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Additional file 2. Fig. S1. DMRs of the genes in network 2 in livers of the Japanese and Italian HCC patients.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Commonly observed genes in HCC (GSE89852 and GSE56588) and NAFLD (JGAS00000000059 and GSE31803).

Background: The comparative tolerability, efficacy, and safety of bisoprolol and carvedilol have not been established in Japanese patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods and Results: The CIBIS-J trial is a multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial of bisoprolol vs. carvedilol in 217 patients with HFrEF (EF

平成27年度衝撃波シンポジウム (2016年3月7日-9日. 熊本大学 黒髪南地区）熊本市, 熊本県, Symposium on Shock Waves in Japan, FY2015 (March 7-9, 2016. Kumamoto University), Kurokami Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan, 資料番号: SA6000049126, レポート番号: P-14【若】

Strong electromagnetic stirring enables promotion of interfacial reaction between slag and metal in ladle refining processes. This study elucidates the interfacial phenomena through plant scale experiments by using stationary alternative current (AC) electromagnetic field, cold models to make clear the hydrodynamic behavior of fluids, and the numerical simulation of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and chemical reaction analyses. They revealed that the enhancement of the interfacial reaction is strongly related to the state of the slag-metal interface and that there exist critical values of the intensity of electromagnetic power supply, which govern the reaction rate.

The effects of top blowing and bottom stirring conditions during steelmaking in a 6 t basic oxygen furnace (BOF) were investigated in studies with the aim of suppressing excessive oxidation. With low oxygen feed rate and high stirring energy, the apparent partial pressure of CO P′CO was calculated from the equilibrium of carbon and oxygen in molten steel as being

In Japan, the hot metal pretreatment process has been developed to refine hot metal under conditions where each impurity can be removed most efficiently. At Nippon Steel, three types of hot metal pretreatment process, using torpedo car, hot metal ladle, or LD converter, are employed, that make a great contribution to the reduction of slag volume. Recently, Nippon Steel has developed a new hot metal pretreatment called the multirefining converter (MURC) process, in which dephosphorisation and decarburisation are carried out continuously in the same converter. Nevertheless, since the dephosphorisation efficiency of CaO is less than 30%, CaO is now being used in far greater quantities than that stoichiometrically required to make 3CaO.P2O5. As hot metal dephosphorisation is a non-equilibrium reaction, in which hot metal is in contact with slag whose oxygen activity differs greatly from that of hot metal, it is important to increase the interfacial oxygen activity. From the results of a fundamental ex...

Monitor of all-sky image (MAXI) Gas Slit Camera (GSC) detects gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) including the bursts with soft spectra, such as X-ray flashes (XRFs). MAXI/GSC is sensitive to the energy range from 2 to 30 keV. This energy range is lower than other currently operating instruments which is capable of detecting GRBs. Since the beginning of the MAXI operation on August 15, 2009, GSC observed 35 GRBs up to the middle of 2013. One third of them are also observed by other satellites. The rest of them show a trend to have soft spectra and low fluxes. Because of the contribution of those XRFs, the MAXI GRB rate is about three times higher than those expected from the BATSE log N - log P distribution. When we compare it to the observational results of the Wide-field X-ray Monitor on the High Energy Transient Explorer 2, which covers the the same energy range to that of MAXI/GSC, we find a possibility that many of MAXI bursts are XRFs with Epeak lower than 20 keV. We discuss the source of soft GRBs observed only by MAXI. The MAXI log N - log S distribution suggests that the MAXI XRFs distribute in closer distance than hard GRBs. Since the distributions of the hardness of galactic stellar flares and X-ray bursts overlap with those of MAXI GRBs, we discuss a possibility of a confusion of those galactic transients with the MAXI GRB samples., 12 figures

In several genome-wide association studies, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alanine aminotransferase susceptibility variants have been identified in several genes, including LYPLAL1, ZP4, GCKR, HSD17B13, PALLD, PPP1R3B, FDFT1, TRIB1, COL13A1, CPN1, ERLIN1, CWF19L1, EFCAB4B, PZP, and NCAN. To investigate the relationship between these genes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Japanese population, we genotyped 540 patients and 1012 control subjects for 18 variations. We performed logistic regression analyses to characterize the association between the tested variations and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolic syndrome and histological traits were also analyzed by linear regression. We also examined GCKR rs780094, TRIB1 rs2954021, and PNPLA3 rs738409 for epistatic effects. The A-allele of rs780094 in GCKR (P = 0.0024) and the A-allele of rs2954021 TRIB1 (P = 4.5×10-5) were significantly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. GCKR rs780094 was also associated with decreased plasma glucose, and increased triglycerides in the patient and control groups. GCKR rs780094 was also associated with an increased ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat area in the patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Variations in GCKR, TRIB1, and PNPLA3 independently influenced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and had no epistatic effects. Our data suggest variations in GCKR and TRIB1 are involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The authors propose a new refining process, by which hot metal is dephosphorized and decarburized continuously in the same basic-oxygen furnace, with intermediate deslagging following dephosphorization. After decarburization, slag is kept inside the furnace and reused to dephosphorize the next charge so as to minimize the quantity of slag discharge. Experiments were made to clarify the properties of this process, using an 8-ton experimental converter. The results confirmed high productivity or a higher rate of dephosphorzation achievable with an increased rate of oxygen blowing and the addition of iron o?e. Because of the dephosphorization by low-basicity slag and the ho - recycling of decarburization-slag to dephosphorize the next charge, line consumption was relatively low. The proper conditions of this process, such as the slag composition for dephosphorization rate of oxygen supply, bottom agitation, and rate of intermediate deslagging, are also discussed, based on the experimental results.

