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BACKGROUND. There is enough evidence of the negative impact of excess weight on the formation and progression of res piratory pathology. Given the continuing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is relevant to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the clinical features of the novel coronavirus infection (NCI).AIM. To study the effect of BMI on the course of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection and the post-covid period.MATERIALS AND METHODS. AKTIV and AKTIV 2 are multicenter non-interventional real-world registers. The АКТИВ registry (n=6396) includes non-overlapping outpatient and inpatient arms with 6 visits in each. The АКТИВ 2 registry (n=2968) collected the data of hospitalized patients and included 3 visits. All subjects were divided into 3 groups: not overweight (n=2139), overweight (n=2931) and obese (n=2666).RESULTS. A higher BMI was significantly associated with a more severe course of the infection in the form of acute kidney injury (p=0.018), cytokine storm (pCONCLUSION. Overweight and/or obesity is a significant risk factor for severe course of the new coronavirus infection and the associated cardiovascular and kidney damage Overweight people and patients with the 1st and 2nd degree obesity tend to have a high risk of death of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both acute and post-covid periods. On top of that, in case of morbid obesity patients this tendency is statistically significant. Normalization of body weight is a strategic objective of modern medicine and can contribute to prevention of respiratory conditions, severe course and complications of the new coronavirus infection.

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency (17HSD3) is a rare autosomal recessive cause of 46, XY disorders of sex development resulting from HSD17B3 gene mutations, in which conversion of androstenedione to testosterone is impared. The clinical signs of 17HSD3 deficiency depend on the residual activity of the enzyme. The diagnosis of 17HSD3 deficiency is based on reduced testosterone/androstenedione ratio (T/AD < 0.8). Patients are usually assigned at birth and raise as female. If the diagnosis is made before puberty, gonadectomy is recommended, taking into account the risk of masculinization during the puberty and estrogen therapy initiation in this period. If the diagnosis of 17HSD3 deficiency is established during puberty, when virilization manifests, the therapeutic strategy is based on the results of comprehensive psychological testing and gender identity of a patient. In patients with more pronounced masculinization or diagnosis established shortly after birth, who are assigned at birth and raise as male, testosterone therapy is used to achieve a male phenotype. The 17HSD3 deficiency and virilization often result in a change of gender identity during puberty. The article presents a clinical case of 17-βhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency with late diagnosis due to parental will. The diagnostic approaches and management of the disease are also described.

Introduction. The wide prevalence of varicose veins of the lower extremities and relapses of this disease causes a frequent combination of this pathology with other surgical and traumatological diseases. The expediency of using simultaneous operations is manifested in their obvious economic advantages.Objective. To substantiate the expediency and effectiveness of simultaneous laser thermal obliteration of recurrent veins of the lower extremities and Baker’s cyst.Materials and methods. 9 patients with recurrent varicose veins and Baker’s cyst were operated on. Of these, there were 7 (77.8%) women and 2 (22.2%) men, the average age was 52.8 ± 0.2 years. The average duration of the incidence of varicose veins was 14.1 ± 0.3 years, Baker’s cyst – 3.5 ± 0.1 years. As planned, patients underwent simultaneous laser endovenous coagulation of recurrent veins and intracavitary thermal obliteration of Baker’s cyst.Results. There were no complications, the duration of operations was 40.3 ± 0.4 minutes. The intensity of the pain syndrome in 6–8 hours after surgery was 4.1 ± 0.2 points. On the 10th day, no pain was observed in any patient. The duration of pain was 7.8 ± 0.4 days. Long-term results were studied 12–16 months after completion of treatment in 9 (100%) patients. Recurrent varicose veins were not detected. In 8 (88.9%) patients, complete obliteration of Baker’s cyst was established.Conclusions. Reliable obliteration of Baker’s cyst and recurrent varicose veins, 100% technical success, disappearance of clinical symptoms of this pathology, absence of relapses of both diseases in 8 (88.9%) patients after 12-16 months indicates high efficiency and indisputable prospects of such an approach to the treatment of this category of patients. However, the study is based on a small number of observations, so further accumulation of experience is required to generalize the results of the study.

