Search

Additional file 1. How to perform the targeted next-generation sequencing using an in-house assay of the resected specimen.

Additional file1. Immunohistochemical staining of transurethral resection samples. (A) Tumor protein p53. (B) Retinoblastoma transcriptional corepressor. (C) Androgen receptor. (D) Prostate-specific antigen. (E) Synaptophysin. (F) Chromogranin A. (G) Cluster of differentiation 56. (H) Glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 1. The bars show 100μm.

Layered metal-organic frameworks and metal-organic nanosheets have been regarded as an important series of low-dimensional materials. Their flexible designability and intrinsic porosity allow layered metal-organic frameworks and metal-organic nanosheets to be differentiated from inorganic counterparts. The present review article is devoted to collecting pieces of research aiming at exploiting layered metal-organic frameworks and metal-organic nanosheets as innovative nanomaterials. Spearheaded by an introductory part as Section 1, the present review article includes Section 2 (Physical properties), Section 3 (Electrocatalysis), Section 4 (Separation and filtration), Section 5 (Energy devices), Section 6 (Sensors), Section 7 (Theories for unveiled properties), and Section 8 (Conclusions and outlook)

Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target., 「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Details of the KRAS point mutation. Figure S2. Details of the KDM6A alteration. Figure S3. (Copy-number alteration and variant allele frequency (VAF) in case 1. The horizontal axis corresponds to each examined gene and the vertical axis corresponds to (A) copy number or (B) VAF. Figure S4. Copy-number alteration and variant allele frequency (VAF) in case 2. The horizontal axis corresponds to each examined gene and the vertical axis corresponds to the (A) copy number or (B) VAF.

Additional file 2: Materials and Methods.

Genome research using appropriately collected pathological tissue samples is expected to yield breakthroughs in the development of biomarkers and identification of therapeutic targets for diseases such as cancers. In this connection, the Japanese Society of Pathology (JSP) has developed “The JSP Guidelines on the Handling of Pathological Tissue Samples for Genomic Research” based on an abundance of data from empirical analyses of tissue samples collected and stored under various conditions. Tissue samples should be collected from appropriate sites within surgically resected specimens, without disturbing the features on which pathological diagnosis is based, while avoiding bleeding or necrotic foci. They should be collected as soon as possible after resection: at the latest within about 3 h of storage at 4°C. Preferably, snap‐frozen samples should be stored in liquid nitrogen (about −180°C) until use. When intending to use genomic DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue, 10% neutral buffered formalin should be used. Insufficient fixation and overfixation must both be avoided. We hope that pathologists, clinicians, clinical laboratory technicians and biobank operators will come to master the handling of pathological tissue samples based on the standard operating procedures in these Guidelines to yield results that will assist in the realization of genomic medicine.

Precisely tuned functional coordination nanosheet exhibits competent catalytic activity for HER, accompany with drastic electronic property switching by redox treatment., A π-conjugated coordination nanosheet comprising bis(aminothiolato)nickel (NiAT) moieties was synthesized by the reaction of Ni(acac)2 with 1,3,5-triaminobenzene-2,4,6-trithiol at liquid–liquid and gas–liquid interfaces. The sheet thickness could be controlled down to a single layer (0.6 nm). Selected area electron diffraction and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analyses indicated the formation of a flat crystalline sheet with a kagome lattice stacked in a staggered alignment. NiAT was reversibly interconverted to a bis(iminothiolato)nickel (NiIT) nanosheet by the chemical 2H+–2e– reaction, which was accompanied by a drastic change in electrical conductivity from 3 × 10–6 to 1 × 10–1 S cm–1. This change in conductivity was explained by the difference in band structures between NiAT and NiIT. NiAT acted as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, showing strong acid durability and an onset overpotential of –0.15 V.

