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【目的】がんサバイバーの多くに心的外傷後成長（Posttrumatic growth : PTG）が生じることが明らかにされているが，その具体的内容について言及した研究は見当たらない。本研究では，がんサバイバーを対象にして，がん罹患体験から得られたPTGの各成長領域の具体的な内容について明らかにすることを目的とする。【方法】8名の女性がんサバイバーに質問紙調査と半構造化面接を行った。日本語版心的外傷後成長尺度得点を用いてPTG 自覚の程度について群分けを行った。PTG 自覚の高低を外部変数として共起関係を視覚化した共起ネットワークを作図し，共通して認められる語について分析した。【結果】人間としての強さには「自分」，「死ぬ」，「人」，「経験」，「乗り越える」，他者との関係には「人」，「話す」，「新しい」，「家族」，「友達」，「関係」，「強い」，「今」，「病気」が関連していた。さらに，新たな可能性には「人」，「患者会」，「元気」，「話す」，「新しい」，人生への感謝及び精神性的変容には「自分」，「生きる」，「病気」，「人」が関連していることが示された。【考察】各成長領域における関連語について発言内容から，死を身近に感じた経験や，命の有限性の気付きが起因となり，家族，友人への感謝や絆の深まりなどの対人関係の変化，患者会の立ち上げという行動，がん罹患を通しての生と病気に対する価値観の変化に繋がることが推察された。さらにPTG 成長領域の「人間としての強さ」，「他者との関係」，「新たな可能性」，「人生の感謝及び精神的変容」において，PTGの自覚の程度に関わらず共通する特徴があることが示された。【Purpose】 Posttraumatic growth （PTG） has been shown to occur in cancer survivors, but no study has addressed the specific content of each growth area of PTG. In this study, we aim to clarify the specific content of each growing area of PTG derived from the cancer experience from semi-structured interviews of cancer survivors.【Method】 A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight female cancer survivors.Posttraumatic growth Inventory-Japanese was used to group the degree of PTG awareness. We constructed a co-occurrence network that visualized the co-occurrence relationship using the level of PTG awareness as an external variable, and analyzed the commonly accepted terms.【Progress】 Strength as a person was related to “self,” “death,” “person,” “experience,” and “getting over” while relationships with others were related to “person,” “talk,” “new,” “family,” “friends,” “relationships,” “strong,” “now,” and “illness.”. In addition, it was shown that “person,” “patient association,” “vigor,” “talk” and “new” were related to new possibilities, and “self,” “life,” “disease” and “person” were related to appreciation for life and psychosexual transformation.【Disccusion】 It was suggested that the experience of feeling close to death and the realization of the finiteness of life led to changes in interpersonal relationships such as appreciation for family and friends and deepening of bonds, actions such as starting up a patient association, and changes in values for life and disease through cancer. Furthermore, it was shown that each growing region of PTG has a common concept regardless of the degree of awareness of PTG.

困難やストレスフルな出来事はネガティブな結果を引き起こすだけではなく、ポジティブな変化や成長の機会にもなる。困難やストレスフルな出来事を経験した人が、その体験を通して、以前よりもポジティブに変化し、成長することは「心的外傷後成長（Post Traumatic Growth；PTG）」や「ストレス関連成長（Stress Related Growth；SRG）」と呼ばれ、近年、盛んに研究が行われている。本稿では、日本国内の PTG、SRG に関する研究を紹介した上で、困難やストレスフルな出来事がポジティブな変化や成長を引き起こすプロセスについて概観する。その上で、ポジティブな変化や成長を促す要因としてソーシャルサポートを取り上げ、PTG や SGR との関連を検討する。最後に、これらの検討を踏まえて、今後の研究課題を指摘する。

Resume Un bon equilibrage ligamentaire lors de la pose d’une prothese totale de genou est suppose ameliorer les resultats cliniques, mais l’obtention d’un equilibre ligamentaire est tres dependante du chirurgien sans aide technologique. Aussi, nous proposons une technique presentee associant l’utilisation du bras robotise MAKO (Stryker, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA) comme seul moyen d’equilibrer la tension ligamentaire par des recoupes osseuses sous le controle du capteur de force VERASENSE (Orthosensor, Inc, Dania Beach, Florida, USA), lors de la mise en place d’une prothese totale de genou. Sur cette serie preliminaire de 29 patients, a la fin de la procedure, 27 cas (93 %) etaient juges comme equilibres en extension et 23 (79 %) en flexion et en extension, cela sans avoir pratique aucun geste d’allongement des parties molles peri-articulaires. Le role du capteur de force est d’optimiser, apres les premieres coupes osseuses, l’analyse de l’equilibre ligamentaire et guider une eventuelle recoupe osseuse (femorale ou tibiale). Cette technique permet un equilibre quantifiable et maitrise de la tension ligamentaire lors de la pose d’une prothese totale de genou. La collecte des donnees objectives peroperatoires permettra de faire avancer les connaissances sur la mise en place d’une prothese totale de genou.

【目的】本研究では，トラウマ性ストレスによる心身障害を抱えた50代女性に対する，トラウマ体験を物語ることに焦点を当てた介入の症例から心的外傷後成長（Posttraumatic growth: PTG）の生起過程を考察する。【現病歴】a 市における自然災害死目撃を機に不安，恐怖が持続。薬物治療で回復に向かうも，a 市に帰郷すると体調が増悪するというサイクルを繰り返した。【事例の経過】トラウマ体験を物語ることを目的に，ナラティブ・エクスポージャー・セラピー（Narrative Exposure Therapy: NET）を実施した結果，不安と恐怖が軽減した。その過程の中で夫との親密さが増し，ともにトラウマに立ち向かった結果，症状なくa 市に帰郷できるようになった。【考察】トラウマ体験を物語ることで，PTG に必要な「意図的反芻」，「語りの発展」，「スキーマの変化」を促進し「人間としての強さ」，「他者との関係」の領域においてPTG が生起したと考えられる。【Purpose】 This clinical study is to report the effectiveness of narrative approach for PTG to open up traumatic experiences in a 50s women with psychosomatic disorder due to traumatic stress.【History of present illness】 I anxiety and fear continued after witnessing the death of a natural disaster in a city. The patient recovered with medication. However, she repeated the cycle that his physical condition got worse when he returned to a city.【Progress】 As she described her traumatic experience, her anxiety and fear lessened. In the process, the intimacy with the husband increased, and they faced the trauma together. Two years after intervention, She was back to a city without symptoms.【Disccusion】 It is considered that “intentional rumination”, “development of the narrative”, and “change of the schema”necessary for PTG were promoted by telling the traumatic experience, and PTG arose in the region of “strength as a human” and “relation with others”

Nursing students, who need to reflect on self, secure their identity, and be prepared as would-be nurses, can make a good use of post-traumatic growth (PTG) that can function as a catalyst for positive change even amidst this COVID-19 crisis. Emotional regulation strategies in traumatic events are key factors for successful growth, resilience is positively associated with PTG, and distress disclosure is an important factor for stress reduction. In this context, this study is a descriptive research study to identify factors influencing the PTG of nursing students, using emotional regulation, resilience, and distress disclosure as the main variables. Data were collected from 231 junior and senior students of the nursing departments of two universities, and the collected data were analyzed using the t-test, the Mann–Whitney U test, ANOVA, the Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression in SPSS/WIN 26.0. Analysis of the PTG scores of the nursing students by general characteristics revealed significant differences in PTG according to the transfer status, perceived health status, and levels of satisfaction with major, hybrid-learning class, interpersonal relationship satisfaction, and clinical practice. Factors influencing PTG were identified to be resilience, reappraisal among emotional regulation strategies, satisfaction with clinical practice, and transfer, with the overall explanatory power calculated at 44%. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to consider resilience and reappraisal, which is a sub-variable of emotional regulation strategies, in order to develop programs designed to promote PTG of nursing students in the future.

