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Pressure-sensitive conductive material is used for various pressure sensors consists of a polymer nanocomposite with carbon nanotubes (VGCF). And the resistance in it were changed by adding applied load. Recently, carbon nanotubes (VGCF) has drawn attention as a function filler that imparts various functions to a resin, including electrical properties. In polycarbonate (PC) composite with VGCF, the resistance decreases with increase in applied load. And increase of the addition amount of VGCF was enhanced the mechanical properties and electronic properties. In addition, this conclusion suggested that strain of PC/VGCF caused reducing the resistance. Therefore, changing matrix is predictably effective on electrical properties in pressure-conductive materials. In the present study, we used various matrix had different elastic modulus. The addition amount of VGCF was 12.5% volume rate. We made silicone/VGCF and polyethylene (PE)/VGCF and polycarbonate (PC)/VGCF by twin screw extruder and injection moldings. To clarify the influence of elastic modulus of matrix on conductivity of VGCF dispersed plastic matrix composites. The experimental results showed that conductive property of pressure-sensitive conductive materials is related to elastic modulus of them.

ince the temperature coefficient of resistance of Manganin (Cu-12Mn-2Ni) is extremely small, Manganin plate are used for resistors, especially shunts for current sensing.Generally, the melting and casting is used as a method to make an alloy such as Manganin. Further, the Manganin used as resistive material is produced by rolling after casting. Since such manufacturing processes have heating steps, long molding time is necessary and temperature control is important.In recent years, Cu-11Mn-4Ni powder has been developed. If manganin plate can be produced directly from alloy powder, simplification of the manufacturing process can be expected. A powder metallurgy is used as a method of solidifying and shaping the alloy powder. However many pores are generated in the sample because of using a binder. Therefore, the resistance value of the alloy fabricated through the method may not be stable.The Compression Shearing Method at Room Temperature (COSME-RT) is one of solutions to achieve the high density forming. In COSME-RT alloy powders are simultaneously loaded by a shearing force and a compressive stress in air at room temperature to form a plate. In the process, temperature control is unnecessary and the manufacturing time becomes shorter.In the present study, the fabrication of Cu-11Mn-4Ni plate is carried out by compression shearing method at room temperature and mechanical and electrical properties of the plate are evaluated.

The notions of $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein scheme and of $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein morphism are introduced for locally Noetherian schemes by dualizing complexes and (relative) canonical sheaves. These cover all the previously known notions of $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein algebraic variety and of $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein deformation satisfying Koll\'ar condition, over a field. By studies on relative $\mathbf S_{2}$-condition and base change properties, valuable results are proved for $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein morphisms, which include infinitesimal criterion, valuative criterion, $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein refinement, and so forth.

As a variant of Shokurov's criterion of toric surface, we give a criterion of two new classes of normal projective surfaces, called pseudo-toric surfaces of defect one and half-toric surfaces. A typical example of pseudo-toric surface of defect one is a projective toric surface blown up at a non-singular point of the boundary divisor. A half-toric surface is the quotient of a projective toric surface by an almost free involution preserving the boundary divisor. The structure of pseudo-toric surface of defect one and that of half-toric surface are also studied in detail.

We classify all the projective elliptic fibrations defined over a unit polydisc whose discriminant loci are contained in a union of coordinate hyperplanes, up to the bimeromorphic equivalence relation. If the monodromies are unipotent and if general singular fibers are not of multiple type, then we can construct relative minimal models.

A strong demand in drug discovery and development today is to overcome "Big Gaps" encountered by differences in species and races, to accelerate effective developments in cost and time, and to meet medical needs. Moreover, drugs of various types have emerged which cover middle-size molecules and polymers rather than conventional small molecules. Upon those challenges, mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies, which will be described in this paper, will play an increasingly important role, among which the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) platform will be powerful as rapid and molecule-based analysis more than ever. nanoPore Optical Interferometry (nPOI) newly introduced can detect even weak interactions in protein-protein and protein-compound, and can be connected directly to LC/MS/MS for identification of binding molecular species, which will be quite useful for affinity ranking and high-throughput interaction screening. Imaging MS provides the molecular information and spatial distribution of targeted molecules within a tissue specimen. MS-based clinical proteomics utilizing clinical specimens and empowered by advanced bioinformatics can attain both key protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks with major protein players responsible for functional mechanisms of a disease subtype. An integration of those MS-based technologies will deliver a seamless platform of drug development from molecules identified in human clinical specimens.

