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Background and Aim: A drawback of studies on bat blood smears in the field is the lack of time for fixation because blood sampling using a non-lethal method often provides less time for fixation in smear preparations due to the small volume of blood collected. Usually, there is insufficient blood for another smear preparation, so it is necessary to use blood smears as rationally as possible, especially for rare bats. Many stains are used for staining peripheral blood smears, and they have advantages and disadvantages. This study aimed to examine commonly used stains for blood smears to select the best stain for staining peripheral blood smears in bats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 blood smears of Rhinolophus spp. bats were examined using several blood staining methods. Four methods that showed the best results were used in further experiments: Romanowsky-Giemsa, Pappenheim, hematoxylin-eosin, and eosin methylene blue. Results: Comparative analysis of different methods for staining bat blood smears revealed that the most convenient method for analyzing blood cells is Pappenheim method. Conclusion: Staining blood smears using Pappenheim method yield the least number of unsuccessful blood smear stains and are quite effective for the morphological analysis of blood cells.

The water-based combination of two inorganic chemical compounds such as sodium tungstate dihydrate-Na2WO4 × 2H2O and Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate-Al2 (SO4) 3 × 18H2O that we have conditionally named ‘Vomifal’ has a broad antiviral activity in various DNA and RNA viruses, including Human Herpes Virus (HHV), African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), Vaccinia Virus (VV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), Influenza A virus (A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2)). In vitro and In vivo assays in several tissue cultures as well as in laboratory animals, conformed ‘Vomifal’ has a very low toxicity and the antiviral properties partially are due to its ability to induce gamma-IFN. Based on the results obtained, we can assume the presence of at least two mechanisms of the antiviral action of the studied drug. First or early stage - an unknown mechanism, possibly related to the effect on cellular receptors. Second or late stage – main antiviral properties probably associated with an interferonogenic effect.

Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection may cause hematological disorders. This pathology has been studied to a lesser extent compared to the respiratory system pathology. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the general pathology of red blood cells in coronavirus infection.MethodsIn current study 74 patients suffering from SARS-Cov-2 treated at the National Center of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health Armenia were included. Investigated patients were classified as: 1. Regular group (fever, respiratory symptoms and radiographic evidence of pneumonia). 2. Severe group – patients manifesting shortness of breath (over 30 breaths per minute); peripheral blood oxygen saturation below 92% in rest; pneumonia affecting over 50% of tissue; and/or respiratory failure and indicated mechanical ventilation support and/or organ failure requiring intensive care unit treatment. 3. Low saturation group with peripheral blood oxygen saturation below 85% in rest. 4. Erythroblastosis group with count of erythroblasts over 0.5% among total of nucleated blood cells. Clinical laboratory investigation included all main routine studies.Microspectrophotometry was performed on SMP-05 Opton scanning microspectrophotometer to measure the spectra of hemoglobin (Hb) in unstained erythrocytes. ResultsErythroblasts were common (present in about 30%) finding among SARS-Cov-2 patients but predominating mainly in the severe group. Serum ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as well as anisocytosis highly correlate with the severity of the disease. Microspectrophotometric studies showed significant changes of hemoglobin adsorption spectra in individual erythrocytes. However, in severe form of SARS-CoV-2, increase of hemoglobin absorbance occurred in within 420 nm wavelength spectrum compared with regular group.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the increased levels of ferritin, CRP, anisocytosis and partially increase in Hb adsorption on 420 nm wavelength may positively correlate with adverse outcomes in SARS-Cov-2 infection.