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Water purity generally refers to a general description about the character of water. Lakes having good trait properties make it high economic resources for an ecosystem and nature as well. A comparative study of different Physio-chemical assessment of different water quality parameters of Manasbal Lake was studied. The study was carried out during the month of June 2019- to May 2020 and 8 randomly sampling was chosen. The measurements made by the CCME-WQI index of the is above 80, representing good quality. A total of 12 water quality parameters were selected namely PH, Turbidity, TDs, Conductivity, Chloride, Alkalinity, Hardness, Calcium Hardness, Nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and Free CO2 were analysed. All the parameters were analysed through standard analytical procedure. The present scenario of Manasbal Lake from ecological point of view has reached a critical stage, if not properly conserved it will likely deteriorate and in future will turn into highly eutrophic state.

The activation of caspases is central to apoptotic process in living systems. Defects in apoptosis have been implicated with carcinogenesis. Need to develop smart agents capable of inducing apoptosis in tumor cells is obvious. With this motive, diversity oriented synthesis of 1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-ol analogues was envisaged. The multi component Ugi reaction synthesized library of electronically diverse analogues was explored for cytotoxic propensity towards a panel of human cancer cell lines at 10 μM. The lead compounds exhibit a selective cytotoxicity towards HL-60 cells as compared to cell lines derived from solid tumors. Besides, their milder cytotoxic effect on non-cancerous cell lines reaffirm their selective action towards cancer cells only.The lead molecules were tested for their ability to target caspase-3, as a vital protease triggering apoptosis. The lead compounds were observed to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells around 10 μM concentration. The lead compounds exhibited various non-covalent supra type interactions with caspase-3 key residues around the active site. The binding ability of lead compounds with caspase-3 was studied via molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. MD simulations indicated the stability of compound-caspase-3 complex throughout the 50 ns simulation run. The stability and bio-availability of the lead compounds under physiological conditions was assessed by their interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as model protein. BSA interactions of lead compounds were studied by various bio-physical methods and further substantiated with in silico MD simulations.

The present study pertains to the study of ferroin-catalyzed Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillatory chemical reaction having catechol as an organic substrate in aqueous acid media at 30 ± 0.1 °C under stirred batch conditions. The above system shows oscillations within narrow range of concentration of initial reagents which was monitored potentiometrically in oxidation reduction mode. The system shows a long induction time and a good number of oscillations at 30 ± 0.1 °C. The temperature dependence of the above system was studied. Activation parameters have been calculated, and the results showed good agreement with Arrhenius equation. Thermosensitive polymer, Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAA), was synthesized by conventional method, and the polymer was characterized by different techniques. The catechol-based BZ system with ferroin as a catalyst was perturbed with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAA) monomer and the PNIPAA. Both NIPAA and PNIPAA affected mostly the induction time and number of oscillations. Comparative studies of catechol systems based on Ce(IV) and Mn(II) as metal catalysts were also carried out both in the presence and absence of NIPAA and PNIPAA to explore its oscillatory behavior.

The work presented in this paper deals with the comparative synthesis of diglycidyl ether-based tetrabromobisphenol-A(TBBPA) using both conventional and nonconventional methods in order to explore materials for better industrial applications with respect to effective yield, cost, and time consideration. The conventional method involved the polycondensation of TBBPA and epichlorohydrin in the presence of an alkali catalyst. The nonconventional routes adopted for the synthesis of the material involved ultrasonication, microwave irradiation, and UV light exposure. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of all the synthesized materials of the resin were found to be identical, and the X-ray diffraction analysis showed the material as amorphous. The mechanical studies of the resins revealed that all these resins synthesized by different methods are strong and possess high viscosity. Based on the overall thermal, rheological, and excellent hydrophobic properties, it can serve as an excellent flame retardant.