The role of intraoperative pathological diagnosis for central nervous system (CNS) tumors is crucial for neurosurgery when determining the surgical procedure. Especially, treatment of carmustine (BCNU) wafers requires a conclusive diagnosis of high-grade glioma proven by intraoperative diagnosis. Recently, we demonstrated the usefulness of rapid immunohistochemistry (R-IHC) that facilitates antigen-antibody reaction under alternative current (AC) electric field in the intraoperative diagnosis of CNS tumors; however, a higher proportion of water and lipid in the brain parenchyma sometimes leads to freezing artifacts, resulting in poor quality of frozen sections. On the other hand, squash smear preparation of CNS tumors for cytology does not affect the frozen artifacts, and the importance of smear preparation is now being re-recognized as being better than that of the tissue sections. In this study, we established the rapid immunocytochemistry (R-ICC) protocol for squash smears of CNS tumors using AC electric field that takes only 22 min, and demonstrated its usefulness for semi-quantitative Ki-67/MIB-1 labeling index and CD 20 by R-ICC for intraoperative diagnosis. R-ICC by AC electric field may become a substantial tool for compensating R-IHC and will be applied for broad antibodies in the future.

Although several studies have suggested that aneurysmal wall inflammation and laminar thrombus are associated with the rupture of saccular aneurysms, the mechanisms leading to the rupture remain obscure. We performed full exposure of aneurysms before clip application and attempted to keep the fibrin cap on the rupture point. Using these specimens in a nearly original state before surgery, we conducted a pathological analysis and studied the differences between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms to clarify the mechanism of aneurysmal wall degeneration. This study included ruptured (n=28) and unruptured (n=12) saccular aneurysms resected after clipping. All of the ruptured aneurysms were obtained within 24 h of onset. Immunostainings for markers of inflammatory cells (CD68) and classical histological staining techniques were performed. Clinical variables and pathological findings from ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were compared. Patients with ruptured or unruptured aneurysms did not differ by age, gender, size, location, and risk factors, such as hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia. The absence or fragmentation of the internal elastica lamina, the myointimal hyperplasia, and the thinning of the aneurysmal wall were generally observed in both aneurysms. The existence of subintimal fibrin deposition, organized laminar thrombus, intramural hemorrhage, neovascularization, and monocyte infiltration are more frequently observed in ruptured aneurysms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ruptured aneurysm was associated with presence of subintimal fibrin deposition and monocyte infiltration. These findings suggest that subintimal fibrin deposition and chronic inflammation have a strong impact on degeneration of the aneurysmal wall leading to their rupture, and this finding may be caused by endothelial dysfunction.

The synthesis of palladium bis(dithiolene) complex nanosheets (PdDt) possessing a kagome-type lattice structure was performed via interfacial reaction between metal salt in aqueous phase and dithiolato ligand in organic phase. The PdDt nanosheets were characterised by AFM, STM, TEM revealing flat and sheet-like morphology; IR, UV spectroscopy show the corresponding coordination connectivity between metal and ligand, followed by powder X-ray diffraction and SAED, which determined nanosheets to be structurally similar to previously reported nickel bis(dithiolene) complex nanosheets NiDt.

がん進展制御研究所, EML4-ALK lung cancer accounts for approximately 3-7% of non-small-cell lung cancer cases. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying tumor progression and targeted drug sensitivity/resistance in EML4-ALK lung cancer, clinically relevant animal models are indispensable. In this study, we found that the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A925L expresses an EML4-ALK gene fusion (variant 5a, E2:A20) and is sensitive to the ALK inhibitors crizotinib and alectinib. We further established highly tumorigenic A925LPE3 cells, which also have the EML4-ALK gene fusion (variant 5a) and are sensitive to ALK inhibitors. By using A925LPE3 cells with luciferase gene transfection, we established in vivo imaging models for pleural carcinomatosis, bone metastasis, and brain metastasis, all of which are significant clinical concerns of advanced EML4-ALK lung cancer. Interestingly, crizotinib caused tumors to shrink in the pleural carcinomatosis model, but not in bone and brain metastasis models, whereas alectinib showed remarkable efficacy in all three models, indicative of the clinical efficacy of these ALK inhibitors. Our in vivo imaging models of multiple organ sites may provide useful resources to analyze further the pathogenesis of EML4-ALK lung cancer and its response and resistance to ALK inhibitors in various organ microenvironments. © 2015 The Authors.

