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Background: Reactive lymph node hyperplasia can exhibit morphological patterns I to VI. This study was done to evaluate lymph node hyperplasia, lymph node reactive patterns, lymph node metastasis and correlation with tumour stage, lymph node patterns and lymph node size. Methods: Total 454 lymph nodes were reviewed for metastases and reactivity patterns I to VI as per the World Health Organization (WHO) protocol. Association between qualitative variables was assessed by the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test, those between quantitative variables using unpaired t-test. Results: Lymph node hyperplasia was highest in breast and commonest lymph node reactive patterns were lymphocyte predominance, germinal centre predominance, sinus histiocytosis and mixed patterns. Conclusions: Lymph node hyperplasia and lymph node reactive patterns show organ-wise variation and need standardisation. Most common lymph node reactive patterns included lymphocyte predominance and germinal centre predominance hyperplasia. Studying lymph node reactivity may help to understand host immune reaction against the tumour and thus influence prognosis.

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition, which is a leading gastrointestinal cause of hospitalization in the United States. Several conditions are associated with acute pancreatitis. More recently, there have been a few cases reported of acute pancreatitis following the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. To our knowledge, no cases of acute pancreatitis have been yet reported following the Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (J& J vaccine). Herein we report a 34-year-old male with no significant past medical history admitted with acute necrotizing pancreatitis, the day following the receipt of the J&J vaccine. Based on the Naranjo and the modified Naranjo scale, the patient met the requirements for probable drug induced pancreatitis. This case report has the objective to raise awareness of a potentially severe side effect of the J&J vaccine. We hope to use this case to support screening all patients for previous history of acute pancreatitis before administration of the J& J vaccine.

One of the most crucial aspects that shoppers take into account while selecting clothing from racks is fit, and even clothes manufactured by tailors are accepted. When designers create clothing for them, one of the first things that clients look at is fit. The current study was carried out in Delhi and NCR. The study focuses on the age range that includes young adult women (18-35). To gather data on the study criteria i.e., ever purchasing readymade saree-shirt, place of purchasing, kinds of fitting problem they faced, type for saree-shirt style they like the most etc, a questionnaire was developed. The study's samples were chosen through the use of purposeful random sampling. Majority of respondents belongs from Meerut district and faced difficulty to find the accurate size, they prefer boutique for their saree-shirt as they have the opinion that finishing of the saree-shirt is good, they get the saree-shirt within the time duration, and they give preference for four dart style over other styles. The present study was undertaken to assess the fitting problems with saree-shirt facing by customer. Customers face fitting problems not only with readymade as well as stitched saree-shirt. A proper fit for clothing is crucial. A proper fit increase confidence and frees body from impediments so that you can move quickly in the workplace, at home, or at the gym.

In the current scenario, medical concern is fundamental for everyone’s existence in addition to well-being, but the waste produced as of healthcare facilities signifies an actual concern in our surroundings. One of the healthcare workers (HCWs) most crucial duties is to handle biomedical waste (BMW) created in a healthcare institution properly since inappropriate management of BMW not only puts both individuals and the environment at risk but might also lead to lawful act opposed to healthcare workers and hospital authority. Current research plan is intended to assess biomedical waste management in a tertiary care hospital in Raipur, Chhattisgarh. A facility-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur; Chhattisgarh from July 2021 to August 2021. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and observation was done by interviewing 105 healthcare workers, selected by simple random sampling, using a predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire. The analysis revealed that medical staff had good knowledge, attitude and practice of biomedical waste management than the paramedical professionals or non-medical workers. There is an imperative need for orientation training to protect themselves, and citizens visiting this healthcare facility and close by communities.

Gold was considered as universal remedies for diseases like inflammation, infections, etc in 19th century. Later in 20th century Robert Koch discovered Gold complex Potassiumdicyanidoaurate(I) showing activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, later the treatment was proved to be ineffective subsequently. Further in 1985 Auranofin (Gold salt) was introduced for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, which had to be taken orally and believed to be the major discovery till injectable gold came into existence. The function of drugs based on gold is majorly related to Rheumatoid arthritis but engrossment has bent towards the adequacy of Gold compounds for anti cancer activities. The review article summarizes the current research on Gold complexes and their biological activities against cancer as well as in case of RA.

