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A study seeking to understand, how individuals narrate their alcohol issues. We aim to identify the stories that individuals tell and broader sets of shared narratives available within a culture.

INTRODUCTION: A tightening of the lingual frenulum may cause breastfeeding difficulties. Surgical release of the restricted frenulum is accomplished by a frenotomy. Between 2015 and 2019, frenotomy procedures in Danish primary healthcare doubled. Causality has not previously been established. The primary aim of this study was to investigate infant/maternal symptom relief and parent satisfaction following frenotomy and discuss potential causes for the increasing frenotomy frequency in Danish infants.METHODS: Between April 2019 and April 2020, 230 breastfed infants less-than 12 months had a frenotomy performed in three private ENT clinics. Parents of 163 infants participated in a phone interview.RESULTS: A moderate to high degree of symptom relief was reported in 138 (85%) infants and 127 (78%) mothers. If more than one preoperative symptom was reported, post-operative infant/maternal symptom relief increased significantly, and maternal symptom alleviation occurred more quickly. Also, infant and maternal symptom relief increased significantly when "infant breastfeeding difficulty" or "maternal nibble/breast pain during breastfeeding" was reported preoperatively. Most parents (95%) would have a frenotomy performed on their child again under similar circumstances.CONCLUSIONS: Most parents reported a moderate to high degree of infant and maternal symptom relief following frenotomy. Parent satisfaction was compelling. A uniform assessment tool may sharpen diagnostic criteria and eventually stabilise the frenotomy frequency in Danish infants.FUNDING: none.TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.

H-bonds are known to play an important role in the folding of proteins into three-dimensional structures, which in turn determine their diverse functions. The conformations around H-bonds are important, in that they can be non-local along the backbone and are therefore not captured by the methods such as Ramachandran plots. We study the relationship between the geometry of H-bonds in proteins, expressed as a spatial rotation between the two bonded peptide units, and their topology, expressed as a subgraph of the protein fatgraph. We describe two experiments to predict H-bond rotations from their corresponding subgraphs. The first method is based on sequence alignment between sequences of the signed lengths of H-bonds measured along the backbone. The second method is based on finding an exact match between the descriptions of subgraphs around H-bonds. We find that 88.14% of the predictions lie inside the ball, centred around the true rotation, occupying just 1% of the volume of the rotation space SO(3)., 24 pages, 15 figures

An effective model for protein structures is important for the study of protein geometry, which, to a large extent, determine the functions of proteins. There are a number of approaches for modelling; one might focus on the conformation of the backbone or H-bonds, and the model may be based on the geometry or the topology of the structure in focus. We focus on the topology of H-bonds in proteins, and explore the link between the topology and the geometry of protein structures. More specifically, we take inspiration from CASP Evaluation of Model Accuracy and investigate the extent to which structural similarities, via GDT_TS, can be estimated from the topology of H-bonds. We report on two experiments; one where we attempt to mimic the computation of GDT_TS based solely on the topology of H-bonds, and the other where we perform linear regression where the independent variables are various scores computed from the topology of H-bonds. We achieved an average $\Delta\text{GDT}$ of 6.45 with 54.5% of predictions inside 2 $\Delta\mathrm{GDT}$ for the first method, and an average $\Delta\mathrm{GDT}$ of 4.41 with 72.7% of predictions inside 2 $\Delta\mathrm{GDT}$ for the second method., Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures

We implement extraction of Coq programs to functional languages based on MetaCoq's certified erasure. We extend the MetaCoq erasure output language with typing information and use it as an intermediate representation, which we call $\lambda^T_\square$. We complement the extraction functionality with a full pipeline that includes several standard transformations (eta-expansion, inlining, etc) implemented in a proof-generating manner along with a verified optimisation pass removing unused arguments. We prove the pass correct wrt. a conventional call-by-value operational semantics of functional languages. From the optimised $\lambda^T_\square$ representation, we obtain code in two functional smart contract languages (Liquidity and CameLIGO), the functional language Elm, and a subset of the multi-paradigm language for systems programming Rust. Rust is currently gaining popularity as a language for smart contracts, and we demonstrate how our extraction can be used to extract smart contract code for the Concordium network. The development is done in the context of the ConCert framework that enables smart contract verification. We contribute with two verified real-world smart contracts (boardroom voting and escrow), which we use, among other examples, to exemplify the applicability of the pipeline. In addition, we develop a verified web application and extract it to fully functional Elm code. In total, this gives us a way to write dependently typed programs in Coq, verify, and then extract them to several target languages while retaining a small trusted computing base of only MetaCoq and the pretty-printers into these languages.

