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This protocol proposes an approach to assessing the place of residence as a spatial determinant of health in cities where traffic congestion might impact health services accessibility. The study provides dynamic travel times presenting data in ways that help shape decisions and spur action by diverse stakeholders and sectors. Equity assessments in geographical accessibility to health services typically rely on static metrics, such as distance or average travel times. This new approach uses dynamic spatial accessibility measures providing travel times from the place of residence to the health service with the shortest journey time. It will show the interplay between traffic congestion, accessibility, and health equity and should be used to inform urban and health services monitoring and planning. Available digitised data enable efficient and accurate accessibility measurements for urban areas using publicly available sources and provide disaggregated sociodemographic information and an equity perspective. Test cases are done for urgent and frequent care (i.e., repeated ambulatory care). Situational analyses will be done with cross-sectional urban assessments; estimated potential improvements will be made for one or two new services, and findings will inform recommendations and future studies. This study will use visualisations and descriptive statistics to allow non-specialized stakeholders to understand the effects of accessibility on populations and health equity. This includes “time-to-destination” metrics or the proportion of the people that can reach a service by car within a given travel time threshold from the place of residence. The study is part of the AMORE Collaborative Project, in which a diverse group of stakeholders seeks to address equity for accessibility to essential health services, including health service users and providers, authorities, and community members, including academia.

In Canada, teenage pregnancy rates are calculated as the sum of recorded live births, induced abortions, and miscarriages per 1000 population of women aged 15 to 19 years (Wong et al., 2019). Research suggests that young maternal age is associated with increased risks of adverse neonatal outcomes (Olausson et al., 2001) and that the association between teenage pregnancies and adverse birth outcomes can be explained by several factors, including biological immaturity of the mother, as well as poor socio-demographic factors (Chen et al., 2007, Amjad et al., 2018). The present systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the relationship between teenage pregnancies and the risk for low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB) and stillbirth in Canadian adolescent women. We are interested in examining this association given the limited Canadian data examining this relationship, and the possibility that Canada’s universal health care system, coupled with differences in the level of social inequality, may attenuate the association typically found in other literature.

This project is a scoping review to assess the status of pregnancy, prenatal, and postpartum research in Canada from 2016 to 2021.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to identify, describe, and consolidate indicators that have been developed to evaluate the social and emotional well-being (SEWB) of Indigenous children in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. This review will also explore the application of identified indicators to early childhood (children aged 0-6) as well as the engagement of Indigenous peoples in the process of developing identified indicators. Introduction: Indigenous children experience health inequalities that are shaped by the historical and enduring experiences of colonisation. SEWB is a construct that considers the impacts of colonialism and other structural determinants on Indigenous children’s health, as well as sources of strength, resilience, and healing to overcome health inequalities. There is growing consensus that Indigenous communities must meaningfully engage in the creation of culturally responsive indicators to measure Indigenous children’s health and well-being. Eligibility criteria: Using the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework, this review will focus on indicators of SEWB (Concept) among Indigenous children (Population) in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States (Context). Methods: This proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. This scoping review will consider peer-reviewed publications and grey literature sources that meet the eligibility criteria. Evidence sources published in the English language between 2004 and 2021 will be included. Results will be presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and using tables, figures, and narrative text.

diagramas, tablas La eficiencia en costos es un indicador altamente utilizado por las grandes, medianas y pequeñas empresas del mercado, ya que por medio de este indicador es posible determinar cuánto de los ingresos que las empresas obtienen se destina a cubrir los costos derivados de la operación de la misma. Sin embargo, existen factores que pueden influir en el nivel de eficiencia, los cuales no se consideran a la hora de calcularla de la forma convencional, entendida como la razón entre los egresos y los ingresos de cada una de las empresas, por este motivo, en este trabajo final de maestría, se espera llevar a cabo la medición de la eficiencia en costos del sistema bancario colombiano desde una mirada paramétrica, por medio de fronteras estocásticas, en donde se estiman diferentes modelos estadísticos de costos que pueden llegar a explicar el nivel de eficiencia de las unidades de producción incorporando tanto los factores aleatorios externos a la misma como las decisiones atribuibles de forma directa los cuales impactan el nivel de eficiencia. (Texto tomado de la fuente) Cost efficiency is an indicator highly used by large, medium and small companies in the market, since by means of this indicator it is possible to determine how much of the income that companies obtain is destined to cover the costs derived from its operation. However, there are factors that can influence the level of efficiency, which are not considered when calculating it in the conventional way, understood as the ratio between the expenses and the income of each of the companies, for this reason, In this final master’s project, it is expected to carry out the measurement of the cost efficiency of the Colom bian banking system from a parametric perspective, through stochastic frontiers, where different statistical models of costs are estimated. Such models might explain the level of efficiency of the production units incorporating both the random external factors and directly attributable decisions which impact the level of efficiency. Maestría Magíster en Ciencias - Estadística Estadística aplicada Área Curricular Estadística

Slides used during the presentation delivered at the 7th Global Symposium on Health Systems Research in Bogota on November 2, 2022.