The study involves the dynamic evolution of the Briggs–Rauscher (BR) reaction in the presence of various surfactants—SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) as anionic, CTAB (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) as cationic and TritonX-100 [4-(1,1,3,3-(tetramethylbutyl) phenyl polyethylene glycol] as a neutral one in single as well as mixed mode conditions (SDS + TX-100 and CTAB + TX-100). The reaction has been monitored potentiometrically at 30 °C under CSTR conditions. These surfactants affect the reaction dynamics to an extent which depends on the nature and concentration of the surfactant and the formation of their self-assemblies. The experimental findings indicate that the oscillatory behavior of the BR reaction in the presence of surfactants is due to the efficacy of organized surfactant assemblies to selectively distribute the key species involved in the reaction, and their interaction with the counter ions in cases of ionic micelles. The study reveals that the evolution of oscillatory behavior is a characteristic feature of the surfactant.

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) show up in the postoperative period that happens inside 30 or 90 days of post-agent procedure on account of metallic embed addition. Infection has dependably been an element of human life and sepsis in present day surgery keeps on being a critical issue for medicinal services experts over the world. Objectives of the study: The main objective of the study is to find the SSI rate and to identify risk factors after cesarean section. Material and methods:The current study was conducted at Mayo Hospital Lahore during March 2017 to December 2017. The data include all those women who delivered baby through C-section. The data was collected on the basis of demographic factor and social factors of the patients. Results: A total of 200 patients are involved in this study. We can find that there is a significant relationship between SSI and types of anesthesia used for surgery. The position of the baby does not have any significant role in SSI. Conclusion:It is concluded that significant independent risk factors for SSI were as follows: higher BMI, increase in the amount of blood loss during surgery, breech baby presentation, intrathecal analgesia, spinal anesthesia, and the duration of hospital stay. The risk factors identified in this study are important in terms of the potential review of practice and subsequent reduction in SSI.

Temporal evolution of a new Mn(II) catalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) chemical oscillator with catechol (1.2-dihydroxybenzene) as organic substrate is reported within narrow range of concentrations of initial reagents at 30°C. After optimizing the oscillation parameters the system was perturbed with the antioxidants like ascorbic acid and inosine. It is found that ascorbic acid acts as co-substrate within certain concentration limit, whereas inosine acts as a quencher of oscillations. Addition of ascorbic acid to the BZ system decreases induction time thus acting synergistically to help the reaction to enter quickly into the oscillatory regime. A good linear dependence of induction time on the concentration of ascorbic acid (R2 = 0.9948) and inosine (R2 = 0.955) is reported. Inosine has been found to increase the induction time and quench the oscillations. It is mentioned that the magnitude of induction time decreases to a greater extent with ascorbic acid as compared to the magnitude of its increase with the same concentration of inosine. This is pointing to the fact that ascorbic acid is stronger antioxidant than inosine as depicted by their interaction with catechol-based BZ chemical oscillator. Temporal evolution of the BZ reaction with the injection of antioxidants at different stages of reaction is also reported.

Diazadithiafulvalenes act as excellent electron donors to arenediazonium salts. The diazadithiafulvalenium radical cations trap primary carbon radicals successfully. However, the diazadithiafulvalenium salts which form, undergo rapid ring fragmentation in contrast to their tetrathia counterparts.

The kinetics of coupling of carbon radicals with sulfur radical-cations in diazadithiafulvalenes is sensitive to the steric environment around sulfur. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Strong evidence supports the previously proposed mechanism of the radical-polar crossover reactions, and discounts a totally ionic mechanism. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

The kinetics of coupling of carbon radicals with sulfur radical-cations in diazadithiafulvalenes is sensitive to the steric environment around sulfur. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Trapping of secondary alkyl radicals with tetrathiafulvalenium tetrafluoroborate (TTF+·BF4−) leads to S-alkyltetrathiafulvalenium tetrafluoroborate salts; the solvolysis of such salts is critically dependent on the presence of appropriately sited neighbouring groups.