Search

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik algılarında cinsiyet, kıdem ve branş değişkenlerinin etki düzeyini ortaya koymaktır. Yöntem: Konu ile ilgili YÖK Tez Merkezi, ProQuest, EBSCOhost ve Google Akademik, Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi (Türkiye Akademik Arşivi, Ulusal Toplu Katalog, Dergi Park Akademik) veri tabanları taranarak dahil edilme ölçütlerine uygun cinsiyet değişkeni için 83, kıdem değişkeni için 55 ve branş değişkeni için 28 çalışma meta analiz kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya dahil edilen çalışmaların örneklem büyüklükleri, cinsiyet değişkenine göre 29058, kıdem değişkenine göre 19597 ve branş değişkenine göre 11194 öğretmendir. Verilerin analizinde Comprehensive Meta Analysis Ver. 2.2.064 (CMA) programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Yapılan analizler sonucunda tüm değişkenler için araştırmaya dâhil edilen bireysel çalışmalarda yayın yanlılığı bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Rastgele etkiler modeline göre yapılan analiz sonucunda; öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik algıları üzerinde cinsiyet değişkeninin genel etki büyüklüğünün (d=0.00), kıdem değişkeninin genel etki büyüklüğünün (d= -0.07) ve branş değişkeninin etki büyüklüğünün (d=-0.06) zayıf ve önemsiz düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm değişkenleri için yapılan moderatör analizleri sonucunda da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmayan sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada ulaşılan bulgular genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde öğretmenlerin cinsiyet, kıdem ve branş gibi özelliklerinin örgütsel sessizlik algısı üzerinde etkisinin olmadığı ya da çok zayıf düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma bulguları üzerinde araştırma karakteristik özelliklerinin etkisi incelendiğinde; kademe türünün, yayın türünün, okul türünün, öğretmen branşının, araştırmanın yapıldığı bölgenin ve araştırmacı cinsiyetinin moderatör etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Özgünlük: Öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik algılarında cinsiyet, kıdem ve branşlarının etkisini bütüncül bir yaklaşımla meta-analiz yöntemi ile bir araya getirmesi bağlamında özgün bir çalışmadır.

According to scientists, the dog was domesticated in Asia and spread to other parts of the world from this continent. Turks are also from Central Asia. It is believed that the homeland of the Turkish Akbash Shepherd Dog is Central Asia. The Turks may have taken these white-skinned shepherd dogs to other parts of Europe as well. It is also believed that the Hungarians came from the Hun Turks, one of the ancient Turkish tribes. When the ancestors of the Hungarians came to this region, they may have brought white-skinned dogs, which are now called Kuvasz Dogs. Hungary, Slovakia and Southern Poland are in the same basin and dogs called Kuvasz, Chuvach and Tatra are bred in the countries of this basin, respectively. Kuvasz, Chuvach and Tatra were brought by the Hun Turks and may be dogs of the same origin. This paper claims “All white-skinned shepherd dogs are descended from the Central Asian Shepherd Dog, which was taken by the Turks from Central Asia to other countries.” If this hypothesis can be proven as a result of genetic analysis, the results of this research will not only serve animal science, but also anthropology for humanity.

The transition of people from the nomadic life to the settled social life from the past to the present has also affected and further developed the relations of people in the settled life with animals. As people move from individual life to social life, they also experience some social and economic changes. These changes often affect behaviour patterns and lifestyles. Social changes have brought with them urban and rural differences. Along with this change, people’s perspectives on animals also changed over time, they domesticated some species defined as wild or wild animals and started to keep them as pets in their farms or homes. People benefit from various yields of animals such as offspring, meat, milk, eggs, wool, horns, nails, work, protection, life partner, guidance service. Although there are many reasons for this, the most important reason is the Covid-19 pandemic. It is clearly seen that animals provide economic, social and spiritual support to humans in this difficult period.

Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a non-convulsive seizure disorder primarily in children characterized by absence seizures. Absence seizures consist of 2.5–5 Hz spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) detectable using electroencephalography (EEG). Current drug treatments are only partially effective and adverse side effects have spurred research into alternative treatment approaches. Recent research shows that positive allosteric modulation of the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) reduces the frequency and duration of SWDs in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), a model that recapitulates the SWDs in CAE. Here, we tested additional CB1R ago-PAMs, GAT591 and GAT593, for their potential in alleviating SWD activity in GAERS. In vitro experiments confirm that GAT591 and GAT593 exhibit increased potency and selectivity in cell cultures and behave as CB1R allosteric agonists and PAMs. To assess drug effects on SWDs, bilateral electrodes were surgically implanted in the somatosensory cortices of male GAERS and EEGs recorded for 4 h following systemic administration of GAT591 or GAT593 (1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg). Both GAT591 and GAT593 dose-dependently reduced total SWD duration during the recording period. The greatest effect on SWD activity was observed at 10.0 mg/kg doses, with GAT591 and GAT593 reducing seizure duration by 36% and 34% respectively. Taken together, these results support the continued investigation of CB1R PAMs as a potential therapeutic to alleviate SWDs in absence epilepsy., Highlights • Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of cannabinoid type 1 receptors may help treat absence epilepsy. • Two ago-PAMs for CB1Rs were assessed using in vitro and in vivo assays. • The increased efficacy of the CB1R-PAMs GAT591 and GAT593 was confirmed in vitro. • Systemic injection of either compound reduced spike-and-wave discharges in a rat genetic model of absence epilepsy.

Signaling circuits crucial to systemic physiology are widespread, yet uncovering their molecular underpinnings remains a barrier to understanding the etiology of many metabolic disorders. Here, we identified a copper-linked signaling circuit activated by disruption of mitochondrial function in the murine liver or heart that resulted in atrophy of the spleen and thymus and caused a peripheral white blood cell deficiency. We demonstrated that the leukopenia was caused by alpha-fetoprotein, which required copper and the cell surface receptor CCR5 to promote white blood cell death. We further showed that alpha-fetoprotein expression was upregulated in several cell types upon inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Collectively, our data argue that alpha-fetoprotein may be secreted by bioenergetically stressed tissue to suppress the immune system, an effect that may explain the recurrent or chronic infections that are observed in a subset of mitochondrial diseases or in other disorders with secondary mitochondrial dysfunction.