A sorbent consisting of a lanthanum-loaded metal–organic framework, involving terephthalic acid (La@TPA) and amino terephthalic acid (La@ATPA) as organic linkers, was synthesized and evaluated for fluoride (F) removal from groundwater.

Modification of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles via aryl diazonium produces up to 160% increase in saturation magnetization and 190% increase in pseudocapacitance.

This research on environmental protection policies in India urges rethinking the entire paradigm of pollution control and sustainability. Its scope encompasses rights to life, liberty, a livelihood and a higher level of living, clean working conditions, and a pollution-free environment. Since the Indian Constitution mandates that both the State and its citizenry must safeguard the environmental improvement and the fundamental issues. According to the government, India's environmental pollution is largely embraced as a component of its economy built on greed and is willing to forgo both natural resources and public health in order to maintain rapid economic growth. This secondary research study investigates the environmental issues through industry analysis and sustainability.

Background: Pregnancy Induced hypertension continues to be rampant globally and is associated with high perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity. It is still one of the most important and intriguing unsolved problems in obstetrics. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy account for approximately 7 to 15% of all pregnancies and nearly 25% of antenatal ward admissions. The condition complicates about 10% of pregnancies and is responsible for 14% of maternal deaths, 15% of perinatal deaths, and 30% of maternal near misses worldwide. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (PIH) are a group of disorders that range from pre-existing chronic hypertension in the index pregnancy to complex multisystem disorders such as preeclampsia, which can lead to complications such as eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, acute renal failure, pulmonary edema, stroke, and left ventricular failure. Though not preventable, early detection and proper intervention can signicantly reduce complications. This is achievable with Prenatal care at all levels. However, there is an unmet need in recognizing and managing PIH and its complications in low and middle-income countries due to pregnancy myths and misconceptions, transportation challenges, low socioeconomic status, and a lack of easy and expert antenatal care requiring a multidisciplinary approach, a lack of accurate prediction methods, and a scarcity of high dependency units (HDU). Early detection of a milder form of disease, corticosteroid administration, and careful timing of delivery can all help improve the outcome. In light of this, we designed and conceived the current study with the goal of studying the maternal and perinatal outcomes of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital. Furthermore, data from antenatal females with PIH admitted for safe connement were collected and classied into the following categories: GHTN, Preeclampsia, Chronic Hypertension, Chronic Hypertension superimposed with preeclampsia, and eclampsia. Finally, the method of delivery (vaginal/caesarean section) in each category of patients was examined. The study's ndings will assist us in determining the scope of the problem in our area and estimating the fetal and maternal complications associated with it. Methods: All patients beyond 20 weeks of pregnancy with pregnancy induced hypertension admitted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of MGM Medical College over a period of 18 months after approval from Institutional ethical committee was taken into consideration. The objective of the study was to analyze the cases of gestational hypertension, Chronic Hypertension, Chronic Hypertension superimposed with preeclampsia, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and their maternal outcome in terms of mode of delivery and complications. Perinatal outcome in relation to neonatal complications was also studied. The frequency and percentage for socio-demographic variables, mode of delivery and complications were analyzed. Results: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension cases accounted for 415 cases were enrolled during study period; The most common PIH presentation was pre-eclampsia, followed by severe pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, antepartum eclampsia. Maternal morbidity and mortality were observed in 37.6% of the women and 3.6%, respectively in our study. Abruption, wound infection, and eclampsia were the most common complications, accounting for 11%, 9%, and 7.7% of all cases, respectively. 48.2% of babies were shifted to mother side, followed by 41.6% were shifted to SNCU, 7.9% were Intrauterine deaths and least 2.1% were Still birth respectively Conclusions: Though the incidence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia is on the decline, still it remains the major contributor to poor maternal and fetal outcome. Regular antenatal checkups, early diagnosis, prompt multidisciplinary treatment, optimum timing of delivery reduces the incidence of complications and the maternal mortality. Early referral and management of these cases at centers with advanced neonatal facilities will reduce the perinatal mortality