The problem of nutrition during pregnancy is relevant all over the world because of globalization. Globalization has brought fast food, sweets and improper nutrition. As a result of such nutrition, hunger is quenched, and saturation of the body with the necessary nutrients does not occur. As a result, the number of meals and their volumes increase, which leads to a vicious circle. Mom gains weight, and the fetus suffers even more: receiving a signal about insufficient intake of nutrients, it activates the genes for storing these nutrients and becomes obese after birth. Therefore, starting from the early stages of pregnancy, it is necessary to evaluate the eating behavior of a pregnant woman and make recommendations for its correction. The necessity and importance of nutritional support for gestation, adequate preparation for pregnancy is undeniable.

The article provides a brief review of the etiopathogenetic aspects of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome with an emphasis on genotype-phenotypic correlations, and highlights approaches to ventilatory support. Based on the data of the local register, the experience of Almazov National Medical Research Centre is summarised. A systematic multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and rehabilitation of children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome that has been implemented provides the most favorable results in preserving neurological and intellectual potential and quality of life.

The study hypothesizes that the concept of sustainable development can be a central model for organizing the activities of universities to implement measures to improve social and environmental social development. The paper attempts to systematize the accumulated foreign experience on the activities within the framework of achieving the UNO Sustainable Development Goals. As a result, three models have been highlighted, which makes it possible to classify all the social and environmental activities carried out by the best universities in the world in order to implement the best of them in the activities of Russian universities to increase their competitiveness. The hypothesis of this study is that the concept of sustainable development can be a central model for organizing the activities of universities for the implementation measures to improve social and environmental community development. The subject of the study is sustainable development strategies. The object of the study is the leading foreign universities. The methods of scientific cognition used in this study are as follows: dialectical and retrospective analyses, induction and deduction, comparative analysis, summaries and groupings.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for low-traumatic fractures. On the other hand, hypoglycemic drugs can have both positive and negative effects on bone remodeling.THE AIM: Тo investigate bone metabolism parameters during surgical menopause and experimental DM under the treatment with glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist type 1 (arGLP-1) liraglutide (LIRA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor (iSGLT-2) canagliflozin (CANA).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female Wistar rats have been subjected to bilateral ovariectomy at the beginning of the experiment. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was modelled using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin+nicotinamide. Four weeks after the following groups were formed: “OE+DM” (females after ovariectomy with DM and without any therapy, n=4) «OE+DM+CANA» (females after ovariectomy with DM under treatment with CANA, n=4), «OE+DM+LIRA» (females after ovariectomy with DM under treatment LIRA, n=5). The treatment or observation period were continuing for 8 weeks. Calcium, phosphorus and bone turnover markers (fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), osteocalcin, sclerostin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), nuclear factor-kappa-B receptor activator ligand (RANKL), were measured in the end of experiment. Bone histomorphometry was performed after euthanasia.RESULTS: Treatment with both CANA and LIRA did not significantly affect the phosphorus-calcium metabolism, sclerostin and osteocalcin concentrations. At the same time, the level of OPG was the highest in «OE+DM ‘’ group (9.1 [7.81; 10.045] pmol/l). The differences were significant compared with «OE+DM+CANA’’ (2, 33 [1.84; 5.84] pmol/l, p = 0.003) and «OE+DM+LIRA» (1.7 [1; 2] pmol/l, p = 0.003) groups. There were no differences in OPG levels between animals treated with different drugs. Similarly, the OPG/RANKL ratio was similarly reduced with both types of treatment. In “OE+DM+CANA’’ group the bone trabeculae number of the femur epiphysis (p=0.042) were decreased in comparison to «OE+DM» group. LIRA did not change the histoarchitectonic parameters.CONCLUSION: Bone metabolism markers did not differ when using as canagliflozin as liraglutide. Besides, canagliflosin can lead to the activation of bone resorption, which is expressed in the femur epiphyseal trabeculae number decreasing.

Objective. The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for monitoring forest fire zones, carried out by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).Method. The study is based on methods of algorithmic support, methods of analysis and synthesis of automated control systems for technological objects.Result. The technologies and methods for monitoring forest fires are considered, which confirms the relevance of the use of UAVs to perform these tasks. An algorithm for the use of UAV swarms for monitoring forest fire zones is presented. The algorithm includes enlarged stages of decomposition of the global problem, distribution of tasks, application of methods of collective decision-making, etc.Conclusion. The proposed algorithm can be implemented subject to the development of swarm control theory.