Et interview med Søren Sveistrup af Jakob Isak Nielsen og Andreas Halskov om hans arbejde på Kastanjemanden (Netflix, 2020-). Manchet: I oktober 2020 mødte 16:9 Søren Sveistrup til en samtale om tilblivelsen af Kastanjemanden baseret på Sveistrups roman af samme navn. Serien udspringer af den skandinaviske krimitradition og den Nordic Noir-bølge, som Sveistrup selv var med til at popularisere med Forbrydelsen (DR, 2007-2012), men dens audiovisuelle signaturer og karaktergalleri angiver også en ny retning. Den lignede et trumfkort i en ny bølge af dansk seriefiktion konceptueret med et dobbelt publikum for øje – det danske hjemmemarked såvel som Netflix’ store internationale publikum. En fortsættelse virkede indlysende, og vores plan var at udgive interviewet i forbindelse med en annoncering af sæson 2. I skrivende stund har Netflix – såvel som TV 2 og Viaplay – imidlertid sat danske fiktionsproduktioner i bero. Stridspunktet er en rettighedsaftale indgået mellem producentforeningen og rettighedsalliancen Create, der nu står til at skulle genforhandles. Det er en usædvanlig kritisk tid for den danske film- og tv-branche, der samtidig sår tvivl om, hvilken plads i tv-historien, som Kastanjemanden kommer til at indtage. Mens alle holder vejret, så vil vi imidlertid ikke snyde jer læsere for et dybt dyk – med Sveistrup og os – ned i udviklingen af Kastanjemandens audiovisuelle stil, dens karaktergalleri samt fortælle- og genremæssige træk.

Artiklen omhandler betydningen af relationer mellem spillere i overgangen fra ungdoms- til seniorsport. Overgangen beskrives i litteraturen som den psykologisk og fysisk mest udfordrende i den elitære sportslige karriere. Da udvikling af atleter ikke sker i et socialt vakuum, og relationer er vigtige for udvikling af menneskelige og sportslige færdigheder, undersøges disse i henhold til overgangen. Interviewdeltagerne var en mentaltræner og fem unge spillere (n=6), der gennemgik overgangen. En tematisk analyse afslørede en række temaer, som anses som vigtige for deltagerne i overgangen fra ungdom til senior.

This paper presents a portable computer vision system, that is able to attract and detect live insects.More specically, the paper proposes detection and classication of species by recording images of livemoths captured by a light trap. A light trap with multiple illuminations and a camera was designed toattract and monitor live insects during twilight and night hours. A computer vision algorithm referred toas Moth Classication and Counting, based on deep learning analysis of the captured images then trackedand counted the number of insects and identied moth species. This paper presents the design and thealgorithm that were used to determine and identify the moth species. Observations over 48 nights resultedin the capture of more than 250,000 images with an average of 5,675 images per night. A customizedconvolutional neural network was trained on 864 labelled images of live moths, which were divided in toeight dierent species, achieving a high validation F1-score of 0.96. The algorithm measured an averageclassication and tracking F1-score of 0.83 and a tracking detection rate of 0.79. This result was based onan estimate of 83 individual moths observed during one night with insect activity in 122 minutes collecting6,000 images. Overall, the proposed computer vision system and algorithm showed promising results innondestructive and automatic monitoring of moths as well as classication of species. The system providesa cost-eective alternative to traditional methods, which require time-consuming manual identication andtypically provides coarse temporal solution to capturing data. In addition, the system avoids depletingmoth populations in the monitoring process, which is a problem in traditional traps that kill individualmoths. As image libraries grow and become more complete, the images captured by the trapping systemcan be processed automatically and allow users with limited experience to collect data on insect abundance,biomass, and diversity. This paper presents a portable computer vision system, that is able to attract and detect live insects. More specifically, the paper proposes detection and classification of species by recording images of live moths captured by a light trap. A light trap with multiple illuminations and a camera was designed to attract and monitor live insects during twilight and night hours. A computer vision algorithm referred to as Moth Classification and Counting, based on deep learning analysis of the captured images then tracked and counted the number of insects and identified moth species. This paper presents the design and the algorithm that were used to determine and identify the moth species. Observations over 48 nights resulted in the capture of more than 250,000 images with an average of 5,675 images per night. A customized convolutional neural network was trained on 864 labelled images of live moths, which were divided in to eight different species, achieving a high validation F1-score of 0.96. The algorithm measured an average classification and tracking F1-score of 0.83 and a tracking detection rate of 0.79. This result was based on an estimate of 83 individual moths observed during one night with insect activity in 122 minutes collecting 6,000 images. Overall, the proposed computer vision system and algorithm showed promising results in nondestructive and automatic monitoring of moths as well as classification of species. The system provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional methods, which require time-consuming manual identification and typically provides coarse temporal solution to capturing data. In addition, the system avoids depleting moth populations in the monitoring process, which is a problem in traditional traps that kill individual moths. As image libraries grow and become more complete, the images captured by the trapping system can be processed automatically and allow users with limited experience to collect data on insect abundance, biomass, and diversity.

Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0363546520960108 for Rate of Force Development Remains Reduced in the Knee Flexors 3 to 9 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Medial Hamstring Autografts: A Cross-Sectional Study by Jakob Lindberg Nielsen, Kamilla Arp, Mette Lysemose Villadsen, Stine Sommer Christensen and Per Aagaard in The American Journal of Sports Medicine

Hvad koster det virksomhederne, når transporten af varer forsinkes? Og i hvor høj grad indgår omkostningerne ved forsinkelser, når der regnes på de samfundsøkonomiske perspektiver ved nye infrastrukturprojekter? Dette har DI og Rambøll undersøgt ved hjælp af en række interviews med både transportvirksomheder og transporttunge virksomheder og en survey blandt handels-, fremstillings- samt bygge- og anlægsvirksomheder. De deltagende virksomheder er blevet spurgt om betydningen af transport og pålidelighed, omfanget og konsekvenserne af forsinkelser samt hvad de gør for at minimere risikoen for forsinkelser. Der er gennemført 36 dybdegående interviews og 670 virksomheder har deltaget i surveyen. Både interviews og surveyresultater viser, at der er stor forskel på, hvilke omkostninger der er forbundet med forsinkelser afhængigt af virksomheden og den konkrete transport. De fleste virksomheder har både indgående leverancer af råmaterialer, halvfabrikata og færdigvarer mv. og udgående leverancer til kunder. I surveyen er der sondret mellem ind- og udgående leverancer. Der er generelt ikke den store forskel på, hvor vigtigt det er for virksomhederne, at henholdsvis ind- og udgående leverancer ankommer som aftalt. Andelen er leverancer, der forsinkes på grund af trængsel, er også nogenlunde den samme for ind- og udgående leverancer. Der kan være forskel på, hvilke konsekvenser det har for virksomhederne, når leverancer forsinkes – afhængigt af om der er tale om ind- eller udgående leverancer. Når indgående leverancer forsinkes, kan det eksempelvis have konsekvenser for produktionen. I surveyen svarer mere end halvdelen af virksomhederne, at forsinkede indgående leverancer inden for det seneste år har medført produktionstilpasninger, og hos mere end hver tredje virksomhed har forsinkede indgående leverancer medført produktionsstop. Mere end to ud af tre virksomheder har det seneste år haft øget administrativt arbejde på grund af forsinkede indgående leverancer, mens knap to tredjedel har haft øgede logistikomkostninger. Det har også konsekvenser for virksomhederne, når udgående leverancer forsinkes. Hos tre ud af fire virksomheder har det ført til øget administrativt arbejde, og knap hver fjerde virksomhed er inden for det seneste år blevet mødt med et krav om betaling af bod på grund af forsinkede leverancer. Mange virksomheder arbejder målrettet for at minimere både risikoen for forsinkelser og konsekvenserne af eventuelle forsinkelser. Mere end en tredjedel af virksomhederne sender varerne af sted i god tid, og 25- 30 pct. har større sikkerhedslagre. Ca. 10 pct. af virksomhederne bestiller kørsel om natten, hvor der er mindre trængsel. Øgede administrative omkostninger, sikkerhedslagre og øgede produktionsomkostninger er eksempler på omkostninger, som ikke indgår i en klassisk samfundsøkonomisk beregning. I analysen har det ikke været muligt at estimere størrelsen på de forskellige ikke-inkluderede omkostninger. Når politikerne fremover skal træffe beslutninger om investeringer i trafikal infrastruktur, er det vigtigt, at det i beslutningsgrundlagene afspejles, hvad det reelt koster erhvervslivet, når transporter forsinkes. Der er således behov for, at der arbejdes videre med at kvantificere en række af de omkostninger, som i dag ikke indgår i samfundsøkonomiske analyser af nye infrastrukturprojekter., Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Vol. 24 No. 1 (2017): Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University

