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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-mde-10.1177_23821205231173289 for Academic and Wellness Outcomes Associated with use of Anki Spaced Repetition Software in Medical School by Jillian K Wothe, Lindsey J Wanberg, Rae D Hohle, Aliya A Sakher, Laura E Bosacker, Faizel Khan, Andrew PJ Olson and David J Satin in Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-mde-10.1177_23821205231173289 for Academic and Wellness Outcomes Associated with use of Anki Spaced Repetition Software in Medical School by Jillian K Wothe, Lindsey J Wanberg, Rae D Hohle, Aliya A Sakher, Laura E Bosacker, Faizel Khan, Andrew PJ Olson and David J Satin in Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

The project aimed to systematically describe and evaluate reported procedures for adapting a standardised assessment of language disabilities from one language to another

In this experiment we ask participants to diagnose written clinical cases while we have manipulated the perceived time pressure and objective time limits.

A meta-analysis of the effects of phenylketonuria (PKU) on cognitive functions Data and scripts used for the article: Meta-analyses of cognitive functions in early-treated adults with phenylketonuria Cristina Romani1, Andrew Olson2, Lynne Aitkenhead3 Lucy Baker1, Dhanesha Patel1, Francjan Van Spronsen4, Anita MacDonald5, Annemiek van Wegberg4 & Stephan Huijbregts6 1 Psychology Department, Aston University 2 Psychology Department, University of Birmingham 3 University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 4 Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital 5 Birmingham Women’ s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust 6 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University This asks whether PKU has domain-specific effects. We analyzed effect sizes from articles that measured cognitive impacts of PKU in specific cognitive domains. Scripts are R markdown files (.Rmd) and data are in .csv files

There is debate regarding whether most articulatory planning occurs offline (rather than online) and whether the products of off-line processing are stored in a separate articulatory buffer until a large enough chunk is ready for production. This hypothesis predicts that delayed naming conditions should reduce not only onset RTs but also word durations because articulatory plans will be buffered and kept ready. We have tested this hypothesis with young control speakers, an aphasic speaker , and an age and education-matched speaker, using repetition, reading and picture-naming tasks. Contrary to the off-line hypothesis, delayed conditions strongly reduced onset RTs, but had no benefit for word durations. In fact, we found small effects in the opposite direction. Moreover, frequency and imageability affected word durations even in delayed conditions, consistent with articulatory processing continuing on-line. The same pattern of results was found in CS and in control participants, strengthening confidence in our results. There is debate regarding whether most articulatory planning occurs offline (rather than online) and whether the results of off-line processing are stored in a separate articulatory buffer until a large enough chunk is ready for production. This hypothesis predicts that delayed naming conditions should reduce not only onset RTs but also word durations because articulatory plans will be buffered and kept ready. We have tested young control speakers, an aphasic speaker, and an age and education matched speaker, using repetition, reading and picture naming tasks. Contrary to the off-line hypothesis, delayed conditions strongly reduced onset RTs, but had no benefit for word durations. In fact, we found small effects in the opposite direction. Moreover, frequency and imageability affected word durations even in delayed conditions, consistent with articulatory processing continuing on-line. The same pattern of results was found in CS and in control participants, strengthening confidence in our results.

Additional file 4. This file contains Figures S1-S6.

Additional file 8. Review history.

Additional file 7: Table S6. Oligonucleotide and primer sequences.

