Search

The Chinese loess-paleosol sequences provide important archives for studying paleoenvironmental changes. However, the lack of independent and accurate time scales hinders the study between loess and other records. Asian stalagmite δ18O records indicate synchronous patterns of paleoprecipitation δ18O over large geographic regions. The record of hydrogen isotopic composition of plant wax (δDwax) in Chinese loess is also controlled by rainwater δD. Both share a common origin. The linear relationship between rainfall δ18O and δD variance provides the basis to tie together chronologies of the same climate event in different records. Here, we show a new loess chronology by correlating chronologies of marker boundaries of the prominent climate chronozones in stalagmite δ18O and summer insolation to the equivalent climate stratigraphy in the loess δDwax sequence. We first developed and tested this novel methodology with data since the last interglacial on a millennial scale, and then applied this approach to the loess δDwax sequence for the past 800 k.y. to improve the traditional chronology based on magnetic susceptibility and grain size. The new δDwax time series provides not only an improved chronology for studying paleoclimate changes during interglacial intervals, it also represents a unique database with which to better understand the links between the Asian monsoon changes in the Chinese loess and other global climate events, especially for the periods prior to 640 ka, for which stalagmite records are not available.

Radiocarbon dating and Bayesian chronological modelling have provided precise new dating for the henge monument of Mount Pleasant in Dorset, excavated in 1970–1. A total of 59 radiocarbon dates are now available for the site and modelling of these has provided a revised sequence for the henge enclosure and its various constituent parts: the timber palisaded enclosure, the Conquer Barrow, and the ditch surrounding Site IV, a concentric timber and stone monument. This suggests that the henge was probably built in the 26th century calbc, shortly followed by the timber palisade and Site IV ditch. These major construction events took place in the late Neolithic over a relatively short timespan, probably lasting 35–125 years. The principal results are discussed for each element of the site, including comparison with similar monument types elsewhere in Britain and Ireland, and wider implications for late Neolithic connections and later activity at the site associated with Beaker pottery are explored.

This study explores the full set of handwritten and printed materials associated with the 1869 publication of the first version of Dmitrii Mendeleev’s periodic system of elements: “An Attempt at a System of Elements Based on Their Atomic Weight and Chemical Affinity.” Using innovative historical research methods, the author has been able to refute the publication date traditionally associated with the first version of the periodic table, as well as to establish an accurate chronology of its subsequent publications. This task was made possible through the discovery of previously unknown handwritten materials in Mendeleev’s personal archive and the Russian State Historical Archive. This typographical analysis of the first publication of Mendeleev’s periodic table represents a rare and unusual opportunity in the history of science: it gives us the chance to observe how, in the process of publishing the results of a scientific study, a researcher comes to realize that what he has discovered is, in fact, a major scientific breakthrough and begins to take the necessary steps toward establishing his scientific priority.

A critical phase of the Ancient Near Eastern history, Late Neolithic covers the period 7000-5500/5100 BCE. Approximately a half century ago, the scholars proposed that Northern Mesopotamia was inhabited by distinct cultural entities known by their pottery styles as first attested at certain key sites, many of which have given their name on chronological episodes, such as Hassuna, Samarra and Halaf. But the most recent Late/Pottery Neolithic chronology for Upper Mesopotamia proposed by Reinhard Bernbeck and Olivier P. Nieuwenhuyse state that the Hassuna and Samarra “influences” form part of a continuous development, the transitional stage between pre-Halaf (6200 BCE) and the Early Halaf (5900 BCE). According to new chronology, Mid-Late Neolithic represented some turning points in human history. The 8.2 kiloyear event took place during the Late Neolithic 3 period (6300-6000 BCE): An abrupt decrease in temperature occurred with prolonged drought, decreased settlement sizes, population dispersal, spread of mobile pastoralism, secondary product revolution (milk and wool) ans exploitation of wildlife resources. Finally, painted pottery revolution (rapid increase of the proportion of painted vessels in the ceramic assemblage) took place during the Late Neolithic 4, also known as Proto-Halaf or “Transition” (to the Halaf ceramic tradition). Halaf pottery (fine wares) emerged gradually from a transitional stage in which Hassuna and Samarra decorative modes and stylistic traits dominated. It’s a new kind of technically advanced pottery, usually showing alternating oxidizing-reducing-reoxidizing firing conditions with a complex style of decoration. Cross-cultural encounters (contacts and interactions of various types: trade, emulation, migration or colonization, displacement of pastoralists) make the Late Neolithic 3-4 community of Northern Levant and Northern Mesopotamia an oecumene concerning the subsistence economy and the material culture.

