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H COVID-19 συνιστά μια σοβαρή, νέα και επιβλαβή ασθένεια η οποία έθεσε παγκοσμίως νέες προκλήσεις για την ευημερία των ανθρώπων και κατέληξε σε αρνητικές συνέπειες για τη ζωή τους. Η παρούσα μελέτη διερεύνησε την αντιληπτή ψυχολογική δυσφορία και τις επακόλουθες επιπτώσεις στην υγεία που προκλήθηκαν από την COVID-19. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος της Αφηγηματικής Θεματικής Ανάλυσης. Δεκαοκτώ συμμετέχοντες, αποτελούμενοι από 12 άνδρες και 6 γυναίκες, απάντησαν σχετικά με τις εμπειρίες τους από την πρόσφατη επιδημία της νόσου COVID-19. Τα δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν μέσω τηλεφωνικής ημιδομημένης συνέντευξης, η οποία αναλύθηκε με τη μέθοδο της Θεματικής Ανάλυσης. Δημιουργήθηκαν τέσσερα θέματα: δυσπροσαρμοστικές ψυχολογικές συνέπειες της COVID-19, αντιληπτή ανεπαρκής κοινωνική υποστήριξη, αυξημένες θρησκευτικές πρακτικές και ανάπτυξη συμπτωμάτων σωματικής υγείας. Το ακραίο άγχος, οι εμπειρίες πανικού, η ανασφάλεια, η αβοηθησία, η υπερ-επιφυλακτικότητα και οι αρνητικές αποδόσεις αντιπροσώπευσαν την ψυχολογική δυσφορία, ενώ οι μειωμένες κοινωνικές αλληλεπιδράσεις και η επιβεβλημένη κοινωνική αποστασιοποίηση χαρακτήρισαν την αντιληπτή κοινωνική υποστήριξη. Η αυξημένη εξάρτηση από μύθους, θεϊκές ερμηνείες και την πίστη στον Θεό ανέδειξαν τη θρησκευτικότητα. Η μειωμένη όρεξη για φαγητό, η αϋπνία, ο πονοκέφαλος, τα αναπνευστικά προβλήματα και το αίσθημα παλμών ήταν ορισμένα από τα αρνητικά αποτελέσματα στην υγεία. Η πανδημία διαμόρφωσε τη φύση και την έκταση της αντιληπτής ψυχολογικής δυσφορίας, της κοινωνικής υποστήριξης και των θρησκευτικών πρακτικών. Τα δύο πρώτα μπορεί να προκάλεσαν αρνητικά αποτελέσματα για την υγεία και την ευημερία, ενώ οι θρησκευτικές πρακτικές διατήρησαν την ισορροπία μεταξύ των υπόλοιπων τριών. Συνιστώνται άμεσες διεπιστημονικές προσπάθειες για την αποτελεσματική πρόληψη, θεραπεία και προαγωγή της ευημερίας των ατόμων που έχουν υποστεί τις επιπτώσεις της νόσου. Μπορούν επίσης να διερευνηθούν θετικές πρακτικές υγείας που ενσωματώνονται σε διαφορετικά κοινωνικοπολιτισμικά συστήματα για να βοηθηθούν οι άνθρωποι που αντιμετωπίζουν τις αρνητικές συνέπειες των πρόσφατων και μελλοντικών πανδημιών. Συζητούνται οι επιπτώσεις και οι περιορισμοί της μελέτης., COVID-19 represents a severe, novel, and harmful disease that posed worldwide new challenges to the well-being of people and culminated in negative life outcomes. The current study explored the perceived psychological distress and consequent health outcomes caused by COVID-19. The Narrative Thematic Analysis design was employed. Eighteen participants comprising 12 males and 6 females responded about their experiences of the recent outbreak of COVID-19. The data were collected through a telephonic semi-structured interview which was analyzed through the Thematic Analysis Method. Four themes were generated: maladaptive psychological outcomes of COVID-19, perceived poor social support, increased religious practices, and the development of physical health symptoms. Extreme anxiety, panic experiences, insecurity, helplessness, hyper-vigilance, and negative attributions represented the psychological distress, while decreased social interactions and imposed social distancing characterized the perceived social support. Increased reliance on myths, divine interpretations, and faith in God showed religious practices. Decreased hunger, insomnia, headache, breathing problems, and palpitation were some ill-health outcomes. The pandemic shaped the nature and extent of perceived psychological distress, social support, and religious practices. The first two may have caused negative health and well-being outcomes while the religious practicesmaintained equilibrium among the rest three. Immediate trans-disciplinary efforts for the effective prevention, treatment, and promotion of the affected people are recommended. Positive health practices embedded in different socio-cultural systems may also be explored to help people facing the negative consequences of the recent and future pandemics. The implications and limitations of the study have been discussed.