Relevance. In the 21st century, humanity is faced with a pandemic unprecedented in recent history, which brought with it huge losses. All the efforts of world science are aimed at ensuring that the new coronavirus infection becomes vaccine-controlled. The Ministry of Health of Russia included vaccination against COVID-19 in the national calendar of preventive vaccinations. The most vulnerable and significant in the epidemiological chain are representatives of socially active, intensively communicating professions, including medical workers.Aims. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of severity of the post-vaccination immune response in employees of a medical organization vaccinated with the Gam-COVID-Vac preparation, who had not been ill and did not have antibodies before vaccination.Materials & Methods. The post-vaccination immunity of 80 vaccinated employees was assessed 42–62 days after the start of vaccination and 6 months later; assessment of the safety of vaccination with the Gam-Kovid-Vak vector vaccine; selection of optimal screening tests for laboratory examination of persons before the planned vaccination. The results of the PCR test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (at the post-vaccination stage four times with an interval of 7 days) and the determination of M and G immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2 by the ELISA method were analyzed, postvaccination complications and reactions were assessed at different stages, monitoring the state of health and assessing the dynamics of the post-vaccination immune response.Results. A study conducted after 6 weeks showed the high immunological efficacy of the Gam-Covid-Vac vaccine; 100% of those vaccinated with one or two components of the vaccine had class G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination did not cause severe reactions during the observation period; among the side effects, general complaints and local pains at the injection site prevailed, which were of a short-term nature and did not have a significant impact on the health status and habitual rhythm of life of the participants. The resistance of those vaccinated to a new coronavirus infection decreased over time and amounted to 97.1% three months after vaccination and 95.6% after 6 months. COVID-19 disease in vaccinated employees (7.4% of cases of the number of vaccinated) was of moderate severity, did not lead to the development of pneumonia and respiratory failure, and did not require hospitalization.Conclusions. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 is quite high. Revaccination is well tolerated clinically and «amplifies» the immune response when exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Immunization of employees of medical organizations is necessary, because. this focus group is the most epidemiologically potentially dangerous in terms of the spread of infection.

Introduction. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of death even in hospitalized patients. The standard treatment results are disappointing. Since 2004, we have tested a new method for the treatment of hemodynamically insignificant PE (own patent RU2224525C1) by using unfractionated heparin (UFH) in ultrasound inhalations with a nebulizer, since 2014 – in combination with apixaban. Aim. To improve the treatment of PE. Materials and methods. The hospital mortality rate of 713 patients of the cardiac intensive care unit with hemodynamically insignificant PE (from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2017) was studied. Since 2004, patients have received ultrasound UFH (5000 units twice a day). Since 2014, nebulased UFH has been supplemented with the use of apixaban (10 mg twice a day for 7 days and 5 mg twice a day thereafter). Results and discussion. There is a distinct tendency to the PE hospital mortality decrease, coinciding with the nebulased UFH use (illustrated by a diagram). Neither the systemic bleeding nor the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia were observed. Clinical cases show first reduction of perfusion disorders are seeing scintigraphicaly in 7 days. Unlike LMWH UFH is recommended in severe kidney damage and obesity, thus ultrasound technique has advantages in such patients. Conclusions. Nebulased UFH is an available, simple, safe and effective in treatmtnt of hemodynamically insignificant PE, especially with the use of apixaban. A real improvement in lung perfusion takes 1 week, as shown scintigraphically.

In 2022, there was an increase in the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in the subjects of the Russian Federation, federal districts and the country as a whole. At the same time, among people affected by ixodid ticks, the proportion of clinical forms of the diseases has increased. The aim of this study is to analyze the possible causes of the simultaneous increase in the incidence of vector-borne infections and the proportion of clinical forms among the people bitten by the ticks, using the materials on Krasnoyarsk Territory as an example. Materials and methods. We analyzed the incidence of TBE and ITBB among the people who have or haven’t had COVID‑19, the number of people affected by tick bites in 2021–2022 in Krasnoyarsk Territory. Statistical analysis is performed by standard methods of variational statistics using Excel. Results and discussion. It is shown that in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, with a decrease in the number of individuals affected by tick bites in 2022 as compared to 2021 (12216 and 13214, respectively), there was an increase in the number of cases of TBE (from 124 to 250) and ITBB (from 115 to 224), as well as the proportion of people who had clinical forms of the infections after tick bites. Among three possible explanations of the observed pattern, a decrease in the immune status of Krasnoyarsk residents who had had COVID‑19 before the contact with ticks is considered as the most likely one. Using statistical methods it was substantiated that among people with TBE and ITBB, the proportion of individuals who have had COVID‑19 is significantly higher than expected, based on the actual incidence of the Krasnoyarsk Territory population with a new coronavirus infection. Thus, COVID‑19 affects the incidence of vector-borne infections indirectly, through a change in the number of people contacts with natural stations, and directly, by changing the immune status.