The C. elegans protein kinase G ortholog, EGL-4, has been demonstrated to be involved in C. elegans egg laying and the initiation of dwelling, a behavioral state characterized in part by low rates of locomotion (Trent et al. 1983; Hao et al. 2011). Serotonin regulates C. elegans egg laying through all five identified serotonin receptors, and serotonin promotes the dwelling state through the mod-1 serotonin receptor (Trent et al. 1983; Hapiak et al. 2009; Flavell et al. 2013; Brewer et al. 2019). Given that serotonin plays a role in both the egg laying and dwelling behaviors that egl-4 regulates, we sought to determine if protein kinase G is required for C. elegans to respond to serotonin. Exogenous serotonin paralyzes wild-type C. elegans (Gürel et al. 2012). The assays shown in Figure 1A indicate that one loss-of-function mutant of egl-4 and two independent loss-of-function mutants of the egl-4 paralog, pkg-2 are resistant to paralysis by serotonin, similar to the previously-known serotonin resistant mutant elpc-3(ok2452) (Gürel et al.2012).The pkg-2(tm3878)and pkg-2(tm5814) alleles each carry deletions of sequences coding large portions of the conserved catalytic cGMP-dependent protein kinase domain of the PKG-2 protein, including the active site and ATP binding site (Hofmann et al. 1992), and thus we predict them to be null alleles. The egl-4(n479)mutation is an early stop codon prior to the kinase domain and n479 is thus also predicted to be a null allele (Fujiwara et al. 2002). The Mak lab isolated an egl-4 gain-of-function allele mg410 that gives rise to a K162N single amino acid substitution (Hao et al. 2011). This K162N mutation lies in the conserved pseudo-substrate motif of EGL-4, and is predicted to result in auto-phosphorylation even in the absence of cGMP, leading to constitutively active EGL-4 (Hao et al. 2011). Figure 1B demonstrates that this egl-4 gain-of-function mutant is hypersensitive to paralysis by serotonin, like the previously-known serotonin hypersensitive mutant mod-5(n3314) (Gürel et al. 2012), and in contrast to the serotonin-resistant egl-4 and pkg-2 loss-of-function mutants. Taken together these data indicate that the protein kinase G, egl-4, and its paralog pkg-2 mediate serotonin-induced paralysis of C. elegans. How do the protein kinase G orthologs, EGL-4 and PKG-2, mediate serotonin signaling in C. elegans? Previously our lab performed a forward genetic screen to identify proteins involved in serotonin signaling (Gürel et al. 2012). The proteins identified includedtwo serotonin receptors, SER-4 and MOD-1, and several of the other proteins were predicted to act in the SER-4 or MOD-1 pathways. SER-4 is a G protein coupled receptor (Olde and Mccombie 1997) and MOD-1 is a serotonin-gated chloride channel (Ranganathan et al. 2000). It is possible that protein kinase G is acting in the SER-4 or MOD-1 pathways to control the effects of serotonin on C. elegans locomotion. Alternatively, protein kinase G could act with the MOD-5 serotonin transporter (SERT). Prior work indicates that phosphorylation of mammalian SERT increases its activity and that protein kinase G acts in a pathway to stimulate SERT, although protein kinase G may not directly phosphorylate SERT (Miller and Hoffman 1994; Kilic et al. 2003; Ramamoorthy et al. 2007; Wong et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2016). However, additional studies indicate that stimulation of cGMP pathways reduces SERT activity in certain cell types (Pogun et al. 1994; Asano et al. 1997). It is possible that C. elegans protein kinase G negatively regulates MOD-5 function.

This data set contains one hour of 20 frames per second video images from each of fiveC. elegansgenotypes, n=3 animals per genotype. The data is found in .LSM files taken of worms thatexpress mCherry (red channel) and GCaMP (green channel) in the vulval muscles of these worms. The .LSM files are the raw data used to calculate a ratio of calcium-dependent GFP fluorescence to static red fluorescence. Regions of interest representing the vulval muscles were first identified using Volocity software by finding image regions with mCherry signals above background that also were above a specified size limit. Peaks in the intensity of the GCaMP/mCherry ratio were automatically identified by a Matlab script, then the video corresponding to each peak was viewed by an experimenter blinded to the genotype of the animal being analyzed to classify each peak by its presence or absence within the type 1 and/or type 2 vulva muscle cells (vm1 / vm 2).The timepoint for each peak and the classification of activity for each peak are included in this dataset in a spreadsheet. The genotypes in this data set are: Wild type (N2) tph-1(deletion in serotonin biosynthesis gene) nlp-3(deletion in a specific neuropeptide gene) tph-1; nlp-3double mutant egl-1(mutation that triggers premature cell death in the egg-laying command neuron)