Actinomycetes due to their unique repertoire of antimicrobial secondary metabolites can be a good source to control human pathogens. In our research plan, soil samples were collected from Bhilai, India. The strains were isolated using yeast extract-malt extract agar medium and identified based on their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The antifungal activity of isolates was examined by the perpendicular streak plate as well as the agar well diffusion method. Out of 14 isolates, only 4 isolates (28.5%) showed antifungal activity. Further, one isolate showed the highest antifungal activity and was identified as Streptomyces antibioticus A8 based on PIB-Win software and the identification score was 0.99. Antifungal activity of new isolate Streptomyces antibioticus A8 against the T. rubrum MTCC 296, with a zone of inhibition 28±0.0 mm, whereas minimum activity was recorded against A. niger MTCC 872 with the zone of inhibition 9±0.0 mm. antifungal activity against C.albicans ATCC10231, C.albicans ATCC90028, C. albicans ATCC24433, C.albicans MTCC183, C.tropicalis MTCC184, A.alternata MTCC 1779 was recorded as 20±0.0mm, 17±0.0 mm, 17±0.0 mm, 15±0.5 mm, 14±0.0 mm and 11±0.0 mm respectively by agar well diffusion method. Further, discovering new antimicrobial-producingmicrobes probably will be helpful for uncovering novel therapeutic agents against a broad range of pathogenic organisms.

Abstract: Lithium is a well-known FDA-approved treatment for bipolar and mood disorders. Lithium has been an enigmatic drug with multifaceted actions involving various neurotransmitters and intricate cell signalling cascades. Recent studies highlight the neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions of lithium in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, and epilepsy. Of note, lithium holds a significant interest in epilepsy, where the past reports expose its non-specific proconvulsant action, followed lately by numerous studies for anti-convulsant action. However, the exact mechanism of action of lithium for any of its effects is still largely unknown. The present review integrates findings from several reports and provides detailed possible mechanisms of how a single molecule exhibits marked pro-epileptogenic as well as anti-convulsant action. This review also provides clarity regarding the safety of lithium therapy in epileptic patients.

Since COVID-19 was released, online education has taken center stage. Educational performance analysis is a central topic in virtual classrooms and across the spectrum of academic institutions. This research analyzed students' studies in virtual learning using many machine-learning classifiers, which include LogitBoost, Logistic Regression, J48, OneR, Multilayer Perceptron, and Naive Bayes, to find the ideal one that produces the best outcomes. This research evaluates algorithms based on recall, precision, and f-measure to determine their efficacy. Accordingly, the authors try to perform a comparative analysis of the algorithms in this research by employing two distinct test models: the use of training sets and the 10 cross-fold models. The research results demonstrate that the training set model outperforms the 10 cross-fold model. The findings demonstrate that the multilayer perceptron classifier utilizing the use training set model performs much better in terms of predicting student study in virtual learning.

Bioaerosol containing fungal spores became public health hazards. The aerosols contain the fungal spores of different species of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, Penicillium, Wallemia, Stachybotrys etc. and caused various life-threatening respiratory diseases such as hypersensitivity, pneumonia, Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Mucormycosis, Cancer, etc. They are easily transmitted from one individual to another. They also cause extreme damage to crops and create problems in food security by producing mycotoxins. The transmissions of fungal spores depend upon the environmental factor, seasonal variation, growth surface, type of fungal spore, etc. There are various biophysical, biochemical and molecular techniques that are present to detect fungal spores in aerosol. There are numerous physical and chemical agents that can kill fungi. Good public health and food security can be achieved through the detection and management of fungal spores in aerosols.

The placenta is a captivating multifunctional organ of fetal origin and plays an essential role during pregnancy by intimately connecting mother and baby. This study explicates placental pathology and information about 25 placentas collected from the mothers infected with novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2). So far, congenital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be remarkably uncommon in spite of many cases of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Out of the 25 placental tissue samples collected, none has shown gene expression of SARS-CoV-2 when confirmed by RT-PCR. At the same time, nasal and throat swab samples collected from newborns of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers correspondingly tested negative by RT-PCR. The shielding properties of placental barriers against viral infections from mothers to newborns remains a mystery. Major histopathological findings have been recorded as choriodecidual tissue with necrosis, intramural fibrin deposition, chorionic villi with fibrosis, and calcification. Moreover, although recent findings are insufficient to prove direct placental transmission of COVID-19, the abundance of angiotensin-converting enzymes-2 (ACE-2) on the placental surface could potentially contribute to unpleasant outcomes during pregnancy as SARSCoV-2 gains access to human cells via ACE-2. Finally, the significance of these findings is vague and needs further study.

