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The topicality of the problem. One of the main tasks of higher education institutions of non-artistic orientation is creating conditions for the formation of thecreative personality of student youth by involving them in various types of amateur art. Participation in choral cultural and leisure groups will promote the realization of natural abilities and talents of the individual, as well as the acquisition of the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities of interpersonal interaction by mastering and manifesting in public the best examples of choral music. Therefore, it is important to clarify sense and student choral activity organizational structure as a specific art phenomenon. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the student choral activity organizational structure, clarify its sense and show its educational potential as an effective means of personality socialization. The task is to analyze the scientific sources of the problem. Methods. of the article, The following general scientific theoretical methods are used in the article according to defined tasks: art history analysis, educational and psychological literature. Results. It was clarified that the student choral activity organizational structure shows poly-functional artistic and creative activity, which meaning is accomplished in the integration of pedagogical, developmental, and recreational functions, aimed at activation and creative development of personality. It was proved that the organizational structure of the phenomenon is seen as a summation of strong connections and consists of the following interconnected directions of artistic and creative activity: organizational, social and cultural determination, organizational forms of artistic and creative activity, common activity, moral and ethical and psychological comfort, interpersonal relations, intergroup connections, leading of choral activity. It was justified, that student choral activity organizational structure and mechanisms of interaction between its participants are arisen and defined by the practice of choral singing, they depend on the style, methods, and systems of a ruling of this process. Perspectives. Our scientific research of student choral activity organizational structure revealed the diversity of specific features, which need a further scientific generalization of highlighting aspects of real artistic practice in conditions of modern social and cultural reality., Розглянуто структуру організації студентської хорової самодіяльності. Розкрито педагогічну сутність і зміст даного поняття як суб’єкта виховання. З’ясовано, що структура організації студентської хорової самодіяльності відображає поліфункіональну художньо-творчу діяльність, зміст якої розкривається в інтеграції виховної, розвивальної та рекреаційної функцій, спрямованих на активізацію і творчий розвиток особистості. Обґрунтовано, що структура організації зазначеного феномену розглядається як сукупність стійких зв’язків і складається із взаємопов’язаних напрямів художньо-творчої діяльності – її підструктур: організаційної, соціокультурної спрямованості, організаційних форм художньо-творчої діяльності, спільної діяльності, морально-етичного і психологічного комфорту, міжособистісних відносин, міжколективних зв’язків, керівництва хоровою самодіяльністю. Зазначені підструктури мають взаємозалежний характер і відображають творчу взаємодію учасників хорової самодіяльності.

This study aimed at establishing determinants of strategy implementation on the organization performance of airlines industry in Kenya moderated by liberalization policy. The study intended to establish the extent to which organization structure determine performance of kenya airline industry. Systematic random sampling was used to select the managers who participated in this study who formed the unit of observation. In each airline selected, a selfadministered questionnaire was then used to collect data from 200 respondents who were managers of the airlines. Data was analyzed and presented through descriptive statistics that is; mean scores, variances, standard deviation probit regression and inferential statistics namely; correlation and regression results were used to present the data, while bivariate correlations and regression results were also used to test the hypotheses. The study established that be concluded that the relationship between organization structure and strategy implementation and is negatively effective in the airlines industry, {"references":["Sorooshian, S., Norzima, Z., Yusof, I., & Rosnah, R. (2010). Effect analysis on strategy implementation drivers. Iran: World Applied Sciences Journal, 11(10), 1255-1261.","Antonio, J.M., Castro, H. & Oliveria, E. (2010). Disruption Management in Airline Operation Control-an Intelligent Based Approach. in Zeeshan Ul-hassan Usmani PhD editor, web Intelligence and intelligent Agents.","Carter, T. & Pucko, D. (2010). Factors of effective strategy implementation: Empirical evidence from Slovenian business practice. Journal for East European Management Studies, 15(3), 207-236","Afraa, (2017). African wings, Pan-african journal of air transport, No.37 May-July, Retrieved from: http://www.afraa.org/index.php?option=com k2 &view =item&id =462:africa-wings-magazine-may-jul-2017- issue-37","IATA. (2013). Profitability and the air transport value chain. Economics Briefing N0 10, Retrieved from http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents /economics/ profitability-and-the-air-transportvalue%20chain.pdf","Genc, E. (2017). Strategy Implementation, Organizational Culture and Performance in Turkish Local Government, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Cardiff University","Mintzberg, H. (1994). The fall and Rise of strategic planning. Havard Business Review, 107-14"]}

Innovation departments in fast-changing environments face the urge of harmonizing continuous product development with the preservation and uninterrupted operation of the existing product portfolio.Resulting from the lack of responsiveness and high operational strain, traditional organization structures are not always suitable to meet these needs, creating the demand for alternative organization setups.Thus, this thesis aims to provide an overview of organizational setups that have been developed to support organizational responsiveness, and elements that allow the creation of an appropriate setup of innovative organizations. All based on the assumption that a correlation exists between meeting anorganization’s demands for operational agility and their innovative capabilities. The thesis distinguishes between the organization structure that creates the framework and enables operations, and the procedural organization that guides dynamic operational processes and responsibilities.Building on literature research, approaches to traditional and responsive organization design are identified and elaborated. By confronting these with their limitations and practical challenges, the beneficial constituents of responsive setups are carved out. Confronting these elements with the challenges derived from interviews with an innovation organization, these insights lead the discovery of organizational contributors to the organizational responsiveness, hence innovative capabilities of an organization.The work results in an extensive overview of existing responsive organization approaches supplemented with a set of empirical insights originating from case studies. Furthermore, a comparison of the practical challenges of an innovation department and the common characteristics of responsive organization setups is drawn to evaluate the practical relevance of the identified responsive characteristics.The aspect that reoccurred in different manifestations, in both responsive organization theories and casestudies, is distribution. Such ranges from procedural responsibilities to managerial authority, as well asstructural to procedural organization. It appears to be a common theme when overcoming practical challenges with responsive organization approaches as the flexibilization is achieved by independently leveraging different constituents of an organization. Hereby, the underlying organization structuresupports the operational organization by fulfilling general static functions and enabling a higher degree offlexibility by reducing the amount of static aspects within the organization.

The study continues the study of the fundamental characteristics of models of viable systems conducted by the authors. The current issues of construction, reorganization and preservation of the life-incapable structure of a higher educational institution - university U, representing a recursive active subsystem of the educational environment, which is part of the universe-society, are considered. The formalized definitions of an absolutely viable, viable, conditionally viable and non-viable system are given, allowing from a mathematical point of view to assess the optimality of the structure and the efficiency of the system functioning. The analysis of the structure and functioning of a viable university is implemented in the conceptual framework of foresight design based on logframe technologies, which makes it possible to create a system that meets the strategic goals of the universe and the tactical settings of the educational environment. In the process of describing logframe methods based on the foresight approach, real risk situations arising in the modern education system, the university environment and higher educational institutions due to economic, social, managerial and psychological factors of the impact of external and internal environments of recursive active systems are significantly taken into account. The presented conceptual schemes allow us to take into account not only the structural features of the educational organization, but also the psychosocial situation in the team, which determines the stimulating and motivational aspects of personnel management. Examples of higher educational institutions are given, whose structures and training procedures have effectively met and continue to meet the needs and goals of the universe for several successive technological structures, remaining advanced educational and scientific-educational systems of the world level. A brief overview of research and practices in the presented field of knowledge is given, based on the approaches and methods of teaching, scientific and teaching experience of the authors. The presented material is useful for the process of formalization of conceptual aspects of the theory of viable systems, classification of risk situations in the educational process, adaptation of foresight and logframe technologies to the practice of diagnosing and designing effective educational structures that meet the modern socio-economic requirements of technological structures of developed societies.

