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Improving the quality of Early Childhood Education students training in the current situation of human resources both redundant and lacking is necessary. The article aims to study the required competency framework of Early Childhood Education teachers in Southeast Asia, including Knowledge of teaching content, pedagogical practice and assessment; Learning environment; Participation and cooperation; Professional development. The article proposes 6 solutions to improve the quality of Early Childhood Education students through 21 competencies of "Knowledge of teaching content, pedagogical practice and assessment" and 25 competencies of “Learning environment" to contribute to the implementation of the new general education program and to build high quality human resources to serve the country.

International audience; Based on firm-level data from 39 countries, over a nine-year period, this study analyzes whether financial reporting quality and CSR disclosure are related to each other in improving the quality of corporate information. The findings show that firms disclosing a greater amount of CSR information have a lower degree of information asymmetry (bid-ask spread). This relationship is less pronounced in firms with high financial reporting quality. It suggests a substitution association between financial reporting and CSR disclosure in reducing information asymmetry. Financial transparency is therefore an important factor to explain the informativeness of CSRD. With a high financial transparency, CSRD provides less incremental information content to the investors. However, the robustness tests show that CSRD decreases the quality of financial analysts’ forecasts. This seemingly contradictory result might be explained by firms engaging in differentiated information disclosure to cope with contradictory social and institutional pressures (investors versus financial analysts).

À l’Université de Hanoï, plusieurs étudiants de FLV2 peinent à rédiger des textes argumentatifs en français. Plusieurs facteurs peuvent influer sur ce problème d’apprentissage, entre autres, la difficulté à autoréguler l’apprentissage de la rédaction. La thèse vise à répondre à la question : « Comment les étudiants vietnamiens de FLV2 autorégulent-ils leur apprentissage de la rédaction de textes argumentatifs ? ». En lien avec cette question de recherche, aucune recherche n’a été réalisée dans le contexte vietnamien. Pour traiter de cette question, l’étude s’appuie sur le modèle d’apprentissage autorégulé de la rédaction de Zimmerman et Risemberg (1997) et poursuit deux objectifs: 1) décrire les stratégies d’autorégulation de la rédaction de textes argumentatifs perçues par les étudiants de FLV2 au début du cours ; 2) décrire la manière dont les stratégies d’autorégulation sont contextualisées aux tâches de rédaction de textes argumentatifs en FLV2. Une étude de cas à multiples niveaux d’analyse qualitative est réalisée (Yin, 2018). Ce choix méthodologique permet de répondre aux deux objectifs de nature descriptive de la recherche. La présente étude se déroule dans le contexte naturel d’un cours de rédaction de textes argumentatifs destiné aux étudiants de FLV2. Quatre tâches rédactionnelles, un questionnaire sur la perception de stratégies d’autorégulation, des journaux de bord de l’enseignante et des étudiantes, des entrevues et des textes de ces dernières permettent de colliger les données. Par ailleurs, le contexte exceptionnel de la pandémie montre la possibilité d’une adaptation méthodologique avec la modalité de recherche à distance. Les résultats montrent que les stratégies d’autorégulation sont contextualisées d’une part en fonction des particularités et des contraintes de chaque tâche. D’autre part, elles sont différemment contextualisées selon chaque portrait d’étudiants en autorégulation, selon leurs problèmes et leurs attentes. Les stratégies d’autorégulation contextualisées permettent probablement de répondre aux exigences des tâches rédactionnelles, mais elles sont loin d’être le facteur décidant, car d’autres facteurs contextuels et personnels peuvent également intervenir dans leur processus d’apprentissage de la rédaction., In Hanoi University, many students of the FSL struggle to write argumentative texts in French. Several factors may influence this writing problem, among other things, the issue of self-regulation of their writing learning. This research aims to answer the following question: How do Vietnamese FSL students self-regulate their argumentative writing learning? In relation to this question, no research has been conducted in the Vietnamese context. To fulfil this research aim, this study applies Zimmerman and Risemberg’s model of self-regulated writing learning (1997) and two specific objectives are set up: 1) describing the self-regulated strategies of argumentative texts writing learning as perceived by French second language students at the beginning of the course; 2) describing how self-regulated strategies are contextualized to the argumentative text writing tasks in FSL. To this end, a case study with multiple levels of qualitative analysis is conducted (Yin, 2018). This methodological choice allows to answer two descriptive research objectives. The study is performed in the natural context of an argumentative writing course addressing to FSL students. Four writing tasks, a questionnaire on self-regulatory strategies, teacher and student logs, interviews, and students’ texts are used to collate the data. Furthermore, the exceptional context of the pandemic shows the possibility of methodological adaptation with the online research modality. The results show that the self-regulatory strategies are contextualized on the one side according to the particularities and the restrictions of each task. On the other side, they are contextualized differently according to each student portrait in self-regulation, to their problems and their expectations. Contextualized self-regulation strategies probably help to fulfil the requirements of the writing task, but they are far from being the deciding factor, because other contextual and personal factors may also intervene in their writing learning process.

