Gehrels, Eleonora Torresi, Matthias Kadler, Roopesh Ojha, Felicia Krauss, Paola Grandi, Philip G. Edwards, Cornelia Mueller, Filippo D'Ammando, ITA, USA, DEU, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Dutka Michael S, Carpenter Bryce D, Ojha Roopesh, Finke Justin D, DAmmando F, Kadler Matthia, Edwards Philip G, Stevens Jamie, Torresi Eleonora, Grandi Paola, Nesci Roberto, Krauß Felicia, Müller Cornelia, Wilms Joern, and Gehrels Neil
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Astronomy ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,galaxies: active ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Electron ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,X-rays: individual (PKS 2326–502) ,01 natural sciences ,Radio spectrum ,law.invention ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,gamma rays: galaxie ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Blazar ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gamma ray ,Spectral density ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Quasar ,quasars: individual (PKS 2326–502) ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,ultraviolet: galaxie ,Spectral energy distribution ,radio continuum: galaxie ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Flare - Abstract
Quasi-simultaneous observations of the Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar PKS 2326-502 were carried out in the gamma-ray, X-ray, UV, optical, near-infrared, and radio bands. Thanks to these observations we are able to characterize the spectral energy distribution of the source during two flaring and one quiescent gamma-ray states. These data were used to constrain one-zone leptonic models of the spectral energy distributions of each flare and investigate the physical conditions giving rise to them. While modeling one flare only required changes to the electron spectrum, the other flare needed changes in both the electron spectrum and the size of the emitting region with respect to the quiescent state. These results are consistent with an emerging pattern of two broad classes of flaring states seen in blazars., Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures. Accepted in the Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2017
47. A Qualified Success: Discovery of a New Series of ATAD2 Bromodomain Inhibitors with a Novel Binding Mode Using High-Throughput Screening and Hit Qualification
- Author
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Andrew D. Roberts, Peter Francis, Paola Grandi, Emma J. Jones, David P. Dixon, Robert J. Watson, Christina Rau, Peter Pogány, Angela Bridges, Chun-wa Chung, Darren Jason Mitchell, Rab K. Prinjha, Peter D. Craggs, Kelly Locke, Emmanuel Hubert Demont, Anne-Marie Michon, Bhumika Karamshi, Rebecca C. Furze, Paul Bamborough, Robert J. Sheppard, Simon C. C. Lucas, and Ana Maria Roa
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Models, Molecular ,0303 health sciences ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,High-throughput screening ,Computational biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biophysical Phenomena ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bromodomain ,High-Throughput Screening Assays ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Small Molecule Libraries ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Protein Domains ,Catalytic Domain ,Drug Design ,Drug Discovery ,Hit rate ,Molecular Medicine ,ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,Protein Binding - Abstract
The bromodomain of ATAD2 has proved to be one of the least-tractable proteins within this target class. Here, we describe the discovery of a new class of inhibitors by high-throughput screening and show how the difficulties encountered in establishing a screening triage capable of finding progressible hits were overcome by data-driven optimization. Despite the prevalence of nonspecific hits and an exceptionally low progressible hit rate (0.001%), our optimized hit qualification strategy employing orthogonal biophysical methods enabled us to identify a single active series. The compounds have a novel ATAD2 binding mode with noncanonical features including the displacement of all conserved water molecules within the active site and a halogen-bonding interaction. In addition to reporting this new series and preliminary structure-activity relationship, we demonstrate the value of diversity screening to complement the knowledge-based approach used in our previous ATAD2 work. We also exemplify tactics that can increase the chance of success when seeking new chemical starting points for novel and less-tractable targets.
