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BackgroundIt is widely acknowledged that comorbidity between psychiatric disorders is common. Shared and diverse underpinnings of psychiatric disorders cannot be systematically understood on the basis of symptom-based categories of mental disorders, which map poorly onto pathophysiological mechanisms. In the MIND-Set study, we make use of current concepts of comorbidity that transcend the current diagnostic categories. We test this approach to psychiatric problems in patients with frequently occurring psychiatric disorders and their comorbidities (excluding psychosis). The main objective of the MIND-Set project is to determine the shared and specific mechanisms of neurodevelopmental and stress-related psychiatric disorders at different observational levels.MethodsThis is an observational, cross-sectional study. Data from different observational levels as defined in the research domain criteria (RDoC; genetics, physiology, neuropsychology, system level neuroimaging, behavior, self-report and experimental neurocognitive paradigms) are collected over four time points. Included are adult (≥ 18 years), non-psychotic, psychiatric patients with a clinical diagnosis of a stress-related disorder (mood disorder, anxiety disorder and/or addiction disorder) and/or a neurodevelopmental disorder (ASD and/or ADHD). Individuals with no current or past psychiatric diagnosis are included as controls. Data collection started in June 2016 with the aim to include a total of 650 patients and 150 healthy controls by 2021. The data collection procedure includes online questionnaires and three subsequent sessions with 1) Standardized clinical examination, physical examination, and blood sampling; 2) Psychological constructs, neuropsychological tests, and biological marker sampling; 3) Neuroimaging measures.DiscussionThe MIND-Set study enables us to investigate the mechanistic underpinnings of non-psychotic psychiatric disorders transdiagnostically. We will identify both shared and disorder-specific markers at different observational levels that can be used as targets for future diagnostic and treatment approaches.

Contains fulltext : 238969.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Radboud University, 09 november 2021 Promotores : Tendolkar, I., Schene, A.H., Fernandez, G.S.E. Co-promotor : Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van 219 p.

In 2015-2016, migration towards Europe has pressured on the EU asylum and migration systems, challenging the adequacy of the legal design of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). This impact on the implementation of both the CEAS and national asylum systems in practice called theurther harmonisation into question. This baseline study provides a comprehensive overview of the commentaries and evaluations that were made on the functioning of the CEAS between January 2014 and December 2017. The baseline study examines in particular the EU wide responses to the high influx of refugees, the hotspot approach, and the implementation and effectiveness of the Dublin system with regard to the determination of the responsible state for an asylum application. Furthermore, this study provides an overview of the main comments and evaluations dealing with the Procedure Directive, the Qualification Directive, and the Reception Directive, also taking into account new proposals of the European Commission.

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The article first sketches some main trends in the recent study of Augustine's Confessions as a work aimed at Manichaean readers. It then detects and analyses the Manichaean-inspired parts in Book X of the Confessions. Augustine's famous theory of memory seems to be directly inspired by Manichaean concepts such as found in the Coptic Manichaean Kephalaia. The article end with a number of conclusions.

The place of Alexander in history is based on one single writing. Alexander was neither converted to Manichaeism, nor was he a Christian bishop. In his treatise, Alexander reports that "some of those who have pursued the study of philosophy with me" converted to Manichaeism. This refers either to former colleagues during his student years in Alexandria, or (most likely) to some of his own pupils in Lycopolis. To Alexander, Manichaeism is a recent and very deviant form of Christian philosophy. His treatise opens with the apodeictic statement: "The philosophy of the Christians is termed simple". All we have is one accidental writing that fails to provide a systematic overview of Alexander's philosophy, but that aims to show the incompatibility of Manichaeism with the essentials of the major currents of Greek philosophy. Alexander's position in this school is, in all likelihood, somewhere between Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism. Keywords: Alexander's philosophy; Christian philosophy; Lycopolis; Manichaeism; Neoplatonism

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The article first sketches some main trends in the recent study of Augustine’s Confessions as a work aimed at Manichaean readers. It then detects and analyses the Manichaean-inspired parts in Book X of the Confessions. Augustine’s famous theory of memory seems to be directly inspired by Manichaean concepts such as found in the Coptic Manichaean Kephalaia. The article end with a number of conclusions.

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The article explores how Augustine of Hippo (354-430) deals with the Jews and Judaism. First it investigates the occurrence and meaning of the word "Iudaeus" in Augustine's works. It turns out that Augustine, unlike many a predecessor, does not make a sharp distinction between "Hebrew", "Israelite", and "Jew". Mainly on the basis of The City of God the role of the Jews in history is discussed. According to Augustine, all true believers (even those living before the time of Jesus) are "Christ believers" and are considered to belong to Christ's body, the Church. The diaspora of the Jews is evaluated both negatively and positively: negatively as a consequence of "their putting Christ to death"; positively since through the dispersion of the Jews their Scriptures have been dispersed as well and so provide "testimony to the truth taught by the Church". The so-called "mark of Cain" can not be interpreted as a predominantly positive sign: it provides protection indeed, but this divine protection is, once again, "for the benefit of the Church". Contrary to some current opinion, it is stressed that Augustine knew contemporary Jews in Roman North Africa quite well.

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In the design of interaction region (IR) quadrupoles for high luminosity colliders such as the LHC or a possible upgrade of the Tevatron, the radiation heating of the coil windings is an important issue. Two obvious solutions to this problem can be chosen. The first is to reduce the heat load by added shielding, increased cooling with fins or using Nb{sub 3}Sn to increase the temperature margin. The second solution eliminates the conductor from the areas with the highest radiation intensity, which are located on the symmetry-axes of the midplanes of the coils. A novel quadrupole design is presented, in which the conductor is wound on four half-moon shaped supports, forming elongated toroid sections. The assembly of the four shapes yields a quadrupole field with an active flux return path, and a void in the high radiation area. This void can be occupied by a liquid helium cooling pipe to lower the temperature of the windings from the inside. The coil layout, harmonic optimization and mechanical design are shown, together with the calculated temperature rise for the radiation load of the LHC interaction region quadrupoles.