In this study, it is aimed to analyze the positive effects of pets on the market economy and people. The COVID-19 pandemic started with the virus outbreak that emerged in Wuhan City, the capital of Hubei Province of China, on December 1, 2019 [1], and the first case in our country was announced by the Ministry of Health on March 11, 2020. With the rapid spread of the epidemic in the world, closures in countries, travel restrictions, working from home and the introduction of the online education system, the rate of spending more time with pets, known as people's loyal friends, and the rate of adopting new animals have begun to increase. In this process, it has been seen that people are more interested in their animals and they are more sensitive in meeting their needs. It has been observed that they do not hesitate to allocate a significant part of their budgets in many subjects such as animal nutrition and veterinary care services, consumption expenditures such as pad shop products and purchasing new animals have increased, and this market has been dynamic. It is known that having a pet is good for blood pressure, greatly reduces the feeling of loneliness and depression in people, and always keeps their hopes warm. It can be said that taking care of furry friends after a long day helps people feel more optimistic and spending time with their pets helps them cope with stress, helps animals increase social relationships, and develops empathy, social skills, mutual love and sense of responsibility in children. It can be said that spending time with their pets is good for people's mood, and they even prefer their animals over other people in quarantine, and they gain social status. The trend of online shopping for pets also seems to become permanent. Pets are now more important than ever in our lives. The pandemic may ease in the near future, but the closeness of our pets will be permanent. It is seen that the tendency towards the adoption of pets and meeting their needs such as care and nutrition is increasing day by day. While various needs come to the fore in this trend, it is important to determine the economic role of consumption of these needs and their relationship with the reasons.

The effect of chronic noise on the middle ear is not fully known. This study aimed to evaluate the middle ear functions of metal workers exposed to chronic noise using wideband tympanometry.In this study, 62 male workers exposed to chronic noise and 30 healthy men were included. Workers exposed to chronic noise were divided into 2 groups according to their pure tone averages. Totally 30 workers (60 ears) with pure tone average less than 20 dB were included in group I, and 32 workers (64 ears) with pure tone average more than 20 dB were included in group II. All individuals were subjected to wideband tympanometry. Tympanometric peak pressure, equivalent ear canal volume, static acoustic admittance, resonance frequency, and absorbance ratios at peak pressure and ambient pressure values were analyzed.There was no difference between the groups in terms of traditional tympanometric parameters such as tympanometric peak pressure, equivalent ear canal volume, and static acoustic admittance (P.05). Resonance frequency of workers exposed to chronic noise (group I and group II) was lower than the control group (P.05). The absorbance ratios of workers exposed to chronic noise at approximately 4 kHz were lower in both peak pressures and ambient pressures (P.05).Chronic noise does not only damage the inner ear but also causes changes in the middle ear structures. Wideband tympanometry can be used to detect minor auditory damage due to noise that cannot be detected by audiogram early. In this way, necessary measures can be taken in the early period before noise-induced hearing loss occurs.

Among the dominant study topics in the fields architecture and design, housing spaces have recently become the major subject among various study fields such as investment, economy, and this has not only undergone a stylistic change but also a notional transformation by being placed on an interdisciplinary spot. Having started with the adventure of belonging to a place, although this adventure has been matched with special concepts such as privacy, belonging, and special space, it has evolved into objects designed and introduced independent of the user during this process. When this subject transformation is considered in the historical process of Turkey, it is clearly seen during and after the changes experienced in political and economic policies of 1980s. It would be true to state that the major objective of approaches that view everything as objects is creating a society of consumerism. The media have provided the biggest support in adapting the society to consumption.. In this context, how the media have played a role in introducing houses as objects of consumption over time has been mentioned. This study investigates this subject focusing on consumption and media in parallel to the changes experienced in a multifaceted context by getting beyond the interpretation of the transformation of housing spaces solely through an architectural perspective., Mimarlık ve tasarım alanının başat çalışma konularından olan barınma mekanları, günümüzde yatırım, ekonomi gibi farklı çalışma alanlarının da birincil konusu haline gelmiş, disiplinler arası bir yerde konumlanarak salt biçimsel değişime uğramamış aynı zamanda anlamsal dönüşüm yaşamıştır. Bir yere ait olma mücadelesi ile başlayan bu serüven zamanla mahremiyet, aidiyet, özel alan gibi kavramlar ile eşleşmesine karşın süreç içerisinde kullanıcısından bağımsız olarak tasarlanan ve sunulan nesnelere evrilmiştir. Söz konusu dönüşüm, Türkiye’nin tarihsel sürecinde ele alındığında, 1980’lerin siyasi ve ekonomik politikalarında yaşanan değişimler ve sonrasında açıkça görülmektedir. Her şeyin nesne olarak görülmesini esas alan yaklaşımların temel amacının tüketim toplumu yaratmak olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. Topluma tüketimi adapte etmekteki en büyük destek ise medya olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, konutun zamanla bir tüketim nesnesi olarak sunulmasında medyanın nasıl rol oynadığına değinilmiştir. Araştırma, pek çok farklı disiplinde kendisine yer bulan barınma mekanlarının dönüşümü sadece mimari bir perspektiften yorumlamaktan öteye geçerek, çok yönlü yaşanan değişimlere paralel olarak tüketim ve medya odağında ele alınmıştır.