The titled coordination polymers feature crystallization, single wire exfoliation, processability, and applicability to photoelectric and thermoelectric conversion systems., One-dimensional coordination polymers (1D-CPs) tend either to dissociate into constitutive ligands and metals readily in solution, or to aggregate randomly and amorphously, which prevents them from widespread application. In the present research, 1D-CPs comprising bridging dipyrrin ligands and divalent metal ions (Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+) are synthesized. A liquid/liquid interfacial reaction gives rise to single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis: A dichloromethane solution of the ligand is layered with aqueous metal(ii) acetate, such that the coordination reaction proceeds at the liquid/liquid interface. Isolated single fibers of the zinc coordination polymer may be exfoliated from the single crystal or bulk solid upon ultrasonication. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) detects the isolated fibers with lengths of more than several μm. The exfoliated 1D-CP wires feature good processability, realizing a conjugate with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and a thin film on a transparent SnO2 electrode. The processed materials show electric conversion ability: For example, the modified SnO2 electrode serves as a photoanode for a photoelectric conversion system. The designability and tunability of the present 1D-CPs is demonstrated by a ligand modification, affording a luminescent property and an extension of the photoelectric conversion response to longer wavelengths.

We report a rare case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) presenting with hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (HCP), abducens nerve palsy, and stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). A 59-year-old Japanese man presented with a year history of nasal obstruction and a 2-month history of slight headache. Histopathological examination of the granulomatous mucosa in the ethmoid sinuses resected by endoscopic sinus surgery revealed necrotizing vasculitis with multinucleated giant cells. The patient was diagnosed with the limited form of GPA as a result of the systemic examination. He declined immunosuppressive treatment. Eighteen months after the diagnosis of GPA, he presented with diplopia and severe headache. Though nasal findings indicating GPA were not observed in the nasal cavity, CT scan revealed a lesion of the right sphenoid sinus eroding the bone of the clivus. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the brain showed thickening of the dura mater around the right cavernous sinus and clivus. Magnetic resonance angiography and cerebral angiography revealed narrowing at the C5 portion of the ICA. Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide resolved headache and dramatically improved HCP and stenosis of the ICA.

application/pdf

A bis(terpyridine)iron network polymer was fabricated by electropolymerisation on a glassy carbon electrode. The modified electrode allowed high-speed charging and discharging with a minor capacity decay (only 5% after 3000 cycles at 1 V s(-1)).

Pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs) are rare neoplasms which occupy less than 1% of primary central nervous system tumors. Because of their rare incidence, the previous reports on PPTs are limited in number and the useful molecular markers for deciding the histological grading and even selecting chemotherapy are undetermined. In this study, we conducted immunohistochemical analysis of 12 PPT specimens, especially for expression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) to assess whether temozolomide (TMZ) could serve as a possible alternative therapy for PPTs. We analyzed 12 PPTs consisting of 3 pineocytomas, 6 pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTIDs), and 3 pineoblastomas. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using antibody against MGMT, synaptophysin, neurofilament protein (NF), p53, and NeuN. Immunohistochemically, 11 out of 12 cases were positive for MGMT. The mean MIB-1 labeling index was less than 1% in pineocytoma, 3.5% in PPTID, and 10.5% in pineoblastoma. All 12 cases were positive for synaptophysin and 11 cases except 1 PPTID case showed positive for NF. Nuclear staining of NeuN was negative in all cases although cytoplasmic stain of NeuN was observed in 5 cases. No case was positive for p53. Eleven out of 12 cases of PPTs demonstrated MGMT expression, suggesting chemoresistancy to TMZ treatment. This is the first report showing MGMT expression in PPTs. In addition, MIB-1 labeling index correlated with WHO grade, although the immunoreactivity of synaptophysin, NF, NeuN, and p53 did not correlate with the histological grade.

Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive tumor which accounts for almost 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. In this study, we found the expression of CD133 in human synovial sarcoma specimens, thus we focused on the function of CD133 in synovial sarcoma. Separation of the CD133-positive and -negative subpopulations in synovial sarcoma cell lines clarified that the CD133-negative subpopulation exhibited enhanced growth and hyperphosphorylation of AKT. Treatment of Akt inhibitor suppressed the cell growth of CD133-negative subpopulation to the levels of CD133-positive cells. These results suggest that CD133 has negative effect on the growth of cells through AKT-dependent signalling pathway.

We present a case of short-rib polydactyly syndrome (SRP) type 3 in which accurate prenatal diagnosis was feasible using both ultrasonography and 3D-CT. SRPs encompass a heterogeneous group of lethal skeletal dysplasias. However, the phenotypes overlap with those of nonlethal skeletal dysplasias, i.e., Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and Jeune syndrome. As accurate prenatal diagnosis of SRPs is helpful for parents, we used 3D-CT in the early third trimester to examine a fetus suggested to have phenotypes of "short-rib dysplasia group" on ultrasonography. 3D-CT showed mild modification of the vertebral bodies, small ilia with horizontal acetabula and triangular partial ossification defects, and subtle metaphyseal irregularities of the femora. These CT findings and an extensive literature search regarding the phenotypes of various diseases categorized as "short-rib dysplasia group" led to a correct prenatal diagnosis of SRP type 3. This case exemplified the usefulness of 3D-CT for the precise prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias.

Dendritic polyphenylazomethines (DPA) could encapsulate ferroceniums by complexation of the electron-donating skeleton of the DPA imines. Upon addition of ferroceniums to a series of dendritic polyphenylazomethines (DPAGX, where X is the generation number, X = 1-4), the UV-vis spectra showed changes in a manner similar to that observed for the complexation of metal ions with DPAGX. Stepwise shifts in the isosbestic point were consistently observed with the number of imine groups in the first and second layers of the generation-4 dendrimer (DPAG4). DPAG2 and DPAG3 were also found to trap 6 equiv of ferroceniums. To investigate the complexation, UV-vis spectroscopy, (57)Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and fluorescence spectroscopy were performed. We confirmed that neutral ferrocenes cannot complex with the imine group while ferroceniums can. Utilizing the redox property of ferrocenes, we were able to electrochemically control the encapsulation and release of ferrocenes into the DPA in a manner similar to redox-responsive proteins such as ferritin. In addition to ferrocenes, oligoferrocenes could also be trapped in the DPA. The biferrocene cation(1+) was particularly suitable for electrochemical switching due to its stable mixed valence condition. The terferrocene dication(2+) encapsulated into DPAG4 could be fabricated into a thin film, which exhibited the near-infrared absorption of an intervalence charge-transfer (IV-CT) band, pointing the way toward the use of such systems in material science.

application/pdf, The contents of natural science in Japanese elementary and high schools are changed accordingto the revision of the school curriculum guideline. In this paper, we study the variation of contents in elementary and junior-high schools by the revision in 2008. We find that the contents increase, and we argue that students can learn science more systematically according to the revision. We confirm that the most of the "new" contents were actually present in the revision of 1989, but they were not included in the revision of 1998. For each content, the school year is specified in the guideline, and the year has changed for some contents. We find that several contents have brand-new subjects that have not been included before, i.e. "animals and plants in the backyard" in elementary, "DNA" and the "Galaxy" in junior-high, and "safe education" (chemistry) in both elementary and junior-high schools. We note that one should take much care to those brand-new subjects before teaching them. We alsodiscuss some aspects of classes of teachers' training course in Kagawa University.

application/pdf, Effect of rare sugars on physiology of yeast Candida tropicalis pK233 was studied. Of rare sugars tested, L-sorbose exerted a significant effect. L-Sorbose inhibited growth strongly and brought about pseudhyphal growth in the absence of D-glucose. This effect was not shown in the presence of D-glucose. L-Sorbose caused a decrease of respiratory activity. Cell lysis, cell death and leakage of intracellular components, such as nucleotides and potassium ion, were brought about by L-sorbose.