We present a comprehensive analysis of the Galactic mid-infrared (MIR) bubble [HKS2019] E70 (E70) by adopting a multi-wavelength approach to understand the physical environment and star formation scenario around it. We identified a small (radius ~1.7 pc) stellar clustering inside the E70 bubble and its distance is estimated as 3.26 +/- 0.45 kpc. This cluster is embedded in the molecular cloud and hosts massive stars as well as young stellar objects (YSOs), suggesting active star formation in the region. The spectral type of the brightest star 'M1' of the E70 cluster is estimated as O9V and a circular ring/shell of gas and dust is found around it. The diffuse radio emission inside this ring/shell, the excess pressure exerted by the massive star 'M1' at the YSOs core, and the distribution of photo-dissociation regions (PDRs), a Class I YSO, and two ultra-compact (UC) H II regions on the rim of this ring/shell, clearly suggest positive feedback of the massive star 'M1' in the region. We also found a low-density shell-like structure in 12 CO(J=1-0) molecular emission along the perimeter of the E70 bubble. The velocity structure of the 12 CO emission suggests that the feedback from the massive star appears to have expelled the molecular material and subsequent swept-up material is what appears as the E70 bubble., 24 pages, 16 Figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

We present here the results of eight years of our near-simultaneous optical/near-infrared spectro-photometric monitoring of bonafide FUor candidate `V2493 Cyg' starting from 2013 September to 2021 June. During our optical monitoring period (between October 16, 2015 and December 30, 2019), the V2493 Cyg is slowly dimming with an average dimming rate of $\sim$26.6 $\pm$ 5.6 mmag/yr in V band. Our optical photometric colors show a significant reddening of the source post the second outburst pointing towards a gradual expansion of the emitting region post the second outburst. The mid infra-red colors, on the contrary, exhibits a blueing trend which can be attributed to the brightening of the disc due to the outburst. Our spectroscopic monitoring shows a dramatic variation of the H$\alpha$ line as it transitioned from absorption feature to the emission feature and back. Such transition can possibly be explained by the variation in the wind structure in combination with accretion. Combining our time evolution spectra of the Ca II infra-red triplet lines with the previously published spectra of V2493 Cyg, we find that the accretion region has stabilised compared to the early days of the outburst. The evolution of the O I $\lambda$7773 \AA~ line also points towards the stabilization of the circumstellar disc post the second outburst., Comment: 34 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

Using the multiwavelength data sets, we studied the star formation activity in H II region Sh 2-61 (hereafter S61). We identified a clustering in the region and estimated the membership using the Gaia proper motion data. The physical environment of S61 is inspected using infrared to radio wavelength images. We also determined the Lyman continuum flux associated with the H II region and found that the H II region is formed by at least two massive stars (S1 and S2). We also analyzed the 12CO (J =3-2) JCMT data of S61, and a shell structure accompanying three molecular clumps are observed towards S61. We found that the ionized gas in S61 is surrounded by dust and a molecular shell. Many young stellar objects and three molecular clumps are observed at the interface of the ionized gas and the surrounding gas. The pressure at the interface is higher than in a typical cool molecular cloud., Paper is accepted for the publication in the Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy

We present the results from our deep optical photometric observations of Bochum 2 (Boc2) star cluster obtained using the $1.3$m Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope along with archival photometric data from Pan-STARRS2/2MASS/UKIDSS surveys. We also used high-quality parallax and proper motion data from the $Gaia$ Data Release 3. We found that the Boc2 cluster has a small size ($\sim$1.1 pc) and circular morphology. Using $Gaia$ parallax of member stars and isochrone fitting method, the distance of this cluster is estimated as $3.8\pm0.4$ kpc. We have found that this cluster holds young ($\sim5$ Myr) and massive (O$7-$O$9$) stars as well as an older population of low mass stars. We found that the massive stars have formed in the inner region of the Boc2 cluster in a recent epoch of star formation. We have derived mass function slope ($Γ$) in the cluster region as $-2.42\pm0.13$ in the mass range $\sim0.72, accepted for publication in Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy

The continuing decline in water resources under the ever-changing climate compels us to re-orient our focus to a more sustainable practice. This study investigates the performance of Triticum aestivum wheat genotypes viz. HD-2967, HD-3086, HD-3249, DBW-187, and HD-3226 under well- and deficit-watered conditions for their root-traits, biomass and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization, and water use efficiencies, grown in PVC-tubes. The genotypes HD-2967, HD-3086, HD-3249, DBW-187, and HD-3226 under well-watered (WW) resulted in 36, 35, 38, 33, and 42% more grain yield compared to deficit-watered (DW). Among the genotypes, HD-3249 had the highest grain yield under both well- and deficit-watered conditions. Compared to DW, the WW had 28%, 30%, and 28% greater root length, biomass, and root length density at flowering {102 days (d), Z61}, while among the genotypes, HD-3249 had relatively greater root-traits. At flowering (Z61) and maturity (132 d, Z89), genotypes under WW accumulated 30-46% and 30-53%, respectively greater shoot biomass over the DW. Furthermore, the shoot biomass remobilised for HD-2967, HD-3086, HD-3249, DBW-187, and HD-3226 under the WW was 32, 37, 39, 35, and 35% greater than the DW. The nitrogen partitioning to different plant parts at flowering (Z61) and maturity (Z89) was significantly greater with the WW than with DW. The total nitrogen- remobilized and contribution to grain-N under the WW was 55, 58, 52, 53, 58% and 9, 19, 15, 17, 17% greater than the DW for the genotypes HD-2967, HD-3086, HD-3249, DBW-187, and HD-3226. The irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) at flowering (Z61) was more under the deficit-watered, but the biomass and grain total WUE was improved with the well-watered condition. Hence, it is apparent that proper scheduling of irrigation and N applications, along with the adoption of a genotype suited to a particular environment, will result in better WUE and grain yields, along with better utilization of scarce resources.

We present a multi-scale and multi-wavelength study to unveil massive star formation (MSF) processes around sites AFGL 5180, and AFGL 6366S, both hosting a Class II 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission. The radio continuum map at 8.46 GHz reveals a small cluster of radio sources toward AFGL 5180. Signatures of the early stages of MSF in our target sites are spatially seen at the opposite edges of a filamentary cloud (length $\sim$5 pc), which is observed in the sub-millimeter dust continuum maps. Using the near-infrared photometric data, the spatial distribution of young stellar objects is found toward the entire filament, primarily clustered at its edges. The getsf utility on the Herschel far-infrared images reveals a hub-filament system (HFS) toward each target site. The analysis of the molecular line data, which benefits from large area coverage ($\sim$1 degree $\times$ 1 degree), detects two cloud components with a connection in both position and velocity space. This supports the scenario of a cloud-cloud collision (CCC) that occurred $\sim$1 Myr ago. The filamentary cloud, connecting AFGL 5180 and AFGL 6366S, seems spatially close to an HII region Sh2-247 excited by a massive O9.5 star. Based on the knowledge of various pressures exerted by the massive star on its surroundings, the impact of its energetic feedback on the filamentary cloud is found to be insignificant. Overall, our observational outcomes favor the possibility of the CCC scenario driving MSF and the formation of HFSs toward the target sites., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 20 pages, 11 figures, and 1 table