Die "Letzte Generation" versteht sich als "die letzte Generation, die den Klimakollaps und damit die Zerstörung unserer Welt, wie wir sie kennen, noch aufhalten kann". Sie will ein "Feueralarm" sein und bezieht sich auf § 34 StGB. Es geht nicht darum zu gefallen, sondern darum, eine Botschaft unüberhörbar zu übermitteln: "Reduktion der Treibhausgas-emissionen!". Die Regierung soll das GG Art 20a ernst nehmen und niederschwellige Forderungen sofort erfüllen: 9-EUR-Ticket, Tempolimit 100 km/h auf Autobahnen. Verwiesen wird auf den Bürgerrat Klima. Im Bürgergutachten steht zur Luftfahrt: "Beim Flugverkehr fordern die Bürgerrätinnen und Bürgerräte eine Erhöhung der Flugkosten durch das Erheben bzw. Erhöhen von Steuern auf Flüge, um Fliegen weniger attraktiv zu machen und Flüge zu reduzieren. Außerdem sprachen sie sich für eine ambitioniertere Umstellung der im Flugverkehr genutzten Kraftstoffe auf synthetische Kraftstoffe aus sowie für eine Vermeidung von Flügen, insbesondere Kurzstreckenflügen.", Hamburg Aerospace Lecture Series --- Collection of Presentations --- http://www.AeroLectures.de

Nickel modified strontium hydroxyapatite (Ni/Sr-HAP) supported catalysts are studied in selective methanation of CO/CO₂. In this work, a new type of nano rod-shaped strontium hydroxyapatite-based catalysts with two different sizes and aspect ratios were prepared by sol–gel method and in next step, Ni precursor was wet impregnated i.e., denoted as Ni/Sr-HAP and Ni/Sr-HAP(F127). The catalytic tests were performed in CO and CO2 methanation reactions and evaluated the light-off temperatures curves (225–450 °C) under ambient pressure in a fixed-bed flow reactor. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TEM, SEM, TPR, CO₂/H₂-TPD and H₂-chemisorption techniques. From XRD analysis, both Ni/Sr-HAP and Ni/Sr-HAP(F127) were identified as the hydroxyapatite type structure with high crystallinity and very low intensity peaks corresponds to strontium phosphates as the main phase and structure. The TEM and SEM micrographs of Ni/Sr-HAP catalysts displayed a nano- rod shaped morphology with different dimensions and exhibited average Ni particle size of ~ 9.2 nm. While Ni/Sr-HAP(F127) shown the rod size in the length in the range of 100–250 nm and width in the range of 20–40 nm with average Ni particle size 5.7 nm. The F127 mediated support Sr-HAP synthesis i.e., Ni/Sr-HAP(F127) mesoporous catalyst possessed higher metal surface with smaller Ni particles size and possessed higher CO₂ adsorption capacity. The medium strength basic sites of Ni/Sr-HAP catalyst played an important role in methanation reactions. Based on the characterization and the catalysts activity results, small sized nanorods of Ni/Sr-HAP(F127) is the most active and selective catalyst due to the higher Ni dispersion, higher amounts of medium basic sites, and reducibility character than the bigger nanorods based Ni/Sr-HAP catalyst.

This longitudinal study on a high-adversity population involves three separate research projects: Project 1 examines the predictors of perceptions of post-traumatic growth. Project 2 examines the relationship between trait resilience and current-standing post-traumatic growth. Project 3 examines disordered eating and post-traumatic growth. Each project has separate pre-registered research questions.

Zhidan Wang,1 Alishba Hania,2 Asma Muzaffar,2 Saadia Zia2 1School of Education Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Psychology, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, PakistanCorrespondence: Alishba Hania Email alishba_hania92@hotmail.comPurpose: Leading a normal life and managing daily psychological or physical stress is hard for everybody but when a person is diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during a widespread pandemic, the battle is inescapable. This research aimed to explore some positive dimensions that can lessen the adversities of these women.Design and Methods: We assessed all 200 cases of GDM who were registered in the maternity wards of the government and private hospitals of South Punjab, Pakistan. Respondents were diagnosed with GDM during the first wave of COVID-19. Post-traumatic growth (PTG) inventory, Family environment scale, and Partner supportive communication (PSC) scale were used. SEM and moderation analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized relationship among the variables.Results: Result showed that elicitation of thoughts and feelings (β = 0.109, t-value = 3.501, p = 0.001), effective listening (β = − 0.144, t-value = 1.928, p = 0.054), and communication towards partner (β = − 0.209, t-value = 4.850, p = 0.005) significantly moderated the relationship between family environment and post traumatic growth.Practical Implications: This research is beneficial for health practitioners because the trauma of being diagnosed with such a disease can be alleviated by the role of family environment and PSC.Keywords: post-traumatic growth, partner supportive communication, family environment, gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM, PSC, PTG

Studies show that experiencing traumatic events can lead to positive psychological change, or posttraumatic growth (PTG). In the hope of promoting PTG, authors have been focusing on identifying the factors that may foster PTG. Despite these attempts, the literature shows inconsistencies, making it difficult to know which variables may be involved in the process of growth. Indeed, authors seem to disagree on the nature of the relationship between PTSD and PTG, time since the event, social support, intrusive rumination, and sociodemographics. Thus, this study aims to clarify these discrepancies, and verify whether the processes involved are the same across two different cultural groups, both of which are confronted with traumatic events regularly: 409 American firefighters, and 407 French firefighters. Results indicate that, in both samples, PTG is positively related to PTSD, subjective perceptions of the event, stress during the event, disruption of core-beliefs, and deliberate rumination; and unrelated to social support, core-self evaluations, and socio-demographic variables (age, gender, relationship status, etc.). However, time since the event and the number of years on the job only predicted PTG in the American sample, while colleague and emotional support only predicted PTG in the French sample. Additionally, American firefighters reported more growth, more social support, more positive self-perceptions, more intrusive rumination, and more neuroticism than French firefighters. These results suggest that the process of growth, as defined by Tedeschi and Calhoun, is relatively stable among firefighters, but that some differences do exist between cultural groups.

In 2020 the European Commission approved the GND (Green New Deal), a strategic plan aimed at the decarbonization of the EU by 2050. In this scenario, the diffusion of alternative renewable energy sources (RESs) play a key role, particularly electric energy production from wind and photovoltaic power plants. Regardless, the nonprogrammable nature of these power sources led recent studies to focus the interest on the power-to-gas solution (PtG), consisting of the electrolytic transformation of excesses of unused electric energy into hydrogen. The complexity of this technology requires the development of strategic optimization models aimed at finding the best locations for new PtG plants in specific territorial scenarios. This paper presents the development of a GIS-based optimization model that combines an operational research approach with territorial services based on geographic information system (GIS) data. The study is located in Sicily (Italy), considering the large renewable energy penetration in the larger Mediterranean island. The developed model allows us to find the best location for new PtG installations in the considered area by combining GIS automated processing with cost function resolution. The results of this work could be useful in the years to come in light of the rapid spread of hydrogen energy production in Italy.

How people recover from major life events and tragedies (e.g., floods) may be preceded and mediated by people’s social group memberships and associated identities (Haslam et al., 2018; Muldoon et al., 2019). Indeed, researchers have suggested that the changes these groups and identities undergo following an event or tragedy can influence the resources a person can draw on to recover from it (Muldoon et al., 2019). One model that seeks to clarify the role of social identity factors on post-event adjustment trajectories – the social identity model of traumatic identity change (SIMTIC; Muldoon et al., 2019) – suggests three processes are key to post-event outcomes: (i) social identity gain, which refers to the development of meaningful and positive new social identities that can provide resilience in response to these events; (ii) social identity continuity, which suggests that events allow for the maintenance of valued social identities elicit positive responses; and (iii) social identity revitalisation, in which growth is facilitated through reinvigoration of existing identities or development of new identities following the event (Muldoon et al., 2019). Overall, this model suggests that resilience and growth are built upon the social identity changes that result from traumatic events (Muldoon et al., 2019), yet further research is needed to consolidate the model. The aim of this study is to therefore understand how social identity factors and the quality of group memberships before and after major life events (e.g., floods) affect psychological responses, psychological resources, and recovery. Building upon a first exploratory study, which tested the Social Identity Model of Traumatic Identity Change (SIMTIC) in those who had experienced an extreme weather event, the aim of this new phase of research is to understand causal relationships using a priming manipulation to make one of three conditions salient: (1) a group membership gain condition, (2) a group membership continuity condition, or (3) a control condition. Similar to the first exploratory study, which recruited Black Summer bushfire survivors, this study will recruit those who have been exposed to extreme weather events. Specifically, we will look to recruit people in South-East Queensland and Northern NSW, Australia, who experienced the floods in February 2022.