Supplemental material for Age-varying effects of repeated emergency department presentations for children in Canada by Rhonda J Rosychuk, Anqi A Chen, Andrew McRae, Patrick McLane, Maria B Ospina and X Joan Hu in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

Research ethics committees (REC) are interdisciplinary groups responsible for the evaluation of research projects in which human beings take part directly or indirectly. RECS have different functions, procedures, and basics, both national and international, under which they are governed to carry out their function. The aim of the project is to describe bioethical foundations that consider REC when establishing a research project evaluation criterion, for this, a semi-structured interview (survey) was carried out with a member or the REC in full. The results obtained show a difference in the application of the basics, which in some cases depends on whether REC is certified or not. It was found that RECS do not use the same grounds, because they are not known, they are not applicable or partially apply. It is concluded that all RECS apply Resolution 008430 of 1993 for evaluation, however, they are flexible in their application because they do not include the diversity and complexity of the current research, so it is urgent to update it. Los comités de ética de investigación (CEI) son grupos de carácter interdisciplinar encargados de la evaluación de proyectos de investigación en los cuales participan seres humanos directa o indirectamente. Los CEI tienen diferentes funciones, procedimientos y fundamentos, tanto nacionales como internacionales, bajo los cuales se rigen para llevar a cabo su función. El objetivo del proyecto es describir los fundamentos bioéticos que tienen en cuenta los CEI al momento de establecer los criterios de evaluación de un proyecto de investigación, para ello, se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada (encuesta) a un integrante o al CEI en pleno. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una diferencia en la aplicación de los fundamentos, que en algunos casos depende de si el CEI está o no certificado. Se encontró que los CEI no usan los mismos fundamentos porque los desconocen, no les aplican o lo hacen parcialmente. Se concluye que todos los CEI aplican la Resolución 008430 de 1993 para la evaluación, sin embargo, son flexibles en su aplicación porque esta no abarca la diversidad y complejidad de las investigaciones actuales, por lo que es urgente su actualización. Os Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEI, na sigla em espanhol) são grupos interdisciplinares responsáveis por avaliar projetos de pesquisa nos quais seres humanos participam direta ou indiretamente. Os CEI têm diferentes funções, procedimentos e fundamentos, nacionais e internacionais, sob as quais são governados para desempenhar sua função. O objetivo do projeto é descrever os fundamentos bioéticos que são levados em consideração pelos ceiquando eles estabelecem os critérios de avaliação de um projeto de pesquisa, para esse fim, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada (enquete) com um integrante ou a todo o CEI. Os resultados obtidos mostram uma diferença na aplicação dos fundamentos, que em alguns casos varia se o CEI em questão for certificado ou não. Verificou-se que os CEI não usam os mesmos fundamentos porque não os conhecem, não os aplicam ou o fazem parcialmente. Conclui-se que todos os CEI aplicam a Resolução 008430 de 1993 para a avaliação, no entanto, eles são flexíveis em sua aplicação porque ela não abrange a diversidade e complexidade da pesquisa atual, por isso é urgente atualizá-la.

Addressing accessibility to health services requires intersectoral multi-stakeholder action. There is not a lot of knowledge about the effects of traffic congestion on accessibility. The availability of new data allows putting forward simple metrics that all stakeholders can manage. This proof-of-concept reveals accessibility using a platform with intuitive heatmaps/choropleths, dials, and graphs. It uses filters and shows accessibility according to socio-demographic characteristics. It is dynamic, reflecting the impact of changes in traffic congestion. The platform (AMORE Platform) provides a situational analysis that can be updated as conditions or data changes. The Platform reveals and quantifies inequities of accessibility and allows maximizing accessibility by optimizing the location for new services. The proof-of-concept uses two scenarios (1) urgent care in a tertiary hospital; and (2) frequent care (hemodialysis and radiotherapy). The data generation component will be complemented with a participatory action research assessment with project collaborators involving different stakeholders (e.g., authorities, service providers and users, organized civil society and academia) who will use the platform and could determine its value and potential in service planning, urbanism, and intersectoral and multistakeholder collaboration. The platform can be updated and modified to cover other services within and beyond the health sector. The proof-of-concept is done in Cali, Colombia's third most populous city, with inputs from a broad range of stakeholders.

