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Objective: To determine the frequency of neglected renal calculi in patients with acute kidney injury. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted at the division of nephrology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from 26/09/2021- 26/03/2022. Data was collected from 214 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Detailed clinical history was taken to confirm the patient did not know about the presence of previous stone disease. After confirming the acute kidney injury, bio-chemical investigations including serum urea, serum creatinine, serum calcium, urine analysis, and radiological investigation i.e. ultrasound KUB, X-ray KUB. When needed IUV and CT scan KUB was also done for the confirmation of the renal stones. Results: In this study, the mean age was 52 years ± 13.81. Sixty-seven percent of patients were male, while 33% were female. Twelve percent of patients had neglected renal calculi, while 88% of patients didn’t have neglected renal calculi. Conclusion: Our study concluded that 12% of patients presented with Acute Kidney Injury at a tertiary care hospital had neglected renal stones. Keywords: Neglected renal calculi, Acute Kidney Injury.

Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a serious public health emergency of global concern. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptidase domain is important for the cellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Germline variants in ACE2 peptidase domain may influence the susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity in the host population. ACE2 genetic analysis among Caucasians showed inconclusive results. This is the first Asian study investigating the contribution of ACE2 germline variants to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Pakistani population. Methods In total, 442 individuals, including SARS-CoV-2-positive (n=225) and SARS-CoV-2-negative (n=217) were screened for germline variants in ACE2peptidase domain (exons 2, 3, 9, and 10) using high resolution melting and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analyses followed by DNA sequencing of variant fragments. The identified variant was analyzed by in silico tools for potential effect on ACE2 protein. Results A missense variant, p.Lys26Arg, was identified in one SARS-CoV-2-positive (1/225; 0.4%) and three SARS-CoV-2-negative (3/217; 1.4%) individuals. No significant difference in the minor allele frequency of this variant was found among SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative individuals (1/313; 0.3% versus 3/328; 0.9%; P=0.624), respectively. The SARS-CoV-2-positive patient carrying p.Lys26Arg showed mild COVID-19 disease symptoms. It was predicted as benign variant by in silico tool. No variant was detected in ACE2 residues important for binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Conclusion The p.Lys26Arg variant may have no association with SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in Pakistani population. Whole ACE2 gene screening is warranted to clarify its role in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

With the passage of time usage of social media has been enlarged. Hence, it has enhanced the risk of youth being bullied and has appeared such as a huge concern for parents, instructors as well as other working professionals remarkably. Objectives of this research was to identified the opinions of students about the presence, occurrence and exposure of cyber bullying behavior also the negative effects of cyberbullying on student’s thoughts and emotions. The sample consisted of 10 male students of five universities of Punjab in Pakistan. In this way qualitative research methods, semi-structured interview was conducted with each student who identify the individual opinions and behaviors. This type of qualitative research was a case study that was preferred the phenomena of cyber bullying. Content analysis was used to interpret the phenomena. As a result of this analysis, students on exhibited cyberbullying behaviors according to their individualities, their emotions of anger, sadness and hate were more often showed. The results of this research were reflected in the findings and suggestions persuaded for cyber victims. It was further recommended that psychological counselors should work in higher education institutions.

Manuskrip Melayu merupakan khazanah berharga yang mencatatkan rekod pemerintahan dan pentadbiran sesebuah kerajaan kesultanan Melayu. Menerusi catatan peristiwa tersebut, terdapat pelbagai ilmu yang dapat diselongkar sebagai pustaka watan. Pustaka watan ialah himpunan ilmu tempatan yang memberi kemaslahatan kepada masyarakat selain membuktikan ketinggian keintelektualan zaman silam yang dapat diwarisi. Antara ilmu yang dapat dikenal pasti ialah ilmu diplomatik. Ilmu diplomatik ialah pengetahuan tentang pengurusan hal ehwal hubungan antarabangsa sesebuah kerajaan. Perkembangan pengurusan serta pengukuhan kestabilan pemerintahan kesultanan Melayu adalah bersandarkan cetusan hubungan ini. Kepelbagaian perkongsian sumber organisasi dan bahan semula jadi menjadikan hubungan antara dua atau lebih kerajaan menjadi akrab dan dapat membina hubungan atas dasar percaya dan keyakinan masing-masing. Namun demikian, ilmu diplomatik sebagai pustaka watan masih lagi belum berkembang kajiannya. Oleh itu, makalah ini akan menghuraikan serta menganalisis ilmu diplomatik sebagai pustaka watan dengan menggunakan Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa sebagai bahan perbincangan. Dalam pada itu, kaedah kepustakaan dan juga analisis teks digunakan untuk mencapai objektif kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa secara keseluruhannya terdapat bentuk dan juga kaedah pengendalian ilmu diplomatik sebagai pustaka watan menerusi naskhah terpilih. Kajian ini dapat menyumbangkan pengetahuan kepada pengkaji bidang lain yang berkaitan agar memanfaatkan data yang telah direkodkan oleh para ilmuwan terdahulu dalam manuskrip Melayu.

Virtual education is a mode of education that is an opportunity for learners through synchronous and asynchronous educational technologies. This study aimed to find out the perspective of virtual 'Education-for-All' in higher education in Pakistan. It could not be underestimated as it was a vast job opportunity and a second opportunity for individuals. The population of this study was postgraduate learners of the Virtual University of Pakistan. The sample was drawn by using multi-staged random sampling techniques. At the first stage, 15 campuses (three from the university's own and twelve from affiliated campuses) were selected. At the second stage, 30 postgraduate students from each selected campus were selected randomly to make a total of 450 for the sample. The data was collected through a questionnaire developed on a five-pointed Likert scale. The research findings showed that the virtual education mode ensures 'Education-for-All' facilities for learners beyond gender biasness, geographical boundaries, cultural barriers, and in-service individuals. It was recommended that virtual education should expand at a large scale to provide the opportunity to the majority of the population.