The paper considers the actual problems of increasing the competitiveness of the organization due to organizational changes in the conditions of restrictions associated with the pandemic. The importance of organizational efficiency as a significant factor in improving competitiveness has been shown. The impact of changes related to work in the conditions of a pandemic for various types of organizations characteristic of transport enterprises has been considered based on multi-agency models. The dependence of the drop in efficiency in the conditions of a decrease in the communication flow for various types of organizations in a changing external environment has been determined. The influence of the individual efficiency of employees on the effectiveness of the organization as a whole has been analyzed. Strategies for compensating for the drop in efficiency under new conditions have been considered and the conditions of their applicability have been determined. A variant of improving organizational efficiency using "communication brokers" has been proposed, the conditions for its most effective use for various types of organizations have been determined.

Background: The increase in the competitiveness on the sports market forces elaboration of the proper organization structure in sports clubs. In 2011 Lech Poznan Club found itself in a situation which was inadequate to its ambition. The aim of this work is to present the influence of the implemented organization structure changes on the process of club management. Material and methods: The subject of the research was the Lech Poznan club and its organization structure between 2011 and 2014. The applied research methods were the interview and the survey questionnaire. Results: The introduction and the strategy realization, as well as the clear distribution of tasks were visible in the process of the changes in the organization structures. The success of those actions may be verified on the basis of the results of the end of season 2014/15. Conclusions: The conducted research shows that the Lech Poznan football club experienced transformation between 2011 and 2014. This transformation was adequate to the current trends of the sports club management, and it has permitted the club to win the Polish football championship.

Over the last 40 years, organizational scholars have repeatedly called for more research to reconcile formalist and social network approaches to the intra-organizational structure. The former has primarily been concerned with the reporting relationship which manifests as the chain of command while research on the informal social structure relegates the reporting relationship to a wide and varied range of instrumental and affective relationships such as advice-seeking, knowledge-sharing, trust, and friendship which span the boundaries that the chain of command defines. In this study, we employ thechain of command distance—the length along the chain of command of a path connecting a pair of organizational actors—as the basis for formulating and testing hypotheses about how the formal organization and the informal social structure influence one another. First, we argue that whereas the formal structure affords only one, often very lengthy, path between any pair of actors, thecombinationof formal and informal structures results in a greater number of significantly shorter paths between actors. Next, we consider one effect of the formal organization on the informal social structure. In particular, we argue that there is an inverse relationship between the chain of command distance and the likelihood of a social or informal connection forming between a pair of actors. We test our hypotheses with demographic data collected from a public sector provider of health, education, and welfare services in rural Norway.

Energy entropy is the "highest" indicator of the state of an organization, developing the ideas of efficiency and value. The integrity of energy entropy implies taking into consideration the level of order in an organization (information entropy) along with the ability to "release" effectively the energy for useful work. Versatility is ensured by the independence on a kind of activity of an organization. The formalization of energy entropy of organizations was proposed. According to the proposed approach, energy entropy is determined by an increase in total energy and its comparison with the "ideal" option; the level of free energy and information entropy that reflects the ability of the organization’s structure to ensure certain results. Incoming and outgoing (free) energy are considered as the main parameters of the organization’s state. Their combination determines the growth of energy, a set of possible combinations – information entropy. The scheme of changes in time of the main "energy parameters" of an organization (total energy, free energy, incoming energy) was identified. Two main variants of energy increase dynamics – uniform growth and growth with acceleration (slowdown) were represented. Experimental studies, which involved considering the most possible variants of dynamics of influencing parameters, were carried out. The effect of different combinations of their dynamics (simultaneous growth/decrease, growth/decrease at different rates) on the dynamics of energy entropy was analyzed. It was established that an increase in a share of free energy does not provide an outflow of energy entropy without reducing a degree of uncertainty of the results expressed in a decrease in information entropy. Conclusions about the necessary dynamics of influencing parameters to ensure the vital activity of an organization according to the energy entropy concept were made

Studiens formål er å belyse hvilke utfordringer lederne på et operasjonelt nivå møter når gender settes på agendaen ved FN-misjonen på Kypros (UNFICYP), samt om lederne gjør tiltak for å minimere utfordringene. Bakgrunnen for dette er at UNFICYP har en forpliktelse gitt i FN-resolusjon 1325 om å implementere gender-perspektivet i sitt daglige virke i den hensikt å øke effekten av misjonen og oppdragene. Fokuset i studien har derfor vært på ledernes perspektiver, opplevelser og tanker rundt situasjonen, da det er de som har ansvar for selve implementeringen. Det teoretiske rammeverket for studien er basert på organisasjonsteori innenfor organisasjonsdimensjonene struktur, kultur og funksjonalitet. Videre har kvalitativ metode med semistrukturerte dybdeintervjuer og dokumentanalyse blitt benyttet som datainnsamlingsmetode. Utfordringene som belyses i denne studien er flere, blant annet ulik tolkning og forståelse av viktigheten av begrepet gender og gender-perspektivet i misjonen på ulike ledelsesnivåer. Videre er det utfordringer knyttet til strukturen ved at rammeverket er vanskelig å tolke, fokuset er negativt rettet mot kvotering av kvinner og måltall, samt at det tildeles for lite ressurser i arbeidet med implementeringen. Innenfor kultur er det utfordringer ved at misjonen preges av en tradisjonell militær kultur, hvor kvinner ikke anses som nødvendige for suksess i militære operasjoner og som følge av tokenisme. En differensiert organisasjonskultur og hyppige rotasjoner av personell vanskeliggjør videre prosessen med å påvirke de ansattes syn på gender-perspektivet. Innenfor funksjonalitet er det også utfordringer knyttet til at aktivitetene som skal gjennomføres i forbindelse med implementeringen. Disse treffer ikke organisasjonsmålene, har feil tematikk eller de har for stort fokus eksternt fremfor internt. Samlet vil alle disse utfordringene som følge av opplevd personlige tap, lite hensyn til kulturelle verdier og virkelighetsoppfattelse og for dårlig formidling av endringsideen, føre til motstand hos de ansatte. Avslutningsvis er utfordringene ledere møter når gender settes på agendaen mangfoldige, situasjonsavhengig og komplekse. Studien fremhever at det gjennomføres minimalt med tiltak for å minske motstanden som oppstår. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the challenges leaders face at an operational level when gender is put on the agenda, specifically focusing on the UN mission in Cyprus (UNFICYP), concurrently looking into whether leaders take measures to minimize these challenges. The background for this is that UNFICYP has an obligation given in Resolution 1325 to implement gender perspectives in its daily work with the intention of increasing the effect of the mission and assignments. Our focus has therefore been on the leaders' perspectives, experiences, and thoughts regarding the situation, as they are responsible for its actual implementation. The theoretical framework for this study is based on organizational theory within the organizational dimensions of structure, culture, and functionality. Furthermore, a qualitative methodology with semi-structured in-depth interviews and document analysis has been used as a data collection method. There are several challenges highlighted in this study, including the result of different interpretations and understandings of the importance of the concept of gender and the ‘gender perspective’ in the mission at different management levels. Furthermore, there are challenges linked to the structure in the framework, which is difficult to interpret, namely, the focus is negatively directed towards quotas of women and targets, and that too few resources are allocated in the work on implementation. Within culture, there are specific challenges in this mission characterized by traditional military culture, where women are not considered necessary for success in military operations and as a result of tokenism. Overall, a differentiated organizational culture and frequent rotations of personnel makes the process difficult when it comes to influencing the employees to change their view on gender perspective. Within functionality, there are challenges related to activities carried out in connection with the implementation. These activities do not meet the organizational goals, they have too much of an external focus, instead of internally, and gender meetings are being used for other topics. These challenges lead to further resistance among employees, including a result of perceived personal loss, little regard for cultural values and perceptions of reality and poor communication of the idea of change. In conclusion, the challenges leaders meet when gender is put on the agenda are diverse, situationally dependent and complex. The research outlined in this thesis highlights that minimal measures are taken to reduce the resistance that arises.

