Search

Objective To estimate the levels of perceived stress and determine the professional quality of life domains namely, compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary trauma and their associated factors in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out across a number of NICUs in North India from May to June 2022. A total of 223 nurses included in the study were given a self-administered questionnaire consisting of their sociodemographic profile, work profile, PSS 14 scale, and ProQol 5 scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results Based on PSS 14, 52(23.3%), 132(59.2%), and 39(17.5%) nurses experienced mild, moderate, and severe stress, respectively. Burnout and secondary trauma were found to be average in the majority of nurses (178[79.8%] and 175 [78.5%], respectively) in regard to professional quality of life domains. A sizable portion of the nurses was found to have average to high compassion satisfaction. Factors such as more number of night duties, alarms and lights in NICU, lesser professional experience, high workload, being unmarried, and having no children were found to be significant in association with perceived stress and professional quality of life. Conclusion According to this study, the majority of nurses who work in NICUs experience moderate levels of stress, which negatively impacts their professional quality of life. Therefore, it is important to consider various stress management programs based on the stressors.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the efficacy of three diagnostic methods, Direct visual method, Magnifying loupes and Dental operating microscope in recognising all the canals of the root canal system in maxillary first molars using CBCT and reference standard method. Materials and Methods: A total of 65 maxillary first molars were selected for this study. Teeth selected were evaluated by Periapical radiographs and CBCT. Access cavities of selected extracted human maxillary first molars were prepared, and the floor of the pulp chamber was then explored to locate the MB2 canal in five stages: Stage I (Direct Visual Method), Stage II (under ×3.5 Magnifying Loupes with light-emitting diode [LED] light), Stage III (Under Dental Operating Microscope), and Stage IV (Cross-sectioning was done below CEJ and the sections were evaluated using stereomicroscope at 10x magnification). Statistical Analysis: The descriptive statistics were tabulated using Chi square test to compare the efficacy between the diagnostic methods. Senstivity, specificity, Positive /Negative predictive values were calculated for each method. Results: The results obtained in this study showed that CBCT was most accurate with the dimensional accuracy of 96% followed by Dental operating microscope which performed better (with the diagnostic accuracy of 76%) than the magnifying loupes (with the diagnostic accuracy of 64%) direct visual method (with the diagnostic accuracy 60%). Conclusion: The dental operating microscope was most effective in the detection of MB2 canals followed by magnifying loupes and direct visual method. Additionally, CBCT could be used as a supplementary diagnostic tool in cases in which canals are not found using the methods available in the dental office. Keywords: Diagnostic methods, Direct visual method, Magnifying loupes, Dental operating microscope, CBCT, Cross-sectioning, Diagnostic accuracy.

Fractures and wear tooth, poor dental position, trauma and dissatisfaction with aesthetics are the major causes why patients seek for dental treatment. This work aims to present a technique for treating cases with aesthetic requirements using guides, to restore teeth with a G.V. Black’s Class IV restoration. The combination of rising patient aesthetic demands and the desire for conservative dentistry, has resulted in development of intricate direct composite layering techniques. Direct restorations have good predictability, resistance load, longevity and compared with indirect restorations have greater preservation of dental tissues, low cost and fewer clinical sessions. This case report describes a systematic system to rebuild the lost anatomy of a maxillary central incisor with dental composites. Keywords: Composite resin restoration, Dental esthetics, Lingual putty technique.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the abdominal area. They can involve any portion of GI tract, omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneum, and other sites. The tumor is seen to be arising from interstitial cell of Cajal, the pacemaker cells of the GI muscularis propria. About 60% of GISTs occur in stomach. More than 95% of GISTs are positive for immunohistochemical marker Crohn’s disease (CD) CD117. Still in 5% of cases, CD117 expression is not found. Although, in these cases, staining with discovered on GIST-1 (DOG1, also known as ANO1) can be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of GIST histomorphological diagnosis remains the gold standard diagnostic modality with CD 117 positivity leading to more confirmation. Tumor size and mitotic count remain the main factors in the risk categorization of tumors. Furthermore, every spindle cell lesion should undergo CD117 immunohistochemistry markers as an initial workup.