- Published
- 2019
48. Biological Plasticity Rescues Target Activity in CRISPR Knockouts
- Author
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K. Tessmer, Petra Jakob, William F. Mueller, A. M. Michon, Frederik Ziebell, Nico Zinn, Arne H. Smits, Paola Grandi, Marcus Bantscheff, Dirk Eberhard, Tilmann Bürckstümmer, Han Sun, Lars M. Steinmetz, M. Fälth Savitski, Wolfgang Huber, Gerard Drewes, Sandra Clauder-Münster, and Gerard Joberty
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Translation reinitiation ,Exon ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,CRISPR ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Gene ,DNA sequencing ,DNA ,Gene knockout ,Frameshift mutation - Abstract
Gene knockouts (KOs) are efficiently engineered through CRISPR-Cas9-induced frameshift mutations. While DNA editing efficiency is readily verified by DNA sequencing, a systematic understanding of the efficiency of protein elimination has been lacking. Here, we devised an experimental strategy combining RNA-seq and triple-stage mass spectrometry (SPS-MS3) to characterize 193 genetically verified deletions targeting 136 distinct genes generated by CRISPR-induced frameshifts in HAP1 cells. We observed residual protein expression for about one third of the quantified targets, at variable levels from low to original, and identified two causal mechanisms, translation reinitiation leading to N-terminally truncated target proteins, or skipping of the edited exon leading to protein isoforms with internal sequence deletions. Detailed analysis of three truncated targets, BRD4, DNMT1 and NGLY1, revealed partial preservation of protein function. Our results imply that systematic characterization of residual protein expression or function in CRISPR-Cas9 generated KO lines is necessary for phenotype interpretation.
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
49. Arming oHSV with ULBP3 drives abscopal immunity in lymphocyte-depleted glioblastoma
- Author
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Paola Grandi, Christophe Quéva, Eric C. Holland, Huajia Zhang, Chibawanye I. Ene, Joseph C. Glorioso, A. McGarry Houghton, Jenny Zhang, Alexandra Hicks, Michael Weller, Finer Mitchell H, Lisa McFerrin, James Yan, Robert H. Pierce, Jean S. Campbell, Siobhan S. Pattwell, Hans-Georg Wirsching, Michael Ball, Nduka Amankulor, Frank Szulzewsky, Patrick J. Cimino, Debrah Kumasaka, and Sonali Arora
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Lymphocyte ,Primary Cell Culture ,Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ,Brain tumor ,Mice, Transgenic ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Biology ,GPI-Linked Proteins ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunity ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Simplexvirus ,Virotherapy ,Oncolytic Virotherapy ,Antigen Presentation ,Brain Neoplasms ,Brain ,Abscopal effect ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,NKG2D ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ,Recombinant Proteins ,Up-Regulation ,3. Good health ,Oncolytic virus ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Disease Models, Animal ,Oncolytic Viruses ,030104 developmental biology ,Isocitrate dehydrogenase ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Female ,Glioblastoma ,Research Article - Abstract
Oncolytic viruses induce local tumor destruction and inflammation. Whether virotherapy can also overcome immunosuppression in noninfected tumor areas is under debate. To address this question, we have explored immunologic effects of oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) in a genetically engineered mouse model of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma, the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Our model recapitulates the genomics, the diffuse infiltrative growth pattern, and the extensive macrophage-dominant immunosuppression of human glioblastoma. Infection with an oHSV that was armed with a UL16-binding protein 3 (ULBP3) expression cassette inhibited distant tumor growth in the absence of viral spreading (abscopal effect) and yielded accumulation of activated macrophages and T cells. There was also abscopal synergism of oHSV(ULBP3) with anti–programmed cell death 1 (anti–PD-1) against distant, uninfected tumor areas; albeit consistent with clinical trials in patients with glioblastoma, monotherapy with anti–PD-1 was ineffective in our model. Arming oHSV with ULBP3 led to upregulation of antigen processing and presentation gene sets in myeloid cells. The cognate ULBP3 receptor NKG2D, however, is not present on myeloid cells, suggesting a noncanonical mechanism of action of ULBP3. Overall, the myeloid-dominant, anti–PD-1–sensitive abscopal effect of oHSV(ULBP3) warrants further investigation in patients with IDH wild-type glioblastoma.