The grand narrative of cultural developments claims that all technical achievements in prehistory stemmed from urban centres in Mesopotamia and Egypt. But current studies, for instance on the oldest wagons, have opened up space for alternative working hypotheses and models: modern radiocarbon dating of complexes that revealed the cited innovations, e.g. the oldest wagons, functional metal tools, and an advanced copper metallurgy, which predate their fi rst appearance in Mesopotamia, questions the role of this region in the development of technology. Possibly Mesopotamian cities operated rather as a melting pot of numerous innovations obtained from different areas, which were then re-combined and placed into a different context. The North Caucasus, in particular the Early Bronze Age Maykop culture, is an exemplary candidate for such an interactive process in technical developments. The Maykop culture has been known in research for 120 years, and its genesis is supposed to have originated in Mesopotamia. This is an archaeological narrative meant to explain the high technical state of the Maykop culture. In the light of the new chronology based on a relatively small number of radiocarbon dates, a re-examination and alternative models are necessary. It is obvious that this culture developed a highly innovative potential in metalworking and sheep breeding and fulfi lled an important function as mediator in knowledge transfer between the Eurasian steppe and Upper Mesopotamia. Recent aDNA studies support this view.

The results of Bayesian analysis using 43 new high-precision AMS radiocarbon dates on maize, faunal remains, and ceramic residues from 18 precontact Iroquoian village sites in Northern New York are presented. Once thought to span AD 1350–1500, the period of occupation suggested by the modeling is approximately AD 1450–1510. This late placement now makes clear that Iroquoians arrived in the region approximately 100 years later than previously thought. This result halves the time in which population growth and significant changes in settlement occurred. The new chronology allows us to better match these events within a broader Northeast temporal framework.

The article deals with the amendments made by A. P. Tolochko to the traditional chronology of the Russian metropolitans of the 11th cent., compiled by A. Poppe, and shows the weaknesses of both chronologies. Based on the latest epigraphic finds, a new chronology of the Metropolitans until the last quarter of the 11th cent. is proposed: Theophylact was transferred to Russia from the Metropolitan see of Sebasteia sometime before 1015; Theopempt became the Metropolitan no later than 1039; John ascended the throne after 1039 and reigned until 1051; Hilarion became the Metropolitan in 1051 (probably after July 24) and ceased to be in 1052 (before November 4); Ephraim received the Metropolitan see in 1052 (until November 4) and retained it at least until 1055; George, mentioned under 1072, could have become the Metropolitan as early as 1055. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.1.18

Recent archaeological survey and excavation in China have demonstrated that large sites of the late fourth and third millennia BC were situated not on the Central Plains - where the later dynastic centres were located - but along the Yangtze and lower Yellow River Basins. Their decline in the late third and second millennia BC coincided with the growth of sites to the north of the Central Plains. Evidence for settlement size and a new chronology constructed from radiocarbon dates emphasise discontinuities in the geographic distribution of settlements, combined with continuity in cultural practices of ritual feasts and the use of symbolic jades.

Materials, methods, and interpretations, Figure S1 (site description and loess records from layer S1), Figure S2 (comparing δDwax of layer S2 in central and south CLP), Figure S3 (spectrum analysis of loess δDwax), and Figure S4 (the differences between two age-models in paleosol and loess layers).

International audience; Ghar-e Boof is a Paleolithic cave site in Iran well known for its rich early Upper Paleolithic Rostamian assemblages. The site is located on the edge of the Dasht-e Rostam plain in the southern Zagros. Recent excavations by the members of the Tfibingen-Iranian Stone Age Research Project at Ghar-e Boof also recovered well-stratified Middle Paleolithic assemblages. Here, we provide the first detailed luminescence chronology for the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of the site. More generally, our work is the first luminescence chronology for a Middle and Upper Paleolithic site in the Zagros Mountains region in Iran. The luminescence ages for the Upper Paleolithic of Ghar-e Boof agree with published C-14 dates. We applied Bayesian models specifically designed for luminescence dating using the R package 'BayLum' to incorporate the well-established stratigraphic constraints, as well as the published C-14 ages with our optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages to improve the precision of the chronological framework. The Bayesian chronology shows a significantly improved precision of the OSL ages in particular for the upper part of the sequence where C-14 ages were available. The Bayesian OSL ages for the Rostamian horizons, archaeologicalhorizon (AH) III (a-b-c), and AH IV, fall in the range of 37-42 ka (68% credible interval [CI]). Moreover, we determined a series of dates between 45 and 81 ka (68% CI) for the Middle Paleolithic strata from AH IVd to AH VI. Our results point to a demographic shift in the populations responsible for the Middle Paleolithic and the Rostamian within three millennia. This major technological change accompanied by the rise of symbolic artifacts such as personal ornaments, may or may not reflect a replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans. While we are confident that the Rostamian was made by modern humans, available information does not allow us to be sure who made the local Middle Paleolithic.