Experiencing a traumatic situation such as breast cancer can, beside negative consequences, have a positive impact, described as post-traumatic growth (PTG). A factor that facilitates psychological recovery when coping with stressful events is psychological resilience. The aim of the present study was to assess whether PTG occurs in a group of women with breast cancer and whether resilience is a personal trait contributing to its occurrence. The study group comprised 100 women with breast cancer, aged 31–80 years, almost half of whom were aged 61–70 years (n = 46, 46%). The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, the Impact of Event Scale, and the Resilience Assessment Questionnaire (KOP) were used for the study. All women manifested PTG, with a mean intensity of 76.61 ± 13.45 points. The greatest changes were observed in the subjects’ appreciation of life, and the smallest in their relations with others, self-perception, and spiritual changes. The KOP scale measured a mean resilience of 103.80 ± 16.57. The results obtained confirm the co-occurrence of psychological resilience and PTG, especially personal resilience and social competences. Additionally, women subjected to additional traumatic events other than cancer manifested a higher level of PTG.

Correlates of post-traumatic growth (PTG) have been examined in the area of health psychology previously, with much focus on aspects of personality, coping, and social support. This systematic review aimed to examine correlates of PTG for those who have experienced a myocardial infarction (MI). Studies which met inclusion criteria were assessed for quality and reviewed. Results showed an inconsistent strength of associations between studies and so conclusions cannot be drawn. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed and recommendations for future research are suggested.

Introduction The birth of a sick child, as well as the infant's subsequent hospitalization in an neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), is undoubtedly stressful for the parents of the infant. Most studies conducted in groups of parents of such children focus on the assessment of the negative changes in their functioning due to such stress. The authors were interested in positive changes in the psychological functioning of parents that may occur after traumatic experiences. These changes are referred to as post-traumatic growth (PTG). Objective The aim of this study was to examine whether parents experience post-traumatic growth and to determine the predictors of PTG in fathers and mothers, depending on the coping strategy adopted. Material and methods The study involved 82 parents, whose children were previously hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit. The methods used included the following standardized psychological tests: the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the COPE Inventory. Socio-demographic and medical data were also collected. Results Analysis of the data proved that the illness and hospitalization of a child are significantly associated with the occurrence of post-traumatic growth in parents. PTG in mothers is higher than in fathers. Predictors of PTG in fathers include the use of strategies aimed at seeking emotional support and positive reinterpretation and growth, while in the group of mothers, seeking emotional support, religious coping and planning were the coping strategies used. Conclusions Research on post-traumatic growth should be expanded. Knowledge of the predictors of positive growth in a difficult situation can contribute to the widespread implementation of primary and secondary prevention of post-traumatic stress symptoms as well as increase positive changes in individuals who have experienced traumatic events.

In which way, and in which sectors, will renewable energy be integrated in the German Energy System by 2030, 2040, and 2050? How can the resulting energy system be characterised following a −95% greenhouse gas emission reduction scenario? Which role will hydrogen play? To address these research questions, techno-economic energy system modelling was performed. Evaluation of the resulting operation of energy technologies was carried out from a system and a business point of view. Special consideration of gas technologies, such as hydrogen production, transport, and storage, was taken as a large-scale and long-term energy storage option and key enabler for the decarbonisation of the non-electric sectors. The broad set of results gives insight into the entangled interactions of the future energy technology portfolio and its operation within a coupled energy system. Amongst other energy demands, CO2 emissions, hydrogen production, and future power plant capacities are presented. One main conclusion is that integrating the first elements of a large-scale hydrogen infrastructure into the German energy system, already, by 2030 is necessary for ensuring the supply of upscaling demands across all sectors. Within the regulatory regime of 2020, it seems that this decision may come too late, which jeopardises the achievement of transition targets within the horizon 2050.

In which way, and in which sectors, will renewable energy be integrated in the German Energy System by 2030, 2040, and 2050? How can the resulting energy system be characterised following a −95% greenhouse gas emission reduction scenario? Which role will hydrogen play? To address these research questions, techno-economic energy system modelling was performed. Evaluation of the resulting operation of energy technologies was carried out from a system and a business point of view. Special consideration of gas technologies, such as hydrogen production, transport, and storage, was taken as a large-scale and long-term energy storage option and key enabler for the decarbonisation of the non-electric sectors. The broad set of results gives insight into the entangled interactions of the future energy technology portfolio and its operation within a coupled energy system. Amongst other energy demands, CO2 emissions, hydrogen production, and future power plant capacities are presented. One main conclusion is that integrating the first elements of a large-scale hydrogen infrastructure into the German energy system, already, by 2030 is necessary for ensuring the supply of upscaling demands across all sectors. Within the regulatory regime of 2020, it seems that this decision may come too late, which jeopardises the achievement of transition targets within the horizon 2050.

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has been traumatogenic for some people, posttraumatic growth (PTG) outcomes have also been observed. This study examined the PTG in adolescents and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and PTG. An online questionnaire was conducted on 2090 adolescent Chinese students to measure COVID-19 related exposure, self-efficacy, PTSD, and PTG. PTG prevalence was found in 20.6% of the sample, with the relationship between PTSD and PTG being found to be a reverse U-shaped curve. Objective exposure factors were found to be closely associated with PTSD symptoms but not with PTG. Similarly, subjective feelings of extreme fear were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms but not with PTG. Self-efficacy was found to be positively correlated with PTG (r = 0.551) and to moderate the relationship between PTSD and PTG. For those with low self-efficacy, the higher the PTSD, the higher the PTG, and for those with high self-efficacy, the higher the PTSD, the lower the PTG. As an improved sense of self-efficacy in adolescents could promote positive psychological transformations, these results could assist in identifying self-efficacy levels and providing guidance for targeted psychological interventions to promote positive growth.

The current study aimed to explore how COVID-19-traumatized populations cope using a coping model based on wills to exist, live, and survive (WTELS) that leads to positive coping and posttraumatic growth (PTG). We used data from 11 Arab countries (N = 2732), including Egypt (N = 831), and included measures for COVID-19 stressors (COVID-fear, economic, lockdown, and grief stressors), WTELS, resilience, religiosity, spirituality, social support, and PTG. We conducted ANOVA on the main sample to explore the differences between Arab countries, hierarchical regressions, and path analysis on the Egyptian subsample to test a model of the effects on WTELS. In the path model, WTELS was the independent variable. Other coping strategies were mediating variables, and COVID-19 stressor types were outcome variables. ANOVA on the main sample indicated that Egypt was the highest on COVID-19 stressors (infection fears, economic, lockdown, and grief stressors), actual infection, and WTELS. Hierarchical regression indicated that social support, resilience, and WTELS were positive predictors of PTG, with WTELS had the highest effect size (β = .41) and WTELS being a negative predictor of COVID-19 stressors, while resilience and social support were not. Path analysis indicated that WTELS predicted higher religiosity, spirituality, social support, resilience, and lower COVID-19 stressors. Religiosity predicted higher spirituality, social support, and resilience and lower COVID-19 stressors. Interfaith spirituality predicted higher resilience and lower COVID-19 grief stressors. The results validated the central role of WTELS. Results helped to identify potentially effective interventions with COVID-19 victims that focus on WTELS, spirituality, and religiosity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00712-x.

Trauma and trauma-specific mental health difficulties (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) are highly prevalent in people with psychosis. However, not everyone develops post-traumatic symptoms, and some people even experience post-traumatic growth (PTG) following trauma. It is important to identify which protective factors are associated with less severe trauma symptoms and/or positive outcomes to inform the development and implementation of interventions fostering these variables. Eighty-five patients with experiences of psychosis took part in a cross-sectional study. They were administered questionnaires measuring exposure to traumatic events, symptoms of PTSD and complex PTSD and potential protective factors assumed to be associated with lower vulnerability for post-traumatic symptoms and higher post-traumatic growth (trait resilience, secure attachment, social support, adaptive coping, optimism, general self-efficacy). Multiple hierarchical regression showed that some of these protective factors, in particular optimism, were associated with lower post-traumatic symptoms, explaining 21% of the variance in complex PTSD symptoms and 16% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. However, the hypothesized protective factors, in particular resilience and adaptive coping, explained a considerably larger proportion of variance in PTG (44%). Our results suggest that whilst these variables provide only moderate protection from the vulnerability to experience post-traumatic stress, they may play an important role in allowing people to find meaning despite multiple traumas and subsequently lead more fulfilling lives. Therapies targeting the emotional and psychological consequences of trauma in people with psychosis might benefit from the integration of intervention strategies to enhance these additional psychological protective factors, which in turn may lead to positive treatment outcomes beyond the mere reduction of post-traumatic stress symptoms.