This paper reports high school teachers’ attitudes toward English as a lingua franca (ELF) and their classroom EFL teaching practices in a province in Vietnam. This mixed-methods study involved 109 high school teachers from 11 high schools in answering the questionnaires, and 22 of them were invited for semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated that high school teachers had positive attitudes toward ELF in three attitude components, including cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitudes. Additionally, they integrated activities for the promotion of ELF to their students in relation to eight sub-variables from cultural knowledge, vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar to four language skills of students. Although facing difficulties in designing activities for ELF promotion, high school teachers still tried their best to introduce the existence of ELF and help their students accessible to the use of ELF in language learning. This study featured some limitations, but it can be of reference for the research context and other similar ones.

In response to the long-term challenges of skills shortages and mismatches, many countries worldwide have made significant investments in STEM education. However, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the progress of global research on the implementation of STEM education, it is essential to compile case studies on STEM education. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of 750 publications from Scopus database to assess the bibliographic content of case studies on STEM education from 2006 to 2022. Our main findings show that the first case study on STEM education dates back to 2006, and research in this direction has grown enormously and continuously over the last five years (counting for 72.9%). The most influential articles in the field are cited mainly in the background citations section and help provide an initial perspective for readers to understand the insights discussed later in the study. The most popular journals publishing case studies in STEM education are of good quality, ranking highly in Scopus and Web of Science categories. The analysis results show three main research directions: STEM education in higher education, STEM education expands to STEAM, and STEM education activities in K12-education.

Additional file 1. Supplementary figures.

Studies show that many autistic adults are less likely to live independently regardless of their abilities. This paper summarizes insights into the role of the built environment in the independent living of autistic people. Existing architectural research concerning autism has focused predominantly on the built environment. By contrast, our research focuses on autistics’ lived experience. The role of the built environment in autistic people’s independent living plays at different scales: from a location over the spatial organization to interior finishing and detailing. Additionally, the built environment’s design can facilitate or hamper independent living in various ways, not only through sensory qualities but also through what it affords and what it means. Gli studi dimostrano che molti adulti autistici hanno meno probabilità di vivere in modo indipendente, a prescindere dalle loro capacità. Questo articolo riassume alcune note sul ruolo dell'ambiente costruito nella vita indipendente delle persone autistiche. La ricerca architettonica esistente sull'autismo si è concentrata prevalentemente sull'ambiente costruito. La nostra ricerca, invece, si concentra sull'esperienza vissuta dagli autistici. Il ruolo dell'ambiente costruito nella vita indipendente delle persone autistiche si svolge a diverse scale: dalla localizzazione all'organizzazione spaziale, fino alle finiture interne e ai dettagli. Inoltre, il design dell'ambiente costruito può facilitare o ostacolare la vita indipendente in vari modi, non solo attraverso le qualità sensoriali, ma anche attraverso ciò che offre e ciò che significa.