Background. Individual involvement in sports activity is rising and thus increases the risk of knee injury. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture is the most common knee injury requiring ACL reconstruction (ACLR). However, limited evidence is available to date on ACLR characteristics in Malaysia for comparison with Western countries. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristic of ACLR surgery and the trend of pre-operative physiotherapy (pre-habilitation). Materials and methods. ACLR cases recorded in a tertiary hospital database between January 2015 and December 2020 were extracted and reviewed. This retrospective study was approved by the hospital’s Research Ethics Committee (UKMPPI/111/8/JEP-2020-500). All ACLR cases involving sports injuries were included with the exclusion of non-sports related injuries. Yearly ACLR cases were retrieved using an Injury Information form containing variables namely age, gender, type of ACL tear, accompanying meniscus injury, duration from injury to surgery and pre-habilitation details. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sample data. Results. A total of 131 ACLR cases were reported between 2015 and2020 (Male, n =122; Female, n = 25). The number of ACLR cases fluctuated during the observed years, with a maximum of 30 cases reported in a year and 98% of the cases were represented by the youth age group (15 – 47 years old). The average age at time of surgery was 27.1 (± 7.79). On an average, 80% of athletes stated no history of previous knee injury. The most common type of ACL injury was a complete tear (88%), followed by partial tear (9%), and re-rupture (3%). A meniscus injury was noted in 61% of cases. The time from injury to surgery was 15 weeks. The study found low percentage of the ACLR patients who received pre-habilitation prior to surgery (

The study under the purpose was planned to examine the relationship of secondary level teachers’ social recognition with their self-esteem. The study was descriptive and correlational by its nature as it aimed to render the perceptions of participants and correlation of variables. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted to pick the sample of study from population of secondary school teachers of the Punjab. At first stage four districts were selected randomly and at second stage 80 schools were selected and then five teachers from each selected schools were selected to make the total sample (N = 400) secondary school teachers. The data were collected from the selected secondary school teachers by using two questionnaires. The data were analyzed by applying statistical techniques as a mean score, independent sample t-test, Pearson “r” and One-way ANOVA, and post hoc tests to draw the results. It was concluded that there was weak and insignificant relationship existed between teachers’ self-esteem and social recognition. So, it is recommended that there should be psychological practices of social recognition to associate with their self-esteem and needed to conduct research in Pakistani context.

Spatial ability is reflected to be one of the major abilities that appear especially essential in learning and doing mathematics. The present study is aimed at observing the spatial ability in geometry among secondary school students and teachers teaching mathematics. Objective of the study was to compare the spatial ability of the students of urban and rural secondary schools. To achieve the above objective, following null hypothesis was tested; there is no significant difference between urban and rural secondary schools’ students on spatial abilities. A total of 400 students studying in 9th class from sixteen schools were randomly selected as the sample of the study. The study was conducted with the help of an empirical research design. Different Spatial Ability Tests were developed to measure spatial ability. For the purpose of data collection, observation sheets and test items were developed to investigate the performance of the students. Different statistical techniques like Mean, Standard Deviation, and t-test were applied to analyze the collected data. The study is equally significant for all secondary school students as well as for researchers and curriculum developers. Major conclusions of the study were; urban private secondary school students performed better than the others (government urban, government rural and private rural). Main recommendation was; curriculum was relevant hence it was retained.

The purpose of the current study was to explore how participation in sports is related to the development of an important psychological skill of multiple intelligence of university student-athletes. A cross-sectional survey research design was conducted to examine the relationship between sport participation and multiple intelligence using a sample of 409 students who participated in an Annual Sports organized by different Universities for 2020-202. Some results were not corresponding with the literature. However, participation in sports has a significant role in developing multiple intelligence (p < .05). Results showed gender was the significant predictor; female student-athletes were less likely to sports participation (p < .05). Based on these results, it can be concluded that sport played an important role in developing multiple intelligence among university student-athletes. Keeping into consideration the limitations of the study, further investigation is required to validate the findings. The current study attempted to provide practical information for a program called University Sport at Public Sector Universities, which assists students and connects them to develop their psychological skills and especially multiple intelligence.

The main focus of present study was to examine effect of socio-economic status (social and financial support) upon the motivation of student-athletes of all public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The present study has also been focused upon mediating role of coach behavior in motivation the student-athletes. Cross-sectional research design was used for present study. The 1754 male and 190 female student-athletes were selected as population of the study. Three different extracted variables from the literature i.e. Socio-economic status (predictor) athlete motivation (criterion) and coach behavior (mediator). The polite testing was practiced for the purpose of reliability with help of Cronbach alpha coefficient. The Cronbach alpha score of socio-economic status scale was .729, coach behavior .729 and athlete motivation .843 which is fall in good zone. Personal visit was made for data collection by researcher. The return rate of responses was observed 90% (151 out 171). The process of Baron and Kenny approach was used for mediation with help of SPSS version 26 for analyses. The results of the current study indicated that there is a significant role of the coach behavior as mediator between the socio-economic status and athlete motivation of student-athletes. The results of the study also determined that socio-economic status have significant impact on athlete motivation level.