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы бакалавра: «Обоснование проектного решения по выбору CRM-системы на предприятии в сфере Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ñ„Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑƒÑÐ»ÑƒÐ³Â».Целью работы явилось улучшение качества работы персонала и улучшение контроля над бизнес-информацией.Задачи работы:- Выявление проблем, Ñ‚Ñ€ÐµÐ±ÑƒÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ поддержки;- Выбор Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð´ÑÑ‰ÐµÐ³Ð¾ информационного решения для обеспечения процесса и устранения проблем;- Оценка экономической эффективности проекта.Работа выполнена на базе компании ООО “Типографф”.Методы: сбор, обработка и анализ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ , сравнительный анализ, моделирование бизнес-процессов, методы оценки эффективности проектовОсновные результаты работы: - Произведен анализ деятельности компании.- Выявлен ряд проблем компании, Ð½ÐµÐ°Ð²Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ñ‚Ð¸Ð·Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ñ†ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð², ручной передачи информации и некачественного учета трудозатрат.-  Реализованы выбор и внедрение информационной системы в компанию.Практическая значимость работы определяется в совершенствовании процесса проектного управления в организации. Сотрудники получили быстрый доступ к проектной информации, повысилась эффективность использования Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑÑƒÑ€ÑÐ¾Ð². Изменения положительно повлияли на финансовые показатели фирмы.Выводы. Задачи ВКРрешены, цель достигнута, определена область применения результатов., Theme of the graduate qualification work of bachelor:«Justification of design decision on selection crm systems at the enterprise in the field of printing services».The purpose of the work isimproving the quality of staff work and improving control over business information.Tasks of work:-  Identification of problems requiring information support;- Selection of a suitable information solution to ensure the process and eliminate problems;- Evaluation of the economic efficiency of the project.Work is performed on the basis of the company LLC “Tipograff".Methods: data collection, processing and analysis, comparative analysis, modeling of business processes, methods for evaluating the effectiveness of projects.The main results of the work: - An analysis of the company's activities has been carried out;- A number of problems of the company, non-automated processes, manual transmission of information and low-quality accounting of labor costs have been identified;- The selection and implementation of an information system in the company have been implemented.The practical significance of the work is determinedin improving the process of project management in the organization. Employees got quick access to project information, and the efficiency of using labor resources increased. The changes had a positive impact on the financial performance of the company.Conclusions. The tasks of the thesis have been solved, the goal has been achieved, the scope of the results has been determined.

The organizational structure is unquestionably a very important managerial tool for firms. Based on the purpose of the structure, it has a large influence on how the operation of the firm is performed, which can create incentives for picking the most suitable one. According to the contingency theory, there is no best option, the most suitable structure is dependent on contextual factors in each individual case. Contrary, previous studies have shown that organizational structure has significant influence on the performance and even certain types of structures.There is currently a research gap regarding if certain types of structures could lead to better financial performances. This quantitative study was conducted using a positivistic paradigm, with a deductive approach. 216 companies were analyzed and two-sample t- tests were conducted to test the data. The divisional, functional, hierarchical, horizontal, and matrix organizational structures have been used and the financial performance measures Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Return on Invested Capital. Industry and country have been used as descriptive variables.By conducting a MANOVA test the first research question was answered, “Does the organizational structure influence the firm’s financial performance?”, the results were insignificant, the organizational structure does not influence the firm’s financial performance. This question provided an aggregated view of the influence of structures while the second question was aimed to provide a decomposed view by looking closer at the influence of the structures against each other.To answer the second research question, “Is there a certain organizational structure that has a higher influence on the firm’s financial performance?”, several two-sample t-tests were conducted. The results from the two-sample t-tests show that there is a significant difference in the Return on Assets when using a divisional structure rather than a matrix structure and that there is a significant difference on the Return on Equity when using a functional structure rather than a divisional structure and when using a hierarchical structure rather than a divisional structure. To summarize, the result of this study aligns with the contingency theory, the best structure is very much a personal choice for each organization and should not be chosen by financial interests.

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The purpose of the final qualifying work: Development of measures to increase the volume of the enterprise During the research, the following tasks were solved: - analysis and evaluation of the financial and economic activities of Avtoalliance LLC - development of measures to increase the volume of the enterprise's activities - evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed measures. The object of study is an organization providing services in the field of accounting and tax accounting LLC "Avtoalliance". The subject of study is the financial and economic activity of this company. The data of accounting and tax accounting of Avtoalliance LLC were used as sources for the analysis. In the course of the work, the results of the enterprise's activity were assessed under various taxation systems. Measures were developed to increase the volume of activities and an assessment was given taking into account the proposed measures.

Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is an important cultured marine fish species in southern China. It is characterized by fast growth. Due to the effects of climate change on water oxygen levels and seawater temperatures, the understanding of the influence of environmental changes on cobia culture has become important. In this study, to explore the stress and adaptability of cobia under hypoxia-reoxygenation conditions, the fish were exposed to an oxygen-deficient environment with dissolved oxygen (DO) level of 2.64 ± 0.25 mg/L. Serum liver function target, lipid metabolism-related enzymes and the serum antioxidant capability were detected in cobia under acute hypoxic stress after which fish returned to normal DO level (6.34 ± 0.15 mg/L) at 8, 24 and 48 h. Conventional paraffin sectioning and hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) staining were used to observe gill and liver tissues of cobia by electron microscopy. After hypoxic stress, the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cobia decreased. Under acute hypoxic stress, the gill patches of the fish were contracted and slightly curved. Liver disorder and vacuoles appeared between liver tissues. After reoxygenation, SOD and catalase (CAT) were recovered to the level of the control group with time, and all peaks appeared. The gill and liver of fish were also recovered with time. The results showed that hypoxic stress could cause oxidative damage to cobia.

Author(s): Raveendran, M | Abstract: Research Summary: This article develops theory on how an organization's structure affects future reorganizations. I highlight that a firm's structure shapes not only the locus of decision-making power (i.e., centralization and decentralization) but also the employees' interaction structure. I develop microlevel theory that connects the firm's structure to the interactions among its employees—for instance, its influence on the time employees spend adjusting their behavior after a reorganization. This theory predicts that some structures are more likely than others to promote a reorganization to occur sooner. I use a unique, hand-collected data set of reorganizations in the cell-phone manufacturing industry to test and find directional support for this theory. Managerial Summary: I examine the effect of a firm's current structure on its corporate reorganization decisions, which are defined as the addition and/or removal of business units. I posit that the way employees are grouped into those business units may affect both the type and timing of subsequent reorganizations; the reason is that employees of similar (resp. different) backgrounds should need less (resp. more) time to achieve effective collaboration. Using data on the reorganizations of cell-phone manufacturing firms during 1983–2008, I find directional support for the theory. This result implies that managers may need to watch closely any reorganization that shifts the firm toward more heterogeneous interaction structures—because its implementation may well require additional time.

This study sought to examine the effect of organization structure on organization strategy. Survey research design was employed through the administration of structured questionnaire to staff of Nestle Nigeria PLC, Unilever Nigeria PLC and PZ (Cussons) PLC. The findings revealed that, organization structure positively and significantly affects strategy implementation (F stat 107.52* 0.000) and that organization structure account for 53% (Adjusted R2= 0.5312) variation in organization strategy. It can therefore be concluded that, organization structure plays a significant role in strategy formulation and implementation in Nigeria multinational enterprises. It could be seen that, global matrix structure and product division structure are the most critical elements of organization structure driving strategy implementation in a multinational firm. It is therefore recommended that, multinational firms in Nigeria should employ matrix structure towards the enhancement of their organization strategy. This is because matrix structure has the highest effect on organization strategy.

