Search

Distinguishing profiles of trauma exposure among low-income adolescent females with depressive symptoms is important for understanding comorbidity, family relationships, and treatment. Specifically, child maltreatment is essential to examine in comparison to other traumas. Participants included 170 adolescent females (65.3% Black; 21.2% White; 13.5% other race; 14.1% Latina/x) with depressive symptoms and their primary caregiver from low-income families. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified three trauma classes. Probabilities of endorsing different subtypes of maltreatment (physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse), number of subtypes of maltreatment, and non-maltreatment traumas (accident, experiencing or witnessing physical assault, death or injury of loved one, medical trauma) varied among groups. Higher levels of family dysfunction and traumatic stress symptoms were reported in both classes with maltreatment exposure as compared to the class with only non-maltreatment trauma exposure. Findings have implications for family-focused interventions for maltreated adolescent females with depressive symptoms from low-income contexts.

Here, we preregister our hypotheses and analysis plan for a multinational study on financial scarcity and perceived control.

Objectives. To examine the impacts of a government-implemented cash plus program on violence experiences and perpetration among Tanzanian adolescents. Methods. We used data from a cluster randomized controlled trial (n = 130 communities) conducted in the Mbeya and Iringa regions of Tanzania to isolate impacts of the “plus” components of the cash plus intervention. The panel sample comprised 904 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years living in households receiving a government cash transfer. We estimated intent-to-treat impacts on violence experiences, violence perpetration, and pathways of impact. Results. The plus intervention reduced female participants’ experiences of sexual violence by 5 percentage points and male participants’ perpetration of physical violence by 6 percentage points. There were no intervention impacts on emotional violence, physical violence, or help seeking. Examining pathways, we found positive impacts on self-esteem and participation in livestock tending and, among female participants, a positive impact on sexual debut delays and a negative effect on school attendance. Conclusions. By addressing poverty and multidimensional vulnerability, integrated social protection can reduce violence. Public Health Implications. There is high potential for scale-up and sustainability, and this program reaches some of the most vulnerable and marginalized adolescents. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(12):2227–2238. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306509 )

Objectives To reduce the number of new HIV infections and improve HIV health care outcomes, the social conditions in which people live and work should be assessed. The objective of this study was to describe linkage to HIV medical care by selected demographic characteristics and social determinants of health (SDH) among US adults with HIV at the county level. Methods We used National HIV Surveillance System data from 42 US jurisdictions and data from the American Community Survey to describe differences in linkage to HIV medical care among adults aged ≥18 with HIV infection diagnosed in 2017. We categorized SDH variables into higher or lower levels of poverty (where Results Of 33 204 adults with HIV infection diagnosed in 2017, 78.4% were linked to HIV medical care ≤1 month after diagnosis. Overall, rates of linkage to care were significantly lower among men and women living in counties with higher versus lower poverty (PR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.97), with lower versus higher health insurance coverage (PR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92-0.94), and with lower versus higher education levels (PR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.98). Conclusions Increasing health insurance coverage and addressing economic and educational disparities would likely lead to better HIV care outcomes in these areas.

Background. A history of childhood abuse may affect people’s health and criminal justice system involvement. Understanding the prevalence of childhood abuse among individuals in prison is important to inform effective and appropriate correctional services. Objectives. To review and summarize data on the prevalence of childhood abuse among people experiencing imprisonment in Canada. Search Methods. We searched for studies in bibliographic indexes, reference lists, and gray literature, and we consulted experts. Selection Criteria. We included studies published since 1987 that reported data on prevalence of a history of abuse before the age of 18 years among people in Canadian prisons, including any abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. Data Collection and Analysis. Two authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts for eligibility and reviewed full texts for eligibility. Analyses included summary estimates and meta-regression with random effects. Main Results. The search identified 1429 records. We included 34 unique studies in our review and 29 nonoverlapping studies in our meta-analysis. The summary prevalence for any type of childhood abuse was 65.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 52.6, 77.7; range = 56.2% to 75.0%) among women; only one study reported the prevalence among men (35.5%). The summary prevalence of sexual abuse was 50.4% (95% CI = 33.5, 67.2; range = 9.9% to 77.3%) among women and 21.9% (95% CI = 15.7, 28.8; range = 8.3% to 55.6%) among men. The prevalence of neglect was 51.5% (95% CI = 43.1, 59.7; range = 45.5% to 65.1%) among women and 42.0% (95% CI = 12.7, 74.6; range = 6.8% to 99.0%) among men. The prevalence of physical abuse was 47.7% (95% CI = 41.3, 54.0; range = 16.3% to 83.0%), and the prevalence of emotional abuse was 51.5% (95% CI = 34.8, 67.9; range = 8.7% to 96.0%); we did not find differences according to gender. Prevalence estimates for all types of abuse showed high and unexplained variability across studies. Conclusions. Half of people in prisons in Canada experienced abuse in childhood. Public Health Implications. Prisons should incorporate trauma-informed approaches. Research is required to understand the association between a history of childhood abuse and criminal justice system involvement and to prevent childhood abuse and mitigate its adverse effects. Systematic Review Registration. PROSPERO CRD42017056192.

Since the emergence of Covid-19, the lives of informal workers have changed, and street vendors are no exception. This happened because government policies limited the space for people to move, impacting informal workers' income. There is a demand to survive amid declining income during the Covid-19 pandemic, requiring strategies so that informal workers can survive. This article explores the problems experienced by overseas street vendors during the Covid-19 Pandemic. It analyzes the survival strategies by conducting a case study of ethnic Madurese street vendors in Surabaya, Indonesia. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a knife of theoretical analysis survival mechanism of James C Scott. This research was conducted in 2021 in the city of Surabaya. Data collection was carried out utilizing observation and in-depth interviews. The results show that several survival strategies are used by overseas street vendors, especially ethnic Madurese as urban people, namely reducing employee salaries, spending management and making priority scales, doing side jobs, and relying on social relations.

La séparation est à l’origine d’une baisse de niveau de vie marquée pour les enfants, et d’une dégradation générale de leurs conditions de vie, en particulier quand ils vivent avec leur mère seule. Le risque d’entrée en pauvreté s’en trouve accru. Les taux de pauvreté des enfants l’année de la séparation sont bien plus élevés (29 %) que ceux des enfants vivant avec leurs deux parents (13 %). Cet écart reste marqué les années suivantes. Plus les enfants connaissent la séparation de leurs parents à des âges jeunes, plus le risque de pauvreté est important. Certains enfants, en résidence alternée, ne sont pauvres qu’avec un de leurs parents (plus souvent la mère), tandis que d’autres sont pauvres chez leurs deux parents.

