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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jdr-10.1177_00220345231156095 for Reduced Autophagy in Aged Trigeminal Neurons Causes Amyloid β Diffusion by R. Sonoda, E. Kuramoto, S. Minami, S.E. Matsumoto, Y. Ohyagi, T. Saito, T. Saido, K. Noguchi and T. Goto in Journal of Dental Research

On 22 November 2016, an intraplate normal-fault earthquake with a magnitude (MJMA) of 7.4, with a tension axis in the northwest-southeast direction (hereafter, 2016 off-Fukushima earthquake), occurred east of the Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. However, the tsunami database (TDB), which contains pre-calculated tsunami data used for real-time tsunami forecasting by the Japan Meteorological Agency, had assumed that earthquakes in the Fukushima region were north-south oriented reverse fault type. The earthquake mechanism of the 2016 off-Fukushima earthquake differs from the predictions made in the TDB. Although the incorrect classification of normal and reverse faults did not affect the real-time tsunami prediction, the difference in fault plane strike was the main cause of the underestimated height prediction for Miyagi Prefecture. An efficient scenario arrangement is achieved when the differences in predictions from adjacent scenarios in the TDB are similar. Sensitivity analyses of tsunami height distribution to fault parameters for the 2016 off-Fukushima earthquake revealed the importance of the fault plane strike [1]. Therefore, adding earthquake tsunami scenarios with different fault plane strikes and the same epicentre near the epicentral area is reasonable. We compared the centroid moment tensor solutions for earthquakes with a moment magnitude of 5.5 or more that occurred in the coastal area around Japan between September 1994 and April 2017 with the fault parameters assumed in the TDB. Afterwards, we added scenarios to the TDB for regions where the difference in strike directions was observed to be 30° or more.Reference:[1] Hayashi, J. JSCE, B2-77(2),I_187-I_192, 2021. (in Japanese with English Abstract), The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jdr-10.1177_00220345231156095 for Reduced Autophagy in Aged Trigeminal Neurons Causes Amyloid β Diffusion by R. Sonoda, E. Kuramoto, S. Minami, S.E. Matsumoto, Y. Ohyagi, T. Saito, T. Saido, K. Noguchi and T. Goto in Journal of Dental Research

The thioredoxin (Trx) system is known to play a pivotal role in cellular redox regulation, but its target proteins in plant mitochondria remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we systemically screened Trx target candidates in plant mitochondria. Mitochondrial protein extracts were prepared from Arabidopsis shoots, spinach leaves and potato tubers, and then subfractionated into soluble matrix and insoluble membrane fractions. Protein extracts were loaded onto an affinity column immobilizing Arabidopsis mitochondria-localized o-type Trx mutant protein, in which one of two internal cysteines at the active site was substituted by serine. Proteins forming mixed-disulfide intermediates with the mutated Trx were identified by proteomic approaches. This procedure allowed the determination of 101 Trx target candidate proteins involved in a broad spectrum of mitochondrial processes. Furthermore, biochemical assay revealed that one of the potential Trx target proteins, alternative oxidase, is actually redox regulated by Trx. This study provides insights into the regulatory mechanism of diverse functions in mitochondrial biology that are mediated through the Trx system.

Kohji Noguchi, Kazuhiro Katayama, Yoshikazu Sugimoto Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan Abstract: Adenine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, such as ABCB1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), transport various structurally unrelated compounds out of cells. ABCG2/BCRP is referred to as a “half-type” ABC transporter, functioning as a homodimer, and transports anticancer agents such as irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), gefitinib, imatinib, methotrexate, and mitoxantrone from cells. The expression of ABCG2/BCRP can confer a multidrug-resistant phenotype on cancer cells and affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in normal tissues, thus modulating the in vivo efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Clarification of the substrate preferences and structural relationships of ABCG2/BCRP is essential for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects in vivo during chemotherapy. Its single-nucleotide polymorphisms are also involved in determining the efficacy of chemotherapeutics, and those that reduce the functional activity of ABCG2/BCRP might be associated with unexpected adverse effects from normal doses of anticancer drugs that are ABCG2/BCRP substrates. Importantly, many recently developed molecular-targeted cancer drugs, such as the tyrosine kinase inhisbitors, imatinib mesylate, gefitinib, and others, can also interact with ABCG2/BCRP. Both functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms and inhibitory agents of ABCG2/BCRP modulate the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these molecular cancer treatments, so the pharmacogenetics of ABCG2/BCRP is an important consideration in the application of molecular-targeted chemotherapies. Keywords: kinase inhibitor, SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, molecular target