application/PDF, 本学部理科教育講座の現行カリキュラムに仮説的に示されている理科教員の「教育実践力」をふまえ, 2007年12月11日に実施された学部教員と附属学校教員の合同研究会で議論されたことに基づいて, 教育実習を通して学生が教育実践力を向上させていく過程のなかから, その重要な諸要素とそれらの関係・構造の明確化を試みた。理科をおもしろいと感じていることが, 理科教員の「教育実践力」の重要な要素であり土台に位置していると考えられる。, 研究論文・実践報告

application/pdf, 平成18年度, 19年度, 初等理科(化学分野)について受講前後で同一の小テストを行い, 受講前後での理解度の違いを調査した。受講前に正答率の低かった設問の中で, 授業で取り上げたものの多くは受講後正答率が改善された。特に食塩水を放置した後の濃度, 酸素の捕集, 二酸化炭素の性質, アルカリによる金属の溶解については大きく改善された。, 研究論文・実践報告

論文

application/pdf, Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 2018 began to flocculate in the middle exponential phase, while they were dispersed in the early‐growth phase. Cycloheximide strongly inhibited induction of floc‐forming ability of the early‐phase cells when the antibiotic was added to the growing culture. A definite co‐flocculation occurred when the non‐flocculent early‐phase cells and flocculent cells were mixed. Photo‐irradiation of early‐phase cells in the presence of methylene blue did not weaken the co‐flocculation with flocculent cells. After treatment with mercaptoethanol, early‐phase cells co‐flocculated with the complete cells much more strongly. The early‐phase cells treated with periodate failed to co‐flocculate with the complete cells. On the other hand, the complete cells deflocculated by treatment with mercaptoethanol or photo‐irradiation did not co‐flocculate with early‐phase cells. Although flocculent cells deflocculated by periodate oxidation failed to co‐flocculate with early‐phase cells, mercaptoethanol treatment of the early‐phase cells promoted the co‐flocculation. It is suggested that early‐phase cells are not able to produce surface protein component essential for self‐flocculation.

application/pdf, 学部の理科教員全員によるチームティーチングを実施している「理科授業研究I」の内容を,附属学校教員の立場から評価した。その観点は教育現場での実験教材としての有効性と教育実習の事前の指導としての意義であり,本報告は授業の概要の紹介を行った後に考察結果と今後の課題をまとめたものである。, 研究論文・実践報告

application/pdf

application/pdf, 国際的に科学教育を学ぶ意味が変化している。現実の社会に起こっている科学技術の諸問題を吟味し判断できる力が,科学リテラシーである。これがすべての人々が身につけるべき課題として教育されているかが問われている。勿論この力は,一定の科学知識を前提する。また生徒の抱く不思議などの具体的事例を教えてこそ,科学的思考力・判断力も養成できる。よってこの課題の達成には,独自の具体的教材を,知識を教えつつ,科学するの授業案をつくる教員の,高い分析力・判断力を必要とする。この教員養成教育を,香川大学教育学部の理科教育講座では,先行研究として,蓄積しつつある。「理科授業研究1」の学生主体の理科教育実験ゼミ「理科授業研究II」の科学する単元案づくりのゼミなどである。ここでは,その実践の意味や背景を,よい科学リテラシーを持つ生徒を,教育現場から実践的につくりあげる永続的過程の一端として,ここに報告する。

A series of electrochromic metal complex nanosheets comprising 1,3,5-tris(4-(2,2':6',2″-terpyridyl)phenyl)benzene or 1,3,5-tris((2,2':6',2″-terpyridyl)ethynyl)benzene and Fe(2+) or Co(2+) was synthesized. The preparation of multilayered nanosheets was achieved by liquid/liquid interfacial synthesis using an organic ligand solution and an aqueous metal-ion solution. The resultant nanosheet had a flat, smooth morphology and was several hundreds of nanometers thick. Upon its deposition on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, the nanosheet underwent a reversible and robust redox reaction (Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) or Co(2+)/Co(+)) accompanied by a distinctive color change. Electrochromism was achieved in a solidified device composed of the nanosheet, a pair of ITO electrodes, and a polymer-supported electrolyte. The combination of Fe(2+) and Co(2+) nanosheets in one device-deposited on each ITO electrode-demonstrated dual-electrochromic behavior.