In recent times, 3.6m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) has installed an optical to near infra-red spectrograph, TANSPEC, which provides spectral coverage from 0.55-2.5 microns. Using TANSPEC, we have obtained a single epoch spectrum of a set 9 FUors and EXors. We have analysed line profiles of the sources and compared with the previously published spectra of these objects. Comparing the line profile shapes with the existing theoretical predictions, we have tried to interpret the physical processes that are responsible for the current disc evolution and the present accretion dynamics. Our study has shown the importance for time evolved spectroscopic studies for better understanding the evolution of the accretion mechanisms. This in turn can help in better categorisation of the young stars displaying episodic accretion behaviour., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

A Genome-wide association (GWAS) study was conducted for phosphorous (P)-use responsive physiological traits in bread wheat at the seedling stage under contrasting P regimes. A panel of 158 diverse advanced breeding lines and released varieties, and a set of 10,800 filtered single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to study marker-trait associations over the eight shoot traits. Principle component analysis separated the two environments (P regimes) because of the differential response of the traits indicating the essentiality of the separate breeding programmes for each environment. Significant variations for genotypic, environmental, and genotype × environment (GEI) effects were observed for all the traits in the combined analysis of variance with moderately high broad sense heritability traits (0.50–0.73). With the different algorithms of association mapping viz., BLINK, FarmCPU, and MLM, 38 unique QTLs under non-limiting P (NLP) and 45 QTLs for limiting P (LP) conditions for various shoot traits were identified. Some of these QTLs were captured by all three algorithms. Interestingly, a Q.iari.dt.sdw.1 on chromosome 1D was found to explain the significant variations in three important physiological traits under non-limiting phosphorus (NLP) conditions. We identified the putative candidate genes for QTLs namely Q.iari.dt.chl.1, Q.iari.dt.sdw.16, Q.iari.dt.sdw.9 and Q.iari.dt.tpc.1 which are potentially involved in the mechanism regulating phosphorus use efficiency through improved P absorption due to improved root architectural traits and better mobilization such as sulfotransferase involved in postembryonic root development, WALLS ARE THIN1 (WAT1), a plant-specific protein that facilitates auxin export; lectin receptor-like kinase essentially involved in plant development, stress response during germination and lateral root development and F-box component of the SKP-Cullin-F box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and strigolactone signal perception. Expression profiling of putative genes located in identified genomic regions against the wheat expression atlas revealed their significance based on the expression of these genes for stress response and growth development processes in wheat. Our results thus provide an important insight into understanding the genetic basis for improving PUE under phosphorus stress conditions and can shape the future breeding programme by developing and integrating molecular markers for these difficult-to-score important traits.

Analysis based on the Entropy estimates of the society is carried out on a mathematical model in this paper, to make an assessment of Reservation policy presently in operation in India. The Reservation Policy was provisioned in the constitution of India under the policy of affirmative action. The policy makers had identified some communities of India that were being discriminated socially. They identified them by noticing their dismal representation in positions of power and respect, within the society. It was argued that these communities are required to be treated differently to give them equal opportunity in the society. The policy makers had provisioned in the same policy that the effectiveness of this policy will be analyzed at regular intervals to decide its continuation or improvisation. An attempt is made here to scientifically analyze the effectiveness of this policy and suggest possible improvements in the same. As per the understanding of Entropy, a policy such as the Reservation Policy, that is intended to encourage equality must be associated with increase in the Entropy of the society. After a careful mathematical analysis, it is shown here that the policy, in its present form, is designed to increase the entropy of the society in the short-term scenario but is an iso-entropic policy in the long term. A way has been suggested to complement the policy to make the entropy increased effectively and permanently., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

Entropic analysis of a scenario at a traffic intersection is attempted in detail. The model is utilized to define Conflict Entropy. It is shown that with the use of strategies (policies) like installing traffic lights and construction of flyovers the Entropy is reduced thereby making the traffic ordered. It is shown that these policies help in reducing the Entropy and eliminating the Conflict Entropy completely in both the cases. Such an analysis can find immense application in deciding a favorable policy and in formulation of artificial intelligence algorithms. A striking similarity of the traffic intersection is found with Quantum systems of twelve qubits that opens up a new scope of study of traffic flows to understand the behavior of Quantum Systems., 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 table