We give certain conditions about different kinds of mappings. These conditions willbe median of non-expansive mappings and quasi-non-expansive mappings. We will establish somefixed point results of some generalized non-expansive mappings in metric spaces. Moreover, wewill also establish few existence and convergence results about generalization of non-expansivemappings. Finally, we present some useful lemmas and propositions.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh fleksibilitas keuangan, tangibility assets, dan tax shields terhadap kebijakan hutang dengan keunikan produk sebagai variabel moderasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor aneka industri yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2016-2020 sebanyak 213 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling, sehingga didapat 145 unit analisis. Metode analisis data penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi data panel dan analisis regresi moderasi dengan model penelitian yang terpilih adalah fixed effect model (FEM) untuk analisis regresi data panel dan random effect model (REM) untuk analisis regresi moderasi. Pemilihan metode analisis data tersebut didasarkan pada hasil hausman test. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa fleksibilitas keuangan berpengaruh negatif terhadap kebijakan hutang, dan tangibility assets berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kebijakan hutang. Kemudian, keunikan produk mampu memoderasi pengaruh fleksibilitas keuangan serta tangibility assets terhadap kebijakan hutang. Namun, tax shields tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebiajakan hutang dan keunikan produk tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh tax shields terhadap kebijakan hutang.

In this study, the design uses three variations for silver nanowires and three variations of patches. Variations of silver nanowires are in the form of length, diameter and number of silver nanowires, while for patches, variations of single patch, double patch and triple patch are used. The microstip antenna uses a patch specification with a thickness of 0.035 mm made of copper, with a density of 1.6 mm for a substrate made of FR-4 epoxy. Based on the observations of the antenna parameters from the characteristics of the silver nanowires variation, the desired results were obtained at variations in diameter of 300 nm, length of 32 mm and the number of 342 silver nanowires in triple patch with return loss = -20,731 dB; VSWR = 1.202; gain = 5,338 dB and directivity = 9,970 dBi. The above results have increased the desired value compared to triple patch microstrip antennas without nanowires with a return loss value = - 16,191 dB; VSWR = 1.366; gain = 5.142 dB and directivity = 9.829 dBi.

European travelers in the 15th and 16th century begin to embark on series of explorations of the New World. This period is well known as the “Age of exploration” where many figures such as Ferdinand Magellan, explore the Atlantic road and the Pacific Ocean. Not only the American literature if full of such explorations, but also the Arabic one as well. By the year 1905, Antun Rabbat, a well-known Jesuit scholar of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, discovers a manuscript of the first eastern travel to Americas, in the library of the Suryan bishopric in Aleppo. He publishes the first manuscript in Al Masriq journal (Vol.8, nos.18-24 [1905] under the heading (The most an ancient voyage of an oriental to America (1668-83) (Farah XI). The manuscript is translated under the title “An Arabs Journey to Colonial Spanish America” by Caesar E. Farah, a professor in the Middle Eastern and Islamic History at the University of Minnesota. This book shows that, since ancient times, Easterners always have passion and love for travel, however, no one before the Rev. Elias, the Chaldean Christian priest from Baghdad, ventures into the Americas and gives his observations of the cities, villages, provinces and native people and could travel freely to the Spanish Empire in 1675-83. In this regard, i will compare the Eastern journey to south America, Peru, and show Elias’s perspective of the native people, with the Western Journey of Sir Walter Raleigh to Peru. Though there is a wide time gap between the two Journeys, however, my main point is to draw a comparison between the Eastern perspective and the Western one of such journey. Both visited Peru, however they share different points of view. Simply put, I will focus on the purpose of such journey, the description of the prevalent religion among the natives, their habits and the search for the mines of gold.

Turbulent flow in fluid dynamics is used to describe fluid motion characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in pressure and flow velocity. Turbulence is generated when an area of fluid flow has an excessive amount of kinetic energy, which exceeds the damping impact of the viscosity of a fluid. The primary goal of turbulence modeling is to establish a mathematical model to predict time-averaged velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, and pressure rather than compute the fully turbulent flow pattern as a function of time, as is done in large eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. Computationally solving the Navier–Stokes equation of motion to simulate turbulent flows necessitates resolving a wide range of length scales and times, all of which impact the flow field. The current study is concerned with the investigation of turbulence kinetic energy through the use of an LES model. The kinetic energy caused by turbulence is analyzed at the outlet and inlet. Along with the pressure, the fluctuations, as well as the mean velocity at the outlet and inlet, are examined. The C++-based programming is done to compute the turbulent flow in OpenFOAM. The computations made in OpenFOAM and Python show great agreement. For a better understanding of readers, graphs and animation are given.

The Fanconi anemia complementation group M (FANCM) gene is a potential candidate for breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility in European populations. Here, we examined the contribution of FANCM germline variants to hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer in Pakistan. Comprehensive FANCM variant screening was performed in 201 BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) negative Pakistani patients with and without triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and/or ovarian cancer, using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (DHPLC) followed by DNA sequencing. Novel variants were tested for their potential effect on protein function using in silico tools. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from one deletion/insertion (delins) variant (p.K1780delinsNGIT) carrier and three non-carriers was performed to evaluate the impact of this variant on splicing. Furthermore, potentially functional variants were evaluated in 200 healthy female controls. A missense variant (p.V1857M) was identified in a 50-year-old TNBC patient with a family history of breast cancer. It was also identified in the index patient´s daughter, who was diagnosed with osteosarcoma at 15 years of age. Further, one delins variant (p.K1780delinsNGIT) was identified in a 45-year-old non-TNBC patient, but not detected in her brother, who was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma at 38 years of age. Based on in silico and RNA analyses, p.V1857M and p.K1780delinsNGIT were predicted as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), respectively. Both variants were absent in 200 healthy controls. Our findings suggest a marginal contribution of FANCM variants to hereditary breast/ovarian cancer in Pakistan, which need to be confirmed in larger studies.