El Hepatozoon canis es un protozoario que parasita los leucocitos de los caninos, su huésped definitivo es la garrapata común (Riphicephalus sanguineus) y el perro es el huésped intermediario, el cual adquiere la infección al ingerir una garrapata infectada con el parásito, este continúa su multiplicación y diseminación en el perro ocasionando sintomatología y daños multisistémicos en el organismo (1). La hepatozoonosis canina es una enfermedad poco estudiada y confundida a nivel mundial con otras enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas como lo son la Babesiosis y la Ehrlichiosis al presentar cuadros clínicos similares en los pacientes. En el reporte de este caso se evidenció un cuadro clínico poco especíifico con la enfermedad la cuál fue confirmada mediante frotis sanguíneo y observación microscópica al ser una de las formas más adecuadas para la diferenciación del parásito por su morfología específica. Los pacientes con Hepatozoon canis pueden ser asintomáticos o presentar variación en su sintomatología (2). Los pocos reportes a nivel mundial sobre el Hepatozoon canis llevan a un desconocimiento de clínicos y propietarios los cuales descartan la enfermedad y relacionan su sintomatología con otras enfermedades logrando así la no identificación de este protozoo, un mal abordaje y la no resolución del problema. Por esta razón la importancia de reportar y describir este caso clínico, para elaborar guías de abordaje clínico basados en la evidencia, los cuales sean de fácil acceso para los médicos veterinarios (3 Hepatozoon canis is a protozoan that parasitizes canine leukocytes, its definitive host is the common tick (Riphicephalus sanguineus) and the dog is the intermediate host, which acquires the infection by ingesting a tick infected with the parasite, it continues its multiplication and dissemination in the dog causing symptoms and multisystemic damage in the body. Canine hepatozoonosis is a disease little studied and confused worldwide with other diseases transmitted by ticks such as Babesiosis and Ehrlichiosis, as it presents similar clinical pictures in patients. In the report of this case, nonspecific clinical picture with the desease was evidenced which was confirmed by blood smear and microscopic observation as it is one of the most appropriate ways for the differentiation of the parasite due to its specific morphology, patients with Hepatozoon canis can be asymptomatic or present variation in their symptoms. The few reports worldwide on Hepatozoon canis lead to a lack of knowledge of clinicians and owners who rule out the disease and relate its symptoms to other diseases, thus achieving a poor approach and nonresolution of the problem. For this reason, the importance of reporting and describing this clinical case, to develop evidence- based medical approach guides which are easily accessible to veterinarians. Pregrado Médico(a) Veterinario(a) y Zootecnista

Cooking quality for consumer acceptance of boiled cassava is an essential criteria for breeding programs. Selecting improved genotypes for cooking quality is increasingly important to maximize the likelihood of adoption, in addition to agronomic criteria such as yields and tolerance to pests and diseases. Conventional tests of cooking quality, such as probing the product's softness with a fork to determine optimum cooking time (CT), are time-consuming and labor intensive; requiring up to one hour per genotype. Hence, in a standard food-quality lab, only a few dozen of samples can be screened per day, whereas selection for breeding requires testing up to several hundred genotypes. The RTBfoods project has developed a faster method by objectively measuring water absorption, root density and texture. Among these, water absorption and change in root density after 30 minutes of boiling significantly correlated with CT (R2 = 0.60 to 0.66). Thus, this approach makes it possible to screen up to 80 genotypes per day by confidently classifying short-cooking and long-cooking behaviors of cassava roots, i.e. medium- throughput screening. Accumulating further cooking quality data will facilitate ongoing efforts to develop a true high-throughput phenotyping platform with the capacity to screen the target several hundred samples per day. A particularly promising approach is the ongoing investigation of correlations between cooking quality parameters and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which would reduce the analysis time from 30 to 2 minutes per genotype.

Conocer los factores de riesgo Psicosociales de un grupo de trabajadores de la empresa Logística y Control de Seguridad Ltda. en la modalidad de teletrabajo a través de la aplicación del instrumento de la Batería de Riesgo Psicosocial en el año 2020, mediante un alcance descriptivo, ya que, al pretender aplicar la batería de riesgos psicosocial, se tendrá como resultados el identificar y describir los factores de riesgo psicosociales teniendo en cuenta variables intralaborales, extralaborales e individuales de los mismos . To know the psychosocial risk factors of a group of workers of the company Logística y Control de Seguridad Ltda. In the teleworking modality through the application of the instrument of the Psychosocial Risk Battery in 2020, through a descriptive scope, and that, when trying to apply the battery of psychosocial risks, the results will be to identify and describe the psychosocial risk factors taking into account intra-work, extra-work and individual variables. Especialista en Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Universidad del Tolima - Ibagué Especialización