32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1543-1547, Reliability study of photovoltaic modules is a most important term in determining the economical efficiency of the energy generation business. The investigation of the degradation on a molecular level could give information about the degradation process even before the electrical properties of the module are changed, is important for the reliability of PV-modules. In this study, the more dedicated analytical technique of Raman Spectroscopy was applied to qualitatively determine the performance degradation of the PV modules through the investigation of de-acetylation of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). The IV characteristics, Electroluminescence (EL) and Dark Lock-in Thermography (DLIT) imaging, and IR spectroscopy have also been investigated in the relevance of Raman Spectroscopy. The local distribution of desorbed acetic acid correlated with the Raman fluorescence has been determined from the pressure cooker test and from the dipping of the module in water-acetic acid solution. The correlation of Raman fluorescence with the acetic acid desorption, years in service and loss of performance have also been investigated for the several numbers of field aged modules. It was found that the module reliability could be predicted from the correlation of Raman spectroscopy analysis even though before exposed in the field.

Systematic analyses of interannual and seasonal variations of tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) based on GOME satellite data and the regional scale chemical transport model (CTM), Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ), are presented for the atmosphere over eastern Asia between 1996 and June 2003. A newly developed year-by-year emission inventory (REAS) was used in CMAQ. The horizontal distribution of annual averaged GOME NO2 VCDs generally agrees well with the CMAQ results. However, CMAQ/REAS results underestimate the GOME retrievals with factors of 2–4 over polluted industrial regions such as Central East China (CEC), a major part of Korea, Hong Kong, and central and western Japan. The most probable reasons for the underestimation typically over the CEC are accuracy of the basic energy statistic data, emission factors, and socio-economic data used for construction of emission inventory. For the Japan region, GOME and CMAQ NO2 data show reasonable agreement with respect to interannual variation and show no clear increasing trend. For CEC, GOME and CMAQ NO2 data indicate a very rapid increasing trend from 2000. Analyses of the seasonal cycle of NO2 VCDs show that GOME data have larger dips than CMAQ NO2 during February–April and September–November. Sensitivity experiments with fixed emission intensity reveal that the detection of emission trends from satellite in fall or winter has a larger error caused by the variability of meteorology. Examination during summer time and annual averaged NO2 VCDs are robust with respect to variability of meteorology and are therefore more suitable for analyses of emission trends. Analysis of recent trends of annual emissions in China shows that the increasing trends of 1996–1998 and 2000–2002 for GOME and CMAQ/REAS show good agreement, but the rate of increase by GOME is approximately 10–11% yr−1 after 2000; it is slightly steeper than CMAQ/REAS (8–9% yr−1). The greatest difference was apparent between the years 1998 and 2000: CMAQ/REAS only shows a few percentage points of increase, whereas GOME gives a greater than 8% yr−1 increase. The exact reason remains unclear, but the most likely explanation is that the emission trend based on the Chinese emission related statistics underestimates the rapid growth of emissions.

Accepted: 2005-04-11, 資料番号: SA1003346000

Kenji Inoue1, Kei Noguchi1, Masato Wakakura1, Goji Tomita21Inouye Eye Hospital, Tokyo; 22nd Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanPurpose: To prospectively evaluate the diurnal variation of intraocular pressure (IOP) during unoprostone treatment in 13 healthy volunteers.Method: IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry by the same observer every 3 hours from 9 am to 9 am the next morning. Unoprostone was then instilled at 9 am and 9 pm daily for 1 month. After 1 month, IOP was measured again with unoprostone instilled at 9 am and 9 pm during IOP measurement. We then compared the average daily IOP before and after the treatment (paired t-test).Results: After 1 month of treatment, the average IOP decreased at every time point but one (12 pm, 3 pm, 6 pm, 9 pm, 12 am, 3 am, and 9 am, but not at 6 am). There were no adverse reactions and none of the subjects discontinued unoprostone.Conclusion: The hypotensive effects of unoprostone persist throughout the day, but this study suggests that the effects may be weaker at nighttime and early in the morning.Keywords: unoprostone, intraocular pressure, diurnal variation, healthy volunteer

A phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a Bidirectional intraperitoneal and systemic induction chemotherapy (BISIC) were performed in patients with Peritoneal metastasis (PM) from gastric cancer in neoadjuvant setting. Sixty-one patients were treated with oral administration of S1 (60 mg/m 2 /day) for 14 consecutive days, followed by 7 days rest, plus intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravascular (i.v.) administration of docetaxel and cisplatin (30 mg/m2 each) on day 1 and on day 8. The treatment course was repeated every 3 weeks for 3 times. Positive cytological results in 38 patients before BISIC became negative in 27 (71.1%) patients after BISIC. After BISIC, 44 patients received laparotomy and CRS, and complete cytoreduction was achieved in 28 of 44 patients (64%). During BISIC, side effects of grade 3 and 4 were found in 6 (9.9%) patients. After CRS, 7 (15.8%) and 3 (6.8%) patients developed Grade 3 and 4 complications. The overall operative mortality rate was 4.5% (2/44). Histologic effects on primary tumors were found in 87.9% (29/33 tumors). Complete histologic disappearance of PM was observed in 10 (22.7%) of 44 patients. Median survival time (MST) was 15.1 months, with a one and two-year survival of 62.4%, and 44.0%. BISIC therapy is safe and effective in gastric cancer patients with PM.

International audience

A few percent wobbling-beam illumination nonuniformity is realized in heavy ion inertial confinement fusion (HIF) by a spiraling beam axis motion in the paper. So far the wobbling heavy ion beam (HIB) illumination was proposed to realize a uniform implosion in HIF. However, the initial imprint of the wobbling HIBs was a serious problem and introduces a large unacceptable energy deposition nonuniformity. In the wobbling HIBs illumination, the illumination nonuniformity oscillates in time and space. The oscillating-HIB energy deposition may contribute to the reduction of the HIBs illumination nonuniformity. The wobbling HIBs can be generated in HIB accelerators and the oscillating frequency may be several 100MHz-1GHz. Three-dimensional HIBs illumination computations presented here show that the few percent wobbling HIBs illumination nonuniformity oscillates successfully with the same wobbling HIBs frequency., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures

著者人数: 13名, Note: submitted to Astrophysical Journal, August 11, 1990, 資料番号: SA8000439000

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Retrograde cortical venous drainage (RCVD) is the most major risk factor for aggressive behavior of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF). The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) map for RCVD in patients with DAVF. METHODS: Ten patients with angiographically proven DAVF with RCVD, 2 reference patients with DAVF without RCVD, and 10 control subjects underwent examinations with dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MR imaging. Four patients with DAVF with unilateral RCVD were evaluated, before and after treatment. The calculation of mean rCBV ratio was performed on a hemispheric basis. The mean rCBV ratio was defined as the value on one side (higher value side) divided by that on the other side (lower value side). RESULTS: In all patients with DAVF with RCVD, the rCBV map showed an increase in rCBV of the angiographically proved affected hemisphere. In 2 reference patients with DAVF without RCVD and all control subjects, the rCBV map showed no increase of rCBV. The mean rCBV ratio in patients with DAVF with RCVD was significantly higher than that of control subjects (P = .0002). Treatment response for RCVD was indicated by a decrease of CBV on the rCBV map and by a decrease of 22% in the mean rCBV ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Increased rCBV by DSC-MR correlated with RCVD in patients with DVAF. The assessment with rCBV for RCVD may be more quantitative than that with angiogram.