ObjectiveThere is global interest in implementing national information systems to support healthcare, and the National Health Service in England (NHS) has a troubled 25-year history in this sphere. Our objective was to chronicle structural reorganizations within the NHS from 1973 to 2017, alongside concurrent national information technology (IT) strategies, as the basis for developing a conceptual model to aid understanding of the organizational factors involved.Materials and MethodsWe undertook an exploratory, retrospective longitudinal case study by reviewing strategic plans, legislation, and health policy documents, and constructed schemata for evolving structure and strategy. Literature on multi-organizational forms, complexity, national-level health IT implementations, and mega-projects was reviewed to identify factors that mapped to the schemata. Guided by strong structuration theory, these factors were superimposed on a simplified structural schema to create the conceptual model.ResultsAgainst a background of frequent NHS reorganizations, there has been a logical and emergent NHS IT strategy focusing progressively on technical and data standards, connectivity, applications, and consolidation. The NHS has a complex and hierarchical multi-organization form in which restructuring may impact a range of intra- and inter-organizational factors.DiscussionNHS-wide IT programs have generally failed to meet expectations, though evaluations have usually overlooked longer-term progress. Realizing a long-term health IT strategy may be impeded by volatility of the implementation environment as organizational structures and relationships change. Key factors influencing the strategy–structure dyad can be superimposed on the tiered NHS structure to facilitate analysis of their impact.ConclusionAlignment between incremental health IT strategy and dynamic structure is an under-researched area. Lessons from organizational studies and the management of mega-projects may help in understanding some of the ongoing challenges.

The article identifies principle stages of the working process organization at the category management department aimed at efficient realization of the approach 'category management' and at attaining max high finance figures of the company. The author shows different points of view at the notion 'category management'. The article includes also a brief description of the essence of methodology of category management, which can help understand its basic principles and reveal during the research 6 stages of efficient realization of the approach through system organization of the working process of category management: setting goals and strategy of the company, annual planning, planning of the working process at monthly and weakly level, establishing effective interaction with relative departments, cooperation with suppliers. It was disclosed that the foundation of high-quality work of category managers is its system nature and structured work. Employees make decisions on the basis of analytical work. Their main aim is to meet needs of final customers. An important role is played by top-management that can efficiently build the company structure and provide all necessary tools to employees to reach the set goals.

ABAC ODI JOURNAL VISION. ACTION. OUTCOME, 8, 1, 138-160

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The relevance of the study is due to the fact that facilitation today is experiencing rapid growth associated with the large-scale and dramatic changes that 2020 brought. The approaches that facilitators have practiced and refined over several decades now perfectly meet the needs of organizations and teams that are confused by the challenges of the new era. In the near future, facilitation has every chance of becoming a familiar element of the organizational structure of any company, and this urgent need is the root cause of the explosive growth of interest in facilitation. Materials and methods. The empirical basis of the study was the works of foreign authors T. Kaiser, I. Bens, P. Nummi, Zh-F. Pupar, K. Rogers, as well as analytical research by HR-academy ��Trends in staff assessment, training and development 2017��, as well as research by ATD Press, Grape People company. In the article, the author systematizes a variety of conditions and methods of organizing training as a driver of behavior change, accumulates prac-tical experience with them. Results. The basic principles, models and techniques of facilitation as a new form of work organization are presented, which contribute to the construction of a personand competence-centered learning process. The variety of spheres of application of facilitation as a universal approach to improving interaction between people is revealed. Discussion. The presented research will allow: first, the creation of a climate of trust, mutual respect and openness stimulates self-learning; second, harnessing the energy of the group allows for effective ways to remove obstacles; thirdly, the lack of correct answers and ready-made solutions helps to show out-of-the-box thinking and creativity; fourth, constructive feedback as an integral part of facilitation improves the quality of the educational process. Conclusion. The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that the presented basic principles, methods and techniques of facilitation will help organizations of any size and direction of activity of a horizontal structure to form strong group and intergroup connections, effective teamwork and communication, otherwise the company simply cannot keep up with the pace ongoing changes.

Pojam organizacije je svima poznat, ali još uvijek ne postoji jedinstveno utvrĊen njegov sadrţaj. Razvile su se mnoge teorije, ali zajedniĉko svim time teorijama je da je organizacija smišljeno ljudsko djelovanje meĊusobno povezanih pojedinaca s namjerom da se ostvare zadani ciljevi. Organizacijska struktura najvaţniji je dio svake organizacije. To je sustav u kojem su ljudi iz pojedinih podruĉja u organizaciji meĊusobno povezani, te izvršavaju odreĊene zadatke radi ostvarivanja njihovih ciljeva. Informacija i znanje su dva temeljna resursa za uspješno poslovanje poduzeća. Eksponencijalni rast suvremene tehnologije postaje najutjecajniji ĉimbenik organizacije. Informacijska tehnologija je djelatnost i tehniĉka oprema koja prikuplja, pohranjuje, obraĊuje i razmjenjuje pojedine informacije. U organizaciji za donošenje kvalitetnih odluka vaţno je da su informacije toĉne, pravodobne i pouzdane. U organizacije su se uveli softveri, raĉunala, raĉunalne mreţe i elektroniĉka poslovanja koja su omogućila bolju trţišnu poziciju i poslovne prilike. Osim što informacijska tehnologija pruţa velike mogućnosti za unaprjeĊenje ljudskih djelatnosti, tako i pruţa za zloupotrebu i kriminalne djelatnosti. To se moţe sprijeĉiti stavljanjem sigurnosnih sustava u tehnologijske opreme. Arena Hospitality Group d.d. je hotelsko trgovaĉko društvo koje upravlja smještajnim objektima visokih kategorija. Navedeno poduzeće je vodeća turistiĉka kompanija kada su u pitanju novi tehnološki trendovi na trţištu. Implementiraju te trendove u poduzeće prije ostalih konkurenata te tako stjecaju vodstvo na trţištu i time takoĊer dolazi do rasta i razvoja poduzeća. The concept of organization is known to everyone, but there is still no uniquely established content. Many theories have been developed, but common to all these theories is that the organization is a deliberate human action of interonnected individuals with the intention of achieving set goals. The organizational structure is the most important part of any organization. It is a system in which the people from certain area of the organization are interconnected and preform certain tasks in order to achieve their goals. Information and knowledge are two fundamental resources for a successful buisness. The exponential growth of modern technology is becoming the most influentail factor of the organization. Information technology is an activity and technical equipment that collects, stores, processes and exchanges individual information. In organization to make quality decisions, it is important that the informations are accurate, timely and reliable. Software, computers, computer networks and electronic buisnesses were introduced into the organizations which enabled better market position and buisness opportunities. In addition that information technology provides great opportunities for the advancment of human activities, it also provides for abuse and criminal activities. This can be prevented by putting security measures in technological equipment. Arena Hospitality Group d.d. is a hotel company that manages high-category accommodation facilities. This company is leading travel company when it comes to new technological trends in market. They implement these trends in the company before other competitors, and thus also lead to the growth and development of the company.

—The construction industry is among the leading sectors in economic growth of Rwanda. Most of construction projects failed to maintain their schedules, and remain within budgetary costs; this despite there being knowledge of project management practices introduced in construction project. Generally this study aimed to investigate influence of project management practices on construction project in Rwanda. 99 survey questionnaires were administered to 99 active contractors and consultants registered in RPPA. It was found that 91.9 % of respondents confirmed that they applied project management practices in their daily assignments however 74.7 % got skills from experience, therefore majority in industry are not professional managers. Construction planning like risk plan, communication plan are not done satisfactory, 77.7% confirmed that risk plan analysis is less applied; few analysis done the top management involvement is not satisfactory, uncertainties contribute a lot in time and cost overruns. Other researches revealed that the best organization structure is project-based and matrix while it was found that in Rwanda 85.8 % confirmed the functional structure, the later was proved not suitable in multidisplinary projects. The study concluded that industry has not professionals in management therefore less application of management practices. The contractors and consultants are recommended to encourage their engineers to go ahead management classes or profession trainings (PMI, PRINCE 2, AGILE….) to save the construction industry.