The Ganeshwar-Jodhpura Chalcolithic culture was first discovered in the 1970’s post the excavation at Jodhpura and Ganeshwar respectively. However over the years, one of the major drawbacks in the study of the culture is the dating and periodisation. This paper on the basis of ceramic analysis and comparative studies of graffiti is an attempt to divide the site of Ganeshwar into two periods viz. the Early and Mature Period and proposes a new chronology. The characteristics features specifically in terms of ceramics of both the periods have been defined.

Since a radiocarbon chronology of the Dalton culture in the Southeast was first proposed, several new sites have been dated. I propose a new chronology based on radiocarbon dates from sites...

In this article the mystical historiosophy of Velimir Khlebnikov is considered as a form of Russian historiosophical thought. Religious, philosophical, historical and cultural prerequisites of formation of the concept of historicism in Russian mysticism of the beginning of the 20th century are analyzed. Special attention is paid to “Boards of Fate”, a collection of notes and observations about the universal laws of time discovered by Khlebnikov. In the article general principles are formulated of assessment of both the mystical historiosophy of Khlebnikov, and other attempts of mystic-occult development of the principle of historicism. Progress in the humanities and cultural anthropology makes it easy to see the limitation of such attempts and to establish some of their initial attitudes, reproduced by default. When these attitudes remain ignored, mystical historicism not only is reproduced in this or that form again and again, but also naturally finds admirers. In particular, we consider the idea of “the universal myth” which for a long time was an attractive reference point for anthropology and for other humanities. Modern anthropological theories (for example, M. Godelye), see in such construction of the universal myth the reproduction of old speculative idealism in new forms of ethnology and psychoanalysis. As the current state of domestic culture is characterized by deviations from scientific and philosophical historicism (various versions of folk history, “new chronology” of A. Fomenko, conspiracy theories, etc.), analysis of sources of Russian mystical historicism acquires natural relevance. A conclusion is made about the need to study Russian historiosophical mysticism for deeper understanding of the principle of historicism and of peculiarities of its perception in Russia.

The question of the development of humanistic historiography in the Renaissance and early Modern era is considered. Special attention is paid to the contribution of Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609) to the creation of a new chronology. The novelty of the research is that Scaliger’s achievements in the field of chronology are considered as an important component of the process of formation of a new historical narrative and the development of scientific principles of historical research. It is emphasized that earlier works written by Italian humanist historians used outdated calendar systems, which developed in the late Antique era and were characterized by a lack of understanding of the true significance of the change of historical epochs. The authors show that Scaliger’s achievements in the field of chronology allowed historians of the early Modern era, especially the French historians, to make significant progress in the understanding of the relevant for the history of Europe period of transition from Late Antiquity to the early Middle Ages. The article concludes that due to the achievements of Scaliger the time scale of the Roman Empire and barbarian kingdoms was able to line up in a meaningful sequence. The history of the Frankish Kingdom as the initial period of the Middle Ages was able to take its place of honor in the writings of historians.

The Ardèche river canyon (Ardèche, France), is famous for its deep ingrown meanders and represent one of the most touristic assets of the region. It is also a central place of Upper Paleolithic human occupancy with numerous caves containing some of the most ancient and impressive rock art ever discovered like in the Chauvet cave, located at the canyon entrance, which artwork was dated at more than 36000 years cal BP (Quilès et al., 2016). The highly elaborated artwork of the cave, dated at more than 36000 years cal BP (Quilès et al., 2016), was kept in an exceptional state because of successive rock collapses of the cliff overhanging the cave that led to the complete closing of the entrance about 21,000 years ago (Sadier et al., 2012). However, the late Quaternary river evolution remains poorly constrained as no absolute dating was conducted on the alluvial deposits, nor in other rivers of the Central Massif mountain eastern margin.We present here the results of two independent dating campaigns based on the karst / river base level relationship and geomorphological observations conducted in both environments. We conducted topographical and geophysical surveys in the Ardèche river meanders and floodplains in order to map the different alluvial banks generations. Geomorphological observations were also conducted inside the canyon cavities and were compared to external observations on an altitudinal grids ranging from the current river thalweg to the + 45 m alluvial deposits.We exploited U/Th dating method on some cave speleothems located along the river and sampled corresponding alluvial sediments for ESR dating, at the same altitudes. Results were thus compared to a relative chronological model in order to deliver a bayesian statistical model for the Upper Pleistocene deposits of the Ardèche river.Chronological modelling can thus be compared to long term Pleistocene climatic evolution and show correlations with glacial/interglacial Upper Pleistocene cycles, and landscape modifications like meander shortcuts.