Genetic variations of the beta casein gene hold importance because of their probable association with human health. Comparative sequence analysis of β-casein gene across Indian native, crossbred and exotic breeds in India revealed 15 SNPs and 4 INDELs corresponding to 14 haplotypes. The frequency of A2 type haplotype was maximum (0.941) across all Indian native breeds. Among the 15 variants reported for taurine breeds, only three (A1, A2 and B) were observed in analysed populations. Allelic profiling of A1/A2 β-casein variants in ~ 4000 animals belonging to three cattle types and breeding bulls also revealed the predominance of A2 allele (0.95) in Indian cattle. The high proportion of A2 allele/haplotype indicates that Indian native cattle are the best suited to meet the demands for A2 milk globally. However, a higher percentage of heterozygous genotype (A1A2) in breeding bulls warrants the need to screen sire lines so as to drift the herd towards A2.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03232-0.

Background & Method: Present Study was done with an aim to find out Etiology and clinical profile of patients of Acute Kidney Injury at Tertiary Care Centre of Indore. After taking institutional ethical clearance and written consent from the patients a cross sectional observational study was conducted on 100 Patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit of INDEX MEDICAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH CENTRE who have clinical and / or biochemical evidence of acute kidney injury, detailed thorough history taking, general physical examination, systemic examination and routine and specific lab investigations, were done to find out the underlying etiology, clinical features and outcome of Acute Kidney Injury. Result: This study includes various etiology of acute kidney injury in the current study. Most common cause being AGE (30%) followed by septicemia (16%) and poisoning (14%). In present study 75 % of cases were of Pre Renal AKI. Post Renal and Renal AKI was present in 13% and 12% respectively. Conclusion: The variety of clinical features were recorded and studied, the most commonly observed clinical feature was oliguria closely followed by malaise and vomiting in acute kidney injury. Acute gastrointestinal infection was the most common cause of acute kidney injury. Other frequent causes were septicemia, poisoning, multi organ dysfunction syndrome. Keywords: Etiology, clinical & Acute Kidney.

Adenomyomatous polyp is a rare subtype of endometrial polyp. About 1.3% of endometrial polys are adenomyomatous polyps. It affects females of fourth decade and above. This polyp is comprised of smooth muscles, endometrial glands and endometrial stroma. We report a case of 38-year female with history of secondary infertility. To the best of our knowledge, no case of adenomyomatous polyp has ever been presented with the complaint of inability to conceive, in the literature. Keywords: Adenomyomatous, Polyp, Infertility, Smooth muscle.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of training in improvement of balance control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Older adults (mean age 78) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively intact older adults (mean age 72) were exposed to self-initiated perturbations while performing bilateral shoulder flexion task before and after a single training session consisting of throwing a medicine ball. EMG activity of six trunk and lower limb muscles was recorded. Muscle onsets, integrals of EMG, and muscle co-contraction (C) and reciprocal (R) activation indices were calculated and analyzed during the anticipatory and compensatory phases of postural control. Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) were observed in both groups. Individuals with MCI, as compared to controls, had higher level of co-contraction of muscles. The training resulted in enhancement of the generation of APAs in individuals with MCI seen as earlier onset of leg and trunk muscle activity prior to the bilateral arm flexion task. While smaller co-contraction of muscles post-training was seen in both the groups, the effect of a single training session was significant in control subjects only. The outcome of the exploratory study suggests that perturbation-based training could be used to improve balance control in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment.

Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) experience difficulties with memory and task execution. Walking while performing a secondary task could affect gait of individuals with MCI and increase fall risk. The aim of the study was to investigate gait in individuals with MCI performing motor and cognitive secondary tasks. Eight individuals with MCI and eight age-matched healthy older adults walked over the GAITRite walkway under three different conditions: with no secondary task, while carrying a glass of water in their dominant hand (motor task), and while reciting alphabet [cognitive task (CT)]. Gait velocity, cadence, step length, and stride length were calculated. With no secondary task individuals with MCI as compared with the healthy older adults walked slower (P 0.001) and with shorter step and stride length. When a secondary task was added, gait performance of the individuals with MCI deteriorated even more. The largest decline in gait was seen during the performance of the CT as compared with motor task (P 0.001). The outcome provides a basis for future studies of the effect of the secondary motor task and CT in the identification of MCI as well as in planning rehabilitation interventions.