A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Masters of Business Administration at Strathmore University Business School Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are vital contributors to the GDP growth, employment levels, and social welfare of Kenya. The manufacturing sector is a critical component of the government’s economic development agenda. However, in the recent past, SMEs in the manufacturing sector have witnessed a continuous trend of poor performance, which has caused deterioration in their development, as well as business closure. The current study sought to build on available literature. It examined the critical determinants of organizational performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector in Nairobi County. The study specifically examined how organization structure, technology ability, and management competency affect organizational performance. The theories that guided the study were the dynamic capabilities theory and the teleological theory and the study adopted a descriptive survey research design, with a quantitative focus. The target population was the 503 registered SMEs in the manufacturing sector in Nairobi County. The research sampled 223 of those SMEs and considered one management personnel per firm as the respondents. Thus, the sample size for the study was 223 managers. The study utilized a structured questionnaire, and the instrument was pretested on 10% of the sample. The study obtained an 83% response rate and the collected research data was coded into SPSS. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the collected data. The findings were graphically presented. The results of the regression analysis showed that 51.1% (R2= .511) variation in the organizational performance of the SMEs could be determined by their organization structure, their technological capability and their management competency. The research concluded that a unit change in organization structure would lead to a 52.6% change in performance; a unit change in technology capability leads to a 13.4% change in performance; and a unit change in management competency leads to a 5.3% change in performance. The study recommends that the management of the SMEs should increase investment in putting processes in place and in continuous restructuring, which will enhance firm coordination and foster employee collaboration. The study further recommends that SME management should encourage all cadres of employees to be highly innovative and technologically savvy. The study notes that more research is required to explore why and how the research determinants affect performance; to see how the research variables affect one another; and how they relate when other measures of performance are assessed. Finally, there should be more research conducted on the determinants of organizational performance of SMEs in other sectors.

The main objective of the study was to assess factors affecting employee’s work ethics. To achieve objective of the study, 346 respondents were selected by simple random sampling method, and data were gathered through questionnaire. The major findings of the study show that leadership, organization structure, control, recruitment selection and training were factors affecting employee work ethics. Also the study found there was a statistically significant and positive relationship between the leadership, organization structure and control and recruitment selection and training and employee work ethics. Therefore, the study recommends organization administrator be supposed to involve employees in key decision making and create a relationship where employees can be open and free, management should support the employees and work together with employees in ensuring the procedures, code of conduct and processes are well understood and followed. Lastly recruitment should be done in a fair way and that the human resources department should ensure that proper vetting is done in order to hire staff with good ethical morals right from the beginning.

Bakgrund och problem: Det har riktats kritik mot den traditionella ekonomistyrningen vilket har gjort att moderna styrmetoder och verktyg växt fram för att komplettera ekonomistyrningen. De faktorer som tvingat fram den moderna styrningen går även att se i musikbranschen. Detta, tillsammans med att ekonomistyrning i musikbranschen generellt sett är outforskat, gör att det blir intressant att undersöka hur skivbolag i musikbranschen använder sig av en traditionell ekonomistyrning eller modern verksamhetsstyrning. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom att undersöka två skivbolags ekonomistyrning kartlägga hur ekonomistyrningen karaktäriseras utifrån traditionell ekonomistyrning och modern verksamhetsstyrning. Metod: Metoden som använts vid denna studie är kvalitativ. Vi har genom fallstudier hos två skivbolag undersökt och skapat oss en förståelse av ekonomistyrningen i bolagen med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer och kompletterande frågor via mail. Slutsats: Det går att se att skivbolagen övergått delvis till en modern verksamhetsstyrning men att det alltså finns en blandning mellan användandet av traditionella och moderna styrmetoder och verktyg. Background and problem: Criticism has been raised towards the traditional management control which pushed forward modern management methods and tools to complement management accounting. The factors that pushed out this modern management control are possible to see in the music industry aswell. This, together with the fact that management control in the music industry has a research gap, makes it interesting to examine how record labels in the swedish music industry are using traditional or modern management control. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to through the examination of two record labels create an understanding of how the management control is characterized through traditional or modern management control. Method: The method used in this study is qualitative. We have through a multiple-case study at two record labels examined and created an understanding of the management control in the companies with the help of semi-structured interviews and complementary questions through mail. Conclusion: It is possible to see that the record labels has partly moved to modern management control but also that you can see a mix between the usage of traditional and modern control methods and tools.

Drawing upon the organizational capabilities of knowledge management, the current study aims to examine the mediating role of knowledge management capability between open innovation and firm-level technological, structural, and entrepreneurial capabilities and the moderation role of innovation climate between open innovation and firm innovative performance. A questionnaire-based survey with a sample of 332 top managers of Pakistani SMEs across the service and manufacturing sectors was conducted. The study adopted partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLSSEM) to estimate moderated mediation using the SmartPLS 3.0. The results revealed that the organization structure contributes significantly, followed by ICTs and entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs' knowledge management capability. Mainly, the most robust knowledge management capability positively affects open innovation and mediates most significantly between open innovation and organization structure, followed by ICTs and entrepreneurial orientation. Finally, open innovation directly and through the moderation of innovative climate significantly impact SMEs' innovative performance. The findings suggest that improving the knowledge management capability and innovative climate means the mechanisms of mediation and moderation through which entrepreneurial orientation, ICTs, and organization structure impact the open innovation, which, in turn, impact SMEs' innovative performance. For policymakers, an important message is that SMEs do not innovate individually but with customers, competitors, suppliers, and others. The usefulness resides in advancing a comprehensive process of knowledge management capability and innovative climate, suggesting the mechanisms to transmit the effects of entrepreneurial orientation, ICTs, and organization structure to open innovation, thereby to SME's innovative performance.

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Организация производственно- торговой деятельности ресторана Санкт-Петербургской ÐºÑƒÑ Ð½Ð¸ на 75 мест в г. Санкт-Петербург» В Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ выполнения квалификационной работы: 1. Создана концепция ресторана Санкт-Петербургской ÐºÑƒÑ Ð½Ð¸ на 75 мест в центральном районе г. Санкт-Петербург, произведены маркетинговые исследования района размещения и рядом ÑÑƒÑ‰ÐµÑÑ‚Ð²ÑƒÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸Ð¹. 2. Составлено меню ресторана, произведен расчет планового меню на 1 день, также произведен расчет Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ количества сырья, Ñ Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ и производственного оборудования. 3. Представлена структура организации, составлен штатный список должностей ресторана и график работы, расписаны должностные инструкции шеф-повара, а также данные по закупочной деятельности. 4. Были учтены обязательные и профилактические меры для создания и поддержания ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¸ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ñ‹Ñ ÑƒÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð¹ трудовой деятельности. Рассмотрены классы пожарной безопасности помещений ресторана. 5. Рассмотрены экономические показатели торговой деятельности ресторана. Рассчитаны показатели ресурсного потенциала. Приведены таблицы товарооборота и капитала ресторана. В результате выполненной квалификационной работы, была разработана концепция, а также решены задачи по размещению, позиционированию и общей организационной и производственной деятельности ресторана., Theme of final qualification work: "Organization of production and trading activities of the restaurant of St. Petersburg kitchen with 75 seats in St. Petersburg" In the course of the qualification work: 1. The concept of a restaurant of St. Petersburg cuisine with 75 seats in the central district of St. Petersburg was created, marketing research of the area of location and a number of existing enterprises was carried out. 2. The restaurant menu was compiled, the planned menu for 1 day was calculated, and the necessary amount of raw materials, refrigeration and production equipment was calculated. 3. The structure of the organization is presented, a staff list of restaurant positions and work schedule is compiled, job descriptions of the chef are written, as well as data on procurement activities. 4. Mandatory and preventive measures were taken to create and maintain comfortable and safe working conditions. Classes of fire safety of restaurant premises are considered. 5. The economic indicators of the restaurant's trading activity are considered. Indicators of resource potential are calculated. Tables of the restaurant's turnover and capital are provided. As a result of the completed qualification work, the concept was developed, as well as the tasks of placement, positioning, and overall organizational and production activities of the restaurant were solved.

Communication problems between marketing specialists and engineers at the industrial enterprises are considered. Basic reasons of un-cooperation of marketing and engineering services are revealed. Approaches to implementation of the collaborative activities of the involved subdivisions are offered.