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a method of non-invasive brain stimulation widely used to modulate cognitive functions. Recent studies, however, suggests that effects are unreliable, small and often non-significant at least when stimulation is applied in a single session to healthy individuals. We examined the effects of frontal and temporal lobe anodal tDCS on naming and reading tasks and considered possible interactions with linguistic activation and selection mechanisms as well possible interactions with item difficulty and participant individual variability. Across four separate experiments (N, Exp 1A = 18; 1B = 20; 1C = 18; 2 = 17), we failed to find any difference between real and sham stimulation. Moreover, we found no evidence of significant effects limited to particular conditions (i.e., those requiring suppression of semantic interference), to a subset of participants or to longer RTs. Our findings sound a cautionary note on using tDCS as a means to modulate cognitive performance. Consistent effects of tDCS may be difficult to demonstrate in healthy participants in reading and naming tasks, and be limited to cases of pathological neurophysiology and/or to the use of learning paradigms.

Briarosaccus auratum N. SP. Host: Lithodes aequispinus Holotype: One externa removed from its host, L. aequispinus, Southeastern Alaska. Museum number YPM 74282. Paraype: One externa removed from its host, L. aequispinus, Southeastern Alaska. Museum number YPM 74383. Molecular reference data: GenBank accession numbers KR812199 to KR812208 for COI, and KR812147 to KR812156 for 16S Etymology: The species is named after its host L. aequispinus, which is known as the golden king crab.

Briarosaccus auratum N. SP. Host: Lithodes aequispinus Holotype: One externa removed from its host, L. aequispinus, Southeastern Alaska. Museum number YPM 74282. Paraype: One externa removed from its host, L. aequispinus, Southeastern Alaska. Museum number YPM 74383. Molecular reference data: GenBank accession numbers KR812199 to KR812208 for COI, and KR812147 to KR812156 for 16S Etymology: The species is named after its host L. aequispinus, which is known as the golden king crab., Published as part of Noever, Christoph, Olson, Andrew & Glenner, Henrik, 2016, Two new cryptic and sympatric species of the king crab parasite Briarosaccus (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) in the North Pacific, pp. 3-14 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12304, http://zenodo.org/record/4720599

Rhizocephalan barnacles have been reported to parasitize a wide range of king crab species (Lithodidae). So far all these parasites have been assigned to a single species, Briarosaccus callosus Boschma, 1930, which is assumed to have a global distribution. Here we investigate Briarosaccus specimens from three different king crab hosts from the fjord systems of Southeastern Alaska: Lithodes aequispinus Benedict, 1895, Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815), and Paralithodes platypus (Brandt, 1850). Using molecular markers and by morphological comparison we show that Briarosaccus specimens from these three commercial exploited king crabs are in fact morphologically distinct from B. callosus, and further represent two separate species which we describe. The two new species, Briarosaccus auratum n. sp. and B. regalis n. sp., are cryptic by morphological means and were identified as distinct species by the use of genetic markers (COI and 16S). They occur sympatrically, yet no overlap in king crab hosts occurs, with B. auratum n. sp. only found on L. aequispinus, and B. regalis n. sp. as parasite of the two Paralithodes hosts. publishedVersion

The bulk properties of materials and biological systems depend on their microscale behavior. This is intuitive to chemists who are used to thinking of molecular constituents dictating chemical properties at the macroscale. This bottom-up understanding of materials can be extended to mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus, catastrophic failure modes, which can begin as nanoscale void formation, and polymer chain deformations that occur during mechanical loading. Such fundamental mechanical properties are also crucial in biology, where the viability of an organism is dependent on cell function and behavior. For example, tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer depends on the ability of a cancerous cell to generate traction forces and move through the body.This dissertation details recent developments on the tetrapod quantum dot (tQD) as a fluorescence stress probe. The nanometer size and optical properties of the tQD make it uniquely suitable for studying forces and mechanisms of mechanical deformation at the smallest length scales. First, background is provided on colloidal semiconductor quantum dots in general and the tetrapod in particular. Second, development and application of the tQD in synthetic polymer materials is discussed. Third, applications of the tQD as a sensor for cellular biophysics are demonstrated. Finally, further characterization of single tQD properties and future studies are discussed and proposed.