En la presente monografía se realiza la caracterización de la conducta suicida en la población adolescente de Ibagué, con el propósito de recolectar información y formular hipótesis que permita, mediante una investigación clasificar los diferentes motivos y métodos que son usados frecuentemente por los adolescentes para culminar con su ciclo de vida, ya que, de esta manera se ampliará la conceptualización teórica sobre esta problemática de salud pública mundial que ha venido en aumento, ocasionando la muerte de miles de personas, sobre todo en las que se encuentran entre los 15 y 29 años, clasificándose entonces, en la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo para los sujetos que se encuentran en este rango de edad, además, se estima que en Colombia, la población adolescente que comete el acto no es la única que se encuentra perturbada, sino que el entorno familiar, los ambientes educativos y de interacción social se han visto significativamente afectados e involucrados, quienes buscan soluciones para disminuir el riesgo. Así mismo, el presente documento está compuesto por tres capítulos titulados de la siguiente manera: 1. La conducta suicida en la población adolescente; 2. Protocolos de intervención para la prevención y manejo del suicidio; por último, el capítulo 3. Casos de suicidios consumados en Ibagué. Realizar investigaciones que permitan conocer las variables, antecedentes, causas, factores y teorías existentes, son aspectos a tener en cuenta para la obtención de la información mediante revisión de documentos, estudios, investigaciones, medios masivos de comunicación, entrevistas con actores involucrados en el tema (fuentes primarias, secundarias y terciarias). In this monograph the characterization of suicidal behavior in the adolescent population of Ibagué is carried out, with the purpose of collecting information and formulating hypotheses that allow, through research, to classify the different motives and methods that are frequently used by adolescents to culminate with its life cycle, since, in this way, the theoretical conceptualization of this global public health problem that has been increasing, causing the death of thousands of people, especially those between 15 and 29 years old , being classified then, in the second cause of death in the world for the subjects that are in this age range, in addition, it is estimated that in Colombia, the adolescent population that commits the act is not the only one that is disturbed, but that the family environment, educational environments and social interaction have been significantly affected and involved, who seek solutions tions to reduce risk. Likewise, this document is made up of three chapters entitled as follows: 1. Suicidal behavior in the adolescent population; 2. Intervention protocols for the prevention and management of suicide; finally, chapter 3. Cases of completed suicides in Ibagué. Carrying out research that allows knowing the variables, antecedents, causes, factors and existing theories, are aspects to take into account to obtain information through review of documents, studies, investigations, mass media, interviews with actors involved in the subject (primary, secondary and tertiary sources).

Additional file 1. MEDLINE Search Strategy.

A third of the world's population suffers from visual impairment, this figure is approximately 2,200 million people without taking into account that there are individuals who have not been diagnosed due to various reasons that include lack of access to health or who are in territories outside the scope of the census system of each country. Currently in Colombia the number of people with visual disabilities rises to 551,764 people, which has implications in different social aspects. One of the biggest challenges facing the country is the literacy of this community, taking into account that to carry out this process it is necessary to use the Braille literacy system. The tools currently available in the area of ​​education for people with visual disabilities are limited, not only because of their price but also because of their low worldwide distribution, especially in Latin American countries. This can be seen reflected in the high rate of illiteracy in the population that suffers from visual impairment and therefore leads to a high rate of unemployment. This is how this project arises that aims to validate a device with auditory feedback which serves as a support tool in the learning and teaching of Braille for people with visual disabilities. For this, a methodology that is based on five stages divided into: literary review, specification of parameters, design and construction of the device, development of the virtual platform and verification of the system as a whole (software and hardware) was proposed. The results obtained were a fully functional web platform to which a device containing the generating sign of the Braille matrix is ​​connected, which when activated generates auditory feedback incorporated into the corresponding web page. The external parts of the device were obtained by means of 3D printing in a biodegradable material that does not generate pollution for the environment and is also inexpensive. A value of 99% accuracy and 100% precision was obtained, which is why it is established that the device allows the generation of all the symbols found in the alphabet of the Braille system defined for Colombian Spanish., Un tercio de la población a nivel mundial sufre de discapacidad visual, esta cifra es aproximadamente 2.200 millones de personas sin tener en cuenta que existen individuos que no han sido diagnosticados a causa de diversas razones que incluyen la falta de acceso a salud o que se encuentran en territorios fuera del alcance del sistema de censo de cada país. Actualmente en Colombia la cifra de personas con discapacidad visual asciende a 551.764 personas lo cual trae implicaciones en diferentes aspectos sociales. Uno de los mayores retos a los que se enfrenta el país es la alfabetización de esta comunidad, teniendo en cuenta que para llevar a cabo este proceso es necesario el uso del sistema de lectoescritura Braille. Las herramientas actualmente disponibles en el área de la educación para personas con discapacidad visual están limitadas, no solo por su precio pero también por su baja distribución a nivel mundial, especialmente en países latinoamericanos. Esto se puede ver reflejado en la alta tasa de analfabetismo en la población que sufre de discapacidad visual y que por ende conlleva a una alta tasa de desempleo. Es así como surge este proyecto que tiene como objetivo validar un dispositivo con realimentación auditiva el cual sirva como herramienta de apoyo en el aprendizaje y enseñanza del Braille para personas con discapacidad visual. Para esto, se planteó una metodología que se basa en cinco etapas divididas en: revisión literaria, especificación de parámetros, diseño y construcción del dispositivo, desarrollo de la plataforma virtual y verificación del sistema en conjunto (software y hardware). Los resultados obtenidos fueron una plataforma web completamente funcional a la que se conecta un dispositivo que contiene el signo generador de la matriz Braille, que al ser accionado genera realimentación auditiva incorporada en la página web correspondiente. Las partes externas del dispositivo se obtuvieron por medio de impresión 3D en un material biodegradable que no genera contaminación para el medio ambiente y que adicionalmente es de bajo costo. Se obtuvo un valor de 99% de exactitud y de 100% de precisión por lo cual se establece que el dispositivo, permite generar todos los símbolos que se encuentran en el abecedario del sistema Braille definido para el español de Colombia.