BackgroundCumulative exposure to childhood adversity is associated with a variety of labour market outcomes in young adulthood. It remains largely unclear whether the type of adversity matters in this association. This prospective study examined the differences in exposure to 14 adverse experiences among groups of young adults aged 22 characterised by distinct labour market participation states and employment conditions.MethodsWe used data from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey, a Dutch prospective cohort study with 15 years of follow-up (N=1524). We included 14 adverse experiences (ages 0–16) across five domains: peer influences, loss or threat of loss, material deprivation, family dynamics and maltreatment. Labour market participation states and employment conditions were assessed at age 22. We used latent class analysis to derive labour market outcome groups, which we subsequently compared on exposure to adverse experiences using pairwise comparisons.ResultsInactive individuals (n=85, 5.6%), often neither in education (77.4%) nor employment (98.6%) and on benefits (94.4%), were more likely to be exposed to many distinct types of adverse experiences (eg, parental addiction, bullying victimisation) as compared with all other groups. Early workers (n=413, 27.1%), often on temporary contracts and low monthly incomes, were more likely to be exposed to parental divorce (22.7%) compared with students with side jobs (12.9%).ConclusionsDifferent adverse experiences are not equally associated with labour market outcomes. Researchers and stakeholders in policy and practice should be aware of the differences between adverse experiences in their importance for labour market outcomes in young adults.

This paper examines the roles of balconies in Henry James’s The Wings of the Dove (1902). Balconies are transitional spaces, both part of the indoor space of a room and part of the outdoors. For the character Kate, however, these seemingly open spaces in fact appear dark and confining; they serve to emphasize her imprisonment in both poverty and her social class. For the character, Milly the balcony is a grand and open space that invites her on adventures which she cannot take part in, being sickly and confined indoors, she cannot take part in. Balconies are also used to emphasize her high social status compared with that of Kate, and to evoke imagery of her as a “dove” ? something which Kate repeatedly likens her to. In this way, balconies express important aspects of the two characters and differences between them., 8

Objective: The association between a first, second, and third childbirth and in-work poverty in the short- and medium-term were assessed across age groups in the US and Germany. Background: Previous research on in-work poverty has concentrated on structural and ascriptive characteristics, while family processes - especially childbirths - received less attention. This gap was filled by adopting a processual life course approach. Method: Longitudinal data from the US and Germany were applied to between-within random effects models to estimate within-individual change in the probability of in-work poverty up to six years following a first, second, and third childbirth across age groups. Results: First, second, and third birth were associated with an immediate increase in the probability of in-work poverty (up to 10 and 5 percentage points in the US and in Germany, respectively). Among US adults aged 30 and younger probabilities increased in the medium term (from 9 to 15 percentage points for a first, 6 to 15 for a second, and 9 to 18 for a third birth), but remained unchanged for older adults in the US and all adults in Germany. Conclusion: There was no recovery in risk of in-work poverty in the medium-term following childbirth in the US and Germany. Increasing the labor market participation of adult household members via more and low-cost childcare options remains crucial. However, higher levels of income support and child benefits may be needed to avoid poverty.

本稿は、日本経済における過去30年余の中小企業数の傾向的減少、さらには経済成長の低迷への対応としての“起業”と“起業家活動（entrepreneurship）”に着目した考察である。その際、米国のそれらの研究・政策の状況を踏まえて、日本のそれらを検討すると、指摘しなければならない問題がある。一つは、起業形態には多様性があるにもかかわらず、それへの観点が不十分であり、専ら特定の起業形態に焦点が当てられていることである。もう一つは起業の基盤にある“貧困”について相応の関心や問題意識が欠如していることである。それらがために、現代日本における起業そのものの進展、中小企業のダイナミクスの回復、そして経済成長の推進は期待困難な状況にある。そのような中で、研究と政策の関心は起業意識の解明、起業事例の提示等に向けられているが、現にある起業諸形態へのポートフォリオ・パースペクティブの適用、それらと貧困との関連の究明が不可欠である。そして、より根本的には、起業に関わる諸論点の経済理論的深化とともに、戦後日本の産業・企業構造とその機能、とりわけ高度成長期のそれらの解明が必要である。, This paper is a consideration focusing on start-up and entrepreneurship as a response to the declining tendency of the number of SMEs and the sluggish economic growth over the past 30 years in the Japanese economy. At that time, if we examine the situation of research and policy on them in the United States and in Japan, there are problems that must be pointed out in the latter. One is that although there is diversity in entrepreneurial types, the perspective on them is insufficient and the focus is exclusively on a specific entrepreneurial type. The other is the lack of adequate interest and problem awareness of poverty which is the foundation of entrepreneurship. Therefore, the progress of entrepreneurship itself, the recovery of the dynamics of SMEs, and the promotion of economic growth in modern Japan are in a hopeless situation. In such situation, the focus of research and policy interest is on entrepreneurial consciousness and entrepreneurship cases, but it is essential to apply the portfolio perspective to existing types of start-ups and to investigate their relationship with poverty. More fundamentally, along with the deepening of economic theory on various issues related to entrepreneurship, it is necessary to clarify the structure and function of industry and enterprise in postwar Japan, especially during the high-growth period, 論説

This paper examines factors that affect the level of food security in the former Yugoslavia (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro and Macedonia). The data on the basis of which the research was carried out were collected from the national statistics and the database of the World Bank for the period 2006–2018, and as a statistical method, the multivariant analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. The results obtained indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between the gross domestic product per capita ($), growth of urban population, growth of rural population, percentage of undernourished population and poverty rate. Differences between countries in terms of these factors indicate the level of food security., U radu se ispituju čimbenici koji utječu na razinu sigurnosti hrane u bivšoj Jugoslaviji (Srbija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Hrvatska, Slovenija, Crna Gora i Makedonija). Podaci na temelju kojih je provedeno istraživanje prikupljeni su iz nacionalne statistike i baze podataka Svjetske banke za razdoblje od 2006. do 2018. godine, a kao statistička metoda upotrijebljena je multivarijantna analiza varijance (MANOVA). Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da postoji statistički značajna korelacija između bruto domaćega proizvoda po stanovniku ($), rasta urbanoga stanovništva, rasta ruralnoga stanovništva, postotka pothranjenoga stanovništva i stope siromaštva. Razlike među zemljama u pogledu ovih čimbenika upućuju na razinu sigurnosti hrane.

During 2021, nearly 150,000 unaccompanied children (UCs) were apprehended at the US-Mexican border. Most are leaving Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, motivated by poverty, climate change, and violence. UCs are most often apprehended by the Border Patrol and then transferred to the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), the Department of Health and Human Services. ORR is responsible for ensuring that the child is released to a parent or sponsor in the United States capable of providing an adequate home. Advocacy must not only address a complex system of legal and custodial care but also confront a troubled political environment.

We examine how children’s centres in a major city in England responded to food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic by helping to run ‘FOOD Clubs’ to support families. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with children’s centre staff, we analyse how clubs were organised, why people joined them, and the range of benefits parents derived from them. We extend the literature on food insecurity which focuses heavily on the rise of foodbanks. Our data also informs broader policy debates around supporting parents in poverty, effective early years provision and the challenges facing families experiencing food insecurity.