The infrastructure business in India is rapidly increasing. Infrastructure is the most major hindrance to the growth of Indian businesses in India. Existing buildings account for 45 percent of worldwide energy use in the current condition. These constructions' greenhouse gas emissions are mostly to blame for global warming, acid rain, and other environmental difficulties. We can reduce our dependency on limited natural resources like power, water, and materials which use in building while simultaneously enhancing our contribution to environmental quality by incorporating green building themes into the design, construction, and maintenance of buildings, and restoration of our houses. It is a common misconception that only new buildings can be certified as green building, however this is not true. Existing buildings may be made certified green by taking certain step. With each existing building's effort in adopting the existing green building strategies, an enormous effect in combating global warming will be anticipated in return. GRIHA provides green building certification at various levels. There are several ways for meeting these objectives with the cooperation of humans and the use of modern technology and procedures. In retrofitting existing building for GRIHA certification, aspects like site availability, energy efficiency, water efficiency, renewable energy, natural lighting are taken into account. The present paper presents the retrofitting required to transform an existing building to a certified green building with ease and cost effectiveness.

The present dreary and vicious rivalry and the likeness of product have yield retail industry to bridle visual promoting as a mode to expand the charm of items. Visual product demonstrates the introduction of a store and selling components in such a way will draw in the consideration and hold the commitment of possible clients. This examination means to sum up the past examinations and address the unconventional development in visual promoting occurred throughout the long term to demonstrate the appropriate usage of viewable signs that are guided towards the clients to draw in them to their stores, bringing about acquisition of clothes and proposing aspect that can be concentrated further. A few parts has been involved by the retailer in making appealing store that prompts drive buyer purchasing conduct This study will go about as a guide to the scholarly information by recognizing some examination holes in the current writing and by giving headings to future exploration

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India and with an increasing trend. The combined estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu biomarker expression is a predictor of breast cancer status for therapeutic guidance. Studies have demonstrated that these biomarkers are unstable throughout their tumor progression. Varying concordance and discordance in the biomarker expression between ER, PR Her2neu and its correlation with p53 and ki67 status are reported. Aim: This study was conducted for studying and comparing the expression of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers, i.e., ER, PR, HER2/neu, p53, and Ki67 for clinicopathological features and interrelation purpose. Methods: Fifty one cases of female breast carcinoma between years December 2019 and April 2021 were included in the study. IHC was applied on the sections from tru-cut/excisional biopsies and subsequent mastectomy specimens. Analyses of the expression of IHC markers were attempted. Results: Substantial agreement was observed for biomarker ER, PR, HER2/neu, p53, and Ki67 expression with respect to age of the patient, size of the lump, histologic grade and diagnosis. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant association between tumor size with advanced histological grade, high cell proliferation (Ki-67 expression) and p53. Thus, there is a need to perform ER, PR, HER2/neu, p53, and Ki67 IHC studies routinely to help design therapies that are tailored to target the specific tumor clones and render maximum benefit to patients.

Obesity is linked to various gynaecological conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and leads to metabolic syndrome. Early diagnosis of visceral obesity would help control the occurrence and progression of these diseases The aim of the study was to compare waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio with body mass index (BMI) as indicators of abdominal obesity. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 women with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) fulfilling Rotterdam criteria over a period of one year. Height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. BMI and waist to hip ratio were calculated. These were compared with each other. Overall, average waist circumference and waist to hip ratio were found to be 68. 69 cm and 0. 82 respectively and mean BMI was 23. 07 kg/m2. The prevalence of obesity by BMI was 69%, abdominal obesity for WC was 59. 1% while for WHR 61. 36 %. Waist circumference was found to have high positive correlation with BMI (r=0. 75) compared to waist to hip ratio (r=0. 40). Thus, waist circumference and waist hip ratio are easy methods of measuring fat distribution and can be used for the monitoring the development of metabolic syndrome in PCOS.