application/pdf, Cells of Saccharomyces diastaticus IFO 1958 did not flocculate 24 h after inoculation in the medium with starch as carbon source but flocculated 48 h after inoculation. Cycloheximide completely inhibited induction of floc‐forming ability of cells grown for 24 h in the medium including starch. The effect of chemical modification of cell surface protein and carbohydrate components on the floc‐forming ability of flocculent cells grown with starch for 48 h and 72 h was studied. Treatment with proteolytic enzymes destroyed the floc‐forming ability. Photo‐oxidation in the presence of methylene blue and reduction with mercaptoethanol eliminated the flocculent ability. Oxidation with sodium periodate also deprived the cells of floc‐forming ability. High concentrations of protein‐denaturants brought about reversible deflocculation of the flocculent cells. These findings suggest that cell surface protein and carbohydrate components play essential roles in flocculation of the cells grown with starch.

application/pdf, Flocculation of Saccharomyces diastaticus IFO 1958 was studied. Cells of IFO 1958 did not flocculate even in the stationary phase without Mg²⁺ although they began to flocculate strongly 18h after inoculation in the presence of Mg²⁺. Cycloheximide completely inhibited induction of floe‐forming ability of Mg²⁺‐deficient cells. Co‐flocculation between flocculent cells and Mg²⁺‐deficient cells was investigated by treatment by proteolytic enzymes and chemical modification. Treatment of Mg²⁺‐deficient cells by proteolytic enzymes did not affect the co‐flocculation with flocculent cells. Photo‐oxidation or mercaptoethanol‐reduction of Mg²⁺‐deficient cells failed to diminish the co‐flocculation with flocculent cells while treatment of Mg²⁺‐deficient cells by periodate caused a considerable loss of the co‐flocculation. On the other hand, flocculent cells deflocculated by proteolysis or chemical modification of protein component failed to co‐flocculate with Mg²⁺‐deficient cells. These findigs suggest that Mg²⁺‐deficient cells are non‐flocculent because of lack of protein component essential for flocculation of cells of IFO 1958.

application/pdf

application/pdf, 1998年の学習指導要領の改訂に伴う教科書の変化について調べた。新教科書は,記載量が増えている場合もあるが,全体としては内容が削減された分だけ記載量も減少しており,必ずしも残された内容の説明の充実が図られているわけではないことが分かった。また,理科を学ぶ上で,基本的な事項となる内容の削減が行われており,大きな問題点を持っている。これらは学習指導要領の改定によって生じていることが確認された。

application/pdf, 1998年の学習指導要領の改訂により新たに編集された新教科書について比較検討を行った。新教科書は全体としそは,図版が多く取り入れられており,よく工夫されている。しかしながら,学習指導要領の制約により基本的な事項が削減されるなど疑問な点も見みられた。また,学習指導要領の記載の順に単元が構成されている教科書が多く,それが場合によって合理性を欠くことになっているケースが見られた。

application/pdf, 教科書がより使いやすくまた学問的にも正しく改善されるために、現在発行されている小学校「理科」教科書（6社）に関する問題点を、物理、化学、生物、地学、および理科教育の立場で検討しそのとりまとめをおこなった。使用した教科書は、学校図書、教育出版、啓林館、信濃教育会出版部、大日本図書、東京書籍であり、本稿では5・6学年を取り扱った。

application/pdf, 教科書がより使いやすくまた学問的にも正しく改善されるために、現在発行されている小学校「理科」教科書（6社）に関する問題点を、物理、化学、生物、地学、および理科教育の立場で検討しそのとりまとめをおこなった。使用した教科書は、学校図書、教育出版、啓林館、信濃教育会出版部、大日本図書、東京書籍であり、本稿では3・4学年を扱った。