From 1997 to the present, a sustained project in the Maramureș region in Romania was completed with the construction of a 781-year oak tree-ring chronology. A total of 395 samples from living trees and 429 from archaeological wood were analysed with dendrochronological methods. The study aimed to provide the scientific community with a new oak chronology that could be applied in dendroarchaeology, dendroclimatology and dendroecology studies and also for interpreting past socio-economic events. Furthermore, we studied the number of sapwood rings and the growth pattern for different time periods. The chronology covered the continuous period of A.D. 1236‒2016. From the 824 samples collected, we separated 271 tree-ring series into a new chronology (A.D. 1406–2016), which fulfilled all the criteria necessary to reconstruct past climate and environmental changes. The resulting new tree-ring chronology indicated robust signal series intercorrelation (r = 0.55) and an average mean sensitivity of 0.21. Based on an analysis of the sapwood, we recommend estimating a number between 8 and 32 rings to the date of final ring for 95% confidence range of mean on the for felling in the Maramureș region. Additionally, we observed that the number of sapwood rings was not correlated with altitude or oak tree species.

This article presents the results of a programme of investigation which aimed to construct a more detailed understanding of the character and chronology of crannog occupation in north-east Scotland, targeting a series of sites across the region. The emerging pattern revealed through fieldwork in the region shows broad similarities to the existing corpus of data from crannogs in other parts of the country. Crannogs in north-east Scotland now show evidence for origins in the Iron Age. Further radiocarbon evidence has emerged from crannogs in the region revealing occupation during the 9th–10th centuries ad, a period for which there is little other settlement evidence in the area. Additionally, excavated contexts dated to the 11th–12th centuries and historic records suggest that the tradition of crannog dwelling continued into the later medieval period. Overall, the recent programme of fieldwork and dating provides a more robust foundation for further work in the region and can help address questions concerning the adoption of the practice of artificial island dwelling across Scotland through time.

Unusually for a Palaeolithic cave, the Grotta di Cala dei Genovesi on the island of Levanzo, off the west coast of Sicily, Italy, has yielded evidence of both parietal and mobiliary art. Developments in dating techniques since the excavations of the 1950s now allow the age of the mobiliary art�an engraved aurochs�to be determined. At the same time, stylistic comparison of the parietal art at Grotta di Cala dei Genovesi with other broadly contemporaneous sites that demonstrate well-documented cave art allows a relative chronology to be proposed. The two methods taken together enable a direct chronological comparison to be made between the production of parietal and mobiliary art at this important cave site.

The timeframe of Indigenous settlements in Northeast North America in the 15th-17thcenturies CE has until very recently been largely described in terms of European material culture and history. An independent chronology was usually absent. Radiocarbon dating has recently begun to change this conventional model radically. The challenge, if an alternative, independent timeframe and history is to be created, is to articulate a high-resolution chronology appropriate and comparable with the lived histories of the Indigenous village settlements of the period. Improving substantially on previous initial work, we report here high-resolution defined chronologies for the three most extensively excavated and iconic ancestral Kanienʼkehá꞉ka (Mohawk) village sites in New York (Smith-Pagerie, Klock and Garoga), and a fourth early historic Indigenous site, Brigg’s Run, and re-assess the wider chronology of the Mohawk River Valley in the mid-15thto earlier 17thcenturies. This new chronology confirms initial suggestions from radiocarbon that a wholesale reappraisal of past assumptions is necessary, since our dates conflict completely with past dates and the previously presumed temporal order of these three iconic sites. In turn, a wider reassessment of northeastern North American early history and re-interpretation of Atlantic connectivities in the later 15ththrough early 17thcenturies is required. Our new closely defined date ranges are achieved employing detailed archival analysis of excavation records to establish the contextual history for radiocarbon-dated samples from each site, tree-ring defined short time series from wood charcoal samples fitted against the radiocarbon calibration curve (‘wiggle-matching’), and Bayesian chronological modelling for each of the individual sites integrating all available prior knowledge and radiocarbon dating probabilities. We define (our preferred model) most likely (68.3% highest posterior density) village occupation ranges for Smith-Pagerie of ~1478–1498, Klock of ~1499–1521, Garoga of ~1550–1582, and Brigg’s Run of ~1619–1632.

Vadnagar town of western India (North Gujarat) possess continuous human habitation record since ~2500 years. Owing to its rich cultural heritage, the town had been visited by Chinese pilgrims including Hiuen Tsang in 640 CE. Recent archaeological excavations at Vadnagar revealed continuous sequence of seven successive cultures from the Early historic (6th century BCE to 4th century BCE) period till present. From 2017 to 18 excavation seasons, ~18–20 m accumulation of cultural deposits were found at Ambaghat and Darbargarh localities. To complement and fortify the cultural chronology of these ancient cultural deposits, both conventional radiocarbon (C-14) and optically stimulated dating (OSL) methods were employed. Three C-14 and five OSL dates matched perfectly with the cultural ages of deposits and the entire cultural sequence spanned between 2nd century BCE to 6th century CE. Geochemical proxies (δ13C, δ 15N, C/N ratios) of excavated soil-sediments were measured to infer hydro-environmental conditions while soil magnetic parameters (χlf, χhf and χfd%) were measured to assess anthropogenic heating history. Average δ 13CTOC values of both trenches (−20.7 ± 3.5‰, −19.5 ± 3.5‰) indicated drier status of soil-sediments. Soil magnetic susceptibilities at lower and higher frequency ranges (χlf and χhf) varied in overlapping ranges i.e. 88.5 ± 43.1 and 121.4 ± 72.1 (10−8m3 kg−1) respectively, indicating the presence of super paramagnetic grains in the soil attributable to firing activities of soil-sediment. Average χfd% values (8.3 ± 1.1, 7.7 ± 2.0) indicate excavated soils undergone pedogenic processes.