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Materials for Childhood maltreatment and its mental health consequences among Indian adolescents with a history of child work by Rakesh Pandey, Shulka Gupta, Aakanksha Upadhyay, Rajendra Prasad Gupta, Meenakshi Shukla, Ramesh Chandra Mishra, Yogesh Kumar Arya, Tushar Singh, Shanta Niraula, Jennifer Yun Fai Lau and Veena Kumari in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies are gaining momentum these days due to the plethora of various high-throughput experimental methods available for detecting PPIs. Proteins create complexes and networks by functioning in harmony with other proteins and here in silico network biology hold the promise to reveal new functionality of genes as it is very difficult and laborious to carry out experimental high-throughput genetic screens in living organisms. We demonstrate this approach by computationally screening C. elegans conserved homologs of already reported human tumor suppressor and aging associated genes. We select by this nhr-6, vab-3 and gst-23 as predicted longevity genes for RNAi screen. The RNAi results demonstrated the pro-longevity effect of these genes. Nuclear hormone receptor nhr-6 RNAi inhibition resulted in a C. elegans phenotype of 23.46% lifespan reduction. Moreover, we show that nhr-6 regulates oxidative stress resistance in worms and does not affect the feeding behavior of worms. These findings imply the potential of nhr-6 as a common therapeutic target for aging and cancer ailments, stressing the power of in silico PPI network analysis coupled with RNAi screens to describe gene function.

Stroop interference effect of emotion-arousing words was examined in 10 alexlthymic and nonalexithymlc subjects who were presented with baseline stimuli, neutral words and emotion arousing words in Hindi and its transliteral equivalent in English in five colours (red, blue, green, orange and black). Subjects were asked to name the color of words ignoring the content of words. Findings suggested that both alexlthymics and nonalexithymics took longer time to < < colour-name' , emotion-arousing words as compared to baseline stimuli. Howe"er, alexithymic subjects had longer time to colour-name emotion-arousing words as compared to nonalexithymics While alexithymic took longer time to colour-name emotion arousing words as compared to both baseline stimuli and neutral words, nonalexithymics did not differ in colour naming neutral and emotion arousing words. It was also observed that the performance on modified Stroop colour-naming task was not affected by language (mother/foreign). Findings are discussed in the light of alexithymic's heightened arousal and hypersensitivity towards arousal.

We have carried out multi-epoch deep I band photometry of the open cluster Stock 18 to search for variable stars in star forming regions. In the present study, we identified 65 periodic and 217 non-periodic variable stars. The periods of most of the periodic variables are between 2 hours to 15 days and their magnitude varies between 0.05 to 0.6 mag. We have derived spectral energy distributions for 48 probable pre-main sequence variables. Their average age and mass are 2.7 ± 0.3 Myrs and 2.7 ± 0.2 Mo, respectively.

We have generated a catalog of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the star forming region NGC 7538 using Ha and X-ray data. The spatial distribution of YSOs along with MIR, radio and CO emission are used to study the star formation process in the region. Our analysis shows that the 03V type high mass star 'IRS 6' might have triggered the formation of young low mass stars up to a radial distance of 3 pc.

List of micro-array data series used for this study and data. (DOCX 118 kb)

Gene expression pattern of rpoZ at different oxygen levels and light intensities. We see that the expression of rpoZ is independent of environmental conditions. Figure S2. Case (iv) when both PpsRox and PpsRred are able to bind the puc promoter and both act as repressor. Figure S3. Case (v)Â when in vivo both oxidised and reduced PpsR are able to bind the promoter region of pucB but PpsRox represses whereas PpsRred activates transcription. (DOCX 1003 kb)

Gene expression pattern of rpoZ at different oxygen levels and light intensities. We see that the expression of rpoZ is independent of environmental conditions. Figure S2. Case (iv) when both PpsRox and PpsRred are able to bind the puc promoter and both act as repressor. Figure S3. Case (v)Â when in vivo both oxidised and reduced PpsR are able to bind the promoter region of pucB but PpsRox represses whereas PpsRred activates transcription. (DOCX 1003 kb)