Women with PCOS remain at a high risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, risk being more in obese women. Monitoring of these may be done using the central fat indices, which are inexpensive and simple. The objective of the study was to evaluate the various central fat accumulation indices amongst the different polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes. Method: 100 women aged 18-40 year fulfilling Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis of PCOS were selected. Height, weight, waist circumference and lipid profile were measured and BMI, Lipid accumulation product and Visceral adiposity index were calculated. Body Fat Percentage was measured by the Body Fat Analyser using the bioelectrical impedance method. Data was analysed and conclusions drawn. Results: Women with hyperandrogenic PCOS [phenotypes A (HA+OD+PCO), B(HA+OD), C(HA+PCO)] (33. 3% of total) presented with raised central fat accumulation indices including BMI (mean:25. 04), BFA (mean: 29. 85), VAI (mean:182. 06) and LAP (mean:1802. 63), compared with women with non-hyperandrogenic PCOS [phenotype D (OD+PCO)] (67% of total); BMI (mean:20. 85), BFA (mean:22. 94), VAI (mean:128. 4) and LAP (mean:624. 19). Amongst women with hyperandrogenic PCOS, the central fat accumulation indices were maximally raised in phenotype A. Conclusion: Though all women with PCOS should be targeted for prevention, screening, and management of cardiometabolic features, women with hyperandrogenic PCOS should be monitored more closely since they tend to have raised central fat accumulation indices compared with non-hyperandrogenic PCOS.

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal conditions are the leading contributor to global healthcare expenditure and with an increase in ageing global population, this number is projected to rise further. OBJECTIVES: To determine the top 100 most-cited studies in field of musculoskeletal rehabilitation and to conduct their bibliometric analysis. DESIGN: Scopus was used for identification of studies, published in the field of musculoskeletal rehabilitation over last five decades. METHODS: Literature search was conducted in February 2021 with final Boolean search phrases being: [(musculoskeletal) and (rehabilitation) and (musculoskeletal rehabilitation)]. In addition to number of citations, data was also collected for other variables such as title of study, topic of discussion, subdivisions of clinical and applied science involved in conduction of study, study design, journal and its impact factor, year of publication, and country where study was conducted. RESULTS: The top 100 most-cited articles in musculoskeletal rehabilitation over the last 50 years were published between 1973 and 2015. Total number of citations was 24,366, with an average of 243.66 citations per paper. Highest citation was reported by a paper on treatment of low back pain by Waddell G. The decade of 2000–2009 contributed maximum articles with highest number of publications from journal “Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation”. Most of the publications were from United States and most common topic to feature among these articles was “Strength training”. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies the top 100 most-cited articles in musculoskeletal rehabilitation and provides insight into its historical trends while serving as a guide for future research.

Introduction Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest hematological malignancy in the West but is relatively uncommon in India. The prognosis of CLL is determined by well-established prognostic markers. CD49d has been emerging as a promising prognostic marker in CLL. CD49d expression in CLL has been found to have an aggressive clinical course, shorter time to first treatment, and poorer prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the flow cytometric expression of CD49d in newly diagnosed CLL and to correlate its expression with clinico-hematological parameters. Materials and Methods Twenty-five consecutive patients of CLL, diagnosed on flow cytometry, were included in the study. Patients on treatment or those with relapse were excluded. The panel for flow cytometry included the routine markers used for CLL diagnosis along with CD49d. The expression of CD49d was correlated with clinico-hematological parameters in all patients. “R” software was used for the statistical analysis. Fisher's exact test and Wilcox test were used to assess the correlation of CD49d to categorical and continuous data, respectively. Results The mean age of the patients was 62.6 ± 12.5 years, and 80% were symptomatic at diagnosis. CD49d expression was found in 44% cases, with a higher proportion being male patients. CD49d and prolymphocyte percentage showed a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.0007). We found a statistically significant correlation between CD49d expression and lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly with p-values of 0.033 and 0.0472, respectively. CD49d positivity correlated significantly with a higher Rai stage (p = 0.0196) and intermediate and high-risk cases according to Binet staging (p = 0.033). Conclusion CD49d expression in the present study correlated with a higher prolymphocyte percentage, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and higher Rai and Binet stages. CD49d expression on flow cytometry was reproducible and easy to interpret.