This paper presents a method for inspecting micro-holes with diameters of less than 100 μm using audible sound. The inspection system measures the micro-hole diameter by comparing two sound signals. Fluid flow through micro-holes affects the performance of products such as CO gas sensor parts, microphone filters and fuel injection plates. Therefore, if the flow rate of fluid passing through micro-holes is accurately assessed by an inspection system, the performance of a product can be guaranteed.

Rationale Drug discovery studies invariably require qualitative and quantitative analyses of target compounds at every stage of drug discovery. We have developed a system combining molecular interaction analysis and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using the principle of nanopore optical interferometry (nPOI) called molecular interaction kinetics-mass spectrometry (MIK-MS). Since nPOI has high binding capacity, the bond-dissociated compound can be directly detected using LC-MS. In this study, we use carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) as a ligand and apply six small compounds as analytes and report the affinity analysis using MIK-MS. Methods CAII was immobilized onto a COOH sensor chip using standard amine coupling. A reference surface was prepared by activating and subsequently blocking the surface under identical conditions. An amount of 50 μL of mix solution was injected over the reference channel and sample channel for CAII immobilization. The solutions eluting from the sensor chip were collected from the waste-line of the SKi Pro system every 30 s. Reconstructed elution samples were then injected into the LC-MS/MS system. Results A mixture containing furosemide, acetazolamide, 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid, 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalene sulfonamide (DNSA), sulfanilamide and sulpiride (15 μM each) was injected into the CAII-immobilized sensor chip, and the fractions eluted from the SKi Pro system were collected and subjected to selected reaction monitoring LC-MS characterization. Specific results were obtained for acetazolamide, DNSA, furosemide and sulpiride. The results suggest that the association-dissociation curve of a mixed sample can be obtained by one-time MIK-MS analysis. Conclusions Six small-molecule binders of CAII were analyzed quantitatively using nPOI and MIK-MS, and the results were compared to published surface plasmon resonance (SPR) results. The nPOI and SPR results show good agreement, confirming the reliability of the analysis. Time-dependent binding results may be obtained by our MS sensorgram approach. Drugs that meet medical needs in a short period are required; this nPOI-LC-MS system is considered an important tool for rapid drug discovery.

Titanium plates are widely used in clinical settings because of their high bone affinity. However, owing to their high elastic modulus, these plates are not suitable for bone repair since their proximity to the bone surface for prolonged periods can cause stress shielding, leading to bone embrittlement. In contrast, titanium fiber plates prepared by molding titanium fibers into plates by simultaneously applying compression and shear stress at normal room temperature can have an elastic modulus similar to that of bone cortex, and stress shielding will not occur even when the plate lies flush against the bone's surface. Titanium fibers can form a porous structure suitable for cell adhesion and as a bone repair scaffold. A titanium fiber plate is combined with osteoblasts and shown that the titanium fiber plate is better able to facilitate bone tissue repair than the conventional titanium plate when implanted in rat bone defects. Capable of being used in close contact with bone for a long time, and even capable of promoting bone repair, titanium fiber plates have a wide range of applications, and are expected to make great contributions to clinical management of increasing bone diseases, including bone fracture repair and bone regenerative medicine.

In this study, WS2-dispersed Al composite material was fabricated by Compression Shearing Method at Room Temperature, using various WS2content ratios. The mechanical and friction properties of the WS2-dispersed Al composites were measured. As a result, the density measurements showed that the compacted WS2-dispersed aluminum composite had a relative density of 95 to 99%. Tensile strength of WS2-dispersed Al has 200 MPa. The friction coefficient of Al/0.5vol.%WS2was 0.14, a reduction of 83%, in comparison with the 1.0 friction coefficient of the pure Al matrix material. The addition of WS2to the matrix systems used reduced the friction coefficient. Therefore, WS2-dispersed Al composite material is useful for maintenance-free material of slide member.

The materials used for fuel cell separators require a bending strength of more than 70 MPa. Therefore, the contact resistance is required to be 10 mΩ∙cm2, respectively. In the present study, vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCF) were added to Ti composite using the compression shearing method at room temperature. The mechanical properties of the compacted powder were then measured. The microstructure of the Ti/VGCF composite material was Ti with dispersed VGCF (not alloyed). In addition, the bending strength of all Ti/VGCF composites was more than 800 MPa, and the bending strength of 0-1 vol% VGCF composites was twice as much as that for Ti rolled material (ASTM grade 2). Ti/VGCF thin plates also exhibited excellent electrical property. The contact resistance of 5 vol% VGCF was found to be three times smaller than that of Ti rolled material. These properties make the Ti/VGCF composite material suitable as a separator material.