Recently, Inomata and colleagues (2014) proposed a revision to Shook and Popenoe de Hatch's (1999) chronology of Kaminaljuyu, recommending a new chronology based on detailed Bayesian analysis of the calibrated dates. In this article, I present data suggesting that Inomata and colleagues' proposed chronology should be viewed with caution, especially with regard to the apogee of Kaminaljuyu, the Verbena and Arenal phases. Furthermore, the impact of their revised chronology is overstated because the model of highland-to-lowland diffusion that they attack has long been moribund.

The period around 50 000–35 000 years ago constitutes one of the most debated research issues in European archaeology of the Palaeolithic. In this time period, the transition from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic took place. Locally, in different areas of Europe, this shift is recorded in so-called transitional assemblages. The eastern fringe of these transitional assemblages is represented by the Jerzmanowician, the unit described on the basis of a lithic assemblage from Nietoperzowa Cave (Poland). The unit is a part of a European transitional complex called the Lincombian–Ranisian–Jerzmanowician. Up to now, the radiocarbon dates presented in the literature have only allowed us to set the age of the Jerzmanowician at c.40 000–45 000 ka cal bp. In this study, we present 42 new radiocarbon dates. We attempt to set the archaeological record of the Jerzmanowician from Nietoperzowa Cave in an accurate chronological framework, based on Bayesian statistical processing of radiocarbon dates. We conclude that the lower boundary of layer 6 in Nietoperzowa Cave can be statistically located in the range 44 000–42 000 cal bp and the upper limit for the Jerzmanowician is estimated to c.31 000 cal bp. New data raises a question on the correlation with upper layer 4. In the light of the new chronology, the attribution of the archaeological inventory from layer 4 to the Jerzmanowician seems questionable.

A new chronology is introduced to address the history of chemistry, with educational purposes, particularly for the end of the twentieth century and here identified as the fifth chemical revolution. Each revolution are considered in terms of the Kuhnian notion of ‘exemplar,’ rather than ‘paradigm.’ This approach enables the incorporation of instruments, as well as concepts and the rise of new subdisciplines into the revolutionary process and provides a more adequate representation of such periods of development and consolidation. The fifth revolution developed from 1973 to 1999 and is characterized by a deep transformation in the very heart of chemistry. That is to say, the size and type of objects (substances), the way in which they must be done and the time in which they are transformed. In one way or another, chemistry’ limits had been set out.

Статья посвящена своеобразному юбилею - столетию от начала формирования советского идеологически ориентированного историко-филологического дискурса. В 1921 году в системе Академии наук был создан Институт яфетидологических исследований, который возглавил Н. Я. Марр. Одним из этапных трудов института стала коллективная работа над сюжетом Тристана и Изольды, которая доказала право советской историко-филологической науки по-новому писать историю. Сто лет спустя к этому же сюжету обратился А. Фоменко в рамках парадигмы новой хронологии с той же целью - отстоять право постсоветской науки на исправление мировой истории., The article is devoted to a peculiar anniversary - the centenary of the beginning of the formation of the Soviet ideologically oriented historical and philological discourse. In 1921 The Institute of japhetidological research was established in the system of the Academy of Sciences, which was headed by Acad. N. Marr. One of the most important works of the Institute was the collective investigation on the story of Tristan and Isolde, which proved the right of the Soviet histori-cal and philological science to rewrite history in a new way. A hundred years later, the same story was investigated by A. Fomenko within the framework of the new chronology paradigm with the same goal - to defend the right of the post-Soviet science to correct the world history., Политическая лингвистика, Issue № 4 (82), Pages 10-21

In this article the various problems related to the fragmentarycorpusof Theagenes (FGrHist774) are tackled. The author first proposes an analysis of theAntiquities of Macedonia(Μακεδονικὰ πάτρια), delving into its connections with local Greek historiography. Then he produces evidence to confirm Theagenes’ authorship of theHistory of Caria(Καρικά) quoted by Stephanus of Byzantium (cf.FGrHist774 F 16). In addition he reaffirms the identification of the historian with the obscure Theogenes, author of a workOn Aegina(Περὶ Αἰγίνης: cf.FGrHist300). He finally suggests a new chronology for Theagenes, and dates his works to the late third centurybc, linking the topics addressed in thecorpusto the reign of Philip V of Macedonia.