Economic resilience is certainly an important target in every country or region. One of the main concerns in the economy of a country is poverty. This study aims to explore data with panel data regression that was formed and find factors that affect poverty in Bengkulu province from 2017 to 2020. The secondary data utilized were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of the province of Bengkulu. The independent variables used are Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Human Development Index (HDI), Life Expectancy (LE), and Average Years of Schooling (AYS), while the dependent variable is the percentage of poverty in the form of per region. The best panel data model obtained is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) model with a cross-section. Based on the results obtained, the significant variable in this model is the GRDP variable. From the prediction results, the values ​​obtained from Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) respectively are 6.59% for MAPE, 5.48 for MSE, and 2.4 for RMSE indicating that panel data analysis is very very good in terms of predicting poverty in Bengkulu province, Perekonomian yang baik tentunya menjadi target yang penting dalam setiap negara ataupun wilayah. Salah satu yang menjadi sorotan utama dalam perekonomian suatu negara adalah kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi data dengan regresi data panel yang terbentuk serta menemukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di provinsi Bengkulu dari tahun 2017 hingga 2020. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) pronvinsi Bengkulu. Variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), Angka Harapan Hidup (AHH), dan Rataan Lama Sekolah (RLS), sementara variabel terikatnya adalah persentase kemiskinan dalam bentuk per wilayah. Diperoleh model data panel terbaik adalah model Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dengan adanya cross section. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperleh, variabel yang signifikan dalam model ini adalah variabel PDRB. Dari hasil prediksi, diperoleh nilai dari MAPE, MSE, dan RMSE secara berurutan adalah 6.59% untuk MAPE, 5.48 untuk MSE, dan 2.4 untuk RMSE menunjukan bahwa analisis data panel sudah sangat sangat baik dalam hal memprediksi kemiskinan di provinsi Bengkulu

Background and aimsDiagnosed and undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) remains a challenge in high-income countries. In addition, the presence of T2D can cause further disease burden because of its high susceptibility to complications. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence of socio-economic gradients in undiagnosed T2D and its complications in a large population cohort. We investigated this using the Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study (Lifelines).Methods and resultsWithin Lifelines, baseline data of 102 163 adults aged 30 and above were collected from 2007 to 2013. The associations of Socio-Economic Status (SES), indicated by monthly household income, with the prevalence of T2D status and the number of T2D complications were assessed using multinomial Poisson and linear regressions with adjustments for age and sex. The prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed T2D was, respectively, 3.0% and 3.0% in the low SES group compared to 1.1% and 1.8% in the high SES group. Individuals with lower SES were at higher risk of having undiagnosed T2D (relative risk ratio (rrr) [95% CI]: 1.63 [1.47–1.81] for low SES and 1.16 [1.05–1.29] for middle SES) and diagnosed T2D, compared with those with high SES. Lower SES was positively associated with the number of T2D complications (low SES vs. high SES (ref); B [95% CI]: 0.15 [0.13–0.16]).ConclusionComplementing the known socio-economic gradients in diagnosed T2D, we document socio-economic gradients in undiagnosed T2D and T2D complications in a single, large general representative population. Furthermore, individuals with low SES with diagnosed or undiagnosed T2D were more susceptible to T2D complications.

This paper estimates the local effects of a Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) program on income-based poverty rates in rural areas of Costa Rica between 2007–2009. Using household surveys and spatial geographic data, we are able to control for socioeconomic and geographic characteristics at the individual and census-tract level. Our results suggest that while payments did not affect poverty rates at the national level, poverty did increase in places where PES had the greatest effect on deforestation. This effect is stronger for uneducated males, who tend to work in agricultural activities. The trade-off between ecosystem services provision and poverty is not ubiquitous and, when present, could be addressed by targeting those groups that are most affected.

This chapter examines how we think about “economic actors” and the kind of behavior suitable for the “economic sphere.” First, the chapter shows that the neoclassical orthodoxy has produced several tendentious analyses regarding issues such as the relationship between humans and the rest of nature and the persistence of poverty. Second, it shows how the social and economic gender expectations that prevent many men from ‘physical contact and encounter’ with their children also add to a deficit of care in both the home and the workplace, which can ultimately be detrimental to the economy.[A] lack of physical contact and encounter, encouraged by the disintegration of our cities, can lead to a numbing of conscience and to tendentious analyses which neglect parts of reality…[A] true ecological approach must hear both the cry of the earth and the cry of the poor.Pope Francis, Encyclical on Climate Change and Inequality, 2015

Yoksulluk tarih boyunca tüm toplumların en önemli sosyal problemlerinden biri olmuş ve günümüzde de devam etmektedir. Yoksulluk hakkında yapılan çalışmalar göstermektedir ki yoksulluk çok boyutlu bir problemdir. Toplumsal olayların incelenmesinde ekonomik, sosyal, siyasal ve kültürel faktörlerin önemi büyüktür. Her toplumsal problem kendi şartları içinde ayrı bir anlam ve bakış açısı kazanır. Yoksulluğu farklı şekilde deneyimleyen her grup, içinde bulunduğu şartlara göre onu tanımlayacak ve algılayacaktır. Bu çalışmada da üniversite öğrencilerinin yoksulluğu kendi şartları içerisinde nasıl tanımladıkları anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen çalışmada araştırma deseni olarak fenomenoloji kullanılmıştır. Veriler Mart 2022 ile Nisan 2022 tarihleri arasında Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde bulunan bir üniversitenin kampüslerinde toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya 90 üniversite öğrencisi gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda üniversite öğrencilerinin yoksulluğu “Yoksulluğun Göstergesi”, “Temel İhtiyaçlar” ve “Yoksulluğun Kaynağı” olarak isimlendirdiğimiz üç kategorileri ile inşa ettiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin yoksulluğu sadece ekonomik açıdan değerlendirmedikleri anlaşılmıştır. Öğrencilerin yoksulluğu, ekonomik yoksulluğa ilave olarak sosyal ilişkiler, sosyal aktiviteler, ailenin toplumsal işlevleri, mutluluk, huzur, ulaşmak istedikleri hedefler ve hayalleri üzerinden de değerlendirdikleri sonucuna varılmıştır., Poverty has been one of the most important social problems throughout history, and it still is one of the most important social problems today. Studies on poverty show that poverty is a multidimensional problem. Economic, social, political, and cultural factors are of great importance in the study of social events. Each social problem gains a different meaning and perspective in its own circumstances. Each group that experiences poverty in a different way will define and perceive it differently depending on the circumstances. In this study, it has been tried to understand how university students define poverty in their own terms. Phenomenology was used as the research design in the study, which was carried out with the qualitative research method. The data were collected at the campuses of a Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit university between March 2022 and April 2022. 90 university students voluntarily participated in the study. As a result of the research, it has been seen that university students construct poverty with three categories that we call “Indicator of Poverty”, “Basic Needs” and “Source of Poverty”. In addition, it was understood in the study that university students did not evaluate poverty only from an economic point of view. It was concluded that in addition to economic poverty, students evaluated poverty in terms of social relations, social activities, social functions of the family, happiness, peace, goals and dreams they wanted to achieve.