This study was carried out to evaluate compositions of milk from Hair goat and Saanen x Hair goat crossbreed (F1) under semi-intensive conditions. The research was conducted on 20 Hair goats and 20 Saanen x Hair goat crossbreed (F1) at Farm for Research and Application of Van Yuzuncu Yil University in Turkey. All the experimental goats were 3 years old and were raised under semi-intensive conditions. In the current study, the average fat, non-fat solid, protein, lactose, total solids, lactic acid, pH values of Hair and crossbreed goat milks were 3.98%, 3.80%; 9.54%, 9.24%; 3.59%, 3.48%; 5.24%, 5.08%; 13.51%, 13.04%; 0.24%, 0.25%; 6.62, 6.64, respectively. Lactation stage had a significant influence (P

It is explained that the immorality of the world and the world, and the superiority of turning away from the world, and even a great virtue and virtue, are explained in the majority of moral books, especially in the Islamic world. The story, which is made up of the virtue and virtue in the works, mentioned by the concept of zuhd in the mentioned works, is expressed with verses and hadiths besides gentle and humorous, as well as gentle. The main goal in the writing of these works is to bring the Muslim society to moral maturity and make it happy in the world and the hereafter. In the third century, which started in the second century, Hijri al-Muhâsibi (d. 243/857), Zunnun el-Misri (d. 245/859), Ma'ruf el-Kerhi (d. 200/815), Seri es- Sakati (d. 251/865), Bisr el-Hâfi (d. 227/841), Baayezid-i Bestâmi (d. 234/848) and Cuneyd Bagdadi (d. 297/909), matured in the hands of the famous Sufis and in the following centuries. The tradition of praising the life of zuhd in the sense of turning away from the world, which was carried to the top with great Sufi and scholars such as 505/1111) continues today. When we look at the subject through the circumcision, which is the practice of the verses, it is understood that it is not suitable for Sunnah to turn a face to life from the world and that it will not be happy in the world and the hereafter. Because, according to the history, siyer and magazines books about the life of the Messenger of Allah, the Messenger of Allah, who most of the people claim to take as an example, warned his fellows who wanted to live a zuhd life by not pulling a hand-skirt from the world and saying that it is not me who turned away from my sunnah. This article focuses on the concept of the zuhd, which means leaving the world and being only engaged in worship, killing its nafs and being aunt of all desires and desires. The place of the Zuhd lifestyle in Islamic thought and whether it is suitable for Islamic teachings taken from the Sunnah is discussed.

This field study was conducted in face-to-face survey with 60 farm owners, having wrestling camels in Anatolia. According to the results, the average age for breeders, number of camels, duration of camel rearing and participation in camel wrestling were found to be 49.4±2.0 years, 2.5±0.6 head/farm, 18.9±1.9 years and 14.2±1.1 times/year, respectively. The total number of camels in these farms is 147 heads. The average land availability in the farm was determined as 74.0±12.7 decares. In the study, no statistically significant difference was found between the demographic features of breeders, place of residence, age, farm type and membership to breeder organizations, but significant differences were found between marriage status (p, Bu saha çalışması Anadolu’da güreş devesi yetiştiren 60 işletme sahibi ile yüz yüze anket çalışması şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre deve yetiştiricilerinin ortalama yaşları, deve sayısı, deve yetiştirme süresi ve deve güreşlerine katılma süresi sırasıyla 49.4±2.0 yıl, 2.5±0.6 baş/işletme, 18.9±1.9 yıl ve 14.2±1.1 kez/yıl olarak bulunmuştur. Bu işletmelerdeki toplam deve sayısı 147 baş’dır. İşletmelerde ortalama arazi varlığı ise 74.0±12.7 dekar olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada yetiştiricilerinin demografik özelliklerinden ikamet, yaş, işletme tipi ve yetiştirici örgütlerine üyelik özellikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmamasına karşın, medeni durum (p

Bu çalışmada, evlerimizin birer ferdi gibi yetiştirilen pet hayvanlarının mevcut durumu, beslenme şekilleri ve barınma şartları ile Alanya ve Mardin’deki pet hayvan sahiplerinin sosyo-demografik yapılarında ne gibi farklılıkların olduğunun tespit edilmesi ve pet hayvanı sahiplerinin pet hayvanı yetiştiriciliğine bakışlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma materyalini, Antalya ili Alanya ilçesinde ve Mardin ilinde yaşayan, yaşları 18-79 (ortalama 34.26) arasında değişen, pet kliniklerine gelen, rastgele belirlenmiş ve gönüllü olarak katılan, toplam 244 pet hayvan sahibi ile yüz yüze yapılan anket çalışmasından elde edilen veriler oluşturmuştur. Bu verilere göre; katılımcıların %43.6’sı Alanya, %56.4’ü ise Mardin’de yaşamaktadır. Ankete katılan pet hayvan sahiplerinin Alanya ve Mardin de sırasıyla; %51.9 ve %56.5’i erkek olduğu, ayrıca Alanya’da %56.6’sı bekâr iken Mardin’de %59.4 evli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pet hayvanı sahiplerinin Alanya’da %29.2’si diğer meslek grubunda iken Mardin’de %39.1’i memur olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların pet hayvanını Alanya’da %29.2’lik aynı oranla sokak ve pet shoptan sahiplenir iken Mardin’de %37.7’si arkadaşından sahiplendiği belirlenmiştir. Tatilde pet hayvanını Alanya’da %36.8’i arkadaşına bırakır iken, Mardin’de %46.4’ünün yanında götürdüğü tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, evlerimizin birer ferdi gibi yetiştirilen pet hayvanlarının durumu ve bulunduğu ortamlar farklı yerleşim yerlerinde benzer gibi görünse de, pet hayvan sahiplerinin sosyo-demografik yapılarında ve pet hayvanı yetiştiriciliğine bakışlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Soft continuum system-based robots which can interact with different environment are becoming a novel mechatronic system in varied fields. Many soft continuum robot can easily crawl, roll, steer, and climb. These innovatively designed systems are safe, effective and easy to control. In this study, two different soft continuum robotic prototypes are developed for locomotion in pipeline inspections. The motions of these soft robots were inspired from the locomotion behavior of the caterpillar. Unlike other types of soft robotic systems, the developed soft robots do not rely on pneumatic or hydraulic actuators, but can be operated electrically using nickel-titanium (NiTi)-based shape memory alloy (SMA) springs. These soft robot systems are fabricated via casting process using silicone elastomers. The linear locomotion profile of the soft robots are investigated carefully. Prismatic and tubular forms are used for designing of the soft robots to move within the pipelines via actuation of the NiTi shape memory alloy springs. The soft body of the robot systems are made of RTV-2 grade silicone rubber due to its hyperelastic response. A thermo-mechanical training process is applied on the NiTi SMA springs for achieving the linear motion inside of the silicone-based body. A microprocessor is used for creating the locomotion sequence of the soft robotic system. The periodic optimal locomotion sequence of the soft robots is determined by means of experimental investigations.