Teams from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) have put forth a new chronology for Chichen Itza that challenges recent scholarly opinion favoring a date of roughlya.d.800/850–1000/1050 for the so-called “Toltec” or Modified Florescent occupation. The new chronology instead argues for the placement of this occupation betweena.d.950–1150, a span favored by scholars prior to the 1970s. This paper presents a critique of the ceramic, radiocarbon, and stratigraphic foundations of these arguments, arguing that, on present evidence, Chichen Itza experienced a tenth-century florescence. Although the site may very well have been occupied into the next century, at present we have no absolute dates aftera.d.1000 and no evidence for later monumental construction. Furthermore, arguments for a proposed hiatus or discontinuity at the onset of the Modified Florescent period are rejected in favor of a model of continued development of Toltec ideas from the late ninth century onward.

This article reexamines the idea prevalent in existing historiography that Jews were accused of well poisoning before 1321. It argues that the historians who studied the origins of such accusations were misled by sources written in the early modern period to think that Jews were charged with well poisoning as early as the eleventh century. However, a careful analysis of the sources reveals that there is little reliable evidence that such cases happened before the fourteenth century, much less on a large scale. Thus, the conclusions of the article call for a new chronology of well-poisoning charges made against Jews, starting closer to the fourteenth century.

The Ottoman reoccupation of the site of Kaman-Kalehoyuk (Kirsehir Province, Turkey) apparently occurred sometime during the fifteenth century CE, a time of massive territorial and administrative transformation in the Empire. A rich suite of archaeobotanical material recovered from the site offers a potentially invaluable source of information on Ottoman-era Anatolian agroeconomy, especially since historiographic research on the topic has uniformly ignored archaeological perspectives. Here we present results of a multi-proxy analysis aimed at establishing an absolute multiphasic chronology for Kaman-Kalehoyuk’s Ottoman occupation, founded upon Bayesian statistical modelling of high-precision radiocarbon dates from cereal remains. We use the new chronology to position Kaman-Kalehoyuk’s resettlement within a historical context, allowing a new perspective on settlement responses to large-scale Ottoman sociopolitical change in Anatolia.

In this article the traditional birth’s date of Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros is questioned, by means of an inquiry into the historiography, both ancient and modern, and the chronology of his family and contemporaries. As a result, a most likely date for his birth is suggested, and a new chronology for the fist years of his life is given.En este artículo se cuestiona la fecha tradicional del nacimiento del cardenal Jiménez de Cisneros, mediante el examen de la historiografía tanto antigua como moderna, y de la cronología de sus parientes y contemporáneos. Como resultado de ella se sugiere una fecha más probable de dicho nacimiento y se da una nueva cronología de los primeros años de su vida.

Recent reassessment of the sequence at the highland Maya centre of Kaminaljuyu has led to a substantial chronological revision for Preclassic southern Mesoamerica. The new chronology suggests that various centres on the Gulf Coast, in Chiapas and in the Southern Maya Region experienced political disruption or reorganisation at the end of the Middle Preclassic period around 350 BC. It also shifts the initial rise and height of Kaminaljuyu forward 300 years. These shifts dramatically alter our understanding of sculptural developments in the Southern Maya Region, and emphasise the role of inter-regional interaction in the development of Maya civilisation.

Two recent publications on the age and integrity of Madjedbebe (Clarkson et al. 2015, 2017) make a compelling case for Aboriginal occupation of Greater Australia by 55,000 cal BP and certainly well...

This paper offers a new chronology for Gratian's journey from Trier to Thrace, his campaign against the Lentienses as well as the route he followed in 378, as described by Ammianus Marcellinus (31.10 and 31.11.6). According to Otto Seeck and others, Gratian left Trier shortly after 20 April 378 (Cod. Theod. 8.5.35). It is argued here that Gratian left Trier soon after 1 June (Cod. Theod. 1.15.9), a date dismissed by Seeck on weak grounds, and that the events described by Ammianus perfectly fit within a chronological window of the months June and July of 378.

Williams argues for a new chronology of the modern novel which emphasises the native multilingualism of the form over other thematic and periodical categories. Drawing on recent perspectives on the linguistics of multilingualism, this introduction argues that our understanding of the novel must reflect the history of the multilingual as a shared human experience of modernity, of empire and of decolonisation: the notion of a monolingual literary form does not hold up to scrutiny in a multilingual world. If we acknowledge this fact, Williams argues, we can understand modernist experimentation as an engagement with the linguistic history of empire which inaugurates a century of multilingual writing in Europe and the Caribbean.