Contexte : un ajustement précis et une couverture osseuse optimale du composant fémoral sont des éléments essentiels dans les prothèses totales de genou (PTG). Les connaissances anthropologiques et les progrès techniques ont conduit au développement d’implants morphométriques proposant une large variété de formes et de tailles de composants. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer les avantages potentiels de l'utilisation d'implants morphométriques par rapport aux implants conventionnels concernant la couverture osseuse et le positionnement de l’implant fémoral, et leur bénéfice éventuel sur les résultats cliniques et fonctionnels.Méthodes : deux groupes de trente patients recevant soit une PTG morphométrique, soit une PTG non morphométrique pour arthrose tricompartimentale du genou ont été appariés (âge, IMC, sexe et scores préopératoires KSS et KOOS) à partir d'une base de données collectée prospectivement. Chaque patient a été suivi pour une durée moyenne de 4 ans, avec évaluation clinique (Scores KSS, KOOS, flexion) et radiologique à intervalle régulier (3 mois, 6 mois, 1 an et annuellement après l’intervention). Un scanner post opératoire a été réalisé pour chaque patient à 3 mois post opératoire pour analyse du positionnement des implants et réalisation de mesures des paramètres suivants : rotation de l'implant fémoral, mesures des marges osseuses para-prothétiques, taux de débord prothétique, détermination de la couverture osseuse de l’implant. Résultats : les scores cliniques et fonctionnels étaient meilleurs en post opératoire dans le groupe de patients ayant bénéficié d’une prothèse morphométrique (différence moyenne KSS de 21 points, p 0,05) était similaire entre les deux groupes et était le plus souvent décrit sur la zone latérale de la coupe distale et sur la zone médiale du chanfrein antérieur dans les deux groupes. La prothèse morphométrique permettait une meilleure couverture osseuse avec une marge osseuse plus mince entre le bord du composant fémoral et le rebord cortical de la coupe osseuse (2,71 mm vs 4,98 mm, p < 0,001).Un débord prothétique de plus de 2 mm était associé à de moins bons résultats alors qu'une marge osseuse plus fine avait un impact bénéfique sur les scores cliniques (KOOS, KSS, p

L’équilibrage ligamentaire est important pour le résultat fonctionnel d’une prothèse totale de genou. L’alignement mécanique est le plus utilisé. Grâce à l’avancée de la technologie et une meilleure compréhension de la biomécanique du genou et des parties molles, de nouvelles techniques d’alignements ont émergé. L’objectif principal était l’évaluation d’une technique d’alignement spécifique avec équilibrage ligamentaire par l’appréciation des écarts maximaux. L’objectif secondaire était l’analyse comparative entre deux techniques d’alignements robotisées : une systématique osseuse (alignement mécanique ajustée) et une spécifique ligamentaire (alignement par les écarts maximaux).Matériel et méthodes : une série prospective de 70 patients avec une technique d’alignement spécifique ligamentaire (ASL) était constituée. Elle permettait d’évaluer l’alignement et la stabilité ligamentaire par la mesure des écarts maximaux résiduels dans la concavité et la convexité en flexion/extension. Une série comparative rétrospective type cas-témoin a permis de comparer la technique ASL à une technique d’alignement systématique osseux (ASO). Les 2 séries étaient appariées. Les procédures chirurgicales étaient réalisées à l’aide du bras robotisé haptique MAKO®.Résultats : la cohorte prospective retrouvait des écarts maximaux similaires dans la concavité et dans la convexité. Une corrélation entre les espaces exprimés en distance (millimètre) et en angulation (degré) avait été retrouvée en extension (p < 0.001) ainsi qu’en flexion (p < 0.001). La déformation résiduelle post opératoire moyenne était de 2.4° en mesure MAKO® contre 0.51° sur les télémétries. Les résultats fonctionnels dans la série comparative n’ont pas montré de différences significatives entre les groupes. Il existait autant de complications dans les 2 groupes. Il existait moins d’alignements contrariés post opératoires dans la série prospective (p < 0.001). L’épaisseur des coupes osseuses était moindre dans la convexité pour le groupe ASL. Conclusion : la technique d’alignement spécifique ligamentaire, via l’usage du MAKO®, permet de resituer une tension ligamentaire satisfaisante tout en maintenant une déformation résiduelle raisonnable. Cette technique spécifique permet de réaliser une arthroplastie du genou en respectant au mieux l’enveloppe capsulo-ligamentaire dans son intégrité et sa déformation initiale.

In 1995 Benington and Heller formulated an energy hypothesis of sleep centered on a key role of glycogen. It was postulated that a major function of sleep is to replenish glycogen stores in the brain that have been depleted during wakefulness which is associated to an increased energy demand. Astrocytic glycogen depletion participates to an increase of extracellular adenosine release which influences sleep homeostasis. Here, we will review some evidence obtained by studies addressing the question of a key role played by glycogen metabolism in sleep regulation as proposed by this hypothesis or by an alternative hypothesis named "glycogenetic" hypothesis as well as the importance of the confounding effect of glucocortico < ds. Even though actual collected data argue in favor of a role of sleep in brain energy balance-homeostasis, they do not support a critical and direct involvement of glycogen metabolism on sleep regulation. For instance, glycogen levels during the sleep-wake cycle are driven by different physiological signals and therefore appear more as a marker-integrator of brain energy status than a direct regulator of sleep homeostasis. In support of this we provide evidence that blockade of glycogen mobilization does not induce more sleep episodes during the active period while locomotor activity is reduced. These observations do not invalidate the energy hypothesis of sleep but indicate that underlying cellular mechanisms are more complex than postulated by Benington and Heller.

本研究では、大学生を対象にして、回想法を用いた質問紙調査によって、小学校から高等学校までの間にいじめ被害を経験した子どもたちについて、その当時やその後のソーシャルサポートがPTGにどのように影響を与えるかを検討してきた。

本研究は子どもの不登校が母親に与える影響について検討し，不登校児を持つ母親の支援に際してどのような枠組みを提供しうるのか，ナラティヴ・アプローチの観点を参考に探索を行うことを目的とした。研究Ⅰでは，子どもの不登校を経験した母親へのインタビューをM-GTA(Modified Grounded Theory Approach)を用いて分析した。その中では，不登校児の母親の多くが「子どもの不登校を経験し自身が成長した」というストーリーを語るという結果が得られため，研究Ⅱでは子どもの不登校を経験した母親と，子どもの不登校を経験していない母親の質的・量的な比較検討を行った。その結果，成長を感じる度合いに関しては，両者に差がなく，むしろ不登校児の母親のほうが不登校という枠組みに囚われた語りをしていることが明らかになった。子どもの育ちは親の責任というディスコースは子どもの不登校が終わっても母親に影響を与え続けており，そういった現状から母親は不登校について「自己の成長」を語ろうとすることが推察された。

Background: Previous studies indicate that social support, self-compassion, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) can affect prosocial behaviour and antisocial behaviour, but few studies have examined their combined role in prosocial and antisocial behaviour among adolescents who have experienced traumatic events. Objective: This study examined the mediating roles of self-compassion and PTG in the relationship between social support and prosocial and antisocial behaviour among Chinese adolescents after the Ya’an earthquake. Method: Four and a half years after the Ya’an earthquake, 492 students aged 13 to 18 in Lushan County (98.6% of the 499 students surveyed) were assessed using the following system: Measures of Trauma Exposure Questionnaire, Social Support Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and Child Behaviour Problems Questionnaire. Results: When we controlled for gender, age, and traumatic exposure, social support had a positive effect on prosocial behaviour. Moreover, social support had an indirect and positive effect on prosocial behaviour via positive self-compassion and PTG, as well as via an indirect path from positive self-compassion to PTG, but social support had a negative effect on antisocial behaviour via PTG, as well as via an indirect path from positive self-compassion to PTG on antisocial behaviour. Social support also had a positive effect on antisocial behaviour via negative self-compassion. Conclusion: Findings suggest that increased support may be beneficial for prosocial behaviour and reduce antisocial behaviour. Self-compassion and PTG play a significant mediating role between social support, prosocial behaviour, and antisocial behaviour., HIGHLIGHTS • This study examined the mediating roles of self-compassion (positive and negative self-compassion) and PTG in the relationship between social support and prosocial and antisocial behavior among Chinese adolescents after the Ya’an earthquake.