It is important to know the behavior of jets from a top-blown lance in order to control the reactions in the converter. However, there are few studies on the jet characteristics under incorrect expansion and the interference behavior of multiple jets. In this study, the characteristics of jet under incorrect expansion and the interference behavior of multiple jets were investigated by experiments using a cold model. Furthermore, hot model experiments using a 6 t converter were conducted in order to investigate the correlation between the velocity of jet and dust generation. There is good correlation between dust generation and the velocity of jet, and dust decreases by utilizing incorrect expansion for soft-blow.

The formation of bubbles at a nozzle and subsequent rising behavior of them in a molten iron bath at 1250°C were observed using a high-voltage X-ray fluoroscope and a high-speed video camera. The frequency of bubble formation at the nozzle exit, the mean bubble diameter and the mean bubble rising velocity were obtained for a side range of injected argon gas flow rate. Empirical correlations of these quantities were proposed and compared with previously published experimental data and empirical correlations.It has been commonly believed that the frequency of bubble formation at a nozzle placed in a molten metal bath depends solely on the gas flow rate and the outer diameter of the nozzle when the gas flow rate is relatively high and the wettability between the nozzle material and the molten metal is bad. The present experimental results, however, revealed that the frequency of bubble formation has a close relationship not with the outer diameter but with the inner diameter of the nozzle for a higher gas flow rate. Furthermore, the bubble frequency depended on the gas flow rate and the physical properties of gas and molten metal. The critical gas flow rate for the initiation of small bubbles due to disintegration of large bubbles coming from the nozzle exit was approximately 60 cm3/s under the present experimental conditions. The bubble behavior near the bath surface also was made clear.

Physical model of slag foaming was developed by using results of cold and hot model experiments. The bubble size at the slag/metal interface, the void fraction of foam and the film life of a bubble at the top surface of slag were calculated. The governing factors of slag foaming have been clarified with this model. It was confirmed that the bubble size at the slag/metal interface is determined basically by the static balance between the buoyancy force and the adhesive force to the slag/metal interface. It was resulted that the slag/metal interfacial tension and the surface tension of metal also affect the foam height besides the surface tension and the viscosity of slag because they change the bubble size.

制度:新 ; 報告番号:甲3085号 ; 学位の種類:博士(法学) ; 授与年月日:2010/3/1 ; 早大学位記番号:新5352

In the smelting reduction process of the thick slag layer type, it is important to keep slag height stably without abnormal slag foaming. This study investigated the mechanism of slag foaming control with carbonaceous materials by experiments using a 1-ton smelting reduction furnace and by X-ray fluoroscopic observation of phenomena occurring in a small graphite crucible. As the carbonaceous material was not wettable with slag, small bubbles coalesced on its surface. Because the large bubbles due to the coalescence of small bubbles rise through the foaming slag layer at a relatively high speed, the foaming of slag may be restrained. It was found that the smaller the size of the carbonaceous material was, the more effective was the carbonaceous material in controlling the foaming of slag. A certain extent of relative motion between carbonaceous material and slag was necessary to promote the coalescence of small bubbles. It was experimentally confirmed that the smelting reduction in 100-ton scale furnace can stably operate under the condition that the carbonaceous material is present in a sufficient amount in the slag.

著者人数: 43名, Accepted: 2013-06-24, 資料番号: SA1004570000

Previous studies of the reversible unfolding of α-lactalbumin in the acid to neutral pH region have shown that the unfolding transition with guanidine hydrochloride involves a stable intermediate which is similar to a partially unfolded state produced by acid transition. In order to clarify how the interaction of ionizable groups takes part in stabilization of the native structure during the folding of the protein, the transitions were further investigated in the alkaline region in the presence of the denaturant by means of circular dichroism, difference spectra and pH-jump measurements, and the effects of pH on the equilibrium and kinetics of the unfolding in the whole pH region are discussed. The alkaline state is indistinguishable from the acid state in equilibrium and kinetic properties. Thus, as a first approximation, the total unfolding in the whole pH region can be expressed as a three-state mechanism involving the native (N), the intermediate (A), and the fully unfolded (D) states. The strong pH dependence of the N⇄A transition above pH 10 is almost entirely ascribable to the abnormal tyrosines in the N state previously detected by the pH-jump titration method, while the dependence between pH 7 and 10 also suggests the presence of an abnormal α-amino group. The normalization of most of the alkaline and the acidic abnormally ionizable groups in the N state occurs simultaneously in the first step of the unfolding pathway, i.e., the forward activation of the N⇄A transition, and the final step of the folding may be associated with the interaction of the ionizable groups. Among the abnormally ionizable groups detected, the tyrosyl and carboxyl groups are most important in view of the large changes in their pK values, suggesting the presence of some interactions, even if only indirect, between these groups. Alignment data of amino acid residues also suggest that at least one such abnormal tyrosyl residue (Tyr 50) and its neighbors are conserved throughout in the α-lactalbumin-lysozyme group of proteins. Possible mechanisms of the interaction between the tyrosyl and carboxyl groups are discussed.