This article aims to understand the Indonesian Government's efforts in making policies to handle the development of micro Waqf banks in Indonesia. The handling strategy can be assessed by understanding the policies formulated and implemented by the Indonesian Government. This study used a deliberative policy analysis approach, and data were collected through a literature study. The results of this study conclude 1) management for groups that can avoid misuse of loan funds and disbursement of funds not on target; 2) training and mentoring can build management commitment and customer enthusiasm to build a more advanced business; 3) with the financing method without collateral, the Islamic financial system does not collect deposits, low yields, and fast and easy administrative processes such as Islamic banking. Combining these three factors optimizes the performance of the micro Waqf bank in economic empowerment and community productivity. It helps increase the income and welfare of the community around the pesantren (Islamic boarding school).

In modern international cricket pull-shot is used as deadly weapon against fast bowlers by the batters that is why the technique of pulling the short pitch deliveries has clinched importance and improved. The researcher has tried to investigate kinematics of the batters’ upper extremities in the cricket during executing pulling the short pitch ball. It was investigated that how the batters manage ball's speed, bounce, and uniformity during playing pull shot during competitions. Cricket players participating in HEC Pakistan, universities cricket championship from the Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, and KP, Pakistan were targeted sample of the study. The kinematic analysis was performed by using analysis software. The kinematics of upper extremities of the 12 batters for successful and unsuccessful pull shots were compared by using repeated measure (ANOVA). In better pull shot it was observed that the movement of the shoulders and arms were rapid, while, batters position was closer to line of short pitch ball. The results have shown that best and successful pull shot batters upper extremities joints extension and thus adjustment abilities were comparatively better than the others.

Written by Nuruddin al-Raniri, Bustan al-Salatin ranks among the most well-known pieces of traditional Malay literature. This work discusses issues of varying themes, such as religion, politics, customs and culture, in order for a kingdom to function and as a guide for the rulers of a kingdom. One of the issues discussed in the Bustan al-Salatin concerns the intellect. The intellect is the highest gift awarded by Allah to humankind. Therefore, Nuruddin al-Raniri deals at length with this and uses several sources as references to strengthen his argument. The present article will focus on two objectives that is, to identify the concept of the intellect in the manuscript, and to analyse the categories which al-Raniri divides the intellect as in his Bustan al-Salatin. Library research and content analysis was employed to achieve this. Early findings show that there are several categories into which al-Raniri divides the intellect in Bustan al-Salatin, namely: understanding, function, position, the different categories of the intellect and the ideal life through the use of the intellect. The content of this manuscript is not only aimed at giving rulers direction but also to educate the community to become servants of Allah who know their Creator.

IntroductionIntellectual disability (ID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. It drastically affects the learning capabilities of patients and eventually reduces their IQ level below 70.MethodsThe current genetic study ascertained two consanguineous Pakistani families suffering from autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder-5 (MRT5). We have used exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing to identify the disease-causing variants.Results and discussionGenetic analysis using whole exome sequencing in these families identified two novel mutations in the NSUN2 (NM_017755.5). Family-A segregated a novel missense variant c.953A>C; p.Tyr318Ser in exon-9 of the NSUN2. The variant substituted an amino acid Tyr318, highly conserved among different animal species and located in the functional domain of NSUN2 known as “SAM-dependent methyltransferase RsmB/NOP2-type”. Whereas in family B, we identified a novel splice site variant c.97-1G>C that affects the splice acceptor site of NSUN2. The identified splice variant (c.97-1G>C) was predicted to result in the skipping of exon-2, which would lead to a frameshift followed by a premature stop codon (p. His86Profs*16). Furthermore, it could result in the termination of translation and synthesis of dysfunctional protein, most likely leading to nonsense-mediated decay. The dynamic consequences of NSUN2 missense variant was further explored together with wildtype through molecular dynamic simulations, which uncovered the disruption of NSUN2 function due to a gain in structural flexibility. The present molecular genetic study further extends the mutational spectrum of NSUN2 to be involved in ID and its genetic heterogeneity in the Pakistani population.

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare clinically and genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive multi-systemic disorder with 22 known genes. The primary clinical and diagnostic features include six different hallmarks, such as rod–cone dystrophy, learning difficulties, renal abnormalities, male hypogonadism, post-axial polydactyly, and obesity. Here, we report nine consanguineous families and a non-consanguineous family with several affected individuals presenting typical clinical features of BBS. In the present study, 10 BBS Pakistani families were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES), which revealed novel/recurrent gene variants, including a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.94C>T; p.Gln32Ter) in the IFT27 (NM_006860.5) gene in family A, a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.160A>T; p.Lys54Ter) in the BBIP1 (NM_001195306.1) gene in family B, a homozygous nonsense variant (c.720C>A; p.Cys240Ter) in the WDPCP (NM_015910.7) in family C, a homozygous nonsense variant (c.505A>T; p.Lys169Ter) in the LZTFL1 (NM_020347.4) in family D, pathogenic homozygous 1 bp deletion (c.775delA; p.Thr259Leufs*21) in the MKKS/BBS5 (NM_170784.3) gene in family E, a pathogenic homozygous missense variant (c.1339G>A; p.Ala447Thr) in BBS1 (NM_024649.4) in families F and G, a pathogenic homozygous donor splice site variant (c.951+1G>A; p?) in BBS1 (NM_024649.4) in family H, a pathogenic bi-allelic nonsense variant in MKKS (NM_170784.3) (c.119C>G; p.Ser40*) in family I, and homozygous pathogenic frameshift variants (c.196delA; p.Arg66Glufs*12) in BBS5 (NM_152384.3) in family J. Our findings extend the mutation and phenotypic spectrum of four different types of ciliopathies causing BBS and also support the importance of these genes in the development of multi-systemic human genetic disorders.

The Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. and Z. jujuba Mill. are the two most economically important members of the genus Ziziphus. The fruit color of Z. mauritiana remains green throughout fruit development in the majority of commercial cultivars, whereas its close relative, Z. jujuba Mill. turns from green to red in all cultivars. However, the lack of transcriptomic and genomic information confines our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit coloration in Z. mauritiana (Ber). In the present study, we performed the transcriptome-wide analysis of MYB transcription factors (TFs) genes in Z. mauritiana and Z. jujuba, and identified 56 ZmMYB and 60 ZjMYB TFs in Z. mauritiana and Z. jujuba, respectively. Through transcriptomic expression analysis, four similar MYB genes (ZmMYB/ZjMYB13, ZmMYB/ZjMYB44, ZmMYB/ZjMYB50, and ZmMYB/ZjMYB56) from Z. mauritiana and Z. jujuba were selected as candidate key genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis. Among these genes, the ZjMYB44 gene was transiently highly expressed in fruit, and flavonoid content accumulation also increased, indicating that this gene can influence flavonoid content during the period of fruit coloration in Z. jujuba. The current study adds to our understanding of the classification of genes, motif structure, and predicted functions of the MYB TFs, as well as identifying MYBs that regulate flavonoid biosynthesis in Ziziphus (Z. mauritiana and Z. jujuba). Based on this information, we concluded that MYB44 is involved in the flavonoids biosynthesis pathway during the fruit coloring of Ziziphus. Our research results provide an important understanding of the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis resulting in fruit coloration and laying a foundation for further genetic improvement of fruit color in Ziziphus.

Background The bitter gourd fruit yields are not at a desirable level due to maleness. Maleness is one of the biggest difficulties with bitter gourd, reducing fruit yields substantially. On the other hand, plant stages are the most important consideration for PGR application because of their sensitive responsiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to determine how bitter gourd plants respond to plant growth regulators, namely PGR0 (control: application of water as control treatment), PGR1 (GA3-Gibberellic acid, 100 mgL−1), PGR2 (NAA-Naphthalene acetic acid, 100 mgL−1), and PGR3 (MH- Maleic hydrazide, 100 mgL−1) at three application phases, S1: soaking of seeds; S2: four-leaf; and S3: flower bud in terms of vegetative development, male–female flower sex alteration, and fruit features including bioactive compounds. Results Physiological, floral and yield characteristics of bitter gourd exposed significant changes by GA3 and MH at various stages. The number of leaves plant−1, the fresh mass of the plant, and the fresh mass of fruit and fruit dry matter content were enhanced remarkably for MH application at the seed soaking stage except for plant height and the number of branches plant−1. MH increased the number of female flowers plant−1, the number of fruits plant−1 and the yield at the 4-leaf stage of application. PGRs substantially influenced the quantity of sugar, chlorophyll, total carotenoids, protein, and water content at various phases of their application but not on ascorbic acid, TSS, or total phenol concentration. Conclusions For sex expression and yield attributes, 100 mgL−1 MH at the 4-leaf stage would be effective in bitter gourd. Exogenous NAA showed a considerable dual influence on plant development and antioxidant enzyme activity in bitter gourd fruits.

Topik reka bentuk pengaturcaraan merupakan salah satu topik dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi Sekolah Rendah memberi fokus kepada penggunaan kod-kod arahan pengaturcaraan, fitur-fitur pada antara muka perisian pengaturcaraan dalam menghasilkan sebuah atur cara baharu. Kegagalan murid untuk menguasai kemahiran dalam pengaturcaraan berpunca daripada amalan pengajaran guru secara pemusatan guru disamping kekurangan sumber pengajaran terhadap topik tersebut. Oleh yang demikian, intervensi yang dilaksanakan adalah melalui pengintegrasian pembelajaran teradun dan pembelajaran berasaskan projek dengan sokongan halaman sistem pengurusan bahan yang dinamakan sebagai Oh My Blox!. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemahiran murid dalam topik pengaturcaraan dalam kalangan murid tahap 2 sekolah rendah menggunakan melalui kaedah pengumpulan data seperti pemerhatian berstruktur, analisis dokumen, soal selidik dan temubual. Hasil dapatan menunjukan bahawa intervensi ini memberi kesan positif dimana berlaku perubahan tahap penguasaan murid bagi kemahiran pengaturcaraan. Melalui intervensi ini, sebanyak 67% murid bersetuju intervensi memberi impak kepada motivasi belajar dan 65% bersetuju intervensi ini memberi kesan terhadap sikap murid terhadap topik pengaturcaraan. Kesimpulannya, perubahan amalan pengajaran memberi kesan kepada amalan pengajaran guru khususnya dalam topik pengaturcaraan. Perkara ini secara tidak langsung menyokong kepada anjakan pertama dalam Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013-2025 iaitu menyediakan kesamarataan akses pendidikan berkualiti dibawah sub perkara meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan STEM. Perkara ini secara tidak langsung meningkatkan kemahiran komputasional murid-murid dalam usaha menyediakan modal insan berkemahiran tinggi dalam bidang STEM.

Braille Classic Games Book is a product published to provide information and reading material to the visually impaired to obtain information about one of Malaysia's national heritages, which is traditional games. The main purpose of publishing this book is because there is limited book of traditional games in braille in the market. This was also supported by one of the respondents from Malaysian Blind Foundation based in Brickfield. The braille book is complete with information about traditional games that are popular from the three main ethnic groups in Malaysia which are Malay, Chinese, and Indian. The History, the rules as well as technique to play each game were also briefly explain using simple languages to ensure precise understanding. This book is also equipped with diagrams that have been braille. Three objective have been outline for this study. First, to give an alternative for blind person to get information about traditional games. Second, to create awareness among communities, government agency and private sector towards Malaysian traditional games for the blind. Third, to sustain Malaysian traditional games. Qualitative approach was chosen for this study and a total of five respondents from Malaysian Blind Foundation were interviewed.