Adenine base editor containing TadA8e (ABE8e) has been reported in rice. However, the application of ABE8e in other plant species has not been described, and the comparison between ABE8e and ABE7.10, which is widely used in plants, has also been poorly studied. Here, we developed the ABE8e with the polycistronic tRNA-gRNA expression cassette (PTG-ABE8e) and PTG-ABE7.10 and compared their A-to-G editing efficiencies using both transient and stable transformation in the allotetraploid Nicotiana benthamiana. We found that the editing efficiency of PTG-ABE8e was significantly higher than that of PTG-ABE7.10, indicating that ABE8e was more efficient for A-to-G conversion in N. benthamiana. We further optimized the ABE8e editing efficiency by changing the sgRNA expression cassette and demonstrated that both PTG and single transcript unit (STU) enhanced ABE8e efficiency for A-to-G conversion in N. benthamiana. We also estimated the potential off-target effect of PTG-ABE8e at potential off-targeting sites predicted using an online tool in transgenic plants, and no off-target editing event was found for potential off-targeting sites selected, indicating that ABE8e could specifically facilitate A-to-G conversion. Our results showed that ABE8e with PTG structure was more suitable for A-to-G conversion in N. benthamiana and provided valuable clues for optimizing ABE tools in other plants.

The aim of this study is to explore psychological and mental health implications of social distancing and lockdown, in Greece in order to gain a better understanding of the COVID-19 crisis. For the purposes of this article, quantitative measures are used: the Greek versions of “Life Orientation Scale-Revised” (LOT-R) (Lyrakos, Damigos, Mavreas, Georgia, & Dimoliatis, 2010) to investigate the presence of dispositional optimism tendencies, “Impact of Event scale” (Mystakidou, Tsilika, Parpa, Galanos, & Vlahos, 2007) to assess the traumatic evaluation of the current events, “Perceived Stress Scale” (Andreou et al., 2011) to measure the stress levels amongst population, and “Posttraumatic Growth Inventory” (Mystakidou, Tsilika, Parpa, Galanos, & Vlahos, 2008) to examine positive aspects of the situation, are used. Questionnaires were distributed online a month after social distancing measures and three weeks following lockdown. The survey is addressed to general adult population and data collection lasted until the end of curfew (May 4th 2020). Hundred and sixty-seven (N = 167) participants completed the survey. Main results show that women obtain higher scores than men on the Impact Event Scale and they identify social distancing and curfew as traumatic events. However, men exhibit higher levels of Posttraumatic growth comparing to women, as to subscales “life appreciation” and “spirituality”. Stress and posttraumatic stress are highly correlated to PTG and enable its development in the context of COVID-19. Implications for research and practice will be recommended.

This thesis presents a qualitative analysis that may support psychological therapists make sense of the phenomenon of PTG, in an era of rapidly growing refugee populations where there is a need to reduce psychological therapy waiting lists. Refugees in the UK represent a large part of the clinical population. Research and practice suggest that refugee clients face a multitude of challenges post and pre migration. Thus far there has been research and clinical practice that has delineated how these practices have developed within western constructs and therapeutic models of understanding and helping refugee clients. More recently, there have been attempts to shift this focus away from the level of the symptoms. It is argued that the symptom focused approach alone, does not adequately address the therapeutic needs of the refugee clients and furthermore does not include this understanding in the existing therapy models. With this clinical debate focusing on trauma and the reduction of associated symptoms, less focus has been placed on growth within therapeutic practice. From a moderate social constructionist epistemology and critical realist ontological position the PTG phenomenon was explored. I report the results of a qualitative study of six therapists using in-depth thematic discourse analysis. Therapists that are working with refugees in the UK were asked questions on the five-factor PTG model to understand their perception and perspective of the model. The challenge of working from this perspective is to remain mindful of the wider context of the client experiences and so allow new thinking to emerge. I measured the main themes in the area of growth with a view to generalising the findings yet remain close to the particular in this type of therapy when working with refugees. To my knowledge this study is the first to examine PTG from the perspective of therapists working with refugees in the UK. It takes a deeper look at therapeutic mechanisms and how the theoretical ideas may affect therapy outcomes. To preview the results, the themes indicate that counselling intervention is required early on with a greater focus on managing painful emotions. After presenting the results I discuss implications for therapy research, training and clinical practice.

Background: The mental health outcomes from disasters have aroused great concern worldwide, yet few studies incorporate a long-term disaster recovery perspective. Evidence has also emerged about the importance of the social determinants of mental health, but aspects of recovery including disruptions to livelihoods and social networks remain relatively understudied. Objective: This study utilizes cognitive adaptation theory to examine the long-term relationship between inadequate disaster recovery and mental health outcomes while considering domains of post-traumatic growth (PTG) as mediators. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1369 adult survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Correlation analyses and multivariable regression analyses examined the association between inadequate disaster recovery and mental health outcomes, while parallel multiple mediator models and structural equation model explored the mediating role of PTG among these relationships. Results: 52.2% and 8.1% of the respondents reported inadequate recovery on livelihood and social ties, respectively. Inadequate disaster recovery was associated with higher levels of PTSD and depressive symptoms, and this association was partially mediated by PTG. Lower reported PTG on the interpersonal relationship and new possibilities domains mediated the association between inadequate livelihood recovery on PTSD and depressive symptom severity, and enhanced personal strength mediated the association between inadequate social ties recovery on these symptoms. Conclusion: Enhancing disaster recovery is essential for mental health protection, and PTG may be a valuable starting point in cognitive therapy to protect against stress responses after trauma., HIGHLIGHTS • Disaster recovery is a long-term issue, which should be enhanced in further disaster reconstruction programmes. • Poor disaster recovery associates with higher levels of mental health symptoms. • PTG mediates the relationship between disaster recovery and mental health symptoms.

Exercise‐induced fatigue and exhaustion are interesting areas for many researchers. Muscle glycogen is critical for physical performance. However, how glycogen metabolism is manipulated during exercise is not very clear. The aim here is to assess the impact of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) on skeletal muscle glycogen and subsequent regulation of exercise capacity. Skeletal muscle‐specific IRF4 knockout mice show normal body weight and insulin sensitivity, but better exercise capacity and increased glycogen content with unaltered triglyceride levels compared to control mice on chow diet. In contrast, mice overexpression of IRF4 displays decreased exercise capacity and lower glycogen content. Mechanistically, IRF4 regulates glycogen‐associated regulatory subunit protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) to manipulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. Knockdown of PTG can reverse the effects imposed by the absence of IRF4 in vivo. These studies reveal a regulatory pathway including IRF4/PTG/glycogen synthesis on controlling exercise capacity., Muscle glycogen is critical for exercise‐induced fatigue. However, how glycogen is manipulated during exercise is not well‐known. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) was induced by exercise. Mice without IRF4 specific in muscle show increased glycogen content pre‐exercise and subsequently affects exercise capacity. These studies reveal a feedback signaling pathway including IRF4/protein targeting to glycogen (PTG)/glycogen synthesis that controlling exercise capacity.

Background: Although previous research has demonstrated that fear and guilt have an effect on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is still unclear how these two emotions affect posttraumatic growth (PTG). Moreover, few studies have examined the mechanisms by which fear and guilt affect PTSD and PTG. Guided by Lee et al.’s theory of PTSD generation mechanisms and Calhoun and Tedeschi’s PTG theory, the current study proposes that intrusive rumination (IR) and deliberate rumination (DR) may play a mediating role in the effects of guilt and fear on PTSD and PTG. Objective: This study aimed to simultaneously examine the mediating roles of IR and DR in the relationship between fear, guilt, PTSD, and PTG. Method: This study employed a two-wave longitudinal design. A total of 408 adolescent survivors were assessed using self-report questionnaires after the Ya’an earthquake in China. Measures were obtained for trauma exposure, subjective fear, survivor guilt, IR, and DR at three and a half years after the Ya’an earthquake (Time 1), while PTSD and PTG were assessed at time point four and a half years after the Ya’an earthquake (Time 2). Results: The results showed that both fear and guilt had a direct and positive effect on PTSD and PTG. Fear and guilt were positive predictors of PTSD and negative predictors of PTG through the mediating variable of IR. DR mediated the relationship between guilt and PTG but not PTSD, and also mediated the relationship between IR and PTG. Conclusions: Study findings indicate that fear, guilt, and intrusive rumination may contribute to PTSD symptoms in adolescent trauma survivors. Results also suggest that adolescent survivors can grow emotionally and psychologically following traumatic events, and that directed rumination may contribute to such growth. Interventions that reduce fear, guilt, and intrusive rumination while increasing directed rumination may assist adolescent trauma survivors in recovery and growth.

