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Introduction et but de l’etude Cette etude evalue pour la premiere fois les associations entre les habitudes alimentaires et les symptomes lies a la production de gaz intestinaux dans un echantillon representatif de la population francaise adulte. Materiel et methodes Habitudes alimentaires : echantillon representatif de donnees de consommation d’adultes de 18 ans et plus (n = 936 ; carnet alimentaire electronique de 7 jours) de l’enquete « Comportements et consommation alimentaire en France » CCAF (2019), apres exclusion des sous-declarants. Symptomes digestifs : questionnaire valide de 17 items (IGQ : Intestinal Gas Questionnaire) sur la perception des symptomes lies aux gaz intestinaux et leur impact sur la qualite de vie (score total 0–100 ou 100 = impact maximal ; 6 dimensions : ballonnements, flatulences, eructations, mauvaise haleine, borborygmes, evacuation difficile des gaz). Qualite de la diete : score PANDiet (score 0–100 ; 100 = meilleure adhesion aux recommandations nutritionnelles). Statistiques : la methode K-means appliquee aux quantites consommees de 38 groupes alimentaires a permis de constituer des classes d’individus selon leurs profils alimentaires de maniere non supervisee. Les liens entre les profils alimentaires et les scores IGQ dans chaque classe ont ete evalues avec la statistique V-test. Resultats et analyse statistique Le score IGQ global (moyenne ± erreur standard) etait de 11,2 ± 0,3 et seulement 7 % des individus ont declare etre indemnes de tout symptome gastro-intestinal. Deux classes de consommateurs ont ete identifies. Dans le premier profil alimentaire caracterise par un apport eleve en glucides simples mais pauvre en fibres, une consommation faible d’aliments bruts et un score PANDiet plus faible (59,5 ± 0,3), le score IGQ global (13,6 ± 0,6) et les dimensions eructations (12,8 ± 0,8), mauvaise haleine (13,2 ± 0,8), borborygmes (14,4 ± 0,9) et ballonnement (14,6 ± 0,8) etaient significativement plus eleves que dans le reste de la cohorte (p Conclusion Cette etude montre une association entre le profil alimentaire et les symptomes lies aux gaz. Les individus ayant un profil alimentaire pauvre en aliments bruts et en fibres mais plus riche en glucides simples rapportent une frequence plus elevee des symptomes lies aux gaz et une qualite de vie plus impactee. Un changement des habitudes alimentaires vers des profils plus sains representerait une solution pour diminuer l’impact des symptomes digestifs sur la qualite de vie.

Deformation analysis based on multi-temporal Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) surveys has been applied for many years in commercial and academic problem domains. Downsides of this technique are the sequential data acquisition as well as its limited accuracy compared to terrestrial InSAR or InRAR based technologies that are currently gaining attention of the geodetic community. A drawback of these instruments is its relative operation method while beneficially measurements within the entire field of view can be carried out simultaneously at high frequencies. At first comparative studies between TLS and InRAR scanning are presented which have been carried out at a quarry. Over the course of roughly two hours six epochs have been measured where geometric changes of different degrees have been purposely made. In order to ensure comparability concerning the outcome, both instrument coordinate systems have been transformed into a common coordinate system by applying corner cube reflectors. At last an assisted ground based RADAR approach is presented where advantages of both applied techniques are incorporated.