The intensity and extent of climate change impacts differ significantly with the geographical and ecological structure of the landscape. This is especially evident in mountain ecosystems where topographic, climatic and biological gradients make them extremely vulnerable to global environmental changes . Designing strategies to mitigate and adapt to global climate change on such local landscapes requires a context-specific vulnerabilities that take into account their particular characteristics. Presently, there are two main challenges in assessing climate change vulnerability in mountain ecosystems: 1) The models that are used for vulnerability assessments at global scales are being used at local scales with broad variables from few sectors that do not capture the range of characteristics of mountain ecosystems 2) indigenous knowledge about climate change are not considered in these models, which makes the implementation of mitigation/adaptation measures less successful. In this study, we highlight these issues drawing from our data collected in India’s Lesser Himalayan region (Darjeeling). We used a mixed research approach that combines a vulnerability assessment model with a participatory knowledge approach. We based climate change vulnerability around the socio-ecological system of the mountain landscape. The results from the interactive process showed that Darjeeling region is experiencing higher climate change vulnerability than the results produced by the model at the subregional level. We highlight critical variables that influence the socio-ecological system and need to be taken into account when assessing vulnerability and future adaptation scenarios. The study offers a decision support process for policymakers to plan climate mitigation/adaptation measures and future sustainability pathways.

Aim: To examine how wedding customs have acquired unwritten rules over time and how much they have changed in the last hundred years.Methods: Semi-structured interviews with three respondents from Gornja Poljica (Split city hinterland) and a secondary analysis of sources with the aim of analyzing the course and customs of weddings over three generations in Gornja Poljica.Results: As in the past, there is a wedding procedure consisting of the gathering of wedding guests, the pick-up of the bride at her home, the wedding ceremony, the celebration, and the visit of the bride’s family to her new home. The new customs are a bachelorette party, a garter toss, a wedding cake and wearing a wedding dress all night. Of 28 customs from 100 years ago, nine (one-third) have disappeared, the wedding day has been changed from Monday to Saturday, the ceremony has been shortened from three days to one, the number of wedding guests has been increased, and the bachelorette party has been introduced.Conclusion: From the narratives, it appears that the wedding ceremony is primarily a personal event, one of the most important in the life of the bride and groom, especially for the woman, for whom it represents a permanent change in family and social status. Until the 1950s, women were more passive in the role of bride than they are today. Through the process of women’s emancipation, globalization and the possibility of free choice, the values and practice of marriage itself have changed.

Autor u doprinosu istovremeno predstavlja i promišlja o nekim moralnim naglascima u naučavanju pape Franje. U prvom dijelu doprinosa predstavlja i analizira moralne naglaske sadržane u njegovu nastupnom dokumentu, apostolskoj pobudnici Evangelii gaudium iz 2013. godine. U drugom dijelu autor ukratko predstavlja glavno nadahnuće moralnog naučavanja pape Franje, a to je božansko milosrđe, koje je istovremeno uzvišeno Božje svojstvo i sama srž Kristove evanđeoske poruke. Treći dio donosi autorova promišljanja o nekim aspektima obnove crkvenoga moralnog govora u porukama pape Franje te pozivu na dosljednost kršćanskoga svjedočenja, a na to se vezuje u četvrtom dijelu ovog doprinosa prikaz i analiza ključnih pojmova Franjine vizije Crkve kao Kristove zajednice koja u povijesti predstavlja sveti Božji narod na putu koji poznaje radosti i nade, ali također žalosti i tjeskobe. Budući da su neka moralna promišljanja i izjave pape Franje u nekim krugovima izazvali burne reakcije i žučljive rasprave, autor u posljednjem dijelu doprinosa ukratko predstavlja razloge i kontekst, a to je posinodalna apostolska pobudnica Amoris laetitia iz 2016. godine, s jasnom porukom, koja se proteže i na zaključak, da u tumačenju moralnoga naučavanja pape Franje treba njegovati ljubav i poštovanje, objektivnost i rasterećenost od predrasuda, a pritom nastojati zahvaćati dublje i cjelovitije u koncilsku viziju obnove moralne teologije u duhu evanđelja i cjelovitoga kršćanskog personalizma., In this contribution, the author simultaneously presents and reflects on some moral emphases in the teachings of Pope Francis. In the first part of the contribution, he presents and analyses the moral emphases contained in his inaugural document, the apostolic exhortation Evangelii Gaudium from 2013. In the second part, the author briefly presents the main inspiration of the moral teaching of Pope Francis, which is divine mercy, which is both a sublime attribute of God and the very core of Christ’s gospel message. The third part brings the author’s reflections on some aspects of the renewal of the church’s moral speech in the messages of Pope Francis and the call for the consistency of Christian testimony. This is connected in the fourth part of this contribution with the presentation and analysis of the key terms of Francis’ vision of the Church as Christ’s community, which in history represents God’s holy people on a path that knows joys and hopes, but also sorrows and anxieties. Since some moral reflections and statements of Pope Francis caused stormy reactions and heated discussions in some circles, the author briefly presents the reasons and context in the last part of the contribution, which is the post-synodal apostolic exhortation Amoris Laetitia from 2016. The author presents a clear message, which also extends to the conclusion, that in the interpretation of the moral teachings of Pope Francis, love and respect, objectivity and relief from prejudice should be cultivated, while at the same time one should strive to engage more deeply and comprehensively in the conciliar vision of the renewal of moral theology in the spirit of the Gospel and complete Christian personalism.

Im Beitrag wird ein Unterrichtsvorhaben entwickelt, das Klassismus als Diskriminierungskategorie am exemplarischen Beispiel der 2020 erschienenen sozialkritischen Biografie „Ein Mann seiner Klasse“ von Christian Baron sicht- und verstehbar werden lässt. Ausgehend von der Mikroebene der Protagonisten des Romans lassen sich Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Armut auf ihre Strukturen und Zusammenhänge hin untersuchen. So kann ab Ende der Sekundarstufe I ein Beitrag zur Sensibilisierung für soziale Ungleichheiten und deren Folgen geleistet werden.

The aim of this article is to analyse how neoliberal principles in education create a state of precariousness. The question that will guide the problematisation and the argumentation of the work is: What is the «status» of precariousness in the current order and how does it manifest itself - expressly or inadvertently - in the contemporary educational field? In order to address this question, a theoretical-analytical exercise has been carried out based on a review of relevant literature on the relationship between neoliberalisation and education. As a central hypothesis, we propose that the processes of precarisation constitute an objective necessity for the expansion and reproduction of the new neoliberal order. In addition, this order requires the production of a specific type of subjectivity that normalizes «precariousness» as a new historical condition, producing a particular notion of subjectivity and agency. The intersection between objective needs and the production of a particular subjectivity is produced in the cultural space through «pedagogies of precariousness». The installation of such pedagogies in formal education systems will be verified through the analysis of three predominant figures: the entrepreneur, the apprentice of competences and the teacher as technician. Finally, it is analysed how a «pedagogy of possibilities» could be opposed to «pedagogies of precariousness», enabling other forms of educational relations and new political-pedagogical horizons.