The colours used in Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica to decorate walls, codices or artefacts have been the subject of numerous studies, with particular attention to Maya blue, red and white pigments. However, most of these studies have been focused on emblematic cultures of the Classic period (ca. 300–1000 CE), such as Teotihuacan and Maya cultures. This work proposes a new chronology of the preparation and use of these pigments, particularly Maya blue, by analysing samples of the Pre-Classic period (ca. 1800 BCE–300 CE). The samples belong to ceremonial artefacts decorated with blue, red and white pigments, in a funerary context from the Chupicuaro culture, which was developed between 600 and 100 BCE in Western Mexico. The analytical results obtained in this research by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques (EDXRF, SEM-EDX, Raman and LC-MS/MS-TOF/MS) confirm the presence of indigo (Indigofera suffruticosa L., Indigofera mucrolata or Indigofera jamaicensis, among other local species), iron oxide (α-Fe2O3), cinnabar (HgS) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as compounds of these colours. Our findings support the first evidence of the use of the indigo to elaborate a Maya blue pigment outside the Maya region at least four centuries before it was recognized in this region. Moreover, we found an ancient use of cinnabar mixed together with iron-based red pigments to cover bodies in the burial rites in Pre-Columbian societies, showing a connection between these red pigments and the funerary world in ancient America. These results have a great impact on the history of colour in ancient Mesoamerica from the economic, social, cultural and historical point of view. This study implies a geographical and chronological leap of high impact on the archaeology and history of ancient Mesoamerica.

The History of Music has always been represented, in the Western Academic tradition, as a series of great works signed by geniuses. From this corpus, the necessary cuts were planned and the terminology which will end up configuring the history of the musical styles was provided. Currently this chronology represents an obstacle to add to and contextualize the contemporary creations and it isolates music as an artistic form disconnected from other cultural manifestations. Our theoretical contribution is the result of an interdisciplinary work which conjugates the heritage of Musicology, Sociology and Historiography. The synchronic reflection of these disciplines allows us to articulate a new chronology for Western Music. This proposal establishes as its main cores the historic matrix of the term stream of Philip Ennis, and the concepts of field of Pierre Bourdieu and musical scene of Will Straw. We can, thus, take Music back to its social context and understand its historical process as an uninterrupted flow –a simultaneous combination of four trends and two fields or scenes– and in constant dialogue with the rest of social manifestations.

Recently, the veracity of the published chronology for the Pliocene section of North Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Site 982 was called into question. Here, we examine the robustness of the original age model as well as the proposed age model revision. The proposed revision is predicated on an apparent mis-identification of the depth to the Gauss-Matuyama (G/M) polarity chronozone reversal boundary (2.581 Ma) based on preliminary shipboard paleomagnetic data and offers a new chronology which includes a hiatus between ~ 3.2 and 3 Ma. However, an even more accurate shore-based, u-channel-derived polarity chronozone stratigraphy for the past ~ 2.7 Ma supports the shipboard composite stratigraphy and demonstrates that the original estimate of the depth of the G/M reversal in the Site 982 record is correct. Thus, the main justification forwarded to support the revised chronology is not valid. We demonstrate that the proposed revision results in a pronounced anomaly in sedimentation rates proximal to the proposed hiatus, erroneous assignment of marine-isotope stages in the Site 982 Pliocene benthic stable oxygen isotope stratigraphy, and a markedly worse correlation of proxy records between this site and other regional paleoclimate data. We conclude that the original chronology for Site 982 is a far more accurate age-model than that which arises from the published revision. We strongly recommend the use of the original chronology for all future work at Site 982.

* I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Em. M. Tanret, Prof. K. De Graef, and the reviewers who read through and commented on this article. I am most grateful for the access the former provided to the Ghent University seal and prosopographical databases, and the VHS recordings of the Tell ed-Dēr archive (Di). Further, I would like to thank Mr. E. Smekens for drawing the seals with such great care for detail. The following abbreviations are used for the names of the Old Babylonian kings from Sippar: Bti = Buntaḫtun-ila; Im = Immerum; Sle = Sumu-lā-el; Sa = Sabium; AS = Apil-Sin; Sm = Sin-muballiṭ; Ḫa = Ḫammu-rabi; Si = Samsuiluna; Ae = Abi-esuḫ; Ad = Ammi-ditana; Aṣ = Ammi-ṣaduqa; Sd = Samsu-ditana. All absolute dates given follow the New Chronology from H. Gasche et al., Dating the Fall of Babylon. A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology, Mesopotamian History and Environment Series II, Memoirs 4 (Ghent, 1998). All text abbreviations cited follow either the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary or R. Pientka, Die spataltbabylonische Zeit (Munster, 1998); the series MHET = L. Dekiere, Old Babylonian Real Estate Documents from Sippar in the British Museum (Ghent, 1994–1998), vols. 1–6. 1 See the tables for references to the tablets on which the eighteen seal impressions are attested. 2 See the excellent study of D. Matthews, Principles of Composition in Near Eastern Glyptic of the Later Second Millennium B.C., Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis Series Archaeologica 8 (Freiburg, 1990): 27–54, who states that “the decorative and functional role of seals would be adequately provided by a system which specified of the recarved seal is rather remarkable by itself. Moreover, the seal was used by four different persons, i.e., two merchants and their respective sons, covering a period of at least eighty-five years. By considering this seal in its professional and familial context, it is possible to shed light on its iconography and use, and on the dual transmission of a title and a seal from father to son. The data presented are considered in the context of over 7,000 seal impressions dated to the Old Babylonian period and deriving from the ancient city of Sippar, and more than 56,000 names, assembled in a prosopographical database by the Assyriological staff of the Near East department of Ghent University.