Aims: This paper examines the role of organizational structure within government(s) in attempts to implement intersectoral action for health in Danish municipalities. We discuss the implications of structural reorganization and the governance structures that are established in order to ensure coordination and integration between policy sectors. Methods: The paper is based on 49 interviews with civil servants from health and non-health sectors of 10 municipalities. Based on participants’ experiences, cases have been described and analyzed in an iterative process consulting the literature on Health in All Policies and joined-up government. Results: Continuous and frequent processes of reorganizing were widespread in the municipalities. However, they appeared to have little effect on policy change. The two most common governance structures established to transcend organizational boundaries were the central unit and the intersectoral committee. According to the experiences of participants, paradoxically both of these organizational solutions tend to reproduce the organizational problems they are intended to overcome. Even if structural reorganization may succeed in dissolving some sector boundaries, it will inevitably create new ones. Conclusions: It is time to dismiss the idea that intersectoral action for health can be achieved by means of a structural fix. Rather than rearranging organizational boundaries it may be more useful to seek to manage the silos which exist in any organization, e.g. by promoting awareness of their implications for public health action and by enhancing the boundary spanning skills of public health officers.

Telkom Divisi Digital Service (DDS) is a unit responsible for product innovations for Telkom. An internal survey conducted in June 2016 showed the lack of good understanding about the innovation process among employees. Entropy measurement showed that the organization culture categorized as “less than healthy”. Moreover, the implementation of virtual organization resulted in a lot of confusion among the employees. This research aimed to investigate the influence of Organization Culture variable and Organization Structure variable to the Innovation Process variable. Data were collected by distributing online questionnaires to 308 DDS employees and got 202 valid responses. Path analysis with SPSS showed that both Organization Culture and Organization Structure, either simultaneously or partially, had a positive influence toward Innovation Process. The Organizational Culture variable has a 37.27% influence towards Innovation Process variable, whereas the Organizational Structure variable has an 8.94% influence towards Innovation Process variable. In accordance with the research result, it is suggested that Telkom DDS focuses on the improvement of the organization culture to increase the innovation process. And for further research, it is recommended to explore other variables uncovered yet in this research, such as leadership within an organization, work environment, etc.

The effect of Sn content added in pre-alloy powder on the microstructure, porosity, hardness and bending strength of hot pressing sintering of a diamond matrix was investigated. The results show that with the increase of Sn content in the pre-alloy powder, a reduction in grain size and porosity as well as an increase in hardness is observed. As a result of the reduction in porosity, the flexural strength increases with the increase in the Sn content in the pre-alloy powder. However, with the increase of Sn content, the bending strength decreases owing to the formation of Cu5.6Sn in the matrix. The properties of the diamond matrix are improved, and the lifetime of the diamond matrix is prolonged when the Sn content is 4 wt.%.

We complement the rich conceptual work on organizational corruption by quantitatively modeling the spread of corruption within organizations. We systematically vary four organizational culture-related parameters, i.e., organization structure, location of bad apples, employees’ propensity to become corrupted (“corruption probability”), and number of whistle-blowers. Our simulation studies find that in organizations with flatter structures, corruption permeates the organization at a lower threshold value of corruption probability compared to those with taller structures. However, the final proportion of corrupted individuals is higher in the latter as compared to the former. Also, we find that for a 1,000-strong organization, 5% of the workforce is a critical threshold in terms of the number of whistle-blowers needed to constrain the spread of corruption, and if this number is around 25%, the corruption contagion is negligible. Implications of our results are discussed.

The formation of global public policy takes place in diverse fields populated by a range of different actors. One important, but neglected group of actors is large management consultancy firms. This chapter examines why and how such firms have been able to exercise influence over global public policy. Emphasis is placed on their reputational power, their organizational structures which enable them to use and develop expertise and the importance of their social networks amongst other elite actors. The chapter illustrates these themes through a case study of the REDD Initiative sponsored by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. It concludes by outlining a research agenda which focuses on the power of consultancies in this arena, but also recognizes the limits to this power.

В статье раскрывается понятие категорийного менеджмента. Выявляются проблемы, возникающие в деятельности сотрудников отдела категорийного менеджмента, в т. ч. нехватка времени, отсутствие необходимой информации. В основе работы категорийных менеджеров лежит системность и структурированность работы; принятие решений основано на аналитике и удовлетворении потребностей конечных покупателей. Автор предлагает ряд мероприятий, которые позволили бы существенно улучшить эффективность применения категорийного менеджмента и повысить финансовые показатели компании., The article reveals the concept of category management. Problems that arise in the activities of the staff of the category management department, including lack of time, lack of necessary information, are identified. The work of category managers is based on systematic and structured work; decision making is based on analytics and meeting the needs of end customers. The author offers a number of activities that would significantly improve the efficiency of category management and improve the company's financial performance.

Bu araştırma ile Kaynak Temelli Görüş (KTG) ekseninde örgütsel yapının maliyet liderliği stratejisi üzerindeki etkisini yapısal eşitlik modeli yardımıyla ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Yönetim ve organizasyon bilimsel disiplinine ait alanyazın incelendiğinde örgütsel yapının stratejiyi ve stratejinin de örgütsel yapıyı takip ettiğine yönelik araştırmaların mevcut olduğu görülmektedir. Disiplinin alt alanlarından biri olan stratejik yönetim alanında KTG, geleneksel örgüt yapısı stratejiyi takip eder görüşüne stratejinin örgütsel yapıyı takip ettiği yönünde yaklaşmaktadır. KTG’nin bu savından hareketle araştırmada yapı-strateji arasındaki etkileşim örgütsel yapının strateji üzerindeki etkisi dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Yapı kavramı birçok bilimsel disiplininde kendine yer bulmuş bir kavramdır. Yönetim ve organizasyon bilimsel disiplini içerisindeki örgütsel yapı kavramı da bunlardan biridir. Örgütsel yapı, örgüt içerisindeki iş bölümü, yetki ve karar verme mekanizmaları, hiyerarşik seviyeler, rol ve pozisyonlar, kural ve prosedürler ve uzmanlaşma derecesi gibi birçok unsuru kapsamaktadır. Ancak ilgili alanyazında dikkat çeken üç temel örgütsel yapı alt boyutu: merkezileşme, biçimselleşme ve uzmanlaşma olarak ifade edilmektedir. Kar amacı güden bir örgütün iş birim düzeyinde uyguladığı stratejiler rekabetçi stratejiler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu stratejilerden biri de maliyet liderliği stratejisidir. Maliyet liderliği stratejisi örgütün rakipleri ile rekabet etmek için tüm iş süreçlerinde etkin ve verimli olması anlamını taşımaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda İstanbul Sanayi Odası’nın (İSO) belirlediği Türkiye’nin ilk 1000 büyük sanayi firması evren olarak belirlenmiştir. Tam sayım yöntemi ile tüm firmalara ulaşılmış ve 213 firmadan başarılı geri dönüş alınmıştır. Araştırmada örgütsel yapının ölçümünde Örgütsel Yapı Ölçeği (ÖY-Ö) ve maliyet liderliği stratejisinin ölçümünde Maliyet Liderliği Stratejisi Ölçeği (MLS-Ö) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçeklerin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri keşfedici faktör analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve Cronbach Alfa değerleri incelenerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçüm modellerinin ardından oluşturulan yapısal model iyi düzeyde uyum iyiliği değerlerine sahiptir (X2/df = 1.403; RMSEA = .044; GFI = .922; CFI = .952; NFI = .854; TLI = .942; IFI =.953). Elde edilen bulgular örgütsel yapının merkezileşme boyutunun maliyet liderliği stratejisi üzerinde pozitif yönde yordayıcı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır., The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between organizational structure and cost leadership strategy in the scope of resource based view. In the framework of this purpose, structural equation modelling used in the research. When the literature related to the scientific discipline of management and organization is examined, it is seen there are researches that investigates strategy-structure relation as: “structure follows strategy” and “strategy follows structure”. Furthermore, one of the strategic management approach which is called as resource based view indicates that strategy follows structure. The concept of structure takes place in many scientific disciplines. The concept of organizational structure within the scientific discipline of management and organization is one of them. Organizational structure includes many elements such as division of labor within the organization, authority and decision-making mechanisms, hierarchical levels, roles and positions, rules and procedures and degree of specialization. However, the three main organizational structure sub-dimensions that draw attention in the related literature are expressed as centralization, formalization and specialization. The strategies implemented by an organization at the business unit level are defined as competitive strategies, and cost leadership strategy is one of them. Cost-leadership strategy means that the organization is efficient and effective in all business processes in order to compete with its competitors.In the light of all this information, the research has been conducted with top 1000 industrial enterprises of Turkey (ISO Top 500 and ISO Second Top 500). These 1000 firms are determined as research population. All firms were reached with full counting method and successful return was received from 213 firms. The Organizational Structure Scale (OS-S) is used for measuring the organizational structure and the Cost Leadership Strategy Scale (CLS-S) has been utilized in measuring cost leadership strategy. Validity and reliability analyses have been performed for the scales. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha values have been performed in this context. The fit indices for the structural model that have been implemented after measurement models, tested in accordance with the structural equation modeling analysis, have been detected to be acceptable (X2/df = 1.403; RMSEA = .044; GFI = .922; CFI = .952; NFI = .854; TLI = .942; IFI =.953). Research findings show that centralization sub-dimension of the organizational structure is a positive predictor of the cost leadership strategy.