Additional File 1: Fig. S1. Ligand-stimulated real-time luciferase activities in HEK293 cells expressing different combinations of NanoBit constructs ofCXCR7 and β-arrestin2. Fig. S2. Ligand-stimulated real-time luciferase activities in HEK293 cells expressing different combinations of NanoBit constructs of β-arrestin2 with CXCR4 or CXCR3. Fig. S3. Receptor internalization assay using NanoBit constructs. (a) Cells expressing receptor-LgBiT and SmBiT-FYVE domain of EEA1 were treated with SDF-1α and the luciferase activities were measured in real-time. (b) Cells expressing receptor-SmBiT and LgBiT-CAAX sequence were used in the NanoBit assay. Fig. S4. Optimization of NanoBit construct combinations of Gb1 and GRKs. a and b showed luciferase activities in cells expressing different combinations of NanoBiT constructs. Fig. S5. Optimization of NanoBit construct combinations of receptor and GRK2. Fig. S6. Generation of cells lacking receptors using CRISPR system. (a) Genomic DNA PCR products from cells established with CRISPRCas9were cloned and sequenced. Red color designates guide RNA target regions. (b) RT-PCR products of either CXCR4 or CXCR7 were compared in wild-type and receptor KO HeLa cell clones. β-actin products were used as the control. (c) Membrane expression of exogenous receptors was not affected by deletion of CXCR4 or CXCR7. HiBiT constructs of the receptors were expressed in wild-type and receptor KO of HEK293 and HeLa cells, and the cells were applied to the HiBiT assay.

The dissertation includes four chapters. All chapters cover the overall topic: The consequences of corporate social responsibility disclosure. Chapter 1 introduces the motivation of thesis and summarizes an overview of the literature. Chapter 2 investigates the relationship between CSRD and CSR performance using Granger causality approach. Chapter 3 studies the impact of CSRD on financial performance under the moderation of corporate governance quality. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of CSRD to the level of information asymmetry with the presence of financial reporting quality. The main findings, contribution and discussion for future research are presented at the end of thesis., La thèse traite des conséquences de l’information portant sur la responsabilité sociale des entreprises. Après avoir expliqué l’intérêt de cette problématique et réalisé une revue de la littérature, nous analysons la relation susceptible d’exister entre l’information RSE et les performances RSE en utilisant l’approche de la causalité au sens de Granger. Ensuite, nous portons notre attention sur l’impact de l’information RSE sur les performances de l’entreprise en testant le caractère médiateur ou modérateur de la qualité du système de gouvernance. Pour terminer, nous étudions les effets de l’information RSE sur le niveau d’asymétrie d’information en lien avec la qualité de l’information financière. Les principaux résultats, la contribution de ce travail et les perspectives de recherche sont alors présentés en conclusion.

Liquid-vapor two-phase flows have common applications in many fields including space thermal management systems. The performances of such systems are entirely associated to the coupling between thermal and hydrodynamic phenomena. Therefore, two-phase flows in microgravity condition have emerged as an active research area in the last decades. In order to complete the state of the art and to contribute to the increase in the knowledge of hydrothermal behavior of two-phase thermal management systems, the present study was conducted on convective condensation inside a mini tube, both in normal and micro gravity conditions. To analyze the effect of gravity on such flows, a preliminary transient modeling of the two-phase flow has been established. Simultaneously, an experimental investigation was carried out on the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of condensation flows in two test sections of 3.4 mm inner diameter at low and intermediate mass velocities. The first experiment was conducted during the 62nd ESA parabolic flights campaign. The test section was made with copper and allowed measurements of the quasi-local heat transfer coefficient. A glass tube was also inserted in the middle of the test section for the visualization of the two-phase flow regime. From this study, the changes in heat transfer coefficient and flow regime according to gravity variations were determined. The second experiment was carried out on ground in a sapphire tube installed vertically considering downward flow. The set-up was designed in order to measure simultaneously the local heat transfer coefficient and the thickness of the liquid film falling down along the tube wall.; Les écoulements diphasiques sont couramment utilisés dans de nombreux domaines dont, en particulier, le domaine spatial. La performance de ces systèmes est entièrement régie par les couplages se produisant entre les écoulements et les transferts de chaleur. Cette particularité a conduit, depuis les dernières décennies, au développement de nombreuses études sur les écoulements diphasiques en microgravité. Afin d'accroître la connaissance sur le comportement thermo-hydraulique de ces systèmes thermiques, la présente étude se focalise sur l'étude de la condensation dans un mini-tube en présence ou non de la force gravitationnelle. Pour étudier l'effet de la gravité sur cette configuration, un premier modèle instationnaire d'écoulement diphasique a été développé. Parallèlement, une analyse des effets de la gravité sur l'hydrodynamique et les transferts thermique a été menée dans deux sections d'essai possédant un diamètre interne commun de 3,4 mm et des vitesses massiques faibles à modérées. La première étude a été réalisée au cours de la 62e campagne de vols paraboliques de l'ESA. Elle a été dédiée à la détermination des coefficients de transfert de chaleur quasi-locaux se produisant à l'intérieur d'un tube de cuivre. Afin de visualiser également les régimes d'écoulement présents, un tube en verre a été inséré au sein de cet échangeur. L'effet de la gravité sur les écoulements et les transferts a ainsi été déterminé. La seconde expérience, menée au sol, a porté sur l'étude d'un écoulement de vapeur descendant au sein d'un tube en saphir placé verticalement. Un protocole de mesure permettant d'obtenir simultanément l'épaisseur du film de liquide ruisselant et le coefficient d'échange local associé a été développé.

