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A 91-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes presented at the emergency ward subconscious with lower abdominal swelling. Evaluation revealed dehydration and hyperglycaemia, and abdominal x-ray showed an air space surrounding a severely swollen bladder. After excluding enterovesical fistulae, the patient was diagnosed with emphysematous cystitis. Treatment for urinary retention, antibiotic treatment and control of the diabetes mellitus resulted in a rapid recovery. A second patient, a 65-year-old woman with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections and urolithiasis, presented with irritative urinary symptoms and pain in the lower abdomen. Explicit inquiry revealed that she also had intermittent pneumaturia. Urethrocystoscopy revealed submucosal bullae, which are a hallmark of emphysematous cystitis. The patient was given intravenous antibiotic therapy. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for emphysematous cystitis. The disorder is treated by draining the bladder with an indwelling catheter and intravenous antibiotic therapy, selected according to the urine culture results. In general, orally administered antibiotics are insufficient.

In this study we tested the reliability of the new Agar Micro-biopsy technique through FNA, which were taken from 40 ex vivo kidneytumors. In 98% the new AM-biopsy technique was concordant with the classifying histological diagnosis of the kidneytumors.