The advent of single-atom trapping in optical tweezers and experimental evolution in control, isolation, and manipulation of cold atoms allows us to manifest the few-body physics and its connection with the many-body systems. In cold atom experiments, the universality of few-body physics is majorly governed by the scattering length which makes it an important parameter in determining theoretically calculated loss rates. Here, we study the 3-body collisional dynamics for Cs atoms using the atom loss model described by Born-Markov approximation. Using the Cs atoms provides us the freedom to vary the scattering length, a, as a function of the magnetic field through Feshbach resonances. We investigate the three-, two-, and one-particle processes in the repulsive interactions regime at different values for a. We find that the probability of one atom remaining in the trap is maximum at B = 26 G corresponding to a = 402.382a0 and has the highest value amongst the probability of zero-, two-, and three-particle remaining in the trap at same magnetic field after the collision. Our findings leads to high fidelity single atom tweezers which have direct application in creating defect free arrays for quantum information processing purposes.

The moisture content of municipal solid waste (MSW) and local precipitation events lead to the leachate generation from MSW landfills. The high concentration of organic pollutants in landfill leachate makes it hazardous, requiring treatment before disposal into the environment. Landfill Leachate is most commonly treated by reverse osmosis (RO), which generates large volumes of wastewater termed as RO reject. This investigation aims to stabilize the RO reject through an inexpensive and effective bioremediation strategy. A bench-scale aerobic suspended growth reactor study was conducted using three commercial conversion agents, namely EM.1, Bokashi powder, and coir pith powder. Overall bench-scale efficacy of 63% was achieved in this study. The onsite studies were conducted in 7.5 kL artificial ponds with 46% efficacy amid atmospheric influences and constraints. In contrast, the control pond with no conversion agents showed an increase in pollution concentration over the 100 days of retention time. The findings revealed that the investigated technology had a marginally lower evaporation rate and performed relatively well compared to traditional solar evaporation ponds. Moreover, the technology can be easily scaled-up and readily applied for RO reject treatment in MSW landfills.

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to develop relationships between many major issues relevant to the agriculture supply chain.Design/methodology/approachWith the purpose of gaining an all-encompassing understanding of the agriculture supply chain, this work uses 233 filtered research articles and three bibliometric analysis tools, namely VOSviewer, term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and Person correlation. The collected research publications were also catalogued using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).FindingsUsing analytic techniques, a total of 12 keywords were obtained. The study found that agri-products are in dire need of digitisation via Internet of things (IoT) and blockchain due to the usage of economic variables and comprehensive management of total food waste throughout transportation, anchoring quality and the predominant variable.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) indexing in order to assess the viability of the linked idea and problem.Originality/valueThis study aims to generate vital knowledge in the field of horticulture-focused agriculture supply chain based on previous justification and relationship formation.

Faecal sludge (FS) or septage collected from an onsite containment system such as septic tanks, pit latrines, bio-digester etc., is handled in sewage treatment facilities with the help of a co-treatment unit or tackled individually at faecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs). Treatment of faecal sludge in FSTPs is a generally cumbersome, energy-intensive, and expensive process. Enhancing the size of the solid particle, dewatering, and disinfection are essential unit operations that contribute to a significant portion of the operational expenditure. Therefore, the present study took up the task of investigating and yielding a natural alternative to each of the above-delineated unit operations. Crushed seed powders of Moringa, Guilandina bonduc, Nirmali, Tamarind, Soap nut, Nutmeg, Jackfruit, and Custard apple seed powder experimented as natural coagulants. At the same time, a double-stitched cow dung-lined jute tube was utilized as the media for solid-liquid separation. Finally, Neem and Custard Apple seed and leaf powder were considered herbal disinfectants for the separated liquid and solid fractions, respectively. The findings of the physicochemical and biological analysis of the above unit operations were compared with a conventional polymer-based Geotube driven treatment scheme. The natural alternatives registered some promising outcomes. However, the combined treatment efficacy of 78.94% for pollutant removal and disinfection could not exceed the value of 99.01% offered by the conventional method. Moreover, herbal alternatives are scarce, expensive, and slow reacting. Therefore, the authors recommend further research to overcome the persisting issues with herbal alternatives for their field-scale adaptation.