Bu çalışmada, atmosferik basınçta sülfürik asit çözeltisinde Meta Nikel Şirketi’ den (Gördes - Manisa) elde edilen lateritik cevherinin çözünmesi için optimum koşulları belirlemek amacıyla Taguchi Fraksiyonel Tasarım Yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sıcaklık, liç süresi, katı-sıvı oranı, sülfürik asit konsantrasyonu ve karıştırma hızı parametreler olarak seçilmiştir. Karıştırma yapılmaksızın en uygun çözünme koşulları, 95 °C' lik bir sıcaklık, 150 dakikalık liç süresi, 20 g cevher/100 mL çözelti olan katı/sıvı oranı, % 65 (w/v) sülfürik asit konsantrasyonu olarak bulundu. Optimum özütleme koşulları altında yapılan deneysel sonuçlar, lateritik cevherden nikel ekstraksiyonunun yaklaşık % 90 olduğunu göstermiştir. Deney sonuçlarına varyans analizi (ANOVA) uygulanmıştır. Her faktörün nikelin çözünmesine katkıları yüzde olarak belirlenmiştir.

Background and purpose We sought to understand why (-)-cannabidiol (CBD) and (-)-cannabidiol-dimethylheptyl (CBD-DMH) exhibit distinct pharmacology, despite near identical structures. Experimental approach HEK293A cells expressing either human type 1 cannabinoid (CB1 ) receptors or CB2 receptors were treated with CBD or CBD-DMH with or without the CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist CP55,940, CB1 receptor allosteric modulator Org27569 or CB2 receptor inverse agonist SR144528. Ligand binding, cAMP levels and βarrestin1 recruitment were measured. CBD and CBD-DMH binding was simulated with models of human CB1 or CB2 receptors, based on the recently published crystal structures of agonist-bound (5XRA) or antagonist-bound (5TGZ) human CB1 receptors. Key results At CB1 receptors, CBD was a negative allosteric modulator (NAM), and CBD-DMH was a mixed agonist/positive allosteric modulator. CBD and Org27569 shared multiple interacting residues in the antagonist-bound model of CB1 receptors (5TGZ) but shared a binding site with CP55,940 in the agonist-bound model of CB1 receptors (5XRA). The binding site for CBD-DMH in the CB1 receptor models overlapped with CP55,940 and Org27569. At CB2 receptors, CBD was a partial agonist, and CBD-DMH was a positive allosteric modulator of cAMP modulation but a NAM of βarrestin1 recruitment. CBD, CP55,940 and SR144528 shared a binding site in the CB2 receptor models that was separate from CBD-DMH. Conclusion and implications The pharmacological activity of CBD and CBD-DMH in HEK293A cells and their modelled binding sites at CB1 and CB2 receptors may explain their in vivo effects and illuminates the difficulties associated with the development of allosteric modulators for CB1 and CB2 receptors. Linked articles This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.

The use of clove oil (eugenol) as an anesthetic for Lake Van fish(Chalcalburnus tarichi), an endemic cyprinid fish species ofLake Van basin, was examined. Induction times were determined to be ≥35, 3, >4,>3, >4,>6 and >8 min clove oil can be considered as a suitable anesthetic for Chalcalburnus tarichi and an optimum anesthetic concentration of 50 mg/L is recommended.

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik algılarında kıdemlerinin etki büyüklüğünü belirlemektir. Türkiye’de okulda öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik algılarını konu alan yüksek lisans ve doktora tezi ile araştırma makalelerinden dâhil edilme kriterlerine uygun 33 çalışma ele alınmıştır. Çalışmalar kapsamındaki toplam örneklem sayısı 11.128 olup bunun 5.082’si kadın ve 6.046’sı erkek öğretmendir. Bu çalışmada, araştırma sonuçlarını sentezleme yöntemlerinden biri olan meta-analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda 10 yıl ve üstü kıdeme sahip öğretmenler lehine rastgele etkiler modeline göre (d=-0,08) göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı önemsiz düzeyde bir etki büyüklüğü belirlenmiştir. Yapılan moderatör analizi sonucunda yayın türüne (p=0,74), okul türüne (p=0,41), öğretim kademesine (p=0,53), araştırmanın yapıldığı bölgeye (p=0,33), öğretmenin unvanına (p=0,33) ve araştırmacının cinsiyetine (p=0,59) göre çalışmaların etki büyüklüklerinin farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir. Öğretim kademesi açısından okulöncesi eğitim (d=-0,32) ve özel eğitim (d=0,10) kademesinde çalışan 10 yıl ve üstü kıdeme sahip öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik algıları diğer kademede çalışan öğretmenlere göre daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Araştırmaların yapıldığı illerin yapıldığı bölgeler bağlamında Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesi (d=0,10) dışında yapılan araştırmaların sonuçları, 10 yıl ve üstü kıdeme sahip öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik algılarının yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca araştırmalara ait etki büyüklükleri açısından yıllar itibariyle kıdem farklılığında 10 yıl ve üstü kıdeme sahip öğretmenler lehine eğilimin devam ettiği görülmektedir.