Epigenetic alterations are posttranslational modifications of the DNA-associated histones as well as the modifications of the DNA. The DNA is epigenetically altered by methylation of the cytosine residues in the CpG islands while the histone proteins are modified by introduction of acetyl, methyl, phosphoryl, and ubiquityl functional groups. Epigenetic alterations regulate a wide array of genetic processes like gene expression, imprinting, DNA rearrangement, cancer development, pathogenesis, etc. A large number of viruses like HIV, SV40, Epstein-Barr virus, and influenza virus cause epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation in the host genome to modify the cellular processes of the host as well as to circumvent the host immune responses like inflammation for their survival. The chapter deals with the various epigenetic modifications caused by DNA and RNA viruses as well as their roles in pathogenesis. The chapter also describes how epigenetic alterations can be used as a target to evade viral infection.

Radiation exposure in utero is known to lead to serious concerns to both the mother and children, including developmental anomalies in the children. In the recent past, trichostatin A, an HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitor and epigenetic modifier, has been shown to mitigate radiation-induced anomalies in the male reproductive system of C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the mitigating effects of trichostatin A (TSA) against radiation-induced developmental anomalies in mice. Foetuses of in utero whole-body gamma-irradiated mice during the active organogenesis period were examined for developmental anomalies at 8.5 and 18.5 days of gestation. In utero radiation exposure caused developmental anomalies like microcephaly, microphthalmia, gastroschisis and kinky tail besides prenatal mortality. TSA administration post-irradiation was observed to reduce 50% of prenatal mortality at E18.5 by reducing congenital and developmental anomalies. Observation of such results could be corroborated with the HDAC inhibitory potential of TSA knowing that developmental anomalies may have epigenetic origin. TSA, therefore, can be considered as a potential radiomitigator.

Postural instability and balance dysfunction have been identified in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Performing a secondary task while standing can additionally jeopardize their balance. The purpose of the exploratory study was to investigate the individual and combined effects of a cognitive task, light finger touch and vision on postural sway in older adults with MCI as compared to healthy older adults. Five individuals with MCI and ten age-matched control subjects stood on the force platform with and without the performance of a cognitive task (counting backward from a randomly chosen three-digit number), with and without light finger touch contact applied to an external stable structure, and with eyes open or closed. The center of pressure (COP) excursion, range, velocity in antero-posterior and medial–lateral directions and sway area were calculated. Participants demonstrated significantly larger postural sway when vision was not available (p

Background: Empathy plays an important role in healthy dentist and patient relationship. Hence, the aim of the study is to (a) to measure the self‑reported empathy levels among dental undergraduate and postgraduate students. (b) To review the trend of changes in empathy level with experience, age, and gender among dental undergraduate and postgraduate students. Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional, questionnaire‑based study was carried out in two private dental institutions situated in Sri Ganganagar, India, with a sample size of 978. Data were obtained from the 1st to final year (BDS), interns, and postgraduate students from January to March 2015. An empathy level of students was assessed by the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy – Health Profession Students Version Questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis using Kaiser’s criteria was undertaken to appraise the construct validity and dimensionality. Based on the results of the factor analysis, three factors were selected; labeled as “perspective taking,” “compassionate care,” and “standing in patient’s shoes.” Results: The majority of the students was female in a equivalent ratio of 1338:618. There were significant differences in empathy scores by gender and age ( P < 0.01). The lowest and highest mean empathy scores were found in postgraduate (mean = 108.77, standard deviation [SD] =9.12) and 1st year (mean = 117.23, SD = 14.19) dental students, respectively. Conclusion: Dental educators should consider the likely decline in empathy among students as early as possible and adopt communication teaching strategies to promote the development of empathy and reduce the risk of further decline. Key Words: Dental education, dentist, empathy, sympathy