INTRODUCTION: In this study, self-reported physical function, functional capacity, and isolated muscle function were investigated in sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) patients.METHODS: The 36-item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey and 2-min walk test (2MWT), timed up & go test (TUG), and 30-s chair stand performance were evaluated. In addition, patients were tested for knee extensor muscle strength (isokinetic dynamometer) and leg extension power (Nottingham power rig).RESULTS: TUG performance was the strongest predictor of self-reported physical function (r 2 = 0.56, P < 0.05). Knee extension strength and between-limb strength asymmetry were the strongest multi-regression indicators of TUG performance (r 2 = 0.51, P < 0.05). Strength asymmetry showed the strongest single-factor (negative) association with 2MWT performance (r 2 = 0.49, P < 0.05). DISCUSSION: TUG assessment appears to sensitively predict self-perceived physical function in sIBM patients. Notably, between-limb asymmetry in lower limb muscle strength had a substantial negative impact on motor tasks involving gait function. Muscle Nerve 56: E50-E58, 2017.

Key points: Muscular contractions performed using a combination of low external loads and partial restriction of limb blood flow appear to induce substantial gains in muscle strength and muscle mass. This exercise regime may initially induce muscular stress and damage; however, the effects of a period of blood flow restricted training on these parameters remain largely unknown. The present study shows that short-term, high-frequency, low-load muscle training performed with partial blood flow restriction does not induce significant muscular damage. However, signs of myocellular stress and inflammation that were observed in the early phase of training and after the training intervention, respectively, may be facilitating the previously reported gains in myogenic satellite cell content and muscle hypertrophy. The present results improve our current knowledge about the physiological effects of low-load muscular contractions performed under blood flow restriction and may provide important information of relevance for future therapeutic treatment of muscular atrophy. Abstract: Previous studies indicate that low-load muscle contractions performed under local blood flow restriction (BFR) may initially induce muscle damage and stress. However, whether these factors are evoked with longitudinal BFR training remains unexplored at the myocellular level. Two distinct study protocols were conducted, covering 3 weeks (3 wk) or one week (1 wk). Subjects performed BFR exercise (100 mmHg, 20% 1RM) to concentric failure (BFRE) (3 wk/1 wk), while controls performed work-matched (LLE) (3 wk) or high-load (HLE; 70% 1RM) (1 wk) free-flow exercise. Muscle biopsies (3 wk) were obtained at baseline (Pre), 8 days into the intervention (Mid8), and 3 and 10 days after training cessation (Post3, Post10) to examine macrophage (M1/M2) content as well as heat shock protein (HSP27/70) and tenascin-C expression. Blood samples (1 wk) were collected before and after (0.1–24 h) the first and last training session to examine markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase), oxidative stress (total antibody capacity, glutathione) and inflammation (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor α). M1-macrophage content increased 108–165% with BFRE and LLE at Post3 (P

As the demand for moulds and other tools becomes increasingly specific and complex, an additive manufacturing approach to production is making its way to the industry through laser based consolidation of metal powder particles by a method known as powder bed fusion. This paper concerns a variety of design choices facilitating the development of an experimental powder bed fusion machine tool, capable of manufacturing metal parts with strength matching that of conventional manufactured parts and a complexity surpassing that of subtractive processes. To understand the different mechanisms acting within such an experimental machine tool, a fully open and customizable rig is constructed. Emphasizing modularity in the rig, allows alternation of lasers, scanner systems, optical elements, powder deposition, layer height, temperature, atmosphere, and powder type. Through a custom-made software platform, control of the process is achieved, which extends into a graphical user interface, easing adjustment of process parameters and the job file generation.

According to former Head of Drama at DR, Ingolf Gabold, one of the “great” and “strange” secrets subtending the success of DR’s TV series is the extremely deliberate work with audiovisual style (Gabold in Nielsen 2012). Here - as elsewhere - Gabold highlights the so-called “paramount-meeting” and the production dogma referred to as “crossover” initiated by his predecessor Rumle Hammerich (Nordstrøm 2004, Nielsen 2004, Redvall 2011). He also emphasizes that a prime reason was strategic – i.e. using deliberate stylistic schemes as a strategy for ‘festival recognition’ which in turn would attract the attention of foreign co-funding partners (Gabold in Nielsen 2012). However, there are more facets to and opinions about this complex development. Current Head of Drama, Piv Bernth, assigns much less significance to the paramount meeting (Bernth 2012) and Anders Refn has argued that certain paradigmatic shifts already took place with Een gang strømer (1987) (Refn in Nielsen 2006). Combining various methods (audiovisual analysis, media systemic analysis [see Hallin & Mancini, Vestergaard 2007] and interview-driven production studies [see Frandsen 2007, Caldwell 2008] that hone in on this particular aspect of DR’s productions by interviewing both management and creative personnel) this paper will discuss the causal mechanisms that subtend the development of audiovisual style in DR series from Gøngehøvdingen to 1864 and will conclude with reflections on the role of DR-series’ style in the age of streaming.