Additional file 1. Contains supplementary tables and figures as a Microsoft Word file

The definition and approach of hyperlactatemia classically has been related to tissue hypoperfusion, hepatic insufficiency, and anaerobic metabolism. Nonetheless, there are few aetiologies known which could produce it. Muscle fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, as well as the use of inhaled B2 agonist, is associated with hepatic noradrenaline release, activation of glycolysis (converting glucose to pyruvate or lactate), and consequently, an increase in lactate.

Background/Objectives: A case study is presented where a 1.432 MW wind power connection with DFIG (doubly-fed induction generator) technology is analyzed in the stability of the National Transmission System (NTS). Hence, the STN’s database from 2017 is used in DIgSILENT with different demand scenarios and their respective generation dispatch units. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A scan was executed on the flaws in circuits close to the connection of wind energy parks in La Guajira by calculating the percentage of events that generate the disconnection of wind turbines due to voltage sags and swells. The stability in frequency in response to these generation losses is also analyzed. Findings: Regarding the contingencies that were simulated, the outcome was seen in overshoot events of wind turbines due to transitory peaks in voltage during flaws that could not be solved with external reactive compensation. The stability in frequency related to these overshoots is greatly affected on disconnections higher than 400 MW. After verifying the reactive power injection from the converter of the DFIG model in DIgSILENT based on the compliance with electrical parameters supplied by manufacturers, 58% did not meet these technical specifications so a wind turbine model is necessary to grasp the internal operation of the converter. Conclusion: This allows the identification of possible solutions to stability issues that contribute to the operational and regulatory changes to define technical technology-related requirements and the connection of wind turbines in Colombia. Keywords: DFIG Wind Turbine, DIgSILENT, Stability, Voltage Supportability, Wind Energy

Cassava is the major staple food of tropical Africa roots whereas leaves are mostly considered as a byproduct which are good source of protein, vitamins and minerals also they are available throughout the year and they should be accorded as much importance as the roots. A concern however is the risk of cyanide formation if leaves are insufficiently processed since these contain the cyanogenic glycosides linamarin (approximately 93% of total glucosides; 2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)isobutyronitrile; derived from valine) and lotaustralin (2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)- 2-methylbutyronitrile, derived from isoleucine). Fortunately, there are simple processes that remove the HCN from the leaves making them available for animal and human consumption. Trials with 50 cassava genotypes (Manihot esculenta Cranzt) from the genetic diversity collection of CIAT (Cali, Colombia) were used to assess the diversity of cyanide contents in cassava leaves and roots (external peels and parenchyma). The cyanide concentration in leaves was determined in 11 genotypes at three different physiological ages. (3, 6 y 11 months). Analysis of the data by seven diversity groups corresponding to the centers of domestication of the genus Manihot in Latin America put in evidence significant differences in terms of cyanide contents in leaves, peels and parenchyma. In particular, the Amazon and Andean groups were associated with high cyanide and low cyanide contents, respectively. This study showed that peels and leaves have a major cyanide content than parenchyma. Furthermore, the cyanide concentration is higher in young leaves, as they mature the content of HCN decreases over time. These findings on cyanide content in a large number of genotypes and its relation with physiological age are important to identify genotypes with attractive attributes for increased utilization of cassava leaves.

Cassava leaves, usually considered a byproduct of the production of cassava roots, may offer a significant source of proteins, essential amino-acids and vitamins, with nutritional benefits for both human and animal consumption. A concern however is the risk of cyanide formation from cyanogenic glycosides, if leaves are insufficiently processed. 178 cassava genotypes (Manihot esculenta Cranzt) from the genetic diversity collection of CIAT (Cali, Colombia) were grown and harvested to assess the diversity of cyanide contents in cassava leaves and roots, and characterize their nutritional potential (carotens, proteins, essential amino-acids). The cyanide concentration in leaves was determined at three different physiological ages. The contents of cyanide and all-trans-β-carotene in cassava leaves ranged from 345 ppm to 7484 ppm DB and from 171 μg/g to 547 μg/g DB, respectively. Cassava leaves also showed significant levels of essential amino-acids valine, leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine, and average total protein content of 11% DB. Analysis of the data by seven diversity groups corresponding to the centers of domestication of the genus Manihot in Latin America put in evidence significant differences in terms of cyanide contents in leaves, peels and parenchyma. In particular the Amazon and Andean groups were associated with high cyanide and low cyanide contents, respectively.