Objective: Breast pain is a very common condition among young women. The aim of this study is to provide supplementary and specific data especially in addition to available literature informa-tion about the ultrasonographic findings and breast cancer risk in women younger than 40 years who applied to the breast outpatient clinic with isolated mastalgia, and had no breast cancer risk factor.Method: Ultrasonograpic examination results of women between dates 01/01/2011 and 01/01/2015, and contribution of ultrasonography to diagnostic procedure of breast cancer were retrospectively evaluated.Results: A total of 1066 patients were included in the study. There were 555 (52%) women with focal and 511 (48%) women with diffuse mastalgia. US examination revealed only 7 suspicious cases, all of whom were over 30 years of age. Of women with suspicious masses, 6 had focal mastalgia, and invasive cancer was diagnosed in 3 of cases after core biopsy. In only one patient in the diffuse mastalgia group a suspect mass was detected which revealed to be a benign lesion on histopathological examination of core biopsy specimenConclusion: Careful clinical examination may be adequate especially in women younger than 30 years of age who have no breast cancer risk factor, and only diffuse mastalgia complaint. However, possibility of breast cancer should be considered in women older than 30 years even they have no breast cancer risk factor, and no complaint other than focal mastalgia. Amaç: Meme ağrısı genç kadınlar arasında çok yaygın bir durumdur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, meme hastalıkları polikliniğine izole mastalji ile başvuran ve meme kanseri risk faktörü olmayan 40 yaşından küçük kadınlarda özellikle ultrasonografik bulgular ve meme kanseri riski hakkında mevcut literatür bilgilerinin yanı sıra ek ve spesifik veriler sağlamaktır.Yöntem: 01/01/2011 ve 01/01/2015 tarihleri arasında kadınların ultrasonografik inceleme sonuç-ları ve meme kanseri tanısında ultrasonografinin katkısı retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 1.066 hasta dâhil edildi. Fokal mastaljisi olan 555 (%52) kadın ve yaygın mastaljisi olan 511 (%48) kadın vardı. Ultrasonogafi muayenesinde, her biri 30 yaşın üze-rinde olan yalnızca 7 şüpheli olgu ortaya çıktı. Şüpheli kitleleri olan kadınların 6’sında fokal mas-talji vardı ve kor biyopsiden sonra 3 olguya invaziv kanser teşhisi konuldu. Yaygın mastalji grubun-da yalnızca 1 hastada şüpheli kitle vardı ve kor biyopside benign bir lezyon saptandı.Sonuç: Özellikle meme kanseri risk faktörü olmayan ve yalnızca yaygın mastalji yakınması olan 30 yaşından küçük kadınlarda dikkatli klinik muayene yeterli olabilir. Bununla birlikte, meme kanseri risk faktörü olmayan ve fokal mastalji dışında hiçbir şikayeti olmayan 30 yaşından büyük kadın-larda meme kanseri olasılığı göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

This paper reviews the current status of Turkish silkworm genetic resources and activities being undertaken for their conservation. Silk production and the trade in silk have been important activities in Turkey, which lies on the ancient Silk Road, for many hundreds of years. Current production of silk is on the rise after a period of very low production. Turkey has a well-established programme of conservation and development of all of its domestic animal genetic resources, of which silkworm is considered a constituent part. Three distinct lines of native silkworm have been registered with the national standards body, the Turkish Standards Institute. Distribution of silkworm germplasm is regulated by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock through Cooperative Unions which have more than 10,000 members. Renewed and increased international demand for natural and biological products is favourable to Turkey’s silkworm industry. The prognosis for the future development of silk production is strongly positive.

Located at the boundaries of Europe and Asia, Turkey is home to an extraordinary variety of domestic animal species and breeds that include bees, camels, cats, cattle, dogs, domestic fowl, donkeys, ducks, goats, geese, horses, mules, pigs, rabbits, sheep, silkworms, water buffalo and several species of domestic birds (partridge, pheasant, pigeon and ostrich). In addition to the clearly distinct Angora and Van cat breeds a short-haired nondescript cat breed is found throughout Turkey. As well as private household ownership, Angora cats have been raised at Ankara Zoo which has belonged to the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock since 1939. The Van cat is raised at the Van Cat Research Centre at Yuzuncu Yil University in Van Province which also has a small clinic for the cats. There is a risk of extinction for the Angora and Van breeds but none for the short-haired nondescript type. This paper reviews social aspects, the genetic resources and conservation status of the native cat breeds of Turkey.

The aim of this study was to determine the potentialeffect of non-genetic factors on certain production characteristics of Hairgoats raised under semi-intensive management and dry- sub humid conditions, andto investigate phenotypic correlations between these traits. A generalizedlinear model was used to investigate the effect of non-genetic factors ongestation length (GL), number of services per conception (NSPC), lactationlength (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY) and daily milk yield (DMY), while theChi-square method was used to evaluate other fertility parameters. Thepregnancy rate, birth rate and single-birth rate in the Traditional Group werehigher, while the infertility rate and NSPC were lower, than those in theArtificial Group (P, Bu çalışmanın amacı, yarıentansif ve kurak az nemli iklimkoşullarında yetiştirilen Kıl keçilerinin döl verimi ve süt verimi üzerinegenetik olmayan faktörlerin etkisini belirlemek ve bu faktörler arasındakifenotipik korelasyonu araştırmaktır. Gebelik süresi (GL), gebelik başına düşentohumlama sayısı (NSPC), laktasyon uzunluğu (LL), laskyason süt verimi (LMY) vegünlük süt verimi (DMY) üzerine genetik olmayan faktörlerindeğerlendirilmesinde Genear linear model, diğer döl verim parametrelerinindeğerlendirilmesinde ise Chi-square metodu kullanılmıştır. Tabii tohumlamayapılan gruptaki keçilerin gebelik oranı, doğu m oranı ve tek doğum oranı suni tohumlama uygulananlardan daha yüksekiken, NSPC sayısı daha düşüktür. Yaş arttıkça LL, LMY ve DMY artmış(P

We introduce a prototype testing framework as an extension of JUnit for testing actor-based systems. Our framework runs a given JUnit test in various schedules and records the execution trace for each run. In case a failure is observed during one of the test runs, the corresponding execution trace is compared with those traces associated with passed test runs. The sequence of exchanged messages that are different with respect to these runs are extracted. A UML sequence diagram is automatically generated to depict this sequence. Hence, the developer can observe the interleaving of messages that caused the failure. We illustrated the application of our framework on two sample actor-based software systems.