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- 2019
50. Discovery of a galaxy overdensity around a powerful, heavily obscured FRII radio galaxy at z = 1.7: star formation promoted by large-scale AGN feedback?
- Author
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O. Cucciati, Paola Grandi, A. Peca, Felice Cusano, Roberto Decarli, G. B. Caminha, C. Vignali, Paolo Tozzi, G. Zamorani, Francesco Calura, F. Mannucci, Nico Cappelluti, R. Nanni, Giorgio Lanzuisi, F. Vito, Enrico Pinna, Andrea Comastri, Roberto Gilli, C. Norman, Eros Vanzella, M. Mignoli, Elisabetta Liuzzo, Marcella Brusa, Q. D'Amato, Marco Chiaberge, A. Citro, Barbara Balmaverde, Isabella Prandoni, Gilli R., Mignoli M., Peca A., Nanni R., Prand oni I., Liuzzo E., D'Amato Q., Brusa M., Calura F., Caminha G. B., Chiaberge M., Comastri A., Cucciati O., Cusano F., Grandi P., Decarli R., Lanzuisi G., Mannucci F., Pinna E., Tozzi P., Vanzella E., Vignali C., Vito F., Balmaverde B., Citro A., Cappelluti N., Zamorani G., Norman C., ITA, USA, and Astronomy
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ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Stellar mass ,Radio galaxy ,galaxies: clusters: general, galaxies: high-redshift, quasars: supermassive black holes, shock waves, galaxies: star formation, X-rays: galaxies: clusters ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,MULTIWAVELENGTH SURVEY ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES ,galaxies: high-redshift ,Galaxy group ,0103 physical sciences ,DATA REDUCTION ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,YALE-CHILE MUSYC ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Star formation ,quasars: supermassive black holes ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,shock waves ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Redshift ,Galaxy ,Interstellar medium ,Stars ,Space and Planetary Science ,galaxies: clusters: general ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,galaxies: star formation ,X-rays: galaxies: clusters ,DIGITAL SKY SURVEY ,RELATIVISTIC JETS ,X-RAY-PROPERTIES ,CLUSTERS ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,EMISSION-LINE - Abstract
We report the discovery of a galaxy overdensity around a Compton-thick Fanaroff-Riley type II (FRII) radio galaxy at z=1.7 in the deep multiband survey around the z=6.3 QSO SDSS J1030+0524. Based on a 6hr VLT/MUSE and on a 4hr LBT/LUCI observation, we identify at least eight galaxy members in this structure with spectroscopic redshift z=1.687-1.699, including the FRII galaxy at z=1.699. Most of the identified overdensity members are blue, compact galaxies that are actively forming stars at rates of $\sim$8-60 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. Based on a 500ks Chandra ACIS-I observation we found that the FRII nucleus hosts a luminous QSO ($L_{2-10keV}=1.3\times10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$, intrinsic and rest-frame) that is obscured by Compton-thick absorption ($N_H=1.5\pm0.6\times 10^{24}$ cm$^{-2}$). Our Chandra observation, the deepest so far for a distant FRII within a galaxy overdensity, revealed significant diffuse X-ray emission within the region covered by the overdensity. In particular, X-ray emission extending for $\sim$240 kpc is found around the Eastern lobe of the FRII. Four out of the six MUSE star forming galaxies in the overdensity are distributed in an arc-like shape at the edge of this diffuse X-ray emission. The probability of observing by chance four out of the six $z=1.7$ sources at the edge of the diffuse emission is negligible. In addition, these four galaxies have the highest specific star formation rates of the MUSE galaxies in the overdensity and lie above the main sequence of field galaxies of equal stellar mass at z=1.7. We propose that the diffuse X-rays originate from an expanding bubble of gas that is shock-heated by the FRII jet, and that star formation is promoted by the compression of the cold interstellar medium of the galaxies around the bubble, which may be remarkable evidence of positive AGN feedback on cosmological scales. [shortened version], 17 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
- Published
- 2019
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