Knifoon is an invention product created by PHECA, the name of our group. Knifoon is a combination of three cutlery tools which is a knife, fork, and spoon. We made it as one cutlery tool, so it is portable to bring anywhere. Common problem people have during meals is a lack of cutlery set, particularly while eating outside. This issue frequently occurs when food retailers forget to provide customers with a complete set of cutleries, making it harder for them to enjoy their meals as they need to use their fingers to eat. People are usually too lazy to bring their cutlery set from home because it takes up too much space and is difficult to bring all of them. Many customers do not want to put their hands dirty when eating outside because there would be no place to wash hands or tissue. It's difficult to eat rice without a spoon and noodles without a fork when having a meal outdoors. Moreover, the current cutlery set that is provided by food sellers from food stalls, food trucks, fast food restaurants are mostly made from plastic material because it is cheaper. However, this is not the best option because plastic came from the trees, and it will affect the environment. Plastic, as we all know, is made up of toxic chemicals and is non-biodegradable, which has a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, we came out with an innovative idea to create a product which is eco-friendlier, reduce the usage of plastics and save the environment. Our innovative product is small, compact, portable, and lightweight. After using Knifoon, the customer can clean it, keep it in the cutlery box and it can be used again.

This research is supported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. In this paper, we suggest and analyze a new family of two-step predictor corrector type iterative schemes for solving nonlinear equations in the framework of multiplicative calculus. We also discuss the convergence criteria of these newly developed iterative methods. Some numerical examples will be given to illustrate the efficiency and performance of derived methods. Publisher's Version

Land cover change (LCC) and climate change (CC) impacts on streamflow in high elevated catchments are a great challenge to sustainable management and the development of water resources. This study evaluates the possible future impacts of both land cover and climate change on the streamflows in the Mohmand Dam catchment, Pakistan, by utilizing the semi-distributed hydrological model known as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), along with the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset of different global climate models (GCMs). The downscaling of the precipitation and temperature data was performed by the CMhyd software. The downscaled precipitation and temperature projections from the best performing GCM, out of four GCMs, under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2 and SSP5) and future land cover conditions were forced in a calibrated hydrological model (SWAT model). Compared to the baseline period (1990–2015), the outputs from the selected GCM indicated an increase in the average monthly precipitation, and the maximum and minimum temperature in the study area under both the SSP2 and SSP5 scenarios, by the end of the 21st century. It is expected that the increase in precipitation for the period 2016–2100 is 10.5% and 11.4% under the SSP2 and SSP5 scenarios, respectively. Simulated results from the SWAT model showed significant impacts from the projected climate and land cover changes on Mohmand Dam flows that include: (a) an increase in the overall mean annual flow ranging from 13.7% to 34.8%, whereas the mean monthly flows of June, July and August decreased, and (b) a shift in the peak flows in the Mohmand catchment from July to June. It is concluded that the projected climate changes can substantially influence the seasonality of flows at the Mohmand Dam site. Climate and land cover change impacts are significant, so project planners and managers must include CC and LCC impacts in the proposed operational strategy.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been extensively implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of gastric ulcers and carcinomas, which has necessitated its efficient and cost-effective identification in gastric biopsy samples. We have sought to compare various staining methods, namely, Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Giemsa, and Modified Toluidine Blue (MTB), with immunohistochemistry (IHC; gold standard) in terms of efficacy, staining costs, and duration of performing the stains in settings with limited resources.Gastric biopsy specimens of 50 patients who presented with gastritis symptoms were stained with HE, Giemsa, MTB, and IHC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values, and the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated for each stain.In all, 32 cases of 50 were positive for H. pylori on IHC. The specificity for both HE and Giemsa was 88.8%, whereas it was lower for MTB (83.3%). The sensitivity of HE was much lower (46.8%) compared with the other stains (90.6% Giemsa, 93.7% MTB). The most inexpensive and time-consuming stain was HE followed by MTB and Giemsa.When HE is used alone for H. pylori detection, a significant number of cases may be overlooked, especially mild inflammatory cases and when coccoid forms of the bacteria are present. This study proposes the use of either Giemsa or MTB as reliable alternatives for IHC in resource-limited settings to combat the high prevalence of H. pylori in the developing world.

Knowledge of population specific BRCA1/2 founder mutations provides a valuable and cost-effective genetic testing strategy. Twenty-three recurrent BRCA1 mutations have been identified previously in 100 Pakistani breast and/or ovarian cancer families. These accounted for 72.5% of all BRCA1 mutations identified. In our study, we investigated whether these mutations (identified in ≥2 unrelated patients) have a common ancestral origin and estimated the ages of these mutations. Haplotype analyses were performed in 188 individuals (100 index patients, 88 relatives) from Pakistani breast/ovarian cancer families, all harboring one of the 23 recurrent BRCA1 mutations, and 90 healthy controls. Six microsatellite markers (D17S800, D17S1801, D17S855, D17S1322, D17S1323, and D17S951) were analyzed. Mutation ages were estimated using DMLE+2.3 software. An identical haplotype of different length was found in families harboring the same BRCA1 mutation and suggested founder effects for all 23 mutations. Sixteen founder mutations were ethnicity-specific: 15 occurred in families of Punjabi background and one in a family of Pathan background. The remaining seven mutations occurred in families with two ethnic backgrounds. All BRCA1 founder mutations were estimated to have arisen approximately 147 to 159 generations ago. Our findings suggest founder effects for all 23 recurrent BRCA1 mutations. This knowledge allows the design and development of a cost effective local genetic testing strategy in Pakistan.