Body weight of dogs is crucial trait for breeding, racing and housekeeping. However, variables and factors that correctly estimate this trait are lacking. Here, we applied classification and regression tree (CART) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) approaches to estimate the most important variables in predicting the body weight of Turkish Tazi dogs. Using various body measurements, the CART algorithm proposed that withers height (WH), abdominal width (AW), rump height (RH) and chest depth (CD) can significant effect the body weight. Quantitatively, it was identified that values of WH > 62.500 cm and RH > 67.500 cm can positively correlated with the highest body weights. On the other hands, MARS model's finding showed that the dogs which had the values of WH > 51 cm can be expected to have the highest body weights. The calculated model evaluation criteria of CART algorithm was R2=0.6889, Adj. R2=0.6810, r=0.830, SD ratio=0.5549, RMSE=1.1802, RRMSE=6.3838 and p=3.4884, respectively, whereas the calculated model evaluation criteria of MARS method were R2=0.9193, Adj. R2=0.8983, r=0.9588, SD ratio=0.2840, RMSE=0.6041, RRMSE=3.2635 and rho=1.6661. Taken together, the MARS algorithm appeared to be efficient compared to CART algorithm since the MARS algorithm's goodness of-fit criteria yielded better results. Using MARS algorithm, the body weight of animals (dogs) can be predicted and exploited in different performances.

Arslan, Mikail (Balikesir Author), The study carried out at Dort Mevsim Meat Integrated Facility in Susurluk district, Balikesir province, Turkey. In each genotype, there were 20 male lambs. Suffolk and German Mutton Merino lambs were subjected to fattening for 70 days. At the end of the trial, 6 male lambs from each genotype were slaughtered. Slaughter weight, ADG, concentrate feed efficiency, hot carcass weight, chilling carcass weight, hot dressing percentage and chilling dressing percentage were 43.9 kg, 301 g, 3.44 kg, 23.18 kg, 22.24 kg, 52.80 % and 50.66 % in Suffolk lambs; these values were 43.1 kg, 296 g, 3.86 kg, 21.85 kg, 20.89 kg, 50.70 % and 48.47 % in German Mutton Merino lambs, respectively. Hot and chilling carcass weights of Suffolk and German Mutton Merino lambs were significantly different (P

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to understand why (−)‐cannabidiol (CBD) and (−)‐cannabidiol‐dimethylheptyl (CBD‐DMH) exhibit distinct pharmacology, despite near identical structures. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: HEK293A cells expressing either human type 1 cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptors or CB(2) receptors were treated with CBD or CBD‐DMH with or without the CB(1) and CB(2) receptor agonist CP55,940, CB(1) receptor allosteric modulator Org27569 or CB(2) receptor inverse agonist SR144528. Ligand binding, cAMP levels and βarrestin1 recruitment were measured. CBD and CBD‐DMH binding was simulated with models of human CB(1) or CB(2) receptors, based on the recently published crystal structures of agonist‐bound (5XRA) or antagonist‐bound (5TGZ) human CB(1) receptors. KEY RESULTS: At CB(1) receptors, CBD was a negative allosteric modulator (NAM), and CBD‐DMH was a mixed agonist/positive allosteric modulator. CBD and Org27569 shared multiple interacting residues in the antagonist‐bound model of CB(1) receptors (5TGZ) but shared a binding site with CP55,940 in the agonist‐bound model of CB(1) receptors (5XRA). The binding site for CBD‐DMH in the CB(1) receptor models overlapped with CP55,940 and Org27569. At CB(2) receptors, CBD was a partial agonist, and CBD‐DMH was a positive allosteric modulator of cAMP modulation but a NAM of βarrestin1 recruitment. CBD, CP55,940 and SR144528 shared a binding site in the CB(2) receptor models that was separate from CBD‐DMH. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The pharmacological activity of CBD and CBD‐DMH in HEK293A cells and their modelled binding sites at CB(1) and CB(2) receptors may explain their in vivo effects and illuminates the difficulties associated with the development of allosteric modulators for CB(1) and CB(2) receptors. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on 8(th) European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc

Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, which can result in chronic lung disease. The sequence of events leading to lung disease is not fully understood but recent data show that the critical pathogenic event is the loss of the ability to clear bacteria due to abnormal airway surface liquid secretion (ASL). However, whether the inhalation of bacteria triggers ASL secretion and whether this is abnormal in cystic fibrosis has never been tested. Here we show, using a novel synchrotron-based in vivo imaging technique, that wild-type pigs display both a basal and a Toll-like receptor-mediated ASL secretory response to the inhalation of cystic fibrosis relevant bacteria. Both mechanisms fail in CFTR−/− swine, suggesting that cystic fibrosis airways do not respond to inhaled pathogens, thus favoring infection and inflammation that may eventually lead to tissue remodeling and respiratory disease., Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR chloride channel, leading to reduced airway surface liquid secretion. Here the authors show that exposure to bacteria triggers secretion in wild-type but not in pig models of cystic fibrosis, suggesting an impaired response to pathogens contributes to infection.

WOS: 000404831800001, Van cats are animals that often become the centre of attention due to their white hair, colourful eyes, and affectionate attitudes. However, it is nearly impossible to find research studies on the reproductive behaviours of Van cats. We conducted this study with the purpose of revealing the breeding efficiency properties and survival rates of Van cats. The study materials consisted of Van cats in the Van Cat Home of Yuzuncu Yil University's Van Cats Research Center. We determined the breeding efficiency properties using records obtained from 56 female cats over the course of four years. As a result of the study, we determined that the durations of oestrus, pregnancy, and lactation in Van cats were, respectively, 2.41 +/- 0.09, 63.75 +/- 0.27, and 98.45 +/- 1.18 days. We also determined the average number of kittens per delivery and the mating per pregnancy as, respectively, 3.30 +/- 0.19 and 13.71 +/- 0.74. In this study, we recorded the presence of 56 delivering cats, with a total of 185 kittens, 22 of which were dead (11.89%), and an 88.11% survival rate (%). The most common delivery type was twin deliveries (30%), and the highest rate of stillbirths was 4.86% in quadruplet deliveries.

