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KLS, also called recurrent hypersomnia, is a sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia associated with cognitive and behavioral disturbances such as confusion, derealisation, apathy, compulsive eating, and hypersexuality. In this article, we aim to present a case with a history of traumatic brain injury who had been suffering from memory disturbance and came in an unresponsive state. He met several therapists and hospitalized several times. Through reviewing his history, we point out some diagnosis and discuss the probable effect of stressful life events on such patients with impaired memory system. The patient has received these medications during hospitalization in neurology ward pantoprazole 40mg po Qd, amantadine 100mg po BID, modafinil 100mg po TID in addition to diazepam and heparin in bedside. In this case, combination therapy and using hypnosis with family support and cooperation in several medical visits seems to be effective for early treatment.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and secondary photoreceptor loss, resulting in visual loss. Etiological research suggests that age related macular degeneration is a complex disease, caused by the interactions of several genetic and environmental factors. Polymorphisms in genes encoding the alternative complement pathway, complement factor I (CFI), are associated with the risk for age related macular degeneration. The purpose of this investigation was studying of complement factor I p.Gly119Arg (C.355G>A) polymorphism with age related macular degeneration in the population living in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Tabriz University from June 2015 to June 2016. In this study the association of p.Gly119Arg polymorphism in complement factor I gene was investigated in 150 patients suffering from age-related macular degeneration and 150 healthy age, sex and ethnicity matched unrelated people as control group. Both of the case and control groups were originated from the population living in Tehran. Genotypes of both groups were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and data was analyzed the Chi-square test in 2x2.Contingency table. Results: Investigation of the association of p.Gly119Arg polymorphism in complement factor I gene with age related macular degeneration showed that there are statistically significant differences between patients and controls in genotype and allele frequencies of this polymorphism (P=0.005 and OR=6.68 in TT, P=0.04 and OR=0.61 in CC, P=0.03 and OR=1.76 in T, P=0.04 and OR=0.56 in C). Therefore CC, TT genotypes and C, T alleles were significantly associated with age related macular degeneration. Conclusion: This study showed a significant association between this polymorphism p.Gly119Arg (C.355G>A) complement factor I gene and age related macular degeneration disease in the population living in Tehran (P

This study was conducted to examine morphometric and meristic characteristics alongside pigmentation patterns of bream larvae, Abramis brama orientalis, in four stages of larval development. Morphological characters including total length (TL), standard length (SL), notochord length (NL), head length (HL), head depth (HD), eye diameter (ED) and mouth width (MW) were examined from hatching time through 30 days after hatching (DAH). The results showed morphometric variations in the different larval stages. Growth and development of fins occurred mainly at the Post Flexion stage with the completion of caudal fin at 9 mm TL and pelvic fin at 13.33 mm TL. At all larval stages, the highest concentration of pigments was seen on dorsal, ventral and somewhat on the lateral sides of body in descending order. The highest density of melanophores at larvae yolk sac stage was observed on the yolk sac and the back of head zone, while at preflexion and flexion stages melanophores were dominant on the back of head and on the skin folds which resulted from yolk absorption. At post flexion stage, high density of melanophores was found on the back of the head, bases of fins and caudal fin, while less concentrations of these cells were evident on the lateral sides of fish' body. In conclusion, a clear change in the growth and main morphological characters were observed in postflexion stage. This may be due to the main development of fins, which would suggest enhanced swimming capabilities and also prey capture efficiencies.

Apart from the breast milk, infant formula and baby weaning food have a special role in infant diet. Infants and young children are very susceptible to amount of trace elements. Copper and zinc are two elements that add in infant food. Lead and cadmium are heavy metals that enter to food chain unavoidably. DPASV is a benefit and applicable method for measurement of trace elements in food products. In this study, concentration of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in four brands of baby food (rice and wheat based) and powder milk was analyzed with DPASV and polarograph set. Total Mean ± SE of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in baby foods (n = 240) were 11.86 ± 1.474 mg/100g, 508.197 ± 83.154 μg/100g, 0.445 ± 0.006, 0.050 ± 0.005 mg/Kg respectively. Also these amount in powder milk (n = 240) were 3.621± 0.529 mg/100g, 403.822 ± 133.953 μg/100g, 0.007 ± 0.003, 0.060 ± 0.040 mg/Kg respectively. Zinc level in baby food type I was higher than lablled value (P = 0.030), but in other brands was not difference. Concentration of copper in all of samples was in labeled range (P > 0.05). In each four products, level of lead and cadmium were lower than the standard limit (P < 0.05). Amount of zinc and lead in baby food I, had difference versus other products. Concentration of zinc, camium in baby food type I, was higher than type II (P = 0.043, 0.001 respectively). Concentration of lead and cadmium in baby food type II, was higher than infant formulas, but are in standard limit.