Rapidly progressive dementias are a rare group of cognitive disorders that primarily require the exclusion of a large number of potentially reversible causes. Prion diseases are frequent in this group of disorders. Some hereditary forms of Alzheimer's disease can also be aggressive, with onset at a young age and autosomal dominant inheritance in the family. The article presents the first case report of a patient with a verified Ile143Thr mutation in the PSEN1 gene in a Russian family with a phenotype similar to the hereditary form of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. The specific features of the disease, diagnostic methods, and possible pathogenesis of the development are discussed.

Purpose: to study the level of LAG-3 expression on B-lymphocytes and the feasibility of using it as a marker for predicting response to therapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).Material and Methods. The study included 40 patients with newly diagnosed CLL. All patients were divided into two groups: group I: patients with Binet stage A, who did not receive therapy and group II: patients with Binet stage C, who received immunochemotherapy in RB and FCR regimes. According to the treatment regimen and hematological response to therapy, 4 subgroups were distinguished: IIA-RB, IIA-FCR, IIB-RB, and IIB-FCR. The control group consisted of 20 people matched in age and gender without cancer. The immunophenotype, level of B-lymphocytes, LAG-3 expression, and the minimal residual disease in group II after the 6th course of immunochemotherapy were initially determined in all groups by flow cytometry. The data were evaluated using Statistica 13.0.Results. Compared to the control group, the LAG-3 expression on B-lymphocytes was found in all groups of CLL patients before treatment. The expression level was higher in patients with Binet stage C than in patients with Binet stage. The data demonstrated differences in the level of LAG-3 expression in patients with different hematological responses to therapy. The initially higher level of LAG-3 expression on B-lymphocytes was observed in patients with Binet stage C CLL with an unfavorable response to therapy. A good hematological response was found can be achieved at the level of LAG-3 expression within 14.57 ± 0.66 % regardless of the therapy regimen, and unfavorable response to therapy at the level of 41.95 ± 1.62 %.Conclusion. The initial level of LAG-3 expression on B-lymphocytes in patients with CLL can be used as a marker for predicting and monitoring response to treatment, regardless of the immunochemotherapy regimen used.

The article reflects the main provisions of the clinical guidelines on septic shock in obstetrics, approved by the All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists-Resuscitators” in 2022. The relevance of the problem is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates from sepsis and septic shock in obstetrics. The main issues of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, methods of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, features of using the qSOFA, SOFA, MOEWS, SOS, MEWC, IMEWS scales for sepsis verification are consistently presented. The article presents the starting intensive therapy (the first 6–12 hours) of the treatment of septic shock in obstetrics, taking into account the characteristics of the pregnant woman's body. The strategy of prescribing vasopressors (norepinephrine, phenylephrine, epinephrine), inotropic drugs (dobutamine) is described, antibiotics and optimal antibiotic therapy regimens, features of infusion and adjuvant therapy are presented. The issues of surgical treatment of the focus of infection and indications for hysterectomy, as well as the organization of medical care and rehabilitation of patients with sepsis and septic shock were discussed. The basic principles of prevention of sepsis and septic shock in obstetrics are described. The criteria for the quality of medical care for patients with septic shock and the algorithms of doctor's actions in the diagnosis and intensive care of patients with septic shock in obstetrics are presented.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the process of adaptation of the primary land market management system to the conditions of digital transformation. The article presents the characteristics of electronic systems for the promotion and sale of land plots in the primary land market in the Penza region: sale of ownership and lease rights at auction and without bidding, free provision, privatization and formation of investment sites. Methods of comparative visual analysis and SWOT analysis were used. The conducted SWOT analysis showed that at the present stage of digital transformation, the management system of the primary land market in the Penza region has both strengths and weaknesses, which allows optimizing the vector of development of the digitalization of the land market. The results of the study will be useful for familiarization with territorial administration bodies, as well as the scientific community to identify trends in the digitalization of the land market.