Shuidonggou localities 1 and 2 provide key evidence for the Initial Upper Palaeolithic of north-east Asia. In a recent article inAntiquity(87 (2013), 368–383), Liet al.proposed a new chronology, building on the earlier results of Madsenet al.(Antiquity75 (2001), 705–716). Here Susan Keates and Yaroslav Kuzmin take issue with the new chronology. The article is followed by a response from Li and Gao.

Modern human dispersal into Europe is thought to have occurred with the start of the Upper Paleolithic around 50,000-40,000 y ago. The Levantine corridor hypothesis suggests that modern humans from Africa spread into Europe via the Levant. Ksâr 'Akil (Lebanon), with its deeply stratified Initial (IUP) and Early (EUP) Upper Paleolithic sequence containing modern human remains, has played an important part in the debate. The latest chronology for the site, based on AMS radiocarbon dates of shell ornaments, suggests that the appearance of the Levantine IUP is later than the start of the first Upper Paleolithic in Europe, thus questioning the Levantine corridor hypothesis. Here we report a series of AMS radiocarbon dates on the marine gastropod Phorcus turbinatus associated with modern human remains and IUP and EUP stone tools from Ksâr 'Akil. Our results, supported by an evaluation of individual sample integrity, place the EUP layer containing the skeleton known as "Egbert" between 43,200 and 42,900 cal B.P. and the IUP-associated modern human maxilla known as "Ethelruda" before ∼45,900 cal B.P. This chronology is in line with those of other Levantine IUP and EUP sites and demonstrates that the presence of modern humans associated with Upper Paleolithic toolkits in the Levant predates all modern human fossils from Europe. The age of the IUP-associated Ethelruda fossil is significant for the spread of modern humans carrying the IUP into Europe and suggests a rapid initial colonization of Europe by our species.

Concrete is regarded as a quintessentially Roman achievement. The spread of the technology is usually dated to the fourth or third centuriesb.c., and interpreted as a symptom of Rome's early expansion in Italy. In this paper I offer a reappraisal of the available evidence for early concrete construction in Rome. On the basis of stratigraphic evidence, I conclude that a later date should be assigned to most of the remains. I situate the origins of the technological innovation within the radical change in architectural styles that unfolded in the middle of the second centuryb.c., affecting both domestic architecture and public building. The new chronology has an impact on current models of cultural diffusion in Roman Italy, linking the development of Late Republican architecture with the broader debate on the cultural implications of the Roman conquest.

This article re-examines the partition of East Africa. It first outlines the existing historiography, namely the dominant geo-strategic Nile model, and suggests that there are two major areas of weakness upon close analysis: a lack of documentary evidence; the way the sequence of actual events and policy decisions is inconsistent with the main thesis. Second, using a wide range of sources, a new chronology of events will be proposed that divides the annexation process into three separate stages. The article will first expose the importance of the prelude to partition in determining its ultimate geographical scope, in particular Anglo-German relations, local treaties and the commercial expectations for the lakes region. The second and third sections will expose the importance of public opinion in formulating a forward policy in the region. Finally, building on this, it will be argued that the role of Britain's anti-slave-trade policy needs to be fully acknowledged, with regard to Britain's raison d'etre fo...

We describe the development of a new chronology for the Postclassic site of Calixtlahuaca, Toluca, Mexico. We identify three ceramic phases using discriminant analysis of decorated and plainware types. These phases are consistent with excavated stratigraphy, as well as a series of 54 radiocarbon dates. We then assign absolute dates to the phases using Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates and historical information on the date of site abandonment. The resulting chronology identifies three phases at the site: Dongu (A.D. 1130-1380), Ninupi (A.D. 1380-1450), and Yata (A.D. 1450-1530). We then discuss the local and regional implications of the chronology. More broadly, our results demonstrate the utility of using multiple, complementary methods for developing more precise chronologies.