We summarize latest PIC simulation results on the radiation from Poynting jets and strongly magnetized collisionless shocks when a Poynting jet runs into cold ambient medium. We find that in all cases the radiative power output is much below that predicted by synchrotron radiation and the critical frequency is also much lower than the synchrotron critical frequency. We discuss the implications for the interpretation of GRB prompt emission data., Comment: paper submitted to Il Nuovo Cimento for the 2006 Swift Conference Proceedings

The radiation damping effect on the diamagnetic relativistic pulse accelerator (DRPA) is studied in two-and-half dimensional Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation with magnetized electron-positron plasmas. Self-consistently solved radiation damping force converts particle energy to radiation energy. The DRPA is still robust with radiation, and the Lorentz factor of the most high energy particles reach more than two thousand before they decouple from the electromagnetic pulse. Resulted emitted power from the pulse front is lower in the radiative case than the estimation from the non-radiative case due to the radiation damping. The emitted radiation is strongly linearly polarized and peaked within few degrees from the direction of Poynting flux., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 22nd Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics

We study the radiation damping effect on the relativistic acceleration of electron-positron plasmas with two-and-half-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. Particles are accelerated by Poynting flux via the diamagnetic relativistic pulse accelerator (DRPA), and decelerated by the self-consistently solved radiation damping force. With $\Omega_{ce}/\omega_{pe}\geq 10$, the Lorentz factor of the highest energy particles reaches gamma>100, and the acceleration still continues. The emitted radiation is peaked within few degrees from the direction of Poynting flux and strongly linearly polarized, which may be detectable in gamma-ray burst(GRB) observations. We also show that the DRPA is insensitive to the initial supporting currents., Comment: 6pages, 4figures. Accepted for publication in Il nuovo cimento C

We have obtained high-resolution (R $\simeq$ 50,000 or 90,000), high-quality (S/N $\ga$ 100) spectra of 22 very metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] $\la$ -2.5) with the High Dispersion Spectrograph fabricated for the 8.2m Subaru Telescope. The spectra cover the wavelength range from 3500 to 5100 {\AA}; equivalent widths are measured for isolated lines of numerous elemental species, including the $\alpha$ elements, the iron-peak elements, and the light and heavy neutron-capture elements. Errors in the measurements and comparisons with previous studies are discussed. These data will be used to perform detailed abundance analyses in the following papers of this series. Radial velocities are also reported, and are compared with previous studies. At least one moderately r-process-enhanced metal-poor star, HD 186478, exhibits evidence of a small-amplitude radial velocity variation, confirming the binary status noted previously. During the course of this initial program, we have discovered a new moderately r-process-enhanced, very metal-poor star, CS 30306-132 ([Fe/H] $= -2.4$; [Eu/Fe] $= +0.85$), which is discussed in detail in the companion paper., Comment: 31 pages, 17 Postscript figures, accepted for publication in ApJS

Message Passing ( MP) and Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) are the two most common approaches to distributed parallel computing. MP is difficult to use, whereas DSM is not scalable. Performance scalability and ease of programming can be achieved at the same time by using navigational programming (NavP). This approach combines the advantages of MP and DSM, and it balances convenience and flexibility. Similar to MP, NavP suggests to its programmers the principle of pivot-computes and hence is efficient and scalable. Like DSM, NavP supports incremental parallelization and shared variable programming and is therefore easy to use. The implementation and performance analysis of real-world algorithms, namely parallel Jacobi iteration and parallel Cholesky factorization, presented in this paper supports the claim that the NavP approach is better suited for general-purpose parallel distributed programming than either MP or DSM.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of three-dimensional CT angiography (CTA), in which contrast material is used to create reformations of dynamic scans, in the diagnosis and the preoperative evaluation of cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: We used 3-D CTA to examine 65 patients with suspected or angiographically verified cerebral aneurysms. A blind study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3-D CTA for cerebral aneurysms with the use of conventional angiography as the reference standard. RESULTS: In 50 patients, conventional angiography revealed 73 cerebral aneurysms ranging from 2 to 32 mm in maximum diameter. Three of the 73 cerebral aneurysms were located outside the imaging volume of 3-D CTA. The sensitivities of the two neuroradiologists for the remaining 70 aneurysms were 67% and 70%, respectively. Although 3-D CTA depicted cerebral aneurysms 5 mm or larger with good accuracy, it was less useful for the detection of smaller aneurysms. For the evaluation of giant aneurysms, this technique elucidated the relationships among the aneurysm, surrounding arteries, and neighboring bone structure. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional CTA is useful for the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms with diameters of 5 mm or more. This technique is especially useful in the preoperative evaluation of giant aneurysms.