Rhupus is a rare combination of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis, one of the characteristic features of which is the development of erosive polyarthritis on the background of the main immunological signs of SLE. The article presents a clinical observation in which, along with the typical immunological picture of SLE, the patient was diagnosed with erosive polyarthritis with “swan neck” type deformities of the hand joints, which required administration of anti-B-cell therapy.

Brucellosis is the most common and severe infectious disease in the group of zoonotic infections. This disease is characterized by a multisysitemic lesion. The difficulties in diagnosing this disease are associated with the pathogenetic features of the development of brucellosis, namely prolonged bacteremia, which causes the development of secondary foci of infection in various organs and tissues, manifested by a variety of clinical manifestations, the erasure of symptoms of the disease, as well as the appearance of rare clinical forms of brucellosis.One of the rare clinical manifestations of chronic brucellosis is the defeat of the cardiovascular system and the defeat of the nervous system. According to the latest literature data, cardiovascular complications of brucellosis in humans account for only 3%, but are the main cause of death in 80%. Damage to the nervous system is rare, with a registered frequency of 3% to 13%.Clinical manifestations of neurobrucellosis are diverse and can mimic many other neurological diseases. The most common manifestations of brucellosis may be meningitis, meningoencephalitis. Despite the rare occurrence, these forms of the disease are severe, lead to disability and mortality with late diagnosis. The article presents clinical cases of brucellosis with lesions of the heart and central nervous system.

The analysis of ore samples taken from wells drilled on the Eastern flank of the Oktyabrskoye deposit was carried out. In the vein-disseminated sulfide copper-nickel ores of the deposit, three types of mineralization are distinguished, which clearly differ from each other: interstitial-teardrop-like, interstitial, tear-shaped-interstitial. A sample of each type of ore was examined by 3D tomography and analyzed using fractal theory. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the relationship between the fractal dimensions of ore minerals and the dynamics of the formation of various types of ores. The pattern of changes in the intensity of mineralization from the thickness of the layers is established. The results obtained may be of great importance in relation to the technology of enrichment of new types of ores from the flanks of the deposit, and also be an additional criterion for identifying in disseminated ores zones with the highest intensity of ore mineralization during prospecting and exploration in the Norilsk ore region.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years we have observed various consequences of systemic hyperinflammation associated with COVID-19, including pericardium and pleura involvement. From 2020 to 2022 an increase in the incidence of effusion into the pleural and pericardial cavities was noted in the numerous of breast MRI studies, which could potentially be associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.OBJECTIVE: To objectify this impression a comparative study was planned, which aimed to analyze the occurrence of pleural and pericardial effusion in groups of patients in 2022 compared with a matched group in 2019 and to describe the structures of the identified changes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Тhe database of breast MRI studies during 2019 and 2022 was processed, data from 220 women were selected, indicating as a complaint for breast pain at a mammologist’s appointment and COVID-19 transferred in the group 2022. The telephone questionnaire of the 2022nd year patients were conducted about the presence of common symptoms of inflammation. Statistic: Statistical analysis was carried out using the program Statistica 13.5.0.17 TIBCO Inc. Quantitative parameters are presented as median, 5th-95th percentiles. A 2-tailed t-test was used to compare quantitative parameters. Binary data correlations were carried out using a contingency table. RESULTS: Age included 46 [33–66] years old. MRI was performed 105 [21–198] days after COVID-19. In the 2022 group, at the time of survey, 36% had general inflammatory symptoms in addition to chest pain. In 2022 vs 2019 increase the chance of encountering a pleural effusion (OR 5 [3–8]), the volume of effusion (5 [2–11] mm vs 2 [2–5] mm), incidence of pericardial (OR 31 [11–89]) and combined effusion (OR 11 [4–28]). The detection and the size of effusion of any localization didn’t correlate with age. Patients with breast implants during the pandemic years turned to a mammologist after 29 [8–44] months, before the pandemic — after 40 [19–56] months after surgery and tended to more frequent detection of effusion of all localizations and an increase in the volume of seromas. In the majority of MRI protocols, the effusion was not described.DISCUSSION: Our study will help to increase the doctors literacy about the frequency and manifestations of serositis associated with COVID-19 in a group of young, non-comorbid women who had a mild infection on an outpatient basis. The barriers to describing a small effusion on an MRI are its probability in physiological conditions, the absence of specific symptoms at the patient and none request from the attending physician. Considering the possibility that effusion into serous cavities may be a sign of pathology that led to chest pain will allow diagnosticians to describe it even with a small amount and will give the attending physician a support for a differential diagnosis. Findings in patients with breast implants confirm the connection of changes with an infectious trigger, and that there is some initial tension of the immune system, which, with additional external provocation, results in a brighter response.CONCLUSIONS: Effusion into the pleural cavity or pericardium is a common finding in patients who have undergone COVID19, which may reflect systemic inflammatory syndrome and cause chest pain.