The focus of this thesis is to provide a complex framework for design of process-based organizational structure, which is currently lacking in the academic literature. Thesis starts with development of a complex process improvement framework, continues by developing process/activity owner assignment framework and connects the process management with design of organizational structure. The developed framework consists of two parts, the "As Is" analysis, capturing the current state of affairs and the "To Be" design developing an optimal arrangement. A basic evaluation tool is provided to assess the effects of changes to the process structure. Practical part applies newly developed framework in a business entity. The process improvement is used to design new process-based organizational structure, which in terms of efficiency surpasses the current matrix organizational structure. JEL Classification L1, L22, L25, M12, M13 Keywords Organizational structure, Process-based organization, Process improvement, Process management, Process mapping, Strategic management Title Strategic Approach to an Entity Setup: Designing a Process-based Organizational Structure Author's e-mail vladas777@seznam.cz Supervisor's e-mail balcar.petr86@gmail.com

This thesis investigates what the possible benefits and challenges are with different organization structures from the perspective of an international non-governmental organization (INGO). Based on learnings from other organizations it is examined what a revised structure could look like for Organization X in order to maximize their use of internal resources. The aim of the study is to achieve a structure more aligned with the strategic priorities of Organization X. As well as contribute to the field of organization theory from an INGO perspective. To achieve this benchmarking against other organizations is used to collect learnings in relation to organizational design. The learnings are analyzed in relation to organization theory and common challenges for INGOs. The result and analysis show that benchmarking can be used to gather valuable learnings regarding organizational design for INGOs in general and Organization X in particular. Two options for structural revisions for Organization X are presented. It is suggested that the second option should be implemented, at least as a first step, due to the current strategic priorities of the organization and the larger risks associated with option one. If implemented, the revisions proposed in this thesis should enable increased flexibility and the freeing up of resources, resulting in increased capability for fundraising and increased impact.

В данной статье проведен сравнительный анализ структур управления технополисами Цукуба (Япония) и Сколково (Россия). Автором сформулированы основные различия данных структур, а также предлагаются рекомендации по совершенствованию организационной структуры управления технополиса Сколково., In this article the comparative analysis of the management structures of techopolises Tsukuba (Japan) and Skolkovo (Russia) is conducted. The author has formulated the main differences of these structures and offers recommendations for improving the organizational structure of management of technopolis Skolkovo.

The case is written for MBA or senior undergraduate courses on Management and Organizational Behavior Study level/applicability The case is written for MBA or senior undergraduate courses on Management and Organizational Behaviour, leadership or strategy implementation. The case can be taught towards the end of a Management course to learn about organization and its behavior. This case can be used in the segment focusing on action and leadership.

The transition of the Slovak economy to a market-driven has caused more changes also in the organizational structure of tourism on national, regional and local level. The aim of the paper is to analyse the current organizational structure of destination management in Slovakia, the activities and financing of the destination management organizations (DMOs) and to evaluate the impact of state subsidies on tourism development in Slovakia. The majority of governmental subsidies are given to destinations with the highest developed infrastructure and the newly introduced Act no. 91/2010 Coll. about the support of tourism in Slovakia itself contributes to the deepening of regional disparities. The micro-regional DMOs are up to now financed mainly from the state budget and in case, that the funding from the government will be decreased, it is still the question of the sustainability of newly created DMOs. The Slovak DMOs should try to focus more on the increase of the revenues from their own activities, but this solution is limited by existing act, they should try to get more members or the other possibility is the merger of existing micro-regional DMOs into larger organizations covering the larger territory. According to the results of the analysis based on the research of task and resources, size and dominance, the paper proposes new geographical distribution of the micro-regional DMOs on the territory of 8 self-government regions.

In this research, aiming at understanding relationships between competence distributions for public transport among various stakeholders such as public bodies and operators, and implementation efficiency of policy measures aiming at increasing modal shares of public transport, a comparative study is carried out. In the course of this exploratory research, a methodology combining analyses in three pillars is developed. The three pillars are manifestation of outcome goals in urban mobility plans, implementability analysis of measures, and trend in changes of modal share. The results from these three pillars are synthesized to draw a conclusion. Among the cities analyzed in this research, cities with more integrated competences for public transport at public bodies tend to make quantitative and time-bound policy goals towards modal shift to be successful in achieving desired modal share. In reverse, cities with more disperse competence distribution tend to show less clarity in its policy manifestation, and to be less successful in shifting the modal share towards optimal modal share in light of sustainable mobility. Among the successful cities, the cities internalizing the competence within the public body tend to attain desired modal share more successfully than cities controlling the service parameters through public ownership of operators.

The thesis deals with the organization structure of the Diocese Charity in České Budějovice (DCH ČB) as viewed through the eyes of social workers who are involved in the projects which DCH ČB arches over. In the introductory part of the thesis there is a description of the contemporary state of social work and the position of social workers in our post-modern society where social workers prefer to work in smaller communities where they can more easily adapt and co-form the rules for the organization and share ideas with people who have similar attitude to social work and how to control and carry it out the best. In connection with the outcome of the study there is a more detailed description of the organization structure of the DCH ČB which was set up according to Scheiner's formation of organization structures. In accordance with the organization structure there is a contemplation whether the DCH ČB does not have a tendency to incline towards ideological management without a possibility for the social workers to co-form the rules and have some autonomy in the projects of the DCH ČB, while the DCH ČB is in a position of an Ideological Hegemon.

Bachelor thesis is focused on utilization of process management in selected company. The theoretical part of the thesis contains information and process management information, which was obtained by study of professional literature, where all the procedures and analyzes are presented. Process management in companies is important not only for the company itself but also for the final customer for which it represents added value. The practical part of the thesis describes the chosen company HOKAR SPEDITION s.r.o. It is a company engaged in the transport of goods in national and international freight transport. The aim of this bachelor thesis is description of selected processes in the given company, evaluation of their level and eventual proposal of their redesign using methods and procedures of process control. The output of the thesis is suggestions for improvement of certain processes in the transport of goods. The proposal for possible improvement is described in a separate chapter.

The Diploma thesis a case study monitors the process of implementing supervision in a specific medical institution that cares for vulnerable children up to three years of age. The aim of the change is to create a space for self-reflection for the employees of the organization, to support the learning process and the change. In the context of the transformation of foster care, the aim of this thesis is to support resilience when coping with change and to facilitate an open dialogue between the management and employees. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the definition and explanation of the related terms. I present the ethical aspects of the case study and the methodology in the empirical part of the thesis. It is followed by data analysis, a description of the change process, an assessment of the organization's input status prior to the implementation of the change, and an evaluation of the organization's statut nine months after the change was introduced.