Nowadays, maritime transport has many challenges. Fuel consumption is necessary to make work the main and auxiliary systems, electrical and electronic equipment. However, during the process of consumption part of the thermal energy is not used, contributing to environmental impacts. In this context, ships share the concern, and to illustrate this, it is performed an “Economic Profitability and Environmental Impact for the Installation of a Cogeneration System in an Aframax Oil Tanker”. From the exhaust gases and implementing thermodynamic techniques it is possible to know the amount of recoverable energy using a gas turbine, steam or combined cycles. The feasibility of its application is based on the fuel saved by not using the auxiliary engines totally or partially, and evaluating in a period of 15 years through financial indexes. Finally, knowing the fuel savings, it is demonstrated how many of air pollutants (CO2, NOX, SOX and PM) would be avoided for installing the cogeneration system.

Klimatförändringar är den enskilt största utmaningen som mänskligheten står inför under 2000-talet. För att ta itu med denna utmaning förutses förnybara energikällor en stor ökning av andelen primärenergi globalt. Den naturliga variabiliteten hos sol och vind kräver att energilagring används tillsammans med dem för en energisystemövergång. Power-to-Gas (PtG) -teknologier erbjuder en attraktiv lösning genom att möjliggöra omvandling av elektrisk energi till vätgas eller metan, vilket möjliggör integration över nätverk och sektorövergripande integration. Denna avhandling undersöker lönsamheten för en PtG-anläggning med enprimär applikation för att producera syntetisk metan (SNG) för injektion av naturgas(NG). En teknik-ekonomisk modell skapades för att simulera anläggningens drift under ett år och extrapolera resultaten för projektets livslängd. Modellen designades baserat på ett pilotprojekt som utvecklades i Frankrike med namnet HYCAUNAIS och har använt partner-samt litteraturdata för bearbetning. På grund av begränsningar i den lokala NG-nätkapaciteten undersöktes era scenarier som inkluderade att lägga till ytterligare investeringar som möjliggör ökad driftstid och intäktsströmmar, inklusive: fast elpris eller day-ahead (DA) marknadsdeltagande; nätuppgradering för ökad NG-nätkapacitet; och CH4 och H2 mobilitet. Elektrolysörers deltagande i frekvensbegränsningsreserven (FCR) ansågs också förökad lönsamhet. Resultaten visade att standardfallsscenariot (inga ytterligare investeringar) med deltagande på DA-elmarknaden var det mest attraktiva när det gäller tre undersökta mål: nettonuvärde (NPV), återbetalningsperiod (PBP) och nivåniserad metankostnad (LCOM). Driftstiden för standardfallet befanns vara cirka 90% av året; produktionen hindrades inte av begränsad nätkapacitet tillräckligt för att anse ytterligare investeringar nödvändiga. Vidare bör deltagande på DA-marknaden bestämmas av en upphörd betalningsvilja (WTP) för el i motsats till marginell vinst (MP). Att använda WTP som avgörande faktor tillät ökade driftstimmar och lägre LCOM. Men i alla undersökta scenarier var inga lönsamma; vilket innebär att marknadsförhållandena fortfarande måste förbättras kraftigt innan PtG kan få fart. En känslighetsanalys gjordes på standardfallsscenariot för att se vilka parametrar som påverkar lönsamheten mest och bör vara i fokus för vidare forskning och utveckling. SNG-taxan visade sig vara den mest inytelserika på NPV, vilket krävde att en tariff på minst 188 e=MWh (120 e=MWh användes för modellering) för att vara lönsam. Elpriset var det näst mest inytelserika och krävde ett genomsnittligt marknadspris på 25 e=MWh för att vara lönsamt. Eftersom PtG-teknik kan ge era externa fördelar som inte realiseras ekonomiskt av investerare, kan intäktsgenerering av dem ge ett sätt att förbättra lönsamheten. Detta inkluderar nätbalansering och exibilitet, avkolning, lägre nätkostnader ochförbättrad energisäkerhet. Sammanfattningsvis måste kapitalkostnaderna för utrustning,elpriser och avgifter i samband med dessa samt taxor för gröna gaser förbättras dramatiskt för att SNG-produktionen ska vara en attraktiv lösning för minskning och avkolning av el. Climate change is the single largest challenge facing humanity in the 21st century. To tackle this challenge, renewable energies are seeing a large increase in primary energy share globally. The natural variableness of solar and wind requires energy storage to be used in conjuction with them for an energy system transition. Power-to-Gas (PtG) technologies offer an attractive solution by allowing conversion of electrical energy to hydrogen or methane, enabling cross-energy-network and cross-sectoral integration. This thesis investigates profitability of a PtG plant with a primary application of producing synthetic methane (SNG) for natural gas (NG) grid injection. A techno-economical model was created to simulate plant operation over one year and extrapolate the results for the project lifespan. The model was designed based off of a pilot project being developed in France named HYCAUNAIS and used partner as well as literature data for processing. Due to limitations inlocal NG grid capacity, several scenarios were investigated that included adding additional investments that allow increased operational time and revenue streams, including: fixed electrical price or day-ahead (DA) market participation; mesh upgrade for increased NG grid capacity; and CH4 and H2 mobility. Electrolyser participation in the frequency containment reserve (FCR) was also considered for increased profitability. The results determined the standard case scenario (no additional investments) with participation in the DA electricity market was the most attractive in terms of three objectives investigated: net present value (NPV), payback period (PBP) and levelized cost of methane (LCOM). The operational hours of the standard case was found to be approximately 90% of the year; production was not hindered by limited grid capacity sufficiently to deem additional investments necessary. Further, participation in the DA market should be determined by a cut-off willingness to pay (WTP) for electricity as opposed to marginal profit (MP). Using WTP as the determining factor allowed increased operational hours and lower LCOM. However, in all of the scenarios investigated, none were profitable; meaning that market conditions still need to greatly improve before PtG can gain momentum. A sensitivity analysis was done on the standard case scenario to see which parameters influence profitability the most and should be the focus of further research and development. The SNG tariff was found to be the most influential on NPV, requiring a tariff of at least 188 e=MWh (120 e=MWh was used for modeling) to be profitable. Electricity price was the second most inuential and required an average market price of 25 e=MWh to be profitable. As PtG technologies can provide several external benefits that are not economically realized by investors, monetization of them could provide a means of improving profitability. This includes, grid balancing and exibility, decarbonization, lower grid costs and improved energy security. Inconclusion, capital costs of equipment, electricity prices and fees associated to them, and tariffs for green gases all need to improve dramatically for SNG production tobe an attractive solution for electricity curtailment and decarbonization.