Screenshot of AECOPD order set (PDF 400Â kb)

236 genotypes of the CIAT germplasm collection representative of seven diversity groups of Latin America (Amazon, Andean, Caribbean, Savanna, Dry Atlantic forest, Humid Atlantic forest, and South American rainforest) were grown at CIAT during 2014-2017. Roots from each group showed specific postharvest quality traits. Savanna, Caribbean, and South American rainforest genotypes had the highest dry matter (39.0-39.8% wb). Andean genotypes had the lowest cyanide content and shortest boiling time (average 109 ppm db and 34 mins, respectively). In contrast, Amazon genotypes had the highest cyanide content and longest cooking time (average 885 ppm db and 56 mins, respectively). These traits may reflect different selection criteria corresponding to different uses over centuries of cassava domestication: In the Andean region, cassava is commonly consumed as boiled fresh roots, and hence low cyanide and short boiling time traits may have been preferentially selected. In the Amazon region cassava is fermented to prepare farinha; for which boiling time and cyanide are less important traits. Humid Atlantic forest and Savanna genotypes had the lowest and highest postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) at respectively 22% and 43%. Across diversity groups, the majority of genotypes had relatively low cyanide with 137 out of 236 below 200 ppm db.

Supplement with additional details on methods and results (DOCX 28Â kb)

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la influencia de los heuristicos en el proceso de decisión y elección de compra y consumo de bebidas energizantes en los jóvenes universitarios entre 16 y 30 años de la ciudad de Bogotá, por medio de un estudio descriptivo para la comprensión de patrones y preferencias que permitan el planteamiento de recomendaciones enfocadas en el consumo responsable. Por medio del estudio se identificaron los patrones que influencian el proceso de compra y consumo, abordando el tema desde tres ejes fundamentales: arquitectura de la cognición del joven consumidor, heuristicos que orientan la decisión de compra y consumo, educación y responsabilidad para el consumo. De esa manera con la investigación se encontrò dentro de los hallazgos que la publicidad es el principal influenciador de consumo y de la misma manera los componentes del producto, el tamaño y el valor como anclajes que influyen en el proceso de compra ya que son determinantes en el consumo impulsivo de este tipo de productos. Profesional en Mercadeo Pregrado

This report provides the results of an economic surveillance analysis on the components of the Alberta healthcare system that are devoted to COPD prevention and treatment. It focuses on epidemiology (prevalence and incidence), service use, and cost indicators, and identifies gaps in the system that presumably add to the overall economic burden of COPD. ISBN 978-1-926929-67-5 (online)

BACKGROUND: Reliable evidence detailing effective treatments and management practices for chronic noncancer pain exists. However, little is known about which knowledge translation (KT) interventions lead to the uptake of this evidence in practice.OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of KT interventions for chronic noncancer pain management.METHODS: Comprehensive searches of electronic databases, the gray literature and manual searches of journals were undertaken. Randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials and controlled before-and-after studies of KT interventions were included. Data regarding interventions and primary outcomes were categorized using a standard taxonomy; a risk-of-bias approach was adopted for study quality. A narrative synthesis of study results was conducted.RESULTS: More than 8500 titles and abstracts were screened, with 230 full-text articles reviewed for eligibility. Nineteen studies were included, of which only a small proportion were judged to be at low risk of bias. Interactive KT education for health care providers has a positive effect on patients’ function, but its benefits for other health provider- and patient-related outcomes are inconsistent. Interactive education for patients leads to improvements in knowledge and function. Little research evidence supports the effectiveness of structural changes in health systems and quality improvement processes or coordination of care.CONCLUSIONS: KT interventions incorporating interactive education in chronic noncancer pain led to positive effects on patients’ function and knowledge about pain. Future studies should provide implementation details and use consistent theoretical frameworks to better estimate the effectiveness of such interventions.

Tablas En el hogar Fundacol, se encuentran acogidos y cuidados 96 adultos mayores, hombres y mujeres, distribuidos en dos sedes. Cada adulto mayor tiene sus singularidades físicas y mentales. Los rangos de edades oscilan entre 50 y 90 años de ambos sexos. Una característica especial es el abandono por parte de las familias, como también el deterioro mental cognitivo de los pacientes. El informe es una síntesis de las actividades realizadas con los adultos mayores de tal manera que se logra vislumbrar un diagnostico psicológico con elementos para el bienestar integral. El resultado son recomendaciones para los centros gerontogeriatricos, para las familias de pacientes adultos mayores. A la vez se sugieren aspectos para combatir el deterioro cognitivo y mejorar la calidad de vida de la comunidad longeva. Con un enfoque cualitativo, el informe de práctica pretende ser un sencillo manual estratégico de atención a comunidades de adulto mayor albergados en centros gerontogeriatricos. Contiene descripciones desde la línea profesional psicológica, como recomendaciones para el trato a adultos mayores en casas albergue. Fundacol home, welcome and care are 96 seniors, men and women, divided into two branches. Each has its singularities elderly physical and mental. The ranges of ages ranging between 50 and 90 years of both sexes. A special feature is the abandonment by families, as well as cognitive mental deterioration of patients. The report is a summary of the activities undertaken with the elderly so that a diagnosis is achieved glimpse psychological elements to wellness. This results in recommendations for gerontogeriatricos centers for families of elderly patients. While suggested ways to combat cognitive decline and improve the quality of community life longevity. With a qualitative approach, the report aims to be a simple practical strategy manual care of elderly community centers housed in gerontogeriatricos. Contains descriptions from the professional line psychological treatment recommendations for older adults in shelter homes.