El presente artículo analiza el estado actual de la psicología del desarrollo en Colombia. El punto de partida es la producción académica más significativa de los grupos de investigación, registrada en el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Colombia (Scienti) en las últimas tres décadas. La revisión documental se organizó a partir de las principales áreas de trabajo identificadas: desarrollo en contextos de pobreza, desarrollo cognitivo, relaciones vinculares, desarrollo afectivo y emocional, desarrollo moral, psicología cultural del desarrollo y desarrollos atípicos. Se identificaron 44 grupos de investigación que aportan al campo de la psicología del desarrollo desde diferentes ámbitos teóricos, conceptuales y metodológicos. Cada uno de estos grupos brinda sus aportes desde diferentes regiones del país y en distintos segmentos de la población, en los que se destaca una preocupación por poblaciones en contextos de pobreza y violencia, respondiendo así a la situación del país. Algunos de esos estudios han contribuido a la identificación de factores protectores en poblaciones vulnerables y al fortalecimiento de bases seguras en familias, así como en la formulación de políticas públicas a favor de la niñez colombiana. This paper analyzes the current state of developmental psychology in Colombia. The starting point is the most significant academic production of research groups, registered in the National System of Science and Technology of Colombia in the last three decades. The documentary review was organized according to the main areas of work identified: development in contexts of poverty, cognitive development, bonding relationships, affective and emotional development, moral development, cultural psychology of development and atypical developments. Forty-four research groups have been identified that contribute to the field of developmental psychology from different theoretical, conceptual, and methodological fields. Each of these groups provides their contributions from different regions of the country and in different segments of the population, in which a concern for populations in contexts of poverty and violence stands out, thus responding to the situation of the country. Some of these studies have contributed to the identification of protective factors in vulnerable populations and to the strengthening of safe bases in families, as well as to the formulation of public policies in favor of Colombian children.

The past decade of austerity in the UK has accelerated changes in the relationship between citizens and the state. Cuts to welfare spending have resulted in uneven geographical impact, further distorting the UK society and economy. Analysing specific policies within the new patterns of welfare spending, we argue that austerity policies have compromised the UK state’s promotion of an ethics of care. We distinguish between welfare changes which intensify long standing policy trends, and others, such as automation and digitalisation of the welfare system, which are qualitatively different to previous reforms. To offer an example of how this is playing out in place, we explore a detailed case study of the English coastal town of Great Yarmouth, which was an early pilot town for contemporary welfare reform in the UK. The case study situates welfare changes within the widespread and uneven austerity measures of the past decade, showing how public services of the local state are weakened despite increased need. We find that many non-profit organisations try to fill some of the gaps in the tattered social safety net. However, they too are dependent on state funding, and so austerity also depletes their capacity to care. In this sense, care is interdependent, multi-sited, and interlocking. Through this case study of a town with high claimant counts, we show how these changes in the redistributive state precipitated a crisis in care, and exacerbated poverty and territorial injustice in an already highly divided country. UK austerity has drastically altered the role of the state, leaving many people more susceptible to other crises.

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41991230), the Joint CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) & MPG (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft) Research Project (HZXM20225001MI), and the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (121311KYSB20170004).

International audience; Using an approach that embodies an explicit tradeoff between need and governance considerations, we propose an optimal aid allocation formula. We first assume exogenous, then endogenous governance. In the former case, a central concept is need-adjusted aid effectiveness while in the second case the donor has policing instruments under the form of monitoring and sanctioning capacities. We show that external disciplining has two advantages when the donor is sensitive enough to poverty intensity: (1) to cater to poor countries to a greater extent than is possible when local governance cannot be influenced by external forces, and (2) to respond (non-perversely) to improvements in the local governance of a country by raising its aid share. In institutionally weak countries, populations should welcome wisely applied donor's discipline as a way not only to get access to financial support but also to constrain their elites to refrain from abusing their position excessively. Imposing discipline when the release of externally-provided development funds is at stake seems more acceptable than aid directed to the explicit purpose of combatting corruption.

Low- and middle-income countries account for over 90% of burns worldwide. Though mission trips, public health interventions and educational strategies have been introduced in recent years, a disparity remains in treatment provided between high- and low -income countries. This analysis aims to review available literature pertaining to strategies for training in burns management, with a focus on those applicable to low-income countries.Mesh terms including "burns", "burns care", "burns management", "training", "teaching" and "education" were inputted into Medline and EMBase. Studies were included on the basis that they include an educational intervention to train doctors to provide surgical burns care in low-income countries. Included literature was analysed using scoring tools then a critical appraisal was performed.Fourteen studies were included in this analysis. These describe e-learning (n = 1), video-based teaching (n = 1), lecture-based teaching (n = 1), simulation training (n = 8) and hospital-based training achieved through collaborative efforts between high and low-income countries such as mission trips and fellowship programmes (n = 3). The strategies described have been summarised and presented.Burns care training should be accessible at a global scale and so, involve training methods including simulation, courses and fellowship programmes that are affordable and accessible to surgeons in low-income countries.

Background We use the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to explore how different dimensions of poverty more directly linked to young people are associated with depressive symptoms among South African youth. Methods Data came from the 2017 wave of the nationally-representative National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) in South Africa. We focused on a sample of 15-24-year-olds whose depressive symptoms were assessed using an adapted version of the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. We examine how individual dimensions and indicators of the MPI relate to depression, in comparison to more conventional measures, including household income, subjective social standing, overcrowding and personal assets. Cross-sectional analyses were adjusted for clustering to account for sampling design. Results The MPI index was not associated with probable depression (OR=1.02, 95%CI 0.81-1.29). Only lack of access to the labour market emerged as a key individual dimension associated with probable depression (OR=5.29, 95%CI 1.70-16.47), a relationship driven by an increased odds for those not in employment, education or training. Lack of household assets, living in an informal dwelling and lower perceived social standing were also associated with increased odds for depression. No gender differences were noted. Limitations The study is cross-sectional and not suitable to examine the causal nature of the association between multidimensional poverty and depression. Conclusions Poverty dimensions that measure youth’s access to employment or training have a strong association with depression. Further research is needed to assess whether improved access to employment or training contributes to improving mental health among young South Africans.

Associations between household social needs, acculturation, and emotional health remain understudied, particularly among Latinx mothers. We analyzed baseline survey data from 455 Latinx mothers in a previous study. Using multinomial regression, we examined whether emotional problems and perceived stress were associated with household social needs and acculturation. Almost half the sample reported four or more household social needs. Social needs cumulatively and independently predicted increased odds of frequent emotional problems or perceived stress. Lower acculturation predicted lower odds of frequent emotional problems. There is increased risk for emotional problems and stress in low-income Latinx mothers who experience high social need. Integrated social service and mental health care models may be one way to improve health outcomes. More research is needed to understand how clinical settings can leverage unique cultural protective factors to address the social and emotional health needs of Latinx mothers.