The students make mistakes and face difficulties during the process of language learning and managing it accurately. The emotional and communication factors may impact upon learning and usage of the English language. The objective of this research study was to inquire about the impact of psychological and communication barriers toward English speaking at the secondary school level in the district Toba Tek Singh. The population for the research study was comprised of secondary schools students and teachers of 10th grades in the district of Toba Tek Singh. The Tehsil area of Toba Tek Singh was chosen for research work. Twenty secondary schools of tehsil Toba Tek Singh were chosen for a sample and the sample size comprised of 200 personnel, including 160 students and 40 teachers. The research was descriptive in nature, and the researcher developed a questionnaire that was used as a research tool for the collection of data from the sampled teachers and students. Statistical Testing was conducted from the experimentally collected data, and it was analyzed through different statistical approaches by using SPSS to find out and analyze the results for their reliability. It is concluded that English language learning plays significant role to change environment of society. The secondary school students and teachers lack in speaking English language in schools and classrooms. Their learning and speaking ability is hindered by some psychological and communication hurdles. It is also concluded from research study that these psychological and communication hurdles can be removed or minimized by imparting various communication skills and motivational training programs.

Corporate restructuring is an essential part of the business and commonly occurred in Pakistan through mergers and acquisitions. The main purpose of this research paper is to examine the performance of financial firms (Banks) before and after corporate restructuring through merger and acquisition. The researcher also analyzes the impact of corporate tax as a moderating variable on the performance of financial firms (Banks). The researcher used a fixed-effect model in the panel data set with a sample of 18 sets of banks from the period of 2000 to 2019 (20 years). ROA and ROE use as performance indicators with other explanatory variables i.e. ATD, CR, DR, and EPS. Use dummy variables (1 use for pre and 0 use for post) for the pre and post-analysis of corporate restructuring. The study analyzes the financial firm’s performance before and after corporate restructuring with and without moderating variable (CT). The researcher use Pearson Correlation to check the strength of the associations among variables. The results of this study reveal that the performance of financial firms (Banks) improved after corporate restructuring with and without corporate tax (moderating variable). The study further indicates that the corporate tax (moderating Variable) has a significant and positive affect on the performance of the financial firms (banks). The study of corporate restructuring provides comprehensive analysis which may useful for the strategic manager and investor to take effective decisions in the future.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine whether servant leadership (SL) buffers the negative relationship between perceived organizational politics (POP) and employee performance outcomes.Design/methodology/approachTime-lagged multi source data were collected from 236 supervisor-subordinate dyads in a public sector university in Pakistan. SL, POP and several control variables were measured in subordinates at time 1, and supervisor ratings of organization citizenship behaviors and task performance were measured at time 2. The authors performed moderated multiple regression analysis to test the hypotheses underpinning the study.FindingsFindings revealed that POP was negatively related to employee task performance and two types of organization citizenship behavior (individual and organizational). Findings also revealed that SL attenuated the negative effect of POP on employee task performance and the two types of organization citizenship behavior.Practical implications SL is particularly important in organizational cultures characterized by high politics; therefore, managers seeking to enhance task performance and citizenship behavior in employees should adopt this style of leadership if possible.Originality/value This is the first study conducted in the South Asian context that has examined whether, and how, SL buffers the negative effects of POP on employee task performance and organization citizenship behavior.

PurposeThis article shows operational excellence achieved during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using the Lean, Six Sigma and Sustainability practices in small medium enterprise (SME) manufacturing firms and its impact on the performance dimensions of efficiency, growth and profit for firms located in the industrial zones of Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative methodology was used and data were collected from a sample of top-level managers from 28 SME manufacturing firms located in the five industrial zones in Pakistan. A total of 62 questionnaires were included in the study.FindingsThe findings show that awareness levels of Lean, Six Sigma and Sustainability are emerging, and firms are trying to implement these concepts. However, the results show that while Lean and Six Sigma enhance firms’ performance in terms of efficiency, profit and growth, sustainability has no impact on these three performance dimensions.Research limitations/implicationsThe quantitative data of a sample of 28 manufacturing firms inevitably present limitations on the generalizability of this work. Future research could employ greater quantitative data to explore the topic further. Only one particular country is studied so that future research could be carried out in other countries or regions.Practical implicationsThis study may have value for policymakers and other stakeholders who need to know more about how Lean, Six Sigma and Sustainability affect a firm’s performance in industrial zones in the context of a developing country.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to knowledge in the field by integrating Lean, Six Sigma and Sustainability with firms’ performance during the COVID-19 pandemic by assessing efficiency, growth and profit dimensions where otherwise no empirical research has been undertaken in the Pakistani context.

Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte (Lauraceae), an economically important forest tree, is distributed in the tropical forests of central and northern Vietnam, which has been threatened in recent decades due to the destruction of its habitat and over-exploitation. The genetic diversity and population structure of the species have not been fully evaluated. We used a set of 15 microsatellites to analyze 161 adult trees from 9 different populations, representing the geographical distribution of C. balansae. Ninety-two different alleles were identified. Here our results showed a low genetic diversity level with an average H o = 0.246 and H e = 0.262, and a high level of genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.601). The bottleneck tests indicated evidence of a reduction in the population size of the two populations (TC and CP). Additionally, all three clustering methods (Bayesian analysis, principal coordinate analysis, and Neighbor-joining tree) were identified in the two genetic groups. The Mantel test showed a significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance (R 2 = 0.7331). This study will provide a platform for the conservation of C. balansae both in ex-situ and in-situ plans.