Jakob Nielsen, Karsten Fogh Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Background: The management of chronic wounds is a significant medical burden associated with large health care expenditures. Since the establishment of moist wound healing in the 1960s, several types of wound dressings have been developed. However, the evidence for effectiveness when comparing various types of wound dressings is limited. Objectives: The purpose of this review is 1) to provide a general description of the role of foam in wound therapy and 2) to evaluate the evidence for effectiveness of foam dressings compared to other frequently used products. Summary and conclusion: Foam has a significant role in the clinical management of chronic wounds and in moist wound healing. There are only a few randomized controlled trials, which in general, show no significant difference in the healing effect of different dressing types. The choice of wound dressing should therefore be based on clinical evaluation of the wound and the periwound skin. Keywords: foam dressing, chronic wounds, comparative effectiveness, healing, periwound skin, ulcers&nbsp

Dette interludie omhandler det amerikanske tv-drama på de såkaldte broadcastnetværk som NBC, CBS, ABC, Fox og The CW. Interludiet skitserer en forhistorie og diskuterer efterfølgende broadcastseriernes rolle i det nye tv-landskab.

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The development of protease inhibitors for pharmacologicalintervention has taken a new turn with the use of peptidebasedinhibitors. Here, we report the rational design of bicyclicpeptide inhibitors of the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogenactivator (uPA), based on the established monocyclicpeptide, upain-2. It was successfully converted to a bicyclicpeptide, without loss of inhibitory properties. The aim was toproduce a peptide cyclised by an amide bond with an additionalstabilising across-the-ring covalent bond. We expectedthis bicyclic peptide to exhibit a lower entropic burden uponbinding. Two bicyclic peptides were synthesised with affinitiessimilar to that of upain-2, and their binding energetics wereevaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry. Indeed, comparedto upain-2, the bicyclic peptides showed reduced loss ofentropy upon binding to uPA. We also investigated the solutionstructures of the bicyclic peptide by NMR spectroscopy tomap possible conformations. An X-ray structure of the bicyclicpeptide–uPA complex confirmed an interaction similar to thatfor the previous upain-1/upain-2–uPA complexes. These physicalstudies of the peptide–protease interactions will aid futuredesigns of bicyclic peptide protease inhibitors The development of protease inhibitors for pharmacological intervention has taken a new turn with the use of peptide-based inhibitors. Here, we report the rational design of bicyclic peptide inhibitors of the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), based on the established monocyclic peptide, upain-2. It was successfully converted to a bicyclic peptide, without loss of inhibitory properties. The aim was to produce a peptide cyclised by an amide bond with an additional stabilising across-the-ring covalent bond. We expected this bicyclic peptide to exhibit a lower entropic burden upon binding. Two bicyclic peptides were synthesised with affinities similar to that of upain-2, and their binding energetics were evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry. Indeed, compared to upain-2, the bicyclic peptides showed reduced loss of entropy upon binding to uPA. We also investigated the solution structures of the bicyclic peptide by NMR spectroscopy to map possible conformations. An X-ray structure of the bicyclic-peptide-uPA complex confirmed an interaction similar to that for the previous upain-1/upain-2-uPA complexes. These physical studies of the peptide-protease interactions will aid future designs of bicyclic peptide protease inhibitors.

On 27 June 1906, James wrote to his literary agent, James B. Pinker, that he had found the right image for illustrating the first volume of his New York Edition: the ”very good & right (beautifully done) photographic portrait” by Coburn (Horne A Life in Letters 435). Coburn shot three profile portraits from which James selected the smallest as the one best suited for his purpose. James also offered directions to Coburn on how to crop the chosen photograph for the desired effect, suggesting th...

As an American author who chose to live in Europe, Henry James frequently wrote about cultural differences between the Old and New World. The plight of bewildered Americans adrift on a sea of European sophistication became a regular theme in his fiction. This collection of twenty-four papers from some of the world’s leading James scholars offers a comprehensive picture of the author’s cross-cultural aesthetics. It provides detailed analyses of James’s perception of Europe—of its people and places, its history and culture, its artists and thinkers, its aesthetics and its ethics—which ultimately lead to a profound reevaluation of his writing. With in-depth analysis of his works of fiction, his autobiographical and personal writings, and his critical works, the collection is a major contribution to current thinking about James, transtextuality and cultural appropriation.