The presence or absence of haemopoietic precursors, which produce mixed colonies in vitro (CFU-mix) was examined in the bone marrow and spleen of (WB x C57BL/6) F1-W/Wv mice. Despite the failure of macroscopically evident colonyformation in the spleens of irradiated mice, haemopoietic cells of W/Wv mice did produce macroscopically-evident mixed colonies containing erythroid cells, macrophages, and often megakaryocytes, in culture medium. The size and constitution of mixed colonies derived from W/Wv mice were comparable to those of mixed colonies from congenic +/+ mice. The present results appear consistent with in vivo haemopoiesis in the W/Wv mice, which is obviously deficient, but sufficient for survival.

To determine whether dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or estradiol (E2) exerts negative or positive feedback effects on rat pituitary gland, Testosterone (T) metabolite (T, DHT, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol:3 alpha-diol or E2) was added to the cultured pituitary cells. Anterior pituitary glands were obtained from 6-week-old male rats. Pituitary cells were prepared by trypsin digestion and incubated with various concentrations of steroid hormones for 72 h to determine the effects of steroid hormones on basal secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) after 48 h preculture without steroids. Then 10 nM luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) with appropriate concentrations of these steroid hormones was added to the pituitary cells in culture and incubated for another 6h to determine the effects of steroid hormones on LH-RH induced gonadotropin release. After the incubation, pituitary cells were lysed with 0.1% Triton X100 to measure the intracellular gonadotropin content. The concentration of LH and FSH was determined by radioimmunoassay. T, DHT and 3 alpha-diol stimulated basal FSH but not basal LH secretion, and inhibited both the release of FSH and LH from cultured pituitary cells during incubations with LH-RH in a dose-dependent fashion. Intracellular content of both FSH and LH were increased, and total FSH and not LH was also increased by the addition of DHT in a dose-dependent manner. E2 did not exert any of such effects on pituitary cells in culture. These studies suggest that 5 alpha-reduced metabolites but not aromatized metabolite of T play an important role on feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion at pituitary level. DHT directly acts on pituitary gland not only to stimulate the production of FSH but also to suppress FSH and LH secretion induced by LH-RH.

In this paper, we propose a new distance learning system that can adapt to various styles of learning activity. We assume that the system is used in distance classes with multiple live-streaming videos. Our system has functions to change the screen layout to best suit for the current learning situation for each of the participants in a class. The system also has a function to efficiently monitor the behavior of many students at a time. These functions enable us to adapt various learning activities in distance learning classes. We implemented a prototype of the proposed system and evaluated it in experimental classes. We confirmed that our system improved the activities in the experimental classes.

We clinically evaluated the usefulness of a new oral antimicrobial agent, TFLX, in the field of urology. The dose administered was 150 mg t.i.d and the duration of administration was 3 days. The clinical effect was evaluated according to the criteria of the Japanese UTI committee. The clinical response obtained on 164 female patients with acute simple cystitis was excellent in 118, moderate in 44 and poor in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 98.78%. The clinical response obtained on 4 male patients with acute simple cystitis was excellent in 2 and moderate in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. The clinical response obtained on 3 female patients with simple pyelonephritis was excellent in 2 and moderate in 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 100%. The clinical response obtained on one patient with non-gonococcal urethritis was excellent by doctor's evaluation. The clinical response obtained on 7 patients with complicated UTI was excellent in 3 and moderate in 4 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. Three patients complained of stomach distress or malaise and 2 patients developed rash. No abnormal laboratory data were observed. Thus, TFLX appears to be safe and suitable for use in the field of urology.