Objectives. To identify the association between Medicaid eligibility expansion and medical debt. Methods. We used difference-in-differences design to compare changes in medical debt for those gaining coverage through Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion with those in nonexpansion states. We matched individuals gaining Medicaid coverage because of Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion (n = 196 556) to credit report data on medical debt and compared them with randomly selected credit reports of those living in Southern nonexpansion state zip codes with high rates of uninsurance (n = 973 674). The study spanned July 2014 through July 2019. Results. One year after Louisiana Medicaid expansion, medical collections briefly rose before declining by 8.1 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.107, –0.055; P ≤ .001), or 13.5%, by the third postexpansion year. Balances also briefly rose before falling by 0.621 log points (95% CI = –0.817, –0.426; P ≤ .001), or 46.3%. Conclusions. Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion was associated with a reduction in the medical debt load for those gaining coverage. These results suggest that future Medicaid eligibility expansions may be associated with similar improvements in the financial well-being of enrollees.

This preliminary qualitative study aimed to explore affordable housing specialists' perceptions of challenges and patterns of advance care planning behaviors among low-income older residents in affordable housing. Advance care planning rates among such residents are disproportionally lower than higher-income older adults. Individual telephone interviews were conducted with affordable housing specialists in a major urban area in the Southeastern United States (N = 5). Using thematic content analysis, 2 independent coders synthesized the 2 coding sets into a single codebook that was iteratively and individually reapplied to the transcripts. The Ecological Model of Active Living, a model that embeds individual behavior within a physical and social environment, was used to categorize prominent codes to visualize relationships among codes and create a cohesive, ecological picture of planning behavior in this population. Four themes emerged from the data and were plotted in an adapted ecological model. Residents' ongoing struggles despite obtaining housing prevent self-initiation and maintenance of advance care planning. Housing specialists possess the expertise and empathy to guide change efforts and provide advance care planning, but aid is required to ensure adequate resources to prevent role conflict and burnout. Recommendations for interprofessional collaboration, practice, policy, and research are discussed.

Nigeria has formulated and implemented numerous national development plans with the aim of achieving long-term development. However, these plans have not adequately addressed the need for a comprehensive development strategy that takes into account the impact of diverse development plans and policies on global sustainable development goals. This research endeavour aimed to establish a framework for evaluating the interlinkages among various goals and targets, specifically focusing on the Water-Energy-Food Nexus within the context of Nigeria's development framework and policies. Employing content analysis as the chosen methodology, the study scrutinized the Nigerian Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) 2017-2020 and the National Policy on Food and Nutrition (NPFN) to identify possible synergies and trade-offs with respect to SDGs 1, 2, 6, and 7.This research contributes to the knowledge base by offering policymakers in various sectors a broader understanding of the connections between different national policies and the SDGs.

La question de la fracture numérique est récurrente dans la littérature concernant les technologies de l’information et de la communication et dans la littérature économique. Madagascar, la Grande Île de l’Océan Indien, fait partie de ces territoires avec un potentiel de développement indéniable mais qui ne parviennent pas à surpasser leurs difficultés économiques. Les TIC pourraient constituer une passerelle pour le développement du pays, à la condition qu’elles parviennent à jouer leur rôle de levier de développement. Nous nous interrogeons sur les éléments liés à la réduction de la fracture numérique à Madagascar et faisons le constat selon lequel les variables ayant un lien avec le degré d’utilisation des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication sont : le niveau d’éducation, la localisation géographique et le fait d’appartenir à un réseau religieux. The issue of the digital divide is recurrent in the literature on information and communication technologies and in the economic literature. Madagascar, the Big Island of the Indian Ocean, is one of those territories with an undeniable development potential but which is unable to overcome its economic difficulties. ICTs could be a bridge for the country's development, but only if they manage to play their role as a lever for development. We examine the elements linked to the reduction of the digital divide in Madagascar and note that the variables linked to the degree of the use of new information and communication technologies are the level of education, geographical location and belonging to a religious network.

Purpose – this study investigates alternative a small-scale social business model that potentially generate sustainable income for households at the base of the pyramid. A comparison of two low-cost housings that have a different geographical condition and local characteristics is examined. Research methodology – this research adopted two-stage approach to address the research objective. A pairwise comparison was employed to evaluate alternatives based on selected criteria for decision-making. In the second stage, the proposed business model was assessed by taking into account investment, processing cost, and revenue. Findings – the findings of this research suggest suitable business model that combine profit orientation and facilitates social mission in urban settings. The business model offers attractive financial feasibility from the investor viewpoint and simultaneously engages low-income households to improve their prosperity level leaving the base of the pyramid (BOP) status. Research limitations – this paper is not involving division of responsibility between stakeholders in low-cost housing and BOP sector. This study also not discussed how social entrepreneurs play a role in the social business model. There is a need to further investigate how the impact of social entrepreneurs on this model and engage collaboration with interest parties to engage community development. Practical implications – the findings recommend strategies that can be used by policy-makers and other related stakeholders to scale-up the business model, empower more low-income households, and create new job opportunities for urban poor. The findings of this research also indicate social business model that enables households at the BOP to earn sustainable income and release their current poverty status. Originality/Value – the research is one of the few studies that explored alternatives to social business models available for urban poor by taking into account project feasibility. No previous research has been attempted to consider both pairwise comparison and life cycle cost approach in the development of social business models. This research can be found useful for those with similar issues not only in emerging economies but also in developed countries.

Resumo: A recente pandemia de COVID-19 levou muitos países a adotarem políticas emergenciais de transferência de renda como forma de conter a crise econômica e humanitária. Tais iniciativas foram desenvolvidas em um contexto de agudização das desigualdades de gênero, raça, etnia e classe em decorrência de medidas de isolamento físico e social. O artigo analisa, a partir de um estudo exploratório e da chamada avaliação baseada na teoria do programa, as premissas teóricas dos programas Bolsa Família (2003), Auxílio Emergencial (2020) e Auxílio Brasil (2021) e suas respectivas dinâmicas de implementação. Na medida em que os programas de transferência de renda ocupam lugar central na agenda pública contemporânea, conclui-se que a avaliação de limites e avanços, tanto em sua concepção teórica como em relação aos mecanismos disparados em cada contexto, contribui para revelar evidências sobre sua efetividade no enfrentamento das desigualdades duráveis e daquelas que surgem em cenários de emergência sanitária. Resumen: La reciente pandemia de COVID-19 llevó a muchos países a adoptar políticas de emergencia de transferencias monetarias como una forma de contener la crisis económica y humanitaria. Dichas iniciativas se desarrollaron en un contexto de profundización de las desigualdades de género, raciales, étnicas y de clase como resultado de las medidas de aislamiento físico y social. El artículo analiza, a partir de un estudio exploratorio y de la llamada evaluación basada en la teoría del programa, los supuestos teóricos de los programas Bolsa Familia (2003), Ayuda de Emergencia (2020) y Ayuda Brasil (2021), y sus respectivas dinámicas de implementación. Dado que los programas de transferencias monetarias ocupan un lugar central en la agenda pública contemporánea, se concluye que la valoración de los límites y avances, tanto en su concepción teórica como en relación con los mecanismos desencadenados en cada contexto, ayuda a revelar evidencias sobre su efectividad para enfrentar las desigualdades duraderas y las que surgen en escenarios de emergencia sanitaria. Abstract: The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led many countries to adopt emergency cash transfer policies as a way to contain the economic and humanitarian crisis. Such initiatives were developed in a context of exacerbated gender, race, ethnicity and class inequalities resulting from physical and social distancing measures. The article analyzes, by means of an exploratory study and the so-called theory-driven evaluation of the program, the theoretical premises of the Brazilian Income Transfer Program (2003), Brazilian Emergency Assistance (2020) and Brazil Assistance (2021) programs, and their corresponding implementation dynamics. As cash transfer programs are given centrality in the contemporary public agenda, the conclusion is that evaluating their limits and advances - as to theoretical conception and mechanisms triggered in each context - contributes to trace evidence about their effectiveness in addressing long-term inequalities and those inequalities that arise in health emergency contexts.