BACKGROUND: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have considerable potential for inequities in diagnosis and treatment, thereby affecting vulnerable groups.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in asthma and COPD prevalence between adult Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, specialized databases and the grey literature up to October 2011 were searched to identify epidemiological studies comparing asthma and COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adult populations. Prevalence ORs (PORs) and 95% CIs were calculated in a random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: Of 132 studies, eight contained relevant data. Aboriginal populations included Native Americans, Canadian Aboriginals, Australian Aboriginals and New Zealand Maori. Overall, Aboriginals were more likely to report having asthma than non-Aboriginals (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.23 to 1.60]), particularly among Canadian Aboriginals (POR 1.80 [95% CI 1.68 to 1.93]), Native Americans (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.13 to 1.76]) and Maori (POR 1.64 [95% CI 1.40 to 1.91]). Australian Aboriginals were less likely to report asthma (POR 0.49 [95% CI 0.28 to 0.86]). Sex differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginals and their non-Aboriginal counterparts were not identified. One study compared COPD prevalence between Native and non-Native Americans, with similar rates in both groups (POR 1.08 [95% CI 0.81 to 1.44]).CONCLUSIONS: Differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations exist in a variety of countries. Studies comparing COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations are scarce. Further investigation is needed to identify and account for factors associated with respiratory health inequalities among Aboriginal peoples.

The Sexual Exploitation of Children and Youth Over the Internet: A Rapid Review of the Scientific Literature report examines the research evidence on the frequency, effects, risk factors of sexual exploitation of children and youth over the Internet. The report also provides information on available resources in Alberta and Canada regarding Internet safety and prevention of child and youth abuse and exploitation via the Internet. ISBN 978-1-897443-69-9 (online)

Background Upper-limb dysfunction is a commonly reported side effect of treatment for breast cancer and may include decreased shoulder range of motion (the range through which a joint can be moved) (ROM) and strength, pain and lymphedema. Objectives To review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of exercise interventions in preventing, minimi sing, or improving upper-limb dysfunction due to breast cancer treatment.Search methods We searched the Specialised Register of the Cochrane Breast Cancer Group, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and LILACS (to August 2008); contacted experts, handsearched reference lists, conference proceedings, clinical practice guidelines and other unpublished iterature sources. Selection criteria RCTs evaluating the effectiveness and safety of exercise for upper-limb dysfunction. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently performed the data abstraction. Investigators were contacted for missing data. Main results We included 24 studies involving 2132 participants. Ten of the 24 were considered of adequate methodological quality. Ten studies examined the effect of early versus delayed implementation of post-operative exercise. Implementing early exercise was more effective than delayed exercise in the short term recovery of shoulder flexion ROM (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD): 10.6 degrees; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.51 to 16.6); however, early exercise also resulted in a statistically significant increase in wound drainage volume (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.49) and duration (WMD: 1.15 days; 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.65). Fourteen studies examined the effect of structured exercise compared to usual care/comparison. Of these, six were post-operative, three during adjuvant treatment and five following cancer treatment. Structured exercise programs in the post-operative period significantly improved shoulder flexion ROM in the short-term (WMD: 12.92 degrees; 95% CI: 0.69 to 25.16). Physical therapy treatment yielded additional benefit for shoulder function post-intervention (SMD: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.21) and at six-month follow-up (SMD: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.19). There was no evidence of increased risk of lymphedema from exercise at any time point. Authors' conclusions Exercise can result in a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in shoulder ROM in women with breast cancer. In the post-operative period, consideration should be given to early implementation of exercises, although this approach may need to be carefully weighed against the potential for increases in wound drainage volume and duration. High quality research studies that closely monitor exercise prescription factors (e.g. intensity), and address persistent upper-limb dysfunction are needed.

