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Apart from the breast milk, infant formula and baby weaning food have a special role in infant diet. Infants and young children are very susceptible to amount of trace elements. Copper and zinc are two elements that add in infant food. Lead and cadmium are heavy metals that enter to food chain unavoidably. DPASV is a benefit and applicable method for measurement of trace elements in food products. In this study, concentration of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in four brands of baby food (rice and wheat based) and powder milk was analyzed with DPASV and polarograph set. Total Mean ± SE of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in baby foods (n = 240) were 11.86 ± 1.474 mg/100g, 508.197 ± 83.154 μg/100g, 0.445 ± 0.006, 0.050 ± 0.005 mg/Kg respectively. Also these amount in powder milk (n = 240) were 3.621± 0.529 mg/100g, 403.822 ± 133.953 μg/100g, 0.007 ± 0.003, 0.060 ± 0.040 mg/Kg respectively. Zinc level in baby food type I was higher than lablled value (P = 0.030), but in other brands was not difference. Concentration of copper in all of samples was in labeled range (P > 0.05). In each four products, level of lead and cadmium were lower than the standard limit (P < 0.05). Amount of zinc and lead in baby food I, had difference versus other products. Concentration of zinc, camium in baby food type I, was higher than type II (P = 0.043, 0.001 respectively). Concentration of lead and cadmium in baby food type II, was higher than infant formulas, but are in standard limit.

Dietary antioxidants including phenolic compounds are believed to be effective nutrients in the prevention of oxidative stress related disease. Pomegranate has been used for centuries in ancient cultures for its medicinal purpose and is widely acknowledged for antioxidant properties. The present study was designed to assess the effect of pomegranate fresh fruit consumption on the plasma antioxidant capacity. Thirty healthy volunteers were recruited for the study. Volunteers were randomly divided into three groups (pomegranate, vitamin E and water consumption). Blood samples were collected, after at least 12 hours overnight fast, the day before beginning supplementation period and the day after supplementation had finished. Total antioxidant capacity measurement by FRAP method and clinical laboratory test were performed for all volunteers in two selected times. The obtained data revealed that consumption of 100 grams pomegranate and vitamin E per day for ten days resulted in a significant rise (14.05%, 8.28%) plasma antioxidant capacity respectively, but this difference was not significant for water group.

Introduction: To take informed consent for treatment is one of the essential rights of each patient. All healthcare centers must complete consent forms. In spite importance to get informed consent forms, there isn't adequate paying attention to complete these forms. This research is aimed to review the completeness of consent forms in IUMS's teaching centers. Methods: In a descriptive, cross-sectional research we reviewed the completeness of consent forms using a questionnaire. We selected 330 consent forms of inpatient patients in treatment-teaching centers from IUMS by a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected through observations and consent forms survey. In order to providing information we used descriptive statistics by SPSS. Results: Our findings showed that there were incompleteness for patient's family and first names in informed consents forms in 7.2% (24 patients), and for of patient's addresses 71.5% (234 patients). There weren't any sign or finger print in 1.2% (4) forms. In 5.4% (18) forms was bad handwriting. 2.4% (8 patients) patients didn't have legal age while they singed form consent, and 3.6% (12 patients) forms singed by consanguinity and casual relatives. In emergency conditions there were for 86.6% (74 patients) family name and first name recorded while in non emergency conditions 94.7% (235 patients) were recorded. Also forms were confirmed by witnesses in 77.6% (66 patients) in emergency cases while in non- emergency cases it was 59.9% (147 patients). It was applied another form as acquaintance (exemption) in 96.1% (76patients). Conclusion: Goal of getting consent forms is providing the best decision-making for patients. Because importance of getting consent form for patient and treatment centers, it is necessary to reception personnel training to acquire knowledge about consent forms and their completeness.

"nOsteoporosis is a metabolic disease characterized by reduction in bone density and susceptibility to deformity and fracture. Some studies show that osteoblasts can create inter-cellular free radicals that lead to cellular death. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an essential role in cell defense against reactive oxygen metabolites. The purpose of this study was to measure the plasma SOD activities in Iranian women with osteoporosis compared to the control group. SOD activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm in 192 women. Plasma activity of SOD (mean ± SD) was 1.72 ± 0.79 mg protein in the control group, 2.05 ± 0.87 mg protein in patients as a whole [(mild osteopenia + severe osteopenia and osteoporosis) (T-score < -1)] and 2.32 ± 0.91 mg protein in patients with severe osteopenia and osteoporosis (T-score < -1.7). In this study, that plasma activity of SOD was significantly higher in patients than in controls. Furthermore, this difference was more prominent between the controls and patients with severe disease (T-score < -1.7) than patients as a whole. T-score of femur adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI) showed negative significant correlation with plasma activity of SOD.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed and oil have long been used widely as healthy foods to supply energy and prevent aging. Some of the main active anti-oxidative constituents in sesame seeds are γ-tocopherol and phenols. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between roasting temperature and time with γ-tocopherol and total phenolic compounds (TPC) of sesame seeds when roasted in a domestic electric oven. Eight cultivars of sesame seeds in this study were Darab, Dezful, Karaj, Moghan, Naz- Branching, Naz-NonBranching, Siah and Varamin. Each cultivar was divided into ten group based on the roasting time (10, 15 and 20 min) and temperatures (180, 200 and 220 °C)andunroasted one. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometeric methods were used for γ-tocopherol (n = 80) and TPC (n = 80) analysis, respectively. The γ-tocopherol content ranged from 329 ± 5 mg/L in Naz-Branching sesame oil to 1114±7 mg/L in Siah sesame oil and 169±6 to 577±1 mg/kg in sesame seed respectively. γ-tocopherol content of six cultivars increased significantly (p < 0.05) as the roasting temperature and time; until 200 °C for 10 min, but they were decreased by roasting at 220 °C in longer time. Also TPC increased significantly as the roasting temperature. The amount of TPC varied in different sesame cultivars from 20.109 ± 3.967 μM to 129.300±3.493 in Varamin and Naz- Branching sesame seed cultivars, respectively, also TPC increased from 70.953 ± 5.863 μM in unroasted Naz-Branching sesame seed to 129.300 ± 3.493 μM after roasting in 200 °C for 20 min. The present study showed that Iranian sesame seed can be considered as a good source of natural antioxidant specially after roasting. The optimum temperature and time roasting to obtain the most γ-tocopherol and total phenolic content was 200 °C for 10 and 20 min, respectively.