Porous Al is a lightweight material with excellent heat insulation and sound absorption properties and is expected to be used in a wide range of applications. A method based on mechanochemical reactions has been developed as an environmentally friendly approach to porous Al production. Pure Al powder reacts with pure water to form a coating layer of Al (OH)3 on the surface of the powder particles. Adjacent particles then bind together by adhesion of their coating layers. Since a large number of voids remain between the individual particles, the compact is classified as porous Al. In the present study, a mixture of pure Al powder and pure water was subjected to uniaxial compressive stresses ranging from 0 to 100 MPa to form porous Al. The mechanical properties of the resulting compact were evaluated in terms of the amount of H2 produced, the density, the Al (OH)3 texture, the amount of Al (OH)3 formed, and the results of subsequent compression tests. The density of the porous Al was found to increase with increasing compressive stress during formation. The largest amounts of H2 (800 ml) were produced under a compressive stress of 10 MPa. As the compressive stress was increased, the total amount of generated Al (OH)3 increased, was approximately constant from 30 to 50 MPa, and then decreased. The initial maximum stress, the plateau stress, and the absorbed energy increased with increasing compressive stress and were 100 MPa, 17.5 MPa, and 10.1 MJ/m3, respectively, for a compressive stress of 100 MPa.

The goal of the present study is development of high strength pure aluminum by Compression shearing method at room temperature. The powder shape and mean particle size of ultrafine-grained pure aluminum thin plate were changed using the compression shearing method at room temperature. The grain sizes of the ultrafine-grained pure aluminum thin plates were 0.5–1.2 μm. The mechanical properties of the plates were measured, and the Vickers hardness and tensile strength were determined to be 56–90 HV and 175–320 MPa, respectively. Ultrafine-grained pure aluminum thin plates were developed that can have practically any breaking elongation and strength by discretionally changing the shape and mean particle size of the powder.

Algebraically simply connected surfaces of general type with p_g=q=0 and 1\le K^2\le 4 in positive characteristic (with one exception in K^2=4) are presented by using a Q-Gorenstein smoothing of two-dimensional toric singularities, a generalization of Lee-Park's construction in the field of complex numbers to the positive characteristic case, and Grothendieck's specialization theorem for the fundamental group., 78 pages, 16 figures, Final version will appear in Proc. London Math

信州大学博士（医学）・学位論文・平成23年3月31日授与（甲第906号)・荻原伸英, The addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) remarkably improves the mechanical characteristics of base materials. CNT/alumina ceramic composites are expected to be highly functional biomaterials useful in a variety of medical fields. Biocompatibility and bone tissue compatibility were studied for the application of CNT/alumina composites as biomaterials. Methods & results: Inflammation reactions in response to the composite were as mild as those of alumina ceramic alone in a subcutaneous implantation study. In bone implantation testing, the composite showed good bone tissue compatibility and connected directly to new bone. An in vitro cell attachment test was performed for osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, and CNT/alumina composite showed cell attachment similar to that of alumina ceramic. Discussion & conclusion: Owing to proven good biocompatibility and bone tissue compatibility, the application of CNT/alumina composites as biomaterials that contact bone, such as prostheses in arthroplasty and devices for bone repair, are expected., Article, NANOMEDICINE. 7(7):981-993 (2012)

A new method of solidifying metal powder by dynamic molding under compression stress was developed. In the solidified specimen, recrystallization is suppressed, so that nanoscale crystal grains remain. The hardness of the specimen prepared by this process is increased relative to materials prepared by other methods. The material properties and preferred orientation of an aluminum plate with crystal grains 100−200 nm in diameter prepared by the new molding process are reported. The correlation between the crystal structure and properties of crystallization are clarified.

Ti has high strength, good corrosion resistance, is lightweight and shows good biocompatibility. It has thus been used extensively for mechanical and medical structural components. On the other hand, the disadvantages of Ti include a high melting point, ease of oxidization at high temperatures, low specific heat and low thermal conductivity. There are three specific problems associated with Ti metallurgy. The first is that powder metallurgical processing requires high temperatures and a high vacuum, the second is that samples produced by existing powder metallurgy techniques have a low density, and the third is the occurrence of burning because of a local temperature rise during the cutting process. Therefore, in the present work, a new high-speed, room-temperature molding process involving compression rotation shearing was developed. This method can be used for solidification of metal powders by enforced plastic flow and breaking of oxide films. Therefore, no external heat is required and the molding time is short. The proposed method represents an easy approach to consolidating high melting point metallic materials.