Resumo: No Brasil, houve expansão da cobertura de serviços odontológicos na atenção primária à saúde (APS), e a ênfase do trabalho dos profissionais mudou para incluir mais esforços na prevenção e no diagnóstico. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a influência da cobertura do Programa Bolsa Família no uso desses serviços. Esta pesquisa avaliou a associação entre cobertura municipal do Programa Bolsa Família e uso de serviços odontológicos. Este estudo ecológico, realizado com dados dos 5.570 municípios brasileiros, estimou, por meio de regressões logísticas, o impacto da variação de cobertura do Programa Bolsa Família, das Estratégias Saúde da Família (ESF) e das equipes de saúde bucal (EqSB) no número de procedimentos odontológicos restauradores, coletivos, preventivos e exodontias realizados via Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) entre os períodos 2007/2008 e 2010/2011. Os percentuais de municípios em que houve aumento das taxas de procedimentos preventivos, coletivos, restauradores e exodontias foram de 46%, 59,8%, 52,5% e 44,2%, respectivamente. No modelo ajustado, em municípios com maior cobertura do Bolsa Família houve menos chances de aumentar a ocorrência de procedimentos coletivos (OR = 0,91; IC95%: 0,79-1,04) e preventivos (OR = 0,92; IC95%: 0,80-1,05) e mais chances de elevar as taxas de procedimentos restauradores (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 0,97-1,28) e exodontias (OR = 1,10; IC95%: 0,95-1,27). A expansão na taxa de cobertura das EqSB esteve associada significativamente a uma chance maior de aumento do número de procedimentos preventivos, restauradores e exodontias. Conclui-se que a cobertura das EqSB foi a principal variável associada à ampliação da quantidade de procedimentos odontológicos realizados no serviço público. Abstract: In Brazil, there has been an expansion of the coverage of dental services in primary health care (PHC), and the focus of the services has changed to include more efforts in prevention and diagnosis. However, little is known about the influence of the coverage of the Brazilian Income Transfer program on the use of dental services. Our study evaluates the association between municipal coverage of the Brazilian Income Transfer Program and the use of dental services. This ecological study conducted with data from the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities estimates, via logistic regressions, the impact of the coverage of the Brazilian Income Transfer program, the Family Health Strategies (FHS), and the oral health teams on the number of restoration, colective, prevention, and dental extraction procedures performed by the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) between the periods 2007/2008 and 2010/2011. The percentage of municipalities that increased the rates of prevention, colective, restoration, and extraction procedures was 46%, 59.8%, 52.5%, and 44.2%, respectively. In the adjusted model, municipalities with increased coverage of Brazilian Income Transfer program were less likely to increase colective (OR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.79-1.04) and prevention (OR = 0.92; 95%CI: 0.80-1.05) procedures, and they were more likely to increase rates of restoration (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 0.97-1.28) and dental extraction (OR = 1,10; 95%CI: 0.95-1.27) procedures. The increase in the coverage rate of the oral health teams was significantly associated with a higher chance of an increase in prevention, restoration, and extraction procedures. We conclude that the coverage of oral health teams was the main variable associated with the increase in dental procedures performed in the public service. Resumen: En Brasil, hubo una expansión de la cobertura de servicios odontológicos en la atención primaria a la salud, y el énfasis del trabajo de los profesionales cambió para incluir más esfuerzos en la prevención y en el diagnóstico. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre la influencia de la cobertura del Programa Bolsa Familia en el uso de los servicios odontológicos. El presente estudio evaluó la asociación entre la cobertura municipal del Programa Bolsa Familia y uso de servicios odontológicos. Un estudio ecológico realizado con datos de los 5.570 municipios brasileños estimó, a través de regresiones logísticas; el impacto de la variación de cobertura del Programa Bolsa Familia, de las Estrategias de Salud de la Familia (ESF) y de los equipos de salud bucal (EqSB) en el número de procedimientos odontológicos restauradores, colectivos, preventivos y exodoncias realizados a través del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) entre los períodos 2007/2008 y 2010/2011. El porcentaje de municipios que aumentaron las tasas de procedimientos preventivos, colectivos, restauradores y exodoncias fue del 46 %, 59,8 %, 52,5 % y 44,2 %, respectivamente. En el modelo ajustado, los municipios con aumento de la cobertura de Programa Bolsa Familia tuvieron menos probabilidades de aumentar procedimientos colectivos (OR = 0,91; IC95%: 0,79-1,04), y preventivos (OR = 0,92; IC95%: 0,80-1,05), y más probabilidades de aumentar las tasas de procedimientos restauradores (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 0,97-1,28) y exodoncias (OR = 1,10; IC95%: 0,95-1,27). El aumento en la tasa de cobertura de EqSB se asoció significativamente con una mayor probabilidad de aumento en procedimientos preventivos, restauradores y exodoncias. Se concluye que la cobertura de las EqSB fue la principal variable asociada al aumento de los procedimientos odontológicos realizados en el servicio público.