Zusammenfassung An 440 Kuhen aus 29 Milchkontrollbetrieben Mittelhessens, in denen bestimmte Besamungsbullen eingesetzt worden waren, und von denen Tochter in Laktation standen, wurde der Einflus bestimmter qualitativer und quantitativer Euter- und Zitzenmerkmale, des Lebensalters und des Laktationsstadiums sowie der genetische Einflus auf Mastitisanfalligkeit, Sekretionsstorungen, Ausscheider von Mastitiserregern (gesunde Infektionstrager), Infektionsbereitschaft und Entzundungsbereitschaft unter Ausschlus von Betriebseinflussen mittels eines “Least Squares-Verfahrens” fur Eigenschaften mit Schwellenwert berechnet. Heritabilitatsschatzungen ergaben fur das Merkmal “Mastitisanfalligkeit” eine Heritabilitat von 0,127 und fur das Merkmal “Entzundungsbereitschaft” eine solche von 0,132. Der genetische Einflus auf die Merkmale Infektionsbereitshaft, Sekretionsstorung und Infektionstrager (Ausscheider) war unbedeutend. Infektionsbereitschaft, Mastitisanfalligkeit und Entzundungsbereitschaft allgemein erhohen sich mit Zunahme der Ordnungszahl der Laktationen. Die Erhohung der Mastitisanfalligkeit ist durch eine gesteigerte Infektionsbereitschaft und eine grosere Durchlassigkeit des Strichkanals fur pathogene Keime sowie durch eine im Lauf der Laktation verminderte Antikorpersynthese bedingt. Morphologische Eigenschaften des Euters und der Zitzen haben, soweit sie keine extreme Formabweichungen aufweisen, keinen Einflus auf die Infektionsbereitschaft. Die offenbar vom Bodenabstand, von der Zitzenlange und von der Zitzenwanddicke beeinfluste Variabilitat der Eutergesundheit ist angesichts der Zusammenhange der Auspragung dieser Merkmale mit der Laktationszahl auf das Lebensalter, bzw. auf altersbedingte Veranderungen, zuruckzufuhren. Summary Influence of various phenotypic and genetic characters of the cow udder on its predisposition to mastitis In 440 cows from 29 milk control herds in Middle Hesse where particular bulls were in use and where the daughters of the cows were in lactation, the influence of certain qualitative and quantitative characters of udder and teats, age and stage of lactation, as well as genetic factors, were examined in relation to occurrence of mastitis, abnormal secretion, excretion of mastitis organisms (healthy carrier), predisposition to infection and to inflammation, while excluding management factors, and using the least squares test to determine increase in predisposition. The character “mastitis susceptibility” had a heritability of 0.127, “susceptibility to inflammation” one of 0.132. The genetic influence on susceptibility to infection, altered secretion and carriers was insignificant. Susceptibility to infection, to mastitis and to inflammation generally increased with increasing numbers of lactations. The rise in mastitis susceptibility was associated with increased susceptibility to infection and greater permeability of the streak canal for pathogenic organisms, as well as reduced antibody synthesis in the course of lactation. Morphological characters of the udder and teats, provided there was no extreme abnormality, had no effect on susceptibility to infection. Variations in udder health which arreared to be affected by distance from the floor, teat length and teat wall thickness were in fact associated more with number of lactationa and with age or conditions associated with age. Resume Influence de differentes proprietes phenotypiques et genetiques de la mamelle du bovin sur sa predisposition aux mammites Chez 440 vaches dans 29 exploitations laitieres dans lesquelles on avait utilise certains taureaux d'insemination et dont des filles etaient en lactation, on a calcule au moyen d'un procede «Least Squares» l'influence des caracteres qualitatifs et quantitatifs de la mamelle et des trayons, de l'âge, du stade de lactation et de l'influence genetique sur une sensibilite a la mammite des troubles de la secretion, une excretion des germes de la mammite (porteurs sains), une predisposition a l'infection et a l'inflammation a l'excusion des influences de l'exploitation. Des evaluations d'heredite ont donne 0,127 pour une «sensibilite a la mammite» et 0,132 pur une «predisposition a l'inflammation». L'influence genetique pour la predisposition a l'infection, les troubles de la secretion et les porteurs (excreteurs) est insignifiante. La disposition a l'infection, a l'inflammation et la sensibilite a la mammite augmente avec le nombre des lactations. Cette augmentation est due a une sensibilite plus grande a l'infection, a une permeabilite plus forte du canal du trayon pour des germes pathogenes et a une synthese diminuee des anticorps au cours de la lactation. Les proprietes morphologiques de la mamelle et des trayons, pour autant que l'on n'ait pas de formes extremes, n'ont pas d'influence sur une predisposition a l'infection. La variation de la sante de la mamelle influencee de facon manifeste par la distance au sol, la longueur des trayons et l'epaisseur de la paroi des trayons est a attribuer dans son ensemble avec le nombre de lactation a l'âge et aux lesions dues a l'âge. Resumen El influjo de varias propiedades fenotipicas y geneticas de la ubre de vaca sobre su predisposicion a las mastitis Se calculo en 440 vacas de 29 explotaciones lecheras controladas de Hesse Central, en las cuales se habian empleado ciertos toros de inseminacion instrumental, y de los cuales se hallaban hijas en lactacion, el influjo de ciertas caracteristicas cuali y cuantitativas de las glandulas mamarias y de los pezones, de la edad y del estadio de lactacion, asi como el influjo genetico, sobre la propension a mastitis, trastornos en la secrecion, difusoras de agentes etiologicos de mamitis (portadoras sanas de infecciones), disposiciones a la infeccion e inflamacion excluyendo los influjos de empresa mediante un procedimiento de minimos cuadrados para propiedades con valor umbral. Los calculos de heredabilidad arrojaron para la caracteristica «propension a la mastitis» una heredabilidad de 0,127 y para la caracteristica «propension a la inflamacion» una semejante de 0,132. El influjo genetico era insignificante sobre las caracteristicas disposicion para infecciones, trastornos en la secrecion y portadora (difusora) de infecciones. La disposicion a infecciones, propension a la mamitis y disposicion a la inflamacion en general aumentan con el incremento del numero cardinal de lactaciones. El aumento de la propension a mastitis esta condicionado por una disposicion intensificada a las infecciones y una permeabilidad mayor del canal galactoforo para germenes patogenos, asi como por la sintesis reducida de anticuerpos en el curso de la lactacion. Las propiedades morfologicas de la glandula mamaria y de los pezones no ejercen — siempre y cuando no exhiban deformaciones extremas — ningun influjo sobre la disposicion de las infecciones. La variabilidad de la sanidad mamaria, que depende al parecer de la distancia al suelo, de la longitud de los pezones y del espesor de la pared de los pezones, se atribuye a la vista de los vinculos de la impresion de estas caracteristicas con el numero de lactaciones sobre la edad, resp. sobre modificaciones gerontologicas.

