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トリデンテンはY字芳香族化合物におけるアヌレンに相当する物質として，筆者によって提案された． この解説では，ヒュッケルの4N+2則に相当するトリデンテンの魔法数に関する議論と，立体選択的な包摂作用を実現するイオン流体を構成することが期待できるタイフーントリデンテンとサイクロントリデンテンの議論を，既発表の論文に最新の情報を加え，改訂・再構成して紹介する。, As substances corresponding to annulenes in Y-aromatic compounds, tridentenes were proposed by the authors. In this description, by revision of existing papers, a discussion on the magic number of tridentenes, which corresponds to Hückel’s 4N+2 rule, and arguments regarding typhoon tridentene and cyclone tridentene, which are expected to have stereoselective inclusion forming ability, are presented.

Purpose: Conditions and thresholds applied for evidence weighting of within-codon concordance (PM5) for pathogenicity vary widely between laboratories and expert groups. Because of the sparseness of available clinical classifications, there is little evidence for variation in practice. Methods: We used as a truthset 7541 dichotomous functional classifications of BRCA1 and MSH2, spanning 311 codons of BRCA1 and 918 codons of MSH2, generated from large-scale functional assays that have been shown to correlate excellently with clinical classifications. We assessed PM5 at 5 stringencies with incorporation of 8 in silico tools. For each analysis, we quantified a positive likelihood ratio (pLR, true positive rate/false positive rate), the predictive value of PM5-lookup in ClinVar compared with the functional truthset. Results: pLR was 16.3 (10.6-24.9) for variants for which there was exactly 1 additional colocated deleterious variant on ClinVar, and the variant under examination was equally or more damaging when analyzed using BLOSUM62. pLR was 71.5 (37.8-135.3) for variants for which there were 2 or more colocated deleterious ClinVar variants, and the variant under examination was equally or more damaging than at least 1 colocated variant when analyzed using BLOSUM62. Conclusion: These analyses support the graded use of PM5, with potential to use it at higher evidence weighting where more stringent criteria are met.

Een groot deel van de massa van het fijnstof bestaat uit anorganisch aerosol (34% nitraat, sulfaat en ammonium). Daarnaast bestaat circa 2% uit organisch materiaal afkomstig van verbrandingsprocessen. Ruwe schattingen van de verkeersbijdrage voor deze twee fracties varieren tussen 30% en 60%. In het kader van het project 'Health effects of particles from motor engine exhaust and ambient pollution - HEPMEAP', een unieke Europese samenwerking tussen toxicologen en epidemiologen, is buitenlucht fijnstof verzameld op diverse locaties in Europa gedurende de periode november 2001 - maart 2003. In het HEPMEAP project zijn relaties tussen de samenstelling van fijnstof en toxische en andere gezondheidseffecten bestudeerd. De chemische samenstelling van twee fracties (0.1 - 2.5 um en 2.5 - 10 um) is bepaald met aandacht voor specifieke verkeersindicatoren. Behalve grote overeenkomsten in samenstelling van fijnstof op de verschillende locaties, zijn ook locatie-specifieke verschillen gevonden. Zo bleek op de locatie in Noord-Zweden relatief hoge concentraties organisch aerosol in fijnstof voor te komen, wat in een belangrijke mate afkomstig is van houtverbranding. De gegevens in dit rapport worden gebruikt om de resultaten van experimenteel toxicologisch onderzoek wat ook is uitgevoerd in het kader van dit project, nader te verklaren.

Nodals are signaling factors of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) superfamily with a key role in vertebrate development. They control a variety of cell fate decisions required for the establishment of the embryonic body plan. We have identified two highly conserved transmembrane proteins, Nicalin and Nomo (Nodal modulator, previously known as pM5), as novel antagonists of Nodal signaling. Nicalin is distantly related to Nicastrin, a component of the Alzheimer's disease‐associated γ‐secretase, and forms a complex with Nomo. Ectopic expression of both proteins in zebrafish embryos causes cyclopia, a phenotype that can arise from a defect in mesendoderm patterning mediated by the Nodal signaling pathway. Accordingly, downregulation of Nomo resulted in an increase in anterior axial mesendoderm and the development of an enlarged hatching gland. Inhibition of Nodal signaling by ectopic expression of Lefty was rescued by reducing Nomo levels. Furthermore, Nodal‐ as well as Activin‐induced signaling was inhibited by Nicalin and Nomo in a cell‐based reporter assay. Our data demonstrate that the Nicalin/Nomo complex antagonizes Nodal signaling during mesendodermal patterning in zebrafish.

WOS: 000233753000001, A comprehensive theoretical study for the protonation of some 3-substituted pyridines has been carried out in aqueous solution (epsilon = 78.4) by semi empirical AM1 method in MOPAC2000 and PM5 method in MOPAC2002. Solvent effect was accounted for implicitly by means of the conductor like screening model (COSMO). The acidity constants of these pyridine derivatives have been calculated. The tautomeric and/or conformational equilibria for these compounds, where available, were also taken into account to find out the mol fractions of the species in aqueous media. The results obtained from the calculations were compared with the available experimental values, and the results indicate a considerable agreement with available experimental data.