Here, we report the NMR solution structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) thioredoxin C in both oxidized and reduced states, with discussion of structural changes that occur in going between redox states. The NMR solution structure of the oxidized TrxC corresponds closely to that of the crystal structure, except in the C-terminal region. It appears that crystal packing effects have caused an artifactual shift in the α4 helix in the previously reported crystal structure, compared with the solution structure. On the basis of these TrxC structures, chemical shift mapping, a previously reported crystal structure of the M. tuberculosis thioredoxin reductase (not bound to a Trx) and structures for intermediates in the E. coli thioredoxin catalytic cycle, we have modeled the complete M. tuberculosis thioredoxin system for the various steps in the catalytic cycle. These structures and models reveal pockets at the TrxR/TrxC interface in various steps in the catalytic cycle, which can be targeted in the design of uncompetitive inhibitors as potential anti-mycobacterial agents, or as chemical genetic probes of function.

Category-specific disorders are frequently explained by suggesting that living and non-living things are processed in separate subsystems (e.g. Caramazza & Shelton, 1998). If subsystems exist, there should be benefits for normal processing, beyond the influence of structural similarity. However, no previous study has separated the relative influences of similarity and semantic category. We created novel examples of living and non-living things so category and similarity could be manipulated independently. Pre-tests ensured that our images evoked appropriate semantic information and were matched for familiarity. Participants were trained to associate names with the images and then performed a name-verification task under two levels of time pressure. We found no significant advantage for living things alongside strong effects of similarity. Our results suggest that similarity rather than category is the key determinant of speed and accuracy in normal semantic processing. We discuss the implications of this finding for neuropsychological studies. © 2005 Psychology Press Ltd.

Poster A QoS-Based Semi-Automatic Design Space Exploration and Assurance Toolkit for Distributed Real-Time and Embedded Heterogeneous Components

Assuring quality of service (QoS) requirements is critical when assembling a distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) system from a repository of existing software and hardware components. This paper presents a two-level approach for assuring satisfaction of QoS requirements in the context of a reduced design space for DRE systems. Techniques from arti¯cial intelligence and statistics are used to ful¯ll these collective objectives at system assembly time. The result not only lessens the overhead of validation of QoS require- ments at run-time, but also reduces the development and integration cost of DRE systems.

Component-based software composition offers a development approach with reduced time-to-market and cost while achieving enhanced productivity, quality and maintainability. Existent work on the composition paradigm focuses on static composition, which is not sufficient in a distributed environment, in which both constituent components and the assembled distributed system are subject to dynamic adaptation. This paper presents two types of dynamic composition for distributed components: assertive and autonomous over a .NET based Web Services environment. Three case studies are provided to illustrate the use of assertive and autonomous composition.

Proceedings of the 2001 Monterey Workshop (Sponsored by DARPA, ONR, ARO and AFOSR), pp: 109-119, Monterey, CA, 2001 Distributed systems are omnipresent these days. Creating efficient and robust software for such systems is a highly complex task. One possible approach to developing distributed software is based on the integration of heterogeneous sofwtare components that are scattered across many machines. In this paper, a comprehensive framework that will allow a seamless integration of distributed heterogeneous software components is proposed. This framework involves: a) a metamodel for components and associated hierarchical setup for indicating the contracts and constraints of the components. b) an automatic generation of glues and wrappers, based on a designer's specifications, for achieving interoperability, c) a formal mechanism for precisely describing the meta-model, and d) a formalization of quality of service (QoS) offered by each component and ensemble of components. A case study from the domain of distributed information filtering is described in the context of this framework. This material is based upon work supported by, or in part by, the U.S. Office of Naval Research under award number N00014-01-1-0746. This material is based upon work supported by, or in part by, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under contract/grant number 40473-MA.