Growth models present a visual assessment of growth as a function of time and predict body weight at a specific age. We investigated the growth characteristics of Colored Mohair goat using four nonlinear growth models. Thirty (n=22 males and n=8 females) Colored Mohair kids were used. The kids were weighed at 2-week intervals from birth to 150 days. The Monomolecular, Gompertz, Richards and Three Parameter Logistic models were used. The best model was determined by considering the root mean square error, R-2% and asymptotic correlation coefficient criteria. We concluded that the Gompertz and Richards models were favourable for singletons and that the Richards model was favorable for determining twin Colored Mohair goat growth characteristics. Birth type should be considered in subsequent genetic evaluations. Furthermore, producing heavier carcasses (13-17 kg) in < 150 days may increase productivity and efficiency of the goat farming system.

kucuk, mursel/0000-0002-0544-444X; BOLACALI, Memis/0000-0002-4196-2359 WOS: 000428048400049 The aim of the study was to determine various morphological characteristics from birth to the age of 150th day of Boer x Hair goat F1 crossbred (BH) kids and pure Hair goat (HG) kids raised in semi-intensive conditions and reveal factors such as the effects of genotype, dam age, dam's live weight, year, birth type and sex on this parameter. This study was applied between the years 2011-2012 in epsilon atak in the Van region and between the years 2013-2014 at the Yuzuncu Yil University Research and Practice Farm. Various body measurements; wither height, back height, rump height, sacrum height, body length, chest length, chest depth, chest circumference, circumference of leg, cannon bone circumference, chest width, front-rump width, mid-rump width were determined 29.8, 28.4, 28.7, 26.2, 28.7, 17.0, 13.3, 30.4, 26.9, 5.2, 5.9, 6.0, and 8.7 cm at birth, respectively; 43.8, 43.8, 44.6, 40.6, 43.6, 22.2, 19.3, 51.7, 41.4, 6.6, 9.2, 9.3, and 11.3 cm at 60th day, respectively; 56.1, 53.4, 54.4, 47.5, 53.3, 27.3, 24.1, 61.4, 49.6, 7.3, 10.6, 11.1, and 13.2 cm at 150th day, respectively for BH kids; 27.3, 25.9, 29.3, 25.3, 27.1, 15.9, 12.3, 29.0, 21.3, 5.1, 5.0, 5.6, and 7.4 cm at birth, respectively; 40.4, 40.1, 42.9, 37.6, 40.5, 22.3, 18.4, 48.1, 36.4, 6.0, 7.9, 9.1, and 10.8 cm at 60th day, respectively; 50.3, 49.2, 51.0, 45.7, 50.4, 27.5, 22.9, 57.3, 43.4, 6.5, 9.5, 10.7, and 11.9 cm at 150th day, respectively for HG kids. When all of the data was considered, it was concluded that the BH kids are much better than the HG kids for both morphological and zoometric values.

Within the scope of the thesis study, the homeless, who have found themselves a place especially in sociology today, has been analyzed by associating with the field of interior architecture. In the study, meaning of the term homelessness and its various meanings in different countries and cultures have been investigated. In this direction, the concepts of homelessness and poverty have attracted attention and the relationship between them have been tried to be determined. It has been determined what the person needs to realize the ideal experience of the individual in the direction of the determined data, by identifying the 'things' of which the homeless and the poor are deprived. The research will examine the initiatives undertaken in order to resolve the problem of housing in Ankara for individuals deprived of shelter. This study aims to present a permanent spatial solution proposal for the homeless, who are presently faced as an important social problem and gradually increasing. Within the scope of the study, it is planned to present a new low-cost housing project as an alternative to Ankara Metropolitan Municipality Shelter for the homeless who are trying to maintain their lives in Ankara. An alternative shelter proposal will be developed by examining through the House of Commons serving under Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. Ankara Metropolitan Municipality Shelter, located in the Ulus district, will be examined and face-to-face interviews will be held within the framework of the questions prepared by the researcher with the resident homeless individuals and authorities. In addition, the interior and exterior environment of the Shelter will be observed and documented with photograph. Ankara Metropolitan Municipality Shelter was chosen because it is the only public institution in Ankara that serves the homeless. Considering thedeficiencies determined in the direction of the examinations carried out and expectations of the user, user's expectations, an alternative housing design for Ankara province has been prepared. Though the module presented as an alternative has been fictionalized for Ankara, it can be adapted to different geographies and users . As a result, the problem of homelessness has been examined from a point of view which has not been addressed much before. Within the scope of the thesis study, a flexible building module which may propose a permanent solution for the homeless is designed. The traditional space perception has been tried to be broken in the design, and the interfluent spaces have been fictionalized without separating the spaces with the separators. However, the designed module is not just thought as form-focused. When the design is performed, it is not considered as independent from the user. Thus, going beyond to designing an object for the homeless, a flexible space design that can be diversified in line with the user and users’ needs has been proposed by investigating the relation between the user and space. Key Words Shelter, Modularity, Flexibility, Design, Homelessness, Interior Architecture KABUL VE ONAY i BİLDİRİM ii YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI iii ÖZET iv ABSTRACT vi TEŞEKKÜR viii İÇİNDEKİLER ix TABLOLAR DİZİNİ xi ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ xii 1.BÖLÜM: GİRİŞ 1 1.1.ARAŞTIRMANIN KONUSU VE PROBLEMİN SAPTANMASI 2 1.2. ARAŞTIRMANIN AMACI 4 1.3. ARAŞTIRMANIN KAPSAM VE YÖNTEMİ 6 2. BÖLÜM: EVSİZLERİN BARINMA İHTİYACINI GİDERMEK İÇİN OLUŞTURULAN MEKÂNLAR 9 2.1. BİR KARA DELİK: EVSİZLİK 9 2.2. EVSİZLER İÇİN YAPILAN UYGULAMALAR 31 2.2.1. ANKARA’DA EVSİZLERE YÖNELİK DEVLET TARAFINDAN GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLEN ÇALIŞMALAR 46 3.BÖLÜM: ALAN/SAHA ÇALIŞMASI 51 3.1. ANKARA BÜYÜKŞEHİR BELEDİYESİ BARINMA EVİ ANALİZİ 51 3.2 GÖRÜŞMELER 73 3.3. BÖLÜM DEĞERLENDİRMESİ 77 4. BÖLÜM: EVSİZ BİREYLERİN BARINMA İHTİYACINA YÖNELİK MEKAN TASARIMI ÖNERİSİ 79 4.1. BARINMA SORUNUN BERABERİNDE GETİRDİĞİ YOKSUNLUKLAR………………………………………………………………...82 4.2. KULLANICI VE MEKAN BÜTÜNLÜĞÜ 85 4.3. KULLANICI ODAKLI MODÜLER MEKAN ÖNERİSİ 89 5. BÖLÜM: DEĞERLENDİRME VE SONUÇ 102 KAYNAKÇA 110 EK- 1 MÜLAKAT METNİ 117 EK-2 BARINMA EVİ YETKİLİLERİ İLE İLGİLİ GENEL BİLGİ EDİNME SORULARI 118 EK-3 GÖNÜLLÜ KATILIM FORMU 119 EK-4 TEZ ÇALIŞMASI ETİK KURUL İZİN MUAFİYET FORMU 120 Tez çalışması kapsamında, günümüzde özellikle sosyoloji bilim dalında kendine yer bulmuş olan evsizler, iç mimarlık alanı ile ilişkilendirilerek incelenmiştir. Çalışmada evsizlik teriminin anlamı ve bu terimin farklı ülkelerde, kültürlerde hangi anlamlara büründüğü irdelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda evsizlik ve yoksulluk kavramları dikkati çekmiş ve aralarında ilişki saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Evsiz ve yoksul bireylerin yoksun olduğu ‘şey’ler saptanarak, tespit edilen veriler doğrultusunda bireyin ideal yaşantısını gerçekleştirmek için nelere ihtiyacı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada, barınacak “yer”den yoksun bireyler için Ankara özelinde barınma sorununu gidermek adına yapılan girişimler incelenecektir. Bu çalışmada, günümüzde önemli bir sosyal sorun olarak karşımıza çıkan ve giderek artmakta olan evsizler için kalıcı bir mekânsal çözüm önerisi sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra; Ankara ilinde hayatını sürdürmeye çalışan evsizler için Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi Barınma Evi’ne alternatif oluşturabilecek düşük maliyetli yeni bir Barınma Evi projesi sunulması planlanmaktadır. Alternatif bir barınma evi önerisi, Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi’ne bağlı hizmet veren Barınma Evi üzerinden incelenerek geliştirilecektir. Ulus semtinde yer alan Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi Barınma Evi incelenecek, burada kalan evsiz bireyler ve yetkililer ile, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmış olan sorular çerçevesinde yüz yüze görüşme yapılacaktır. Bunun yanı sıra Barınma Evi’nin iç ve dış mekanları gözlemlenecek ve fotoğraf ile belgelenecektir. Söz konusu Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi Barınma Evi; Ankara’da evsizlere hizmet veren tek kamu kurumu olması sebebiyle seçilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen incelemeler doğrultusunda saptanan eksiklikler, kullanıcının beklentileri göz önüne alınarak, Ankara ili özelinde alternatif bir barınma evi tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alternatif olarak sunulan modül her ne kadar Ankara ili için kurgulansan da farklı coğrafya ve kullanıcılara göre uyarlanabilmesine dikkat edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, evsizlik sorunu daha önceden pek fazla ele alınmayan bir açıdan incelenmiştir. Tez çalışması kapsamında, evsizler için kalıcı çözüm önerisi sunabilecek esnek yapı modülü tasarlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen tasarımda geleneksel mekan algısı kırılmaya çalışılmış, mekanlar bölücüler ile ayrılmadan birbirine akan mekanlar kurgulanmıştır. Fakat tasarlanan modül, sadece form odaklı düşünülmemiştir. Tasarım gerçekleştirilirken, kullanıcıdan bağımsız düşünülmemiştir. Böylelikle, evsizlere yönelik bir nesne tasarlamaktan öte, kullanıcı ve mekan ilişkisi irdelenerek; kullanıcı ve ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda çeşitlendirilebilen esnek bir mekan tasarımı önerisi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler Barınma Evi, Modülerlik, Esneklik, Tasarım, Evsizlik, İç Mimarlık