To evaluate the integrated management of solid residues in the south zone of Medellín Metropolitan Area. Methodology: a descriptive study was made to examine the socio-economical, technical, environmental and institutional conditions related to the municipality. Solid residues management through its different stages. Results: the analysis showed that the cleaning public service has been oriented mainly to collecting and transporting the residues to their final disposal, without considering the regular stages that should be an integral part of the solid residues process. A diagnosis permitted the identification of deficiencies and needs that were used for the study of alternatives to solutions and strategies facilitating the proposal of programs and projects aimed to improve residuals management from their generation to their final disposal. Conclusion: the need to implement permanent sensibilization and education campaigns oriented towards an attitudinal change in those involved in the municipal residual handling was identified. In addition, it is important to develop solution strategies for those people to take responsibility concerning local problems to get involved in an ongoing improvement of the previously mentioned managerial process. RESUMEN: Analizar la gestión integral de residuos sólidos en la zona sur del área metropolitana del valle del Aburrá durante el año 2004. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en que se observaron las condiciones socioeconómicas, técnicas, ambientales e institucionales relacionadas con el manejo de los residuos sólidos municipales en sus diferentes etapas. Resultados: al examinar la información se evidenció que la prestación del servicio público de aseo se ha orientado principalmente hacia la recolección y transporte hasta el sitio de disposición final, restándole importancia a las demás fases previstas dentro de la gestión integral de residuos. Por medio de un diagnóstico se hallaron las deficiencias y necesidades que sirvieron de base para el estudio de las alternativas de solución y elaboración de estrategias, lo que facilitó la propuesta de programas y proyectos encaminados al mejoramiento de la administración de los residuos desde la generación hasta la disposición final. Conclusión: se pudo verificar la prioridad de implementar campañas permanentes de sensibilización y educación para el logro de un cambio de actitud de los actores que intervienen en el manejo de los residuos municipales; además, se proponen estrategias de solución, con el fin de que se apropien de la problemática local y de que participen en el mejoramiento continuo de dicha gestión. COL0016049

Additional file 2. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ): 32-item checklist.

Additional file 1. Semi-structured focus group guide on Identification of care gaps, barriers and facilitators for the implementation COPD care bundle in hospital and ED settings in Alberta.

Additional file 1. Semi-structured focus group guide on Identification of care gaps, barriers and facilitators for the implementation COPD care bundle in hospital and ED settings in Alberta.

Background Vector-borne diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. Effective, convenient prevention methods are needed. Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated (LLPI) clothing can prevent tick bites, however, additional information is needed on the real-world effectiveness and safety of this preventative measure. Methods In this pilot study, we recruited state and county park employees from North Carolina to wear LLPI uniforms for three months during the summer of 2016. We collected spot urine samples for biomonitoring of permethrin metabolites at one week, one month and three months after first use of the LLPI uniform. Following three months of wear, we collected pants and socks and analyzed them for permethrin content and mortality to ticks and mosquitoes. Results Thirteen park employees were included in the analysis. Bioactive amounts of permethrin remained in all clothing swatches tested, although there was great variability. Tick mortality was high, with 78% of pant and 88% of sock swatches having mean knockdown percentages ≥ 85%. In contrast, mosquito mortality was low. Over the study period, the absorbed dosage of permethrin averaged < 4 μg/kg/d of body weight based on measurements of three metabolites. Conclusions LLPI clothing retained permethrin and bioactivity against ticks after three months of use in real-world conditions. The estimated absorbed dosage of permethrin was well below the U.S. EPA level of concern, suggesting that LLPI clothing can be used safely by outdoor workers for tick bite prevention.

Additional file 2. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ): 32-item checklist.

59(37)hojas El objetivo de este proyecto estuvo encaminado a poder contribuir como institución en el progreso de las comunidades víctimas del conflicto armado, que en décadas pasadas fueron obligadas a participar en la producción de cultivos ilícitos debido a las limitadas alternativas de ingreso en la zona; por ello el desarrollo de este proyecto tuvo lugar en la zona del Alto Ariari, en el municipio El Dorado del Departamento del Meta donde la población beneficiaria pertenece a la asociación de ASOFRUD, que comprende más de 100 asociados con extensiones de cultivo que no superan las 5 hectáreas por productor. Por lo anterior, se capacitaron a 50 personas de poblaciones víctimas del conflicto, campesinos y mujeres, en procesos como beneficio y transformación del cacao, buscando el fortalecimiento de esta cadena productiva debido a que es un producto apetecido para industrias como la Compañía Nacional de Chocolates, Chocolate Corona, Prococacao y hasta el mercado exterior. 4.1 CACAO.............................................................................................................. 12 4.2 CACAO EN COLOMBIA .................................................................................... 13 4.3 GENERALIDADES DEL CULTIVO DEL CACAO............................................... 13 4.4 AFECTACIONES DEL CULTIVO....................................................................... 14 4.5 PROCESAMIENTO Y TRANSFORMACION DEL GRANO DE CACAO ............ 14 4.6 COMUNIDADES VICTIMAS .............................................................................. 16 5. ESTADO DEL ARTE............................................................................................. 16 Proyección Social (Ingeniería Agroindustrial) Pasantia en Proyección Social Universidad de los Llanos. Resultado para Obtener el Título de Ingeniero Agroindustrial. Pregrado Ingeniería Agroindustrial