Introduction: According to the World Health Organisation survey, 2004, opioid is one of the most common forms of drug used by drug abusers in India. The total number of registered opium abusers in India is estimated to be 1.4 million. The state in India with the maximum consumption of opium is seen in Punjab and Rajasthan when compared to the other states. Aim: To assess the oral health status and related practices of opium drug users in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 577 institutionalised adult male, drug addicts from across Rajasthan and Punjab. Comparison was made with duration of addiction to investigate any differences in oral health status. A standardised, pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect data on tooth brushing and its frequency, duration of drug abuse and oral complication like dry mouth, burning mouth, taste impairment and eating difficulty along with clinical examination to record Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and Decayed Missing Filled Surface (DMFS) index. The statistical significant analysis was done by t-test, Chi-square and level of significance was set at p

Introduction: The concepts about dental caries and periodontal diseases are learned at dental schools may directly influence the conduct of the future dentists regarding the control and treatment of these diseases. Aim: To assess the variation in the understanding of the concepts of dental caries and periodontal diseases among first to final year undergraduate dental students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 400 students pursuing their graduation in a private dental college situated in Sri Ganganagar city, Rajasthan, India. Descriptive analysis was done, and Chi-square test with a significance level of 5% was done to compare the frequency based data. Results: For concepts related to dental caries, the 1 st year students' response showed shift toward biological concept, which was also present for the 2 nd year but the 3 rd year onwards the majority of students cited the comprehensive multi-factorial concept ( P = 0.0002). Final year students were more knowledgeable than the 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd year students regarding gingival bleeding, swelling, redness, and bad breath being the most important signs of periodontal disease ( P = 0.004). Conclusion: Significant variation in the school of thoughts and limited knowledge regarding the concepts of common dental diseases among dental undergraduate students is seen. There might be a need to reform the initial concept building methods utilized in dental institutions to improve the basic knowledge of undergraduate students of the common dental diseases.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the individual and combined effects of applying light finger touch and performing a cognitive task on postural sway. Fourteen healthy young individuals stood on the force platform with light finger touch contact applied to an external stable structure and without finger touch. Both tasks were performed with and without a cognitive task (counting backward from a randomly chosen three-digit number). The center of pressure excursion and velocity as well as sway area were calculated. Participants demonstrated significantly smaller postural sway in the presence of a finger touch contact (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a presença de associação entre a avaliação objetiva e subjetiva da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes e seu impacto na autoestima. Métodos: Estudo transversal com adolescentes de 10 a 17 anos da cidade de Sri Ganganagar, Rajastão, Índia. Foi utilizado o Índice de Ortodontia de Saúde Dental (IOTN) para avaliar de modo objetivo a necessidade de tratamento (DHC) e o componente estético desse índice (AC) para a avaliação subjetiva. Os estudantes selecionados foram também avaliados quanto a traumatismos dentários, perda dentária e cárie dentária. Aplicou-se a escala de autoestima de Rosenberg para determinar o nível de autoestima dos estudantes. Os dados foram analisados por regressão linear múltipla, testando a associação individual das diferentes variáveis clínicas independentemente da autoestima dos adolescentes, de acordo com o escore da escala de Rosenberg. Resultados: Entre 1.140 adolescentes estudados, a prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico avaliado de modo objetivo pelo IOTN-DHC ocorreu em 56,9% dos indivíduos. A avaliação subjetiva do adolescente (IOTN-AC) revelou prevalência de necessidade de tratamento de 53,3%. A análise multivariada mostrou que, além de todos os problemas dentários, o componente objetivo (IOTN-DHC), seguido do componente estético subjetivo (IOTN-AC), teve maior impacto na autoestima dos estudantes analisados. Conclusões: A insatisfação com a aparência dental é um forte preditor de baixa autoestima na adolescência. ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the presence of association between objective and subjective evaluation of orthodontic treatment needs in adolescents and their impact on their self-esteem. Methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescents aged 10-17 years old in Sri Ganganagar city, Rajasthan, India. The objective index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) dental health component (DHC) and the subjective aesthetic component (AC) were used to determine the normative and the self-perception need for orthodontic treatment, respectively. The selected students were further examined for dental trauma, tooth loss, and dental caries. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was applied for self-esteem level determination. Linear regression analysis was executed to test the individual association of different independent clinical variables with self-esteem scores. Results: Among 1,140 studied adolescents, the prevalence of dental normative orthodontic treatment need was in 56.9% of individuals, whereas 53.3% of individuals considered themselves as needy for the treatment. Multivariate analyses revealed that out of all dental disorders, DHC followed by AC of IOTN had maximum impact on the self-esteem of the adolescence. Conclusions: Dissatisfaction with dental appearance is a strong predictor for low self-esteem in adolescence.

