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Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period, and if untreated could lead to complications. This study, carried out at the Igbinedion university teaching hospital Okada to ascertain some hematological parameters, using 69 known diabetes patients who enrolled as an Out-patient in the General Out- Patient Department and 69 non- diabetes apparently healthy individuals as control. Thirty- nine of these diabetic individuals were female, while thirty were male individuals. For the non- diabetic individuals, thirty- seven were female, and thirty-two were male representing 53.6% and 46.4% respectively. Ethical approval from the institution was sought prior to commencement of study and quality control of reagents was strictly maintained. Five millilitres of whole blood was collected into an Ethylene Diamine Tetra-Acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated bottle, and haematological parameters including PCV, HB, WBC, RBC,MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet count were conducted for all individuals. Result obtained for Diabetic individuals showed a mean value of 34.63, 11.24, 4.41, 7.20 and 204.27 for PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC and platelets counts respectively, while for non-diabetic individuals, a mean value of 35.04, 10.09, 3.99, 7.07 and 262.56 respectively.Hb concentration and RBC count were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The Red cell indices, MCV and MCHC, were statistically significant. This study showed a statistically significant variation in some hematological parameters of diabetic patients compared to control group .Low platelet count and alteration to red cell morphology as indicated in values of MCV and MCHC among diabetic patients are indicators of thrombotic potential. Hence, routine screening of hematological parameters should be considered for proper management of diabetic patients.

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic, and toothpaste sensitivity of oral streptococcal isolates in healthy individuals in the Okada community of Nigeria. Methods: Oral samples were collected from 230 volunteers and were subjected to standard microbiological tests. Antibacterial sensitivity tests were carried out on the streptococcal isolates that were obtained using a disk diffusion technique, and eight kinds of toothpaste (A-H) were screened for their antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) . Results: The prevalence of oral streptococci found in this study was 26.1% and the predominant species was S . salivarius (13.9%). S. salivarius was highly resistant to cloxacillin (100%) and Augmentin (96.9%), whilst resistance to gentamicin and erythromycin was low at 21.9% and 3.1% respectively. S. mutans were completely sensitive to gentamicin whilst resistance to erythromycin was 33.3%. The entire Streptococcus species showed the lowest resistance to erythromycin (20.0%), followed by gentamicin (31.7%). At 100 mg/mL all toothpaste samples had antibacterial effects on S. mutans . At 50 mg/mL all samples except toothpastes G and H inhibited the bacterium. Toothpastes A and E had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 mg/mL. Conclusion s: Toothpastes A and E were the most effective toothpastes of the eight assessed in this study.