The aim of the study was to compare preoperative transrectal ultrasound findings with final histopathological stage after radical prostatectomy to determine the value of TRUS in preoperative staging of prostate cancer.The evaluation was performed as a retrospective study. In 114 radical prostatectomy specimens the histopathological, ultrasound and rectal digital findings were correlated. Mean age of patients was 63 years and in all patients a radical retropubic prostatectomy was performed.Organ confined PC was found correctly with TRUS in 68% and capsular penetration in 32%. Corresponding findings with digital rectal examination (DRE) were 68% and 17% respectively. Sensitivity of TRUS in organ confined PC (T1-2) was 66.1% (DRE 68.5%), specificity 32.6% (DRE 20%) and positive predictive value 55.7% (DRE 49.3%). Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of TRUS for stage T3 (a,b,c) were 32.6%, 68.4% and 45.5% respectively. A separate evaluation of stage T3c revealed for TRUS: sensitivity 41.2%, specificity 81.8% and positive predictive value 36.8%.On the basis of this retrospective analysis, and due to the low sensitivity and specificity, TRUS is not suitable for adequate preoperative staging of prostatic cancer.

Se describen tres casos de linfosarcoma en cerdos de planteles de crianza industrial, dos de los cuales tenían un peso vivo de 60 kg y el tercer caso correspondió a una hembra reproductora de 280 kg de peso vivo. Los animales no presentaban signos ni síntomas clínicos específicos atribuibles a la enfermedad. A la necropsia se observó: aumento de tamaño de los ganglios linfáticos, bazo, hígado y placas de Peyer; presencia de un puntillado o nodulaciones blancas de tamaño variable en hígado y riñón. Histopatológicamente estos tejidos tenían infiltraciones de células de origen linfoide, y de aspecto de linfosarcoma. Three cases of lymphosarcoma in industrially-bred pigs are described, in which two of the pigs had a live weight of 60 kg, and the third, a reproductive female, had a live weight of 280 kg. The animals did not present any signs, nor specific clinical symptoms attributable to the disease. During the necropsy, an enlargement in the size of the lymphatic nodes, spleen, liver, and Peyer’s Plate was observed, as was the presence of white spots or nodules of various sizes on the liver and kidney. The histopathology carried out on the tissue revealed the presence of cells of lymphoid origin, and of a histological aspect of lymphosarcoma.

In this paper, we try to understand the motivations and characteristics of people susceptible to be volunteers for the SU.VI.MAX study. The objective of this study will be to recruit and to follow during 8 years, a cohort of 15,000 subjects at a national level, for an intervention trial in the field of nutritional prevention. A short media campaign has been organised to recruit "1,000 volunteers to help to test and to validate tools specifically developed for the SU.VI.MAX study". In total, 15,789 subjects matching selection criteria answered to our invitation. All received a short questionnaire; 10,984 sent back correctly filled up questionnaires (70%) and 1005 were selected at random for a complete analysis. A lexical analysis of motivations disclosed 6 different groups organised in two poles. The pole of true altruists with a speech relative to notions such as "volunteers-benevolent" (7% of subjects), wishes to participate to a "humane task" (9% of subjects) or to progress of medical research (27% of subjects). The other pole corresponds to people interested personally by the theme of the project with 3 kinds of speech: personal past history (13% of subjects), interest for foods fortified with vitamins and/or minerals (19% of subjects) or for relationships between food consumption and health (22% of subjects).

Purpose To compare (1) fluid, food and nutrient intake obtained with a paper versus an online version of a 7-day food record and (2) user’s acceptability of both versions of the food record. Methods A cross-over study was carried out in 2010 in France. A total of 246 participants aged 18–60 years reported their food and fluid intake using both versions of the 7-day food record, separated by a 7- to 14-day washout period. To help participants in estimating consumed portions, both versions of the food record were supported by a photographic booklet of standard portions and containers. At the end of the study protocol, participants completed a questionnaire designed to assess the acceptability of the two questionnaires. Results The reported water intake of fluids was significantly higher with the online version compared with the paper version (respectively 1348 ± 36 and 1219 ± 34 mL/day, p