The effective application of knowledge in the production of new goods and services has become the main competitive advantage of a modern enterprise and the main condition for its development in the information society. The main function of logistics is the transfer, distribution of specific resources from one destination to another. In this context, it is necessary to consider logistics as an instrument of "resource flows", namely "knowledge flows". Knowledge is a product of intellectual activity, refer to creative activity. In order for the organization to have the opportunity to use knowledge and experience, it is necessary to organize them and organize them. Based on the quality of the processed information transfer, the organization receives a stream of quality knowledge, through which management decisions will be made. Эффективное применение знаний при производстве новых товаров и услуг превратилось в основное конкурентное преимущество современного предприятия и главное условие его развития в информационном обществе. Основной функцией логистики является передача, распределение конкретных ресурсов из одной точки назначения в другую. В данном контексте необходимо рассмотреть логистику как инструмент «потоков ресурсов», а именно «потоков знаний». Знания являются продуктом интеллектуальной деятельности, относятся к творческой деятельности. Чтобы в организации была возможность использования знаний и опыта, необходимо производить их систематизацию и хранение. На основе качественной обработанной передачи информации, организация получает поток качественных знаний, с помощью которых будут приниматься управленческие решения.

One of the main pillars of the modern industry is the uninterrupted supply of energy with a reasonable price. The energy production is based mostly on non-renewable energy resources that are getting more expensive progressively. This increase in energy cost consequently leads the companies to a more expensive production of goods. Therefore it has been established that energy efficiency is not only very important for the environment but also for the sustainable production in the manufacturing companies. Effective energy management plays an important role in the necessary increase of energy efficiency in industry. Next to the expansion of regenerative energies, it establishes a further pillar at closing the energy supply gap resulting from the energy transition. This paper presents the current energy situation in Germany and its impact on the German industry. Furthermore this paper presents a methodology which can be used by organizations to systematically implement energy management system. Eventually the paper provides a model that illustrates the realization of a PDCA cycle which is necessary for energy management in the organization.

En farledsrestriktion innebär att vissa krav eller begänsningar sätts på fartygs manöverförmåga, antal assisterande bogserbåtar, största djupgående och liknande egenskaper för att få färdas i en specifik farled. Innan 2009 låg uppgiften att ta fram dessa restriktioner på Sjöfartsverket och det tillhörande Sjöfartsinspektionen. År 2009 bildades Transportstyrelsen och övertog då vissa delar av processen. Detta arbete handlar om vad denna omorganisation har fått för effekter på arbetsprocessen och dess resultat utifrån vad de som idag jobbar med den upplever. En kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med ett antal individer som dagligen arbetar med denna process. Resultatet målar upp bilden av en arbetsprocess som genomgått mindre förändringar men som på många sätt fortfarande är sig lik. De tillfrågade beskriver små skillnader i det praktiska, dagliga arbetet och den kommunikation som detta arbete kräver, men beskriver också en situation där förändringsarbetet fortfarande upplevs pågå och där vanor kring arbetsrutiner på många sätt lever kvar. When entering a fairway in Swedish waters, vessels are affected by various restrictions. These restrictions are related to the draught of the vessel, its maneuvering capabilities and other factors which affect its capability to be conducted in a safe manner when inside the fairway. Prior to 2009, these restrictions were implemented by Sjöfartsverket (the Swedish Maritime Agency). In 2009, Transportstyrelsen (the Swedish Transport Agency) was created and took on the responsibility for some parts of the process behind developing these restrictions. In this study the focus is on the effects of this reorganization on the process itself from the viewpoint of those who are working with it. A qualitative study using interviews was conducted with people who are in daily contact with this work. The result shows a process that has undergone minor changes but is also in many ways still similar. The participants in this study describe smaller differences in the practical, daily work and the communication that this work requires, but they also paint a picture of a situation where the change is still happening and where old routines and habits still influence their work.

This Bachelor's thesis is focused on the evaluation of the environment in Terno České Budějovice, which belongs to the administration of JEDNOTA, consumer cooperative České Budějovice. The first part of the thesis is focused on description and definition of the basic concepts of the strategy and analyses related to the evaluation of the environment. These theoretical concepts are applied in the selected organization in the practical part of the thesis which is dedicated to evaluation of internal and external environment using generally accepted analyses such as Porter's five forces model, PEST analysis, financial analysis, functional areas analysis and SWOT analysis. It also describes organization structure. The end of this thesis draws from the analyses and proposes a strategy of action as well as changes that could possibly facilitate the company's operations.

Сегодня, в современных экономических условиях, многие российские предприятия имеют проблему недостаточного уровня конкурентоспособности. Доверие иностранных и отечественных инвесторов к российским компаниям падает, что ведет к ухудшению инвестиционного климата в стране. Россия нуждается в притоке инвестиций в отечественные предприятия для выхода из общественно-экономического кризиса. В качестве решения выделенной проблемы предложено внедрение новой производственной системы на российских предприятиях. В основе данной системы лежит концепция бережливого производства. В статье раскрыто понятие бережливого производства. Обозначена задача бережливого управления. Представлены основные инструменты и подходы концепции. Приведено сравнение массового и бережливого производств. Выделены основные проблемы, препятствующие эффективному применению практик бережливого производства на отечественных предприятиях, и предложены возможные пути их решения. Особое внимание уделено влиянию менталитета на процесс внедрения бережливого производства. Таким образом, статья подводит некоторые итоги в области изучения причин неэффективного внедрения бережливого производства в России. Today, in the current economic conditions, many Russian enterprises have the problem of insufficient competitiveness. The confidence of foreign and domestic investors to the Russian companies is falling, which leads to deterioration of the investment climate in the country. Russia needs the influx of investment in domestic enterprises to exit the socio-economic crisis. As a solution to this problem, the proposed introduction of new production system at Russian enterprises. The system is based on the concept of lean manufacturing. In the article the concept of lean manufacturing. Determined the aim of lean management. Presents the basic tools and approaches of the concept. The comparison of mass and lean production. Presents the main problems impeding the effective application of lean manufacturing in domestic enterprises, and possible ways of their solution. Special attention is paid to the influence of mentality on the process of implementation of lean production. Thus, the article summarizes some of the results in the study of the reasons for the ineffective implementation of lean production in Russia.

The study examines the influence of internal control system on small scale enterprises sustainable development. The specific objective is to determine the influence of organizational structure and recruitment of personnel in small scale enterprises on their net profit margin. The study adopted survey design. Questionnaires were employed for gathering primary data and secondary data was obtained from the books of account. The researcher employed the purposive sampling technique in selecting participants for the study. Linear regression technique was employed as the basic statistical tool for data analyses in this study, with the aid of SPSS 20.0 software. We discovered significant relationship between organizational structures and recruitment of personnel in small scale enterprises and net profit margin. We recommend that there should be no fusion of personality between the owner of the business and the business. This will encourage the business owner to have good organization structure. Once there is separation of duties among the personnel, it will induce efficient and effective internal control in the organization.

Diante do contexto da existência de grupos formais que emergem no modelo de estrutura projetizada e da dinâmica de alternância de papéis dos membros (em cada fase do projeto) em estruturas organizacionais que se baseiam em modelos de qualidade como o CMMI, este trabalho tem como objetivo elencar os pontos sobre os quais se desenvolve essa dinâmica na estrutura organizacional e nos grupos formais, além de trazer as relações de poder que ocorrem na alternância dos papéis. Para o alcance desse objetivo, abordam-se questões teóricas relacionadas à estrutura organizacional, relações de poder e alternância de papéis, conforme delineamento do estudo. A metodologia utilizada é o estudo de caso único num Instituto de Inovação em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação, situado no Porto Digital, em Recife/PE. O estudo foi de natureza qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com membros que participaram do projeto analisado, e observação não participante. Identificou-se entre os membros do projeto analisado as relações de solidariedade (sem considerar o gerente) e de representação (quando da presença do gerente). Já quanto às bases de poder do gerente, predominam a autoridade e imposição, enquanto que entre os demais membros, predomina um mix de influência e de dependência.