A social networking provides a interface where users can share, connect, interact and build social relations with other users. Communities in a social network are virtual groups where people with common interests and activities like to communicate. Increasing number of social network and users has proportionally increased demand of communities. Profile attribute based communities have a major drawback as they consider only similarity of attribute values among community user not on their interest and social activities. Hence, a new approach to detect community on the basis of common interest, social activities and interaction among users is being proposed. In this approach a new parameter Common Social Activity (CSA) is derived and used along with other activity parameter to find community for a selected seed user. Activity parameters are given as input to k-means algorithm, which results to groups of user referred as community. These communities reflect groups of users having active social relationship and common interest which is also helpful for updates and marketing of new products and technology.

We show that n integers in {0, 1, …, m-1} can be sorted into a linked list in constant time using nlogm processors on the Priority CRCW PRAM model, and they can be sorted into a linked list in O(loglogm/logt) time using nt processors on the Priority CRCW PRAM model.

Gait of people with unilateral stroke is characterized by pronounced asymmetry. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cognitive and motor tasks on asymmetry of gait in people with stroke.Nine individuals with stroke walked over the GAITRite walkway while performing motor (holding a cup with water) or cognitive (reciting the alphabet) tasks or walked with no additional task. Gait velocity, cadence, and symmetry indexes for the stance phase, swing phase, and single support phase of a gait cycle were calculated.The motor and cognitive tasks negatively affected gait velocity (P.05) and cadence (P.05). Walking and performing additional tasks resulted in the increase of the asymmetry of gait. The cognitive task had a greater effect on gait asymmetry than the motor task.The study outcome revealed that gait of individuals with stroke could be affected by simultaneous performance of additional tasks. The outcome provides a basis for future investigation of the ways of improving symmetry of gait in people with stroke.

Introduction Self esteem is more of a psychological concept therefore, even the common dental disorders like dental trauma, tooth loss and untreated carious lesions may affect the self esteem thus influencing the quality of life. Aim This study aims to assess the impact of dental disorders among the adolescents on their self esteem level. Materials and methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 10 to 17 years adolescents. In order to obtain a representative sample, multistage sampling technique was used and sample was selected based on Probability Proportional to Enrolment size (PPE). Oral health assessment was carried out using WHO type III examination and self esteem was estimated using the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale score (RSES). The descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was done by using IBM SPSS software. Logistic and linear regression analysis was executed to test the individual association of different independent clinical variables with self esteem. Results Total sample of 1140 adolescents with mean age of 14.95 ±2.08 and RSES of 27.09 ±3.12 were considered. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was applied and best predictors in relation to RSES in the descending order were Dental Health Component (DHC), Aesthetic Component (AC), dental decay {(aesthetic zone), (masticatory zone)}, tooth loss {(aesthetic zone), (masticatory zone)} and anterior fracture of tooth. Conclusion It was found that various dental disorders like malocclusion, anterior traumatic tooth, tooth loss and untreated decay causes a profound impact on aesthetics and psychosocial behaviour of adolescents, thus affecting their self esteem.