Background Genome editing of monocot plants can be accomplished by using the components of the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated Cas9) technology specifically optimized for these types of plants. Here, we present the development of RNA-guided Cas9 system for simplex and multiplex genome editing in barley. Results We developed a set of customizable RNA-guided Cas9 binary vectors and sgRNA modules for simplex and multiplex editing in barley. To facilitate the design of RNA-guided Cas9 constructs, the pBract derived binary vectors were adapted to Gateway cloning and only one restriction enzyme was required for construction of the sgRNA. We designed a synthetic, codon optimized Cas9 gene containing the N terminal SV40 nuclear localization signal and the UBQ10 Arabidopsis 1st intron. Two different sgRNAs were constructed for simplex editing and one polycistronic tRNA-gRNA construct (PTG) for multiplex editing using an endogenous tRNA processing system. The RNA-guided Cas9 constructs were validated in transgenic barley plants produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The highest mutation rate was observed in simplex editing of the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase HvCKX1 gene, where mutations at the hvckx1 locus were detected in 88% of the screened T0 plants. We also proved the efficacy of the PTG construct in the multiplex editing of two CKX genes by obtaining 9 plants (21% of all edited plants) with mutations induced in both HvCKX1 and HvCKX3. Analysis of the T1 lines revealed that mutations in the HvCKX1 gene were transmitted to the next generation of plants. Among 220 screened T1 plants we identified 85 heterozygous and 28 homozygous mutants, most of them bearing frameshift mutations in the HvCKX1 gene. We also observed independent segregation of mutations and the Cas9-sgRNA T-DNA insert in several T1 plants. Moreover, the knockout mutations of the Nud gene generated phenotype mutants with naked grains, and the phenotypic changes were identifiable in T0 plants. Conclusions We demonstrated the effectiveness of an optimized RNA-guided Cas9 system that can be used for generating homozygous knockout mutants in the progeny of transgenic barely plants. This is also the first report of successful multiplex editing in barley using a tRNA processing system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13007-018-0382-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The ever-evolving and ultimately complexification of computer architectures enforce scientific developpers to maintain both their software and technical knowledge in order to pertain their ability to fully exploit recent high performance computing platforms. Moreover the birth of heterogeneous plateforms and the large increase in core number per processor lead developpers of software parallelized through distributed paralleslim to see a small but consistent decrease of performance on recent plateforms. For cs, the transission from a full MPI code to a MPI+OpenMP code is not fully satisfying and cannot adress the scalability issue that alack of load balancing causes. This load balancing issue is a complex problemto solve for a code such as cs where partitionning is a NP problem and mustdata being indexed due to the unstructured nature of the meshes used. To solvethis kind of issue and many others (such as portability and heterogeneity), the use of a task based runtime recently won popularity through three different ways: loop parallelism, sequential submission of task(STF) or parameterized task graph (PTG). This thesis is focused on the transition effort of cs, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code with unstructured meshes (sparse linear algebra) from a mostly distributed parallelism to the integration of a task based runtime. In order to do this,we investigated the STF and PTG paradigms through the use of StarPU and PaRSECin cs. We demonstrate their advantages over a solution such that MPI + OpenMP as well ascompare their use in terms of complexity and performance with the existing solutions in cs. This thesis was made through the collaboration between the MFEE department of EDF R&D and the Tadaam research team, grouping Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, the LaBRI,University of Bordeaux 1 and Bordeaux INP., L'évolution constante ainsi que la complexification qui s'en suit des architectures matérielles oblige les personnes développant des codes de simulations scientifiques à une mise à jour perpétuelle de leur logiciel et de leurs connaissances afin de maintenir une bonne exploitation des performances de ces plateformes de calcul. L'hétérogénéité récente de ces plateformes et la multiplication du nombres de coeurs par machine posent notamment une nouvelle problématique aux logiciels largement parallélisés via l'utilisation de la bibliothèque d'échange de message MPI, qui se voient perdre en performance au fur et à mesure de l'augmentation du parallélisme local à exploiter. Pour cs,la transition vers l'exploitation d'un parallélisme hybride via l'association de MPI avec Open MP (en parallélisme de boucles) peine à s'imposer et ne résout pas les soucis de passage à l'échelle causé par un manque d'équilibrage de charge. Pour répondre à ce problème (ainsi que ceux de la portabilité d'un code et sa capacité à exploiter les plateformes hétérogènes),l'utilisation de la programmation par tâches a récemment gagné en popularité à travers trois méthodes: parallélisme par boucle, tâches soumises de manière séquentielle (STF, flux de tâche séquentiel) ou paramétrique (PTG: graphe de tâches paramétré). Cette thèse se concentre sur l'effort de transition de cs, un code de simulation en mécanique des fluides sur maillages non structurés (algèbre linéaire creuse) vers l'utilisation d'un support exécutif à base de tâches. Pour se faire, une évaluation des deux derniers paradigmes est proposée via l'utilisation des supports Star PU et PaRSEC. Nous établissons leur intérêt pour l'évolution d'un code tel que cs comparé à l'utilisation de MPI+Open MP et nous les comparons sur des questions de complexité et de performance avec l'existant dans cs. Cette thèse est une collaboration entre le département MFEE de EDF R&D et l'équipe Tadaam qui met en commun Inria Bordeax Sud-Ouest, le LaBRI, l'Université de Bordeaux 1 et Bordeaux INP.

Utilising the expressive methodology of creative writing, 'shellshocked' explores the intergenerational impact, the multiple perspectives, polyphony and diverse presentations of those suffering post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The disabling symptoms of PTSD result from bearing witness to death, torture, or human suffering due to disasters, both natural and human-made. It is estimated over 266 million people suffer PTSD globally (World Health Organisation 2013), with recent scientific research revealing the impact of trauma affects the structure of our DNA, creating biophysical changes in the progeny of those exposed (Yehuda et al. 2014; Pembrey, Saffery & Bygren 2014; Wolynn 2016). Written in a minimalist literary style, shellshocked is designed to replicate the paralysing shock and bio-psychosocial fragmentation experienced by those suffering with PTSD. The artefact is presented as a multimodal explosion of petit récits, vignette, poetry and short story to demonstrate the multiple realities, perspectives, landscapes, narratives and incongruous experiences that manifest within the debilitating symptoms of PTSD. Interwoven throughout the artefact is the motif of recipe, implanted to impose the silenced presence of women, and create a mnemonic connection to the usual domain of PTSD-within the home. War-time newspaper articles and ephemera further extend the counter-narrative to inject the sensation of cognitive dissonance into the reader, such as is experienced by PTSD sufferers; also to depict a broader reflection on how society views 'others' suffering, the personal isolation of mental illnesses, and the agency of media. The intentional inclusion of silence, space and pausation throughout the manuscript represents the unspeakable, the mute, the state of verbal paralysis so often witnessed in those triggered by trauma (van der Kolk 1996; 2006). This unconventional exploration of the plethora of PTSD manifestations through creative writing, the author's lived experience, and her art, investigates the expressive methodology's role in the facilitation of post-traumatic growth (PTG), as this research embraces a range of Method Writing and literary techniques to explore the intergenerational nature of trauma and perpetuation of family violence.

Debido a sus altos costes, el difícil acceso a componentes, así como la dificultad de los problemas de ingeniería que surgen en ella, no resulta viable dedicarse al campo de la Robótica sin atajarla aunando esfuerzos e inversión entre muchos profesionales de la investigación alrededor del mundo. El open source es fundamental más que nunca como filosofía para la transmisión de los últimos avances en cuanto a software robótico. ROS ofrece la plataforma principal, más conocida, con más paquetes y documentación y la posibilidad de contactar con profesionales. Uno de los problemas principales de la Robótica es el problema de la navegación hacia una meta. Existen multitud de estrategias para llevarla a cabo, pero en general, se sigue un enfoque divide y vencerás en el que cada subproblema del mismo se resuelve por separado. El presente TFG tiene como objetivo integrar una aplicación de navegación reactiva, esto es, sensorial, sin memoria, con el stack tecnológico de ROS dedicado a la navegación. Además, este trabajo pretende ofrecer una revisión bibliográfica de los algoritmos de navegación reactiva más relevantes y una fase de experimentación con unos resultados. Finalmente, el planteamiento de cómo extender el motor reactivo para soportar 3 dimensiones estructuradas en bloques.

In the era where climate change matters the life of billions of people around the globe, greenhouse gas and CO2 emissions exceptional rates increasing in the recent years are making this change going in the wrong direction and escalating more critically, and this is manifested in many aspects of the human being life style like the recent storms invading the globe in most of the continents and the floods and the temperature raising etc.. To cope with this, the European Union urged all member states and the extension states to push further the integration of renewable energies which resulted in a gigantic electricity generation from renewable all over the continent, this introduced another challenge in efficiency to recover the surplus production especially from photovoltaic and wind. Power to Gas got introduced to boost the area of energy storage and optimizing better efficiency of existing renewable energy utilities, as well capturing CO2 in the methanation process for example. In this work of evaluating the power to gas deployment and implementation, an overview is given of the technology of power to gas itself along with introducing the economic variant within power to gas and its specificities. Later, an assessment is performed to the pilot researches and projects that have been deployed/done in most of the european countries leading in this technology, in a regional to national scale and distributed scale to emphasis on the wide portfolio and application that could be done with this technology. Afterwards, a demonstration of the executed projects is displayed along with the dashboard of the continent in this area. Finally, an overview is given on the trends and the future opportunities within this technology to open the perspective and project the business in the reality of the future technological context.

Power-to-gas technology plays a key role in the success of the energy transformation. This paper addresses issues related to the legal and technical regulations specifying the rules for adding hydrogen to the natural gas network. The main issue reviewed is the effects of the addition of hydrogen to natural gas on the durability of diaphragm gas meters. The possibility of adding hydrogen to the gas network requires confirmation of whether, within the expected hydrogen concentrations, long-term operation of gas meters will be ensured without compromising their metrological properties and operational safety. Methods for testing the durability of gas meters applied at test benches and sample results of durability tests of gas meters are presented. Based on these results, a metrological and statistical analysis was carried out to establish whether the addition of hydrogen affects the durability of gas meters over time. The most important conclusion resulting from the conducted study indicates that, for the tested gas meter specimens, there was no significant metrological difference between the obtained changes of errors of indications after testing the durability of gas meters with varying hydrogen content (from 0% to 15%).