In this paper, we establish a new iterative process for approximation of fixed points for contraction mappings in closed, convex metric space. We conclude that our iterative method is more accurate and has very fast results from previous remarkable iteration methods like Picard-S, Thakur new, Vatan Two-step and K-iterative process for contraction. Stability of our iteration method and data dependent results for contraction mappings are exact, correspondingly on testing our iterative method is advanced. Finally, we prove enquiring results for some weak and strong convergence theorems of a sequence which is generated from a new iterative method, Suzuki generalized non-expansive mappings with condition $ (C) $ in uniform convexity of metric space. Our results are addition, enlargement over and above generalization for some well-known conclusions with literature for theory of fixed point.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tindakan rasional migran perempuan yang bermigrasi ke Hong Kong terhadap perannya dalam (1) kelestarian budaya dan (2) meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Informan kunci dari penelitian ini adalah Sosiolog Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI); Koordinator Badan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Hong Kong; Praktisi dan Influencer PMI; dan Indonesian Diaspora Network. Adapun Informan Pendukung dalam penelitian ini adalah 5 orang Pekerja Migran Indonesia Perempuan di Hong Kong. Teknik analisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif dnegan tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan lalu dilakukan pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tindakan rasional migran perempuan dengan bermigrasi ke Hong Kong berdampak terhadap kelestarian budaya Indonesia di Hong Kong dengan bentuk: penggunaan bahasa, kegiatan rohani, tata krama, toleransi, kuliner, busana, adat istiadat, norma sosial, mendidik anak, dan berbakti kepada orang tua. Selain itu, terdapat wilayah vernakular yaitu Taman Victoria sebagai “Kampung Jawa” dan Kawasan Causeway Bay sebagai “Kampung Indonesia”. Migran menggunakan remitan untuk meningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga migran dengan: membiayai pendidikan; memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari keluarga; membuka usaha kecil; membeli dan membiayai pertanian keluarga; membangun dan membeli rumah; dan membiayai acara keluarga. Sedangkan, migran menggunakan upah untuk keperluan diri sendiri dengan: menggunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari; meningkatkan strata pendidikan dengan pendidikan formal; mengikuti pendidikan non-formal; kegiatan komunitas diaspora; tabungan untuk hari tua dan biaya tak terduga; dan berpartisipasi kegiatan sosial di Indonesia maupun di Hong Kong. Kata Kunci: Migrasi, Hong Kong, Diaspora Indonesia ******* The purpose of this study is to analyze the rational actions of migrant women who migrated to Hong Kong that affect their role in (1) cultural preservation, and (2) family welfare improvement. This study used a descriptive-qualitative research method equipped with in-depth interviews and literature studies. The key informants of this study are Indonesian Migrant Workers (Pekerja Migran Indonesia/PMI) sociologists, Coordinators of the Indonesian Migrant Worker Protection Agency in Hong Kong, PMI Practitioners and Influencers, and the Indonesian Diaspora Community in Hong Kong. The supporting informants in this study are female Indonesian migrant workers in Hong Kong. The analysis technique used in this study consists of three stages: data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and data validity-checking using data triangulation. The results of this study showed that the rational actions of migrant women that migrated to Hong Kong have impacts on cultural preservation in the form of: use of language, spiritual activities, manners, behavioral tolerance, culinary, way of dressing, customs and traditions, social norms, parenting, and devotion to parents. In addition, there are vernacular areas, namely Victoria Park as “Kampung Jawa” and the Causeway Bay Area as “Kampung Indonesia”. Migrants use remittances to improve family welfare by: payment education; meet the family daily; opening a small business; managing family farm; build and buy a house; and helping family events, meanwhile the, migrants used their salary for their own purposes by: using it to fulfill their daily needs; improving educational strata with formal education; participate in non-formal education; diaspora community activities; old age and incidentals saving; and participate in social activities in Indonesia and in Hong Kong. Keywords: Migration, Hong Kong, Indonesian Diaspora

This scoping review aims to synthesize existing research on sexual healthcare for sexually diverse Muslim men (SDMM). SDMM are often reluctant to seek sexual healthcare due to the double stigma attached to their sexual, religious, and racial/ethnic identities. This not only puts them at an increased risk for sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs) but also increases the burden on the healthcare system. This scoping review will aim to identify barriers and enablers in relation to sexual healthcare access and utilization among SDMM, highlighted in past studies. We anticipate that this scoping review will help to better understand SDMM’s unique circumstances and contexts in which choices and decisions are made and how they shape their clinical encounters.

Quercus spp. have formed broad-leaved evergreen forests in the Hindu Kush and Himalayan regions of Pakistan. Seven species of the genus Quercus (Q. baloot Griff., Q. dilatata Royle., Q. glauca Thunb., Q. incana Roxb., Q. robur Linn., Q. semecarpifolia Smith., and Q. leucotrichophora A. Camus.) have been identified. These species have received little attention compared with other economically valuable plant species in Pakistan, which has been mainly linked to traditional medicine and the identification of phytonutrients to evaluate their bioactivities and toxicological effects. Quercus spp. are promising for commercial applications, so government policy should encourage their management and conservation. However, they are currently threatened by severe human activities and climate change. The goal of this review is to highlight the relevance of these forgotten species, describing overall aspects related to their distribution, morphology, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and threats. To date, no proper and comprehensive molecular studies on the populations of these species found in Pakistan have been conducted, which is a critical gap as molecular studies are essential for conservation and management strategies. Finally, we discuss future directions in molecular approaches for Quercus that follow the strategies that are being used for other species of the genus Quercus that are not found in Pakistan.