Contemporary slavery, where workers are found living in conditions akin to slavery. In this regard, this study aimed to analyze data on rural workers who fit into this situation between the period from 1995 to 2022. This work consists of a literature review conducted through searches in the electronic databases of Web of Science, Scopus, and the Ministry of Labor and Employment Treatment and Analysis: SmartLAb, in May 2023. The results revealed that the majority of workers are young men aged up to 29, representing 46.74% of rescued workers, with low educational attainment. 34% reported having completed only up to the 5th year of primary school, 28% are illiterate, and 15% reported having completed between the 6th and 9th grades. Regarding social and ethnic groups, it was reported that 50% are of mixed race and 21% are white. As for the economic sectors that exploit these workers, 29% were found in situations of distress on cattle farms, followed by sugarcane mills with 12%. In terms of the workers' places of origin, the state of Maranhão had 9,153 rescued workers nationwide, followed by Minas Gerais with 4,736, Bahia with 4,454, Pará with 3,463, and Piauí with 2,721 rescued workers. The municipalities were: São Paulo-SP with 884 workers, Amambaí-MS with 495, Codó-MA with 467, Redenção-PA with 384, and Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ with 322 workers. From the data analysis, it is concluded that there is a need to enforce labor laws with greater oversight in order to prevent the infringement of constitutional principles and the international rules described in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Cet article présente les résultats d’analyse de discours autoreprésentatifs formulés par 105 personnes assistées sociales. Leurs discours sont discutés à la lumière des outils conceptuels et théoriques des études culturelles. Ils exposent des trames narratives alternatives à celles couramment utilisées dans les espaces publics et médiatiques pour nommer, définir et problématiser les expériences vécues par les personnes assistées sociales au Québec. Les résultats permettent d’identifier les motifs déclarés menant à l’assistance sociale, les difficultés vécues par les personnes assistées sociales, ainsi que les stratégies de nature économique qu’elles déploient au quotidien. Ils mettent également en lumière une capacité d’action autonome créative chez ces dernières ainsi que des rapports complexes à l’assistance sociale et à la pauvreté. Ces discours autoreprésentatifs de personnes assistées sociales sont contextualisés dans le cadre des programmes d’assistance sociale en vigueur au Québec et par des données quantitatives sur les profils des prestataires de ces programmes. This article presents the results of an analysis of self-representations formulated by 105 welfare recipients. These representations are discussed in light of conceptual and theoretical tools from the field of cultural studies. By doing so, alternative narratives to those commonly used in public and media discourse emerge to name, define, and problematize the experiences of welfare recipients in Quebec. The results identify the reasons leading to social assistance, the difficulties experienced by welfare recipients, as well as the economic strategies that they deploy on a daily basis. They also highlight the ability for creative autonomous action among welfare recipients and their complex relationships with social assistance and poverty. These self-representations of welfare recipients are contextualized within the framework of social assistance programs in effect in Quebec and by quantitative data on the profiles of recipients of these benefits.

As society considers it, it is scattered with distinct differences. If we highlight this issue, this gap is due to economic instability. Religion never differs between the rich and the poor, but the people who follow the religion will do, so as the fundamental thoughts, religion itself guides on the matter of removing the imbalance in religion in particular and society at large, for which we can find the taxing system in India. At the same time, Islam also proposes the idea of zakat to remove the gap between those who have and those who do not. To examine the idea of which the study was conducted by considering the Karnataka Zakat Trust of Mangaluru City of Karnataka state, as it is a donation that people are making out of their wealth. The information was gathered using a structured interview method, and for the remaining randomly selected 75 samples mail questionnaire was distributed, out of which 62 respondents responded to the study, so the total respondents of the study were 87 beneficiaries of Mangaluru City. This study shows that in the potential and globally recognized Mangaluru City, zakat is working effectively through Karnataka Zakat and Charitable Trust. Here, it is also proposed to claim the rebate for the relief of Islamic followers to make a difference in the country’s policy.

This study about former Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) would likely focus on the challenges and experiences that they face upon returning to the Philippines after working abroad. Many OFWs leave the country in search of better job opportunities and higher wages, but their time abroad is often marked by separation from their families and adjustment to new cultures. They may also struggle with feelings of isolation and depression, as well as financial challenges. Despite these challenges, many former OFWs are being resilient and resourceful, using their experiences abroad and small savings to build small businesses and also receives support from the government of their home country. This study generated four themes namely: 1. For the Future, 2. Challenges, 3. Motivation, and 4. Coping Strategies.

The economic situation in Ecuador, the high poverty rates and the severe inequalities among particularly vulnerable groups have led to concerted power policies between governments to solve the emerging instability among populations, for this, in May 2007 the National Government created the Associative Human Development Credit program (CDH-A), which, in practice, is an advance of up to two years of social programs, however, the effectiveness is not total; therefore, the objective of the study is: To evaluate by means of an algorithmic model the aspects that contribute to the financial sustainability of the beneficiaries of the Associative Human Development Credit in the province of Tungurahua. For this purpose, the fsQCA algorithm is used. The results show that considering that the disbursement helped to generate economic gains, having full knowledge about the value of the product or service, perceiving an increase in the quality of personal and family life, and that the enterprise generates sources of employment contribute to financial sustainability., La situación económica del Ecuador, los altos índices de pobreza y las severas desigualdades entre grupos particularmente vulnerables han llevado a políticas de poder concertadas entre los gobiernos para solventar la inestabilidad emergente entre las poblaciones, para esto, en mayo del año 2007 el Gobierno Nacional crea el programa de Crédito de Desarrollo Humano Asociativo (CDH-A), el cual, en la práctica, es un adelanto de hasta dos años de programas sociales, sin embargo, la eficacia no es total; por lo mencionado, el objetivo de estudio es: evaluar mediante modelo algorítmico los aspectos que contribuyen a la sostenibilidad financiera de los beneficiarios del Crédito de Desarrollo Humano Asociativo de la provincia de Tungurahua. Para aquello, se usa el algoritmo fsQCA, los resultados confieren que, considerar que el desembolso ayudó a generar ganancias económicas, tener conocimiento total sobre el valor del producto o servicio, percibir un incremento de calidad de vida personal y en el núcleo familiar y que el emprendimiento genere fuentes de empleo contribuyen a la sostenibilidad financiera.

Resumo O beribéri é a manifestação clínica da deficiência grave e prolongada de tiamina (vitamina B1). Doença negligenciada que acomete a população de baixa renda, em situação de insegurança alimentar e nutricional. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar casos de beribéri em indígenas com casos em não indígenas no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal de casos notificados de beribéri no período de 2013 a 2018, no formulário do SUS (FormSUS) do Ministério da Saúde. Foram comparados os casos em indígenas e em não indígenas pelo teste qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher com nível de significância de p < 0,05. No período estudado foram notificados no país 414 casos de beribéri, sendo 210 (50,7%) indígenas. Referiram consumo de bebidas alcoólicas 58,1% dos indígenas e 71,6% dos não-indígenas (p = 0,004); adicionalmente, 71,0% dos indígenas consumiam caxiri (bebida alcoólica tradicional fermentada). Relataram fazer esforço físico diário 76,1% dos indígenas e 40,2% dos não-indígenas (p

This zip file contains the data and Stata v17 code necessary to replicate the tables and figures reported in the paper ""Higher food prices can reduce poverty and stimulate growth in food production” published in Nature Food. The zip file contains the Stata v17 do file entitled “headey_hirvonen_2023_Nature_Food_replication_code_final” as well as four folders: , which contains State v17 datafiles from which we run our analysis. , which contains the original figures from the article (to compare to replication analysis) , which contains the Stata v17 logfile output from running the Stata do file. , which contains the statistical tables output from the article (to compare to replication analysis) For any questions, please contact Kalle Hirvonen at k.hirvonen@cgiar.org