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BACKGROUND: Post-operative sorethroat(POST) following endotracheal intubation is a well-known complication, several methods have been tried to reduce this incidence. We are comparing the effects of nebulized ketamine & Magnesium Sulphate to reduce this. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the efcacy of nebulized ketamine and magnesium sulfate in reducing the incidence of POST. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining Ethical clearance and patient consent, 40 Patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were randomized in to two groups. Five minutes prior to the induction of anesthesia, patients were nebulized with Group K = 1 ml of ketamine [50 mg] +4 ml normal saline, Group M = 0.5 ml of Magnesium Sulphate [250 mg] +4.5 normal saline, and Group S – 5 ml normal saline. RESULTS: There is moderate signicant difference between both the groups at 0 hr. No signicant difference between two groups at 2,6,12 and 24 hrs. CONCLUSION: Ketamineand Magnesium sulfate reduce the incidence of POST, are almost similar in their effects.

Context: In day-to-day practice, subarachnoid block remains the most common type of anesthesia. Bupivacaine is commonly used local anesthetic of neuraxial blockade, though earlier 5% xylocaine and now ropivacaine and levobupivacaine are also used. Additives such as opioids and α2 agonists are also used. We are using neostigmine as an additive with bupivacaine to see the duration of postoperative analgesia. Aims: To compare the efficacy of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine with neostigmine when compared to hyperbaric bupivacaine with normal saline with regard to time of onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, time to two-segment regression. Settings and Design: Randomized, double-blinded study. Subjects and Methods: One hundred patients admitted for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries done under spinal anesthesia (SA) during the period of February 2015–August 2016. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were entered into Microsoft excel data sheet and analyzed using SPSS 22 version. Categorical data were represented in the form of frequencies and proportions. Chi-square was used as a test of significance. Continuous data were represented as a mean and standard deviation. Independent t-test was used as a test of significance to identify the mean difference between two groups. Results: Mean onset of sensory blockade with neostigmine group was 174.1 ± 107.1 s and in normal saline group 171 ± 35.6 s. Mean onset of motor blockade with neostigmine group was 197.4 ± 111.6 s and in normal saline group was 219.4 ± 73.2 s. Mean two-segment regression with neostigmine group was 110.6 ± 22.7 s and in normal saline group was 71.5 ± 17.1 min. Duration of analgesia with neostigmine group was 336.3 ± 54.5 min and in normal saline group was 188.8 ± 18.4 min. Conclusions: Intrathecal neostigmine is associated with significantly prolonged sensory, motor blockade, and effective postoperative analgesia.

American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status can provide a better grading outcome for predicting the incidence of intra- and postoperative complications in surgical patients 1 .Silverman-Holt aggregate preoperative evaluation (SHAPE™) score in which 1 to 5 severity score is assigned for each major organ system, based on information learned from the patient history and physical examination, overcomes limitations of ASA grading 2 .