症例は68歳女性．黄疸の精査のため，当院紹介となった．CT上膵頭部に造影効果を受ける径4cm大の腫瘍を認め，内視鏡では十二指腸乳頭部の開口部より腫瘍が突出しているのが観察された．この部分を内視鏡下に生検することにより，術前に病理学的に非機能性膵内分泌腫瘍の診断を得た． 膵頭部の腫瘍に対して，膵頭十二指腸切除術を行った．病理組織診断では主膵管内に腫瘍が充満し，十二指腸乳頭部の開口部より突出するように進展した，非機能性膵内分泌腫瘍と診断された． 膵内分泌腫瘍は，一般的には膨張発育形式を示すものが多いとされている．膵管内に腫瘍を認めた報告もあるが，主膵管内に充満し，十二指腸乳頭部の開口部より十二指腸内に突出するように進展するものはまれであると考えられるため，若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する．

われわれは診断から18年という長い経過を呈したガストリノーマの肝転移の1例を経験したので報告する. 症例は65歳, 男性. 40年前より心窩部痛が出現. 1987年に膵頭部ガストリノーマおよび多発性肝転移と診断. 原発巣は徐々に不明瞭となるも肝腫瘍は増加, 増大するため2005年8月に肝切除術を施行した. 肝転移を認めるガストリノーマは予後不良とされているが, 積極的な切除が予後を改善すると考えられた.

Deformation of solder under uniaxial tensile and shear loads was studied using an electromotive force (EMF) method. The EMF started to increase as the solder wires deformed plastically and reached its maximum when necking and tensile fracture of the wires were observed. The maximum value of EMF increased linearly as the deformation speed increased. EMF generation was measured for the shear deformation of both solder wires and ball joints. The EMF maximum values for shear fracture of solder joints varied according to the fracture surface conditions. These results demonstrate that the EMF method is a useful technique for evaluating the deformation of solder.

症例は68歳,男性.吐血にて救急搬送された.上部消化管内視鏡検査にて,胃体中部前壁に潰瘍形成を伴う粘膜下病変をみとめた.上部消化管造影X線検査では胃小彎側ほぼ全長にわたり壁外性圧排所見をみとめ,腹部造影CT検査では最大径13cmの境界明瞭で内部不均一な腫瘤がみられた.胃内外発育型の胃原発GISTと診断し,開腹胃局所切除術を施行した.腫瘍切除に際し,腫瘍近傍において胃壁の漿膜筋層を切開して胃内発育部分を胃壁外に誘導した後,自動縫合器で全層切離を行った.病理組織検査で切離断端に腫瘍細胞みとめず,また術後上部消化管造影検査で残胃変形や通過障害はみられなかった.本術式は,胃GISTに対して根治性と術後QOLを両立させ,かつ特別な器具や技術を必要としない,有用で普及が期待されるものと考えられた.

射出成形したPC/LCPブレンドの引張強度とLCPドメインのフィブリル化, 分子配向性との相関性について検討した. 得られた主要な結果は次のようにまとめられる. (1) PC/LCPブレンドは非相溶系であるが, PCの溶融粘度が高いため, LCPドメインをフィブリル化, 高い分子配向をさせやすく, 試料強度の向上に有利である. (2) 射出速度の増加は中間層におけるLCPフィブリルの分子配向性の上昇とコア層における分子配向性の低下を生じさせるため, 試料の引張強度の変化があまりなかった. (3) 試料厚さの減少は高い分子配向性を有するフィブリルの試料断面に占める割合が高くなるため, 引張強度が大きく向上した. (4) LCP含有量の増加は単なるLCPフィブリルの数量を増やしただけでなく, 中間層におけるフィブリルの分子配向性も向上させたため, 試料の引張強度が著しく向上した. (5) 厚さ2mmの試料の引張強度は複合則の理論引張強度よりはるかに高い値を示す相乗効果が見いだされた.

Smooth compact complex surfaces admitting non-trivial surjective endomorphisms are classified up to isomorphism. The algebraic case was dealt with earlier by the authors. The following surfaces are listed in the non-algebraic case: a complex torus, a Kodaira surface, a Hopf surface with at least two curves, a successive blowups of an Inoue surface with curves whose centers are nodes of curves, and an Inoue surface without curves satisfying a rationality condition.

Amorphous melt-spun ribbons of an Nd15Fe77B8 magnetic alloy were consolidated into bulk form by the compression shearing method. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies confirmed that the amorphous structure was well maintained in the compacted material. No appreciable crystallites were seen in the microstructure of the compacted material. The magnetic properties of the amorphous bulk material were comparable to those of the amorphous melt-spun ribbon.

We report a new compression shearing method for the production of bulk amorphous materials. In this study, amorphous Nd–Fe–B melt-spun ribbons were successfully consolidated into bulk form at room temperature by the compression shearing method. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that the amorphous structure was well maintained in the bulk materials. The resultant bulk materials exhibited the same magnetic properties as the original amorphous Nd–Fe–B materials.