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Plantago major’s (P.major) water extract added into broiler diets at different levels on serum protein fractions. A total of 112 Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in the study. Experiment consisted of control and 3 treatment groups with a 28 chicks within each group. Each experimental group was divided into four subgroups consisting of 4 chicks. A basal (control) diet was prepared and three experimental diets were established by addition of P.major into basal diet; P.major 1 (5 g/kg feed), P.major 2 (10 g/kg feed), P.major 3 (15 g/kg feed). Broiler chicks were fed with these diets for 42 days ad libitum. Total protein levels of P.major 3 group were lower than other groups and controls. It was determined that the albumin percentages and levels became decreased in a significant ratio in the P.major 1 and P.major 2, (P

kucuk, mursel/0000-0002-0544-444X; BOLACALI, Memis/0000-0002-4196-2359 WOS: 000422711500001 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genotype and non-genetic factors on the growth traits and survival rates of Turkish indigenous Hair goats (n=63) and their first crosses with Boer bucks (n=91), reared under a semi-intensive management system in the Van province of Turkey. The live weights of the kids at birth and on days 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 were determined to be 3.64, 8.89, 13.99, 18.97, 23.62, 27.22 and 30.44 kg, respectively. The average daily gains in the pre-weaning, post-weaning and overall periods were 171.09, 136.43 and 148.34 g, respectively. The multiple-birth kids had lower survival rates than the single-birth kids (P

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Several organs are affected in CF, but most of the morbidity and mortality comes from lung disease. Recent data show that the initial consequence of CFTR mutation is the failure to eradicate bacteria before the development of inflammation and airway remodeling. Bacterial clearance depends on a layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) consisting of both a mucus layer that traps, kills, and inactivates bacteria and a periciliary liquid layer that keeps the mucus at an optimum distance from the underlying epithelia, to maximize ciliary motility and clearance of bacteria. The airways in CF patients and animal models of CF demonstrate abnormal ASL secretion and reduced antimicrobial properties. Thus, it has been proposed that abnormal ASL secretion in response to bacteria may facilitate the development of the infection and inflammation that characterize CF airway disease. Whether the inhalation of bacteria triggers ASL secretion, and the role of CFTR, have never been tested, however. We developed a synchrotron-based imaging technique to visualize the ASL layer and measure the effect of bacteria on ASL secretion. We show that the introduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria into the lumen of intact isolated swine tracheas triggers CFTR-dependent ASL secretion by the submucosal glands. This response requires expression of the bacterial protein flagellin. In patients with CF, the inhalation of bacteria would fail to trigger ASL secretion, leading to infection and inflammation.