Liquid-vapor two-phase flows have common applications in many fields including space thermal management systems. The performances of such systems are entirely associated to the coupling between thermal and hydrodynamic phenomena. Therefore, two-phase flows in microgravity condition have emerged as an active research area in the last decades. In order to complete the state of the art and to contribute to the increase in the knowledge of hydrothermal behavior of two-phase thermal management systems, the present study was conducted on convective condensation inside a mini tube, both in normal and micro gravity conditions. To analyze the effect of gravity on such flows, a preliminary transient modeling of the two-phase flow has been established. Simultaneously, an experimental investigation was carried out on the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of condensation flows in two test sections of 3.4 mm inner diameter at low and intermediate mass velocities. The first experiment was conducted during the 62nd ESA parabolic flights campaign. The test section was made with copper and allowed measurements of the quasi-local heat transfer coefficient. A glass tube was also inserted in the middle of the test section for the visualization of the two-phase flow regime. From this study, the changes in heat transfer coefficient and flow regime according to gravity variations were determined. The second experiment was carried out on ground in a sapphire tube installed vertically considering downward flow. The set-up was designed in order to measure simultaneously the local heat transfer coefficient and the thickness of the liquid film falling down along the tube wall.; Les écoulements diphasiques sont couramment utilisés dans de nombreux domaines dont, en particulier, le domaine spatial. La performance de ces systèmes est entièrement régie par les couplages se produisant entre les écoulements et les transferts de chaleur. Cette particularité a conduit, depuis les dernières décennies, au développement de nombreuses études sur les écoulements diphasiques en microgravité. Afin d'accroître la connaissance sur le comportement thermo-hydraulique de ces systèmes thermiques, la présente étude se focalise sur l'étude de la condensation dans un mini-tube en présence ou non de la force gravitationnelle. Pour étudier l'effet de la gravité sur cette configuration, un premier modèle instationnaire d'écoulement diphasique a été développé. Parallèlement, une analyse des effets de la gravité sur l'hydrodynamique et les transferts thermique a été menée dans deux sections d'essai possédant un diamètre interne commun de 3,4 mm et des vitesses massiques faibles à modérées. La première étude a été réalisée au cours de la 62e campagne de vols paraboliques de l'ESA. Elle a été dédiée à la détermination des coefficients de transfert de chaleur quasi-locaux se produisant à l'intérieur d'un tube de cuivre. Afin de visualiser également les régimes d'écoulement présents, un tube en verre a été inséré au sein de cet échangeur. L'effet de la gravité sur les écoulements et les transferts a ainsi été déterminé. La seconde expérience, menée au sol, a porté sur l'étude d'un écoulement de vapeur descendant au sein d'un tube en saphir placé verticalement. Un protocole de mesure permettant d'obtenir simultanément l'épaisseur du film de liquide ruisselant et le coefficient d'échange local associé a été développé.

This study compared and assessed provincial family planning program operations in Viet Nam. Data were obtained from a standardized questionnaire among respondents and from 8 government officials. Data were collected for 15 provinces during October-December 1996 and compared to Thai Binh province. Comparison subgroups include policy and administrative support private sector involvement program operations evaluation and record-keeping and method availability. Findings indicate that the overall mean program score was 2.5 for other provinces and 3.6 for Thai Binh. The range was from 1.9 for Dac Lac to 3.1 for Dong Thap. Some provinces showed erratic performance. Programs scored highest on measures of policy and administrative support followed by freedom to advertise community-based distribution and postabortion contraception. Scores varied widely in outreach. Scores were low for private sector programs social marketing and use of incentives. Most women had a limited range of contraceptives to choose from. Northern provinces were more likely to score high on IUD and abortion availability. Southern provinces scored higher on availability of condoms and sterilization. Neither subgroup nor region impacted on program functioning. Internal program management is vital to improvements.