To investigate the presence of association between objective and subjective evaluation of orthodontic treatment needs in adolescents and their impact on their self-esteem.Cross-sectional study with adolescents aged 10-17 years old in Sri Ganganagar city, Rajasthan, India. The objective index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) dental health component (DHC) and the subjective aesthetic component (AC) were used to determine the normative and the self-perception need for orthodontic treatment, respectively. The selected students were further examined for dental trauma, tooth loss, and dental caries. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was applied for self-esteem level determination. Linear regression analysis was executed to test the individual association of different independent clinical variables with self-esteem scores.Among 1,140 studied adolescents, the prevalence of dental normative orthodontic treatment need was in 56.9% of individuals, whereas 53.3% of individuals considered themselves as needy for the treatment. Multivariate analyses revealed that out of all dental disorders, DHC followed by AC of IOTN had maximum impact on the self-esteem of the adolescence.Dissatisfaction with dental appearance is a strong predictor for low self-esteem in adolescence.Verificar a presença de associação entre a avaliação objetiva e subjetiva da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes e seu impacto na autoestima.Estudo transversal com adolescentes de 10 a 17 anos da cidade de Sri Ganganagar, Rajastão, Índia. Foi utilizado o Índice de Ortodontia de Saúde Dental (IOTN) para avaliar de modo objetivo a necessidade de tratamento (DHC) e o componente estético desse índice (AC) para a avaliação subjetiva. Os estudantes selecionados foram também avaliados quanto a traumatismos dentários, perda dentária e cárie dentária. Aplicou-se a escala de autoestima de Rosenberg para determinar o nível de autoestima dos estudantes. Os dados foram analisados por regressão linear múltipla, testando a associação individual das diferentes variáveis clínicas independentemente da autoestima dos adolescentes, de acordo com o escore da escala de Rosenberg.Entre 1.140 adolescentes estudados, a prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico avaliado de modo objetivo pelo IOTN-DHC ocorreu em 56,9% dos indivíduos. A avaliação subjetiva do adolescente (IOTN-AC) revelou prevalência de necessidade de tratamento de 53,3%. A análise multivariada mostrou que, além de todos os problemas dentários, o componente objetivo (IOTN-DHC), seguido do componente estético subjetivo (IOTN-AC), teve maior impacto na autoestima dos estudantes analisados.A insatisfação com a aparência dental é um forte preditor de baixa autoestima na adolescência.

Supported lipid bilayers containing phosphatidylcholine headgroups are observed to undergo reorganization from a 2D fluid, lipid bilayer assembly into an array of complex 3D structures upon exposure to extreme pH environments. These conditions induce a combination of molecular packing and electrostatic interactions that can create dynamic morphologies of highly curved lipid membrane structures. This work demonstrates that fluid, single-component lipid bilayer assemblies can create complex morphologies, a phenomenon typically only associated with lipid bilayers of mixed composition.

Background: The gestation period presents unique stresses that challenges overall psychological adaptation of a women. The present study is designed especially to focus on evaluating the effect of perceived stress on pregnant women and its effect on their oral health.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 18-30 years old, pregnant women in the Sri Ganganagar city. Prior to the clinical examination a questionnaire was used in order to collect the information which comprised of three parts and were completed through an interview. The first part comprised of demographics questionnaire, second part included oral hygiene questionnaire and third part was perceived Stress Scale. Descriptive analysis described demographics and socioeconomic characteristics. Multivariate analysis was used to describe the association between stress and various characteristics. Chi-square and Kruskal-wallis test was used to study the association of independent variables with level of stress.Results: The high stress was reported among those females who were aged > 25 years (46.66%), living in rural areas (73.33%), were employed (57.77%), were in third trimester of pregnancy (96.66%) and had no previous pregnancy experience (67.77%). The mothers in high stress group had high levels of dental diseases when compared to the other two groups (low and moderate stress).Conclusions: Based on the results, this study emphasizes on the need for a continued effort to improve the mental and oral health status of gravid women so as to reduce the incidences of psychological and physical troubles in this population predicted.

Understanding the interactions of nanoparticles with lipid membranes is crucial in establishing the mechanisms that govern assembly of membrane-based nanocomposites, nanotoxicology, and biomimetic inspired self-assembly. In this study, we explore binding of charged nanoparticles to lipid bilayers, both as liposomes and substrate supported assemblies. We find that the presence of a solid-support, regardless of curvature, eliminates the ability of zwitterionic fluid phase lipids to bind charged nanoparticles.