Introduction : la prothèse totale de genou (PTG) est une procédure chirurgicale de routine, tout comme la prothèse totale de hanche. Cependant les résultats ne sont pas aussi univoques. Les douleurs résiduelles expliquent en parti ces résultats et peuvent être la conséquence de conflits entre les implants et les parties molles péri articulaires.Hypothèse : l’utilisation d’un implant tibial asymétrique, permettant d’optimiser l’encombrement prothétique et d’améliorer son positionnement en rotation, améliore les résultats fonctionnels et la qualité de vie à au moins 1 an postopératoire.Matériel et méthodes : les patients opérés d’une PTG postéro-stabilisée étaient inclus, prospectivement de manière continue. Nous avons utilisé 2 prothèses appartenant au même industriel, différant par le dessin du plateau tibial permettant de former 2 groupes : standard et asymétrique. Une évaluation clinique par les scores New IKS, KOOS et EQ-5D, ainsi qu’une évaluation radiologique était réalisée en pré et post opératoire à partir d’un bilan radiographique standard.Résultats : 35 patients ont été inclus dans le groupe standard contre 37 dans le groupe asymétrique. Après appariement sur les caractéristiques démographiques, nous avons obtenu 2 groupes de 30 patients comparables. Au recul moyen de 13 mois, l’ensemble des scores fonctionnels postopératoires s’est amélioré dans les 2 groupes avec des différences significatives en faveur du groupe asymétrique. La flexion postopératoireétait significativement plus importante de 9° en moyenne dans le groupe asymétrique (129,8° ± 8,5° contre 121° ± 8,5°, p=0,0002). Il existait un gain fonctionnel plus important dans le groupe asymétrique sur le score New IKS (34,7 ± 19 pts contre 22,3 ± 25 pts, p=0,035), et sur l’ensemble des items du score KOOS (excepté la qualité de vie) notamment les symptômes (37,9 ± 19,8 pts contre 22,4 ± 22,3 pts, p=0,006), la douleur (42,8 ± 22,1 pts contre 29,4 ± 23,6 pts, p=0,028) et la fonction (39,7 ± 24,4pts contre 27,4 ± 20,2 pts, p=0,039). L’analyse radiologique mettait en évidence une prévalence des débords latéraux significatifs (>3mm) plus importante dans le groupe standard (4 (13,3%) contre 0 (0%), p=0,04.Discussion : l’utilisation d’un implant tibial asymétrique était associée à une meilleure flexion et un meilleur gain fonctionnel postopératoire à 1 an sans diminuer le risque de débord médial symptomatique. L’effet multifactoriel du concept prothétique ne nous permettait pas d’isoler l’influence du plateau tibial sur ces résultats.

The aftermath of war-related trauma may entail psychological devastation and is typically accompanied by various deleterious phenomena. These include, but are not limited to, high rates of loneliness. However, trauma may also result in positive outcomes such as personal, spiritual, and relational prosperity, which are typically considered under the conceptual framework of post-traumatic growth (PTG). PTG may theoretically contribute to either loneliness amelioration (e.g., via increasing one's appreciation of close relationships) or exacerbation (e.g., by increasing one's sense of undergoing experiences that others do not share). Loneliness, on the other hand, may potentially hinder PTG by fostering negative social cognitions and behaviors, or otherwise lead to personal growth. The relations between the two phenomena, however, have yet to be investigated. Filling this gap, the current study examined the aforementioned potentialities by utilizing an autoregressive cross-lagged modeling strategy (ARCL) with a cohort of 260 Israeli combat veterans assessed 30, 35, and 42 years after their participation in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Results indicated that higher rates of PTG were consistently related to higher rates of loneliness both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Loneliness, however, did not longitudinally predict PTG rates. It is suggested that these findings may be understood in light of the observation that veterans' loneliness is primarily related to the experience of being experientially out of sync with people who have not endured war experiences. It is suggested that this experiential loneliness may include not only the negative but also the positive ramifications of undergoing such traumas (i.e., PTG). We, therefore, argue that while PTG may include authentic positive transformations it may also lead to more negative ramifications, and these should be identified and addressed by researchers and clinicians alike. Thus, as study limitations are acknowledged, clinical implications, and future research directions are suggested.

Purpose Few studies have captured the unique ways in which cancer affects the growth and development of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors. This paper illustrates the daily life of childhood cancer survivors who are now adolescents and young adults, their post-traumatic growth and follow-up perceptions, adopting a narrative approach. Methods One thousand adolescent and young adult cancer survivors, mean age at diagnosis being 9.26 years old (SD = 4.29) and current mean age of 19.28 (SD = 2.96), were interviewed in depth using a new version of Ecocultural Family Interview–Cancer (EFI-C), which has proved to be a psychometrically reliable instrument. Results Post-traumatic growth was predicted directly by age at diagnosis and, indirectly, by the mediation of the health medical staff–patient relationship during the illness, hospitalization memories, and patient's narrating skills. Positive feelings towards follow-up visits were predicted by the health staff–patient relationship during the illness (Chi-Square = 2.87; df = 3, p-value = 0.41; RMSEA = 0.0001). Conclusion Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors who were older and had established strong relationships with health professionals at the clinic were more able to narrate their experiences, display a positive comprehension of the events with a pragmatic acceptance of the follow-up procedures. Relationships with health professionals should therefore be monitored and improved, both during the cancer treatment and in the off-therapy period. The narrative technique allows adolescent and young adult cancer survivors to reorganize and give shape to their traumatic experience.

Background Social media and Internet technologies present several emerging and ill-explored issues for a modern healthcare workforce. One issue is patient-targeted Googling (PTG), which involves a healthcare professional using a social networking site (SNS) or publicly available search engine to find patient information online. The study’s aim was to address a deficit in data and knowledge regarding PTG, and to investigate medical student use of SNSs due to a close association with PTG. Method The authors surveyed final year medical students at the Otago Medical School, University of Otago in January 2016. A subset completed focus groups that were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes relating to students’ attitudes towards PTG, and reasons why they might engage in PTG. Results Fifty-four students completed the survey (response rate = 65.1%), which showed that PTG was uncommon (n = 9, 16.7%). Attitudes were varied and context dependent. Most participants saw problems with PTG and favoured more explicit guidance on the issue (n = 29, 53.7%). SNS usage was high (n = 51, 94.4%); participants were concerned by the content of their SNS profiles and who they were connecting with online. Participants showing high SNS use were 1.83 times more likely to have conducted PTG than lower use groups. Conclusions The diverse attitudes uncovered in this study indicated that teaching or guidelines could be useful to healthcare professionals considering PTG. Though ethically problematic, PTG may be important to patient care and safety. The decision to conduct PTG should be made with consideration of ethical principles and the intended use of the information.

Diese Arbeit untersucht das Potenzial der Kleinst-Blockheizkraftwerke und zeigt: Durch einen Austausch von nur 25 % aller bis zum Jahre 2050 zu renovierenden Gasheizanlagen gegen BHKW können 14,8 TWh elektrischer Energie bereit gestellt werden, was im Vergleich zum prognostizierten Gesamtspeicherbedarf für regeneratives CH4 von 40 TWh einen erheblichen Beitrag darstellt. Kleinst-BHKW fügen sich, anders als Großkraftwerke, mit nur minimalem Aufwand in die bestehende Infrastruktur ein und können auf diese Weise zur Rückverstromung regenerativen Methans eine wichtige und stark ausbaufähige Brückentechnologie darstellen, die zudem Kapazitäten des elektrischen Netzes schont, welche bei großen Leistungszuwächsen durch Elektromobiliät benötigt werden. This thesis examines the capability of mini-CHPs for electrical reconversion taking the following approach: Substitution of only 25 % of gas powered heating units during refurbishments up to 2050 is assumed. By this way a total annual amount of 14.8 TWh could be provided which represents a considerable quantity compared to an estimated total storage capacity of 40 TWh for renewable methane. Additionally, in contrast to great power plants these mini-CHPs can be integrated seamlessly into the existing infrastructure of gas and power supplies. Further considaration shows: Mini-CHPs provide a largely scalable intermediate technology that in addition saves resources of the electrical grid needed for the purpose of electric vehicles.

Pain is a significant problem in a patient who has undergone total knee arthroplasty (PTG), since it influences the quality of life and the rehabilitation and functional recovery of the patient. In our study, we compared due different treatments with opioid analgesics in patients operated of PTG, with the aim of determining any clinical and rehabilitation differences. 56 post-PTG rehabilitative inpatients were chosen and randomised into two groups of analgesic treatment with a fixed administration, OXN group (oxycodone/naloxone) and PC (paracetamol/codeine). We evaluated clinical, rehabilitation and psychic parameters. None of the patients had serious side effects. Patients of the OXN group showed significant better values of muscle weakness, edema, patella ballottement and quality of life than patients in the PC group, with fewer side effects. Based on the obtained data, analgesic therapy with oxycodone/naloxone with variable administration seemed more tolerable, efficient and favourable for the functional recovery of patients operated of PTG.

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