The result obtained using Experimental approaches, Computer based Approaches, Physical Method approaches, Statistical Method approaches to investigate structural properties of ABO3 type perovskite oxides are widely used in last two decades and results so found vary from one approach to another approach. Therefore it is felt that a theoretical unified approach may resolve the variation in the results obtained by different approaches and can predict the actual existing values of structural properties of the materials under investigation. Therefore we have employed a theoretical approach to understand the trends and values regarding structural properties of the above said compounds.

A Distributed transformer networks remote monitoring system is developed and constructed,for monitor and record the parameters like temperature, oil level status, of a distribution transformer.The system consists of a micro controller based circuit,with solid-state components for handling sensors,power back-up,real time clock and data communication module which based on ZigBee protocol., 3 Pages, 5 Figures, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)-Volume4 Issue5-May (2013)

Kumauni language is one of the regional languages of India, which is spoken in one of the Himalayan region Kumaun. Since the language is relatively understudied, in this study an attempt has been made to develop a parsing tool for use in Kumauni language studies. The eventual aim is help develop a technique for checking grammatical structures of Kumauni sentences. For this purpose, we have taken a set of pre-existing Kumauni sentences and derived rules of grammar from them. While selecting this set of sentences, effort has been made to select those sentences which are representative of the various possible tags of parts of speeches of the language, as used currently. This has been done to ensure that the sentences constitute all possible tags. These derived rules of Kumauni grammar have been converted to a mathematical model using Earley’s algorithm suitably modified by us. The mathematical model so developed has been tested on a separate set of pre-existing Kumauni sentences and thus verified. This mathematical model can be used for the purpose of parsing new Kumauni sentences, thus providing researchers a new parsing tool., La lengua kumauni es una de las lenguas regionales de la India, hablada en el área de Kumaun en la región del Himalaya. Puesto que esta lengua ha sido muy poco estudiada, en este trabajo se ha pretendido desarrollar una herramienta de etiquetado útil para los estudios sobre el kumauni. El objetivo final es contribuir a desarrollar una técnica para la comprobación de de las estructuras gramaticales en las oraciones del kumauni. Con esta finalidad, se ha escogido un conjunto de oraciones preexistentes del kumauni y a partir de ellas se han derivado reglas gramaticales. Además de esta selección, se ha intentado elegir aquellas oraciones que se usan actualmente y que son representativas de las posibles etiquetas en que pueden marcarse partes del habla. Esta elección se ha realizado para asegurar que en las oraciones aparezcan todas las etiquetas posibles. Las reglas derivadas de la gramática del Kumauni se han convertido a un modelo gramatical mediante el uso del algoritmo de Earley’s previamente modificado. El modelo matemático desarrollado se ha verificado aplicándolo a un conjunto separado de oraciones preexistentes del Kumauni. Este modelo puede usarse para etiquetar nuevas oraciones del kumauni, ofreciendo a los investigadores una nueva herramienta de etiquetaje.

Formal work in linguistics has both produced and used important mathematical tools. Motivated by a survey of models for context and word meaning, syntactic categories, phrase structure rules and trees, an attempt is being made in the present paper to present a mathematical model for structuring of sentences from active voice to passive voice, which is is the form of a transitive verb whose grammatical subject serves as the patient, receiving the action of the verb. For this purpose we have parsed all sentences of a corpus and have generated Boolean groups for each of them. It has been observed that when we take constituents of the sentences as subgroups, the sequences of phrases form permutation roups. Application of isomorphism property yields permutation mapping between the important subgroups. It has resulted in a model for transformation of sentences from active voice to passive voice. A computer program has been written to enable the software developers to evolve grammar software for sentence transformations.

We present a case of adult hepatoblastoma. This young female presented with severe acute cholangitis. Preoperative diagnosis was common bile duct (CBD) obstruction with portal vein thrombosis. On exploration she had a tumor mass in the CBD. The unusual features of this case are discussed in this report.