Nowadays there are many non-functioning spacecraft in orbit that have run out of fuel, or have failed due to breakdown. Therefore, the concept of a serviced space and the development of space manipulation robot for extending the spacecraft service life are becoming expedient. Space manipulation robot will be able to perform a variety of tasks, from inspecting malfunctions of a serviced spacecraft, to performing repairs and refueling the target vehicle. The article proposes a strategy and algorithms for the guidance and motion control of a space manipulation robot at the stage of rendezvous with a non-cooperative spacecraft to perform maintenance tasks. The purpose of the article is to synthesize the control of the translational and rotational motion of the space manipulation robot for its convergence with the target satellite at a given distance. The control system is presented in the form of a hierarchical two-level "guidance-stabilization" system. At the guidance level, a transition quaternion of the associated coordinate system to the required position is formed, as well as thrust engine control, which ensures the translational motion of the space manipulation robot at the required velocity. At the stabilization level, a control is formed that superpose the associated coordinate system of the space manipulation robot with the direction to the served satellite. The article proposes a scheme and a mathematical model of the propulsion system, angular and translational motion of the service satellite. The modeling of the developed guidance and motion control algorithms in the SIMULINK environment has been carried out.

The article presents fresh biological dropping of caged chickens in crop production. After a thorough study of its environmental friendliness to the environment, this new biological dropping will reduce the cost of poultry farms for the disposal of dropping and use for more efficient cultivation of crops on marginal lands. The experiment used a high dose of organic matter - 120 t/ha, applied by spreading (control - without fertilisers). Sequencing of the metagenomes of soil samples showed that the soil microbiome’s phylogenetic composition was preserved due to the introduction of bacterial-fermented probiotic dropping.The authors also note that its taxonomic structure and functionality changed due to increased bacteria (with the different activity of taxa). Thus, the authors report an increase in the abundance of bacteria in the 1st sampling period from 6.9•107 to 1.3•108 copies/g of the soil of the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria in the plough horizon, and after 30 days - from 1.6•107 to 1.3×108 copies/g. For these purposes, opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms in the fertilised soil found in all soil samples were also studied. A higher proportion of enterobacteria was noted in the control sample (0.6%), and with dropping, it did not exceed 0.15%. The content of pathogenic bacteria on a fertilised background in the 1st period of soil sampling practically did not change (0.7–0.8%), but in the 2nd period, it decreased sharply (from 2.5 to 1.1%). However, the authors note a decrease in the content of pathogenic bacteria. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in their abundance (from 3.9•105 to 1.4•106 copies/g), mainly Pseudomonas sp bacteria (from 2.1•105 to 9.3•105 copies/g), which is a consequence of a general increase in the abundance of bacteria in the microbiome against the background of enrichment of the soil with organic matter and an increase in soil fertility. The authors did not reveal a significant negative microbiological effect after the action of fresh biological chicken dropping on the soil’s ecological state at the specified research stage.

A registry of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) of the Russian Federation has been compiled annually since 2011. Analysis of the national registry with large amounts of clinical and laboratory data helps understand changes in demographic indicators, plan measures to improve the quality of medical care and evaluate their effectiveness.Aim. To analyze health status of patients with cystic fibrosis in the Russian Federation and the dynamics of key clinical and laboratory parameters from 2011 to 2021. Methods. The health status of CF patients was assessed using the registry data from 2011 to 2021.Results. The analysis revealed an increase in the total number of patients from 1,026% in 2011 to 3,969 in 2021, in the number of patients identified by neonatal screening from 28.8% to 53.5%, and in coverage by genetic testing from 91.8 to 93.6%. At the same time, the number of mutations detected dropped from 80 to 90.5% and the number of patients with unidentified mutations decreased from 9.5 to 3.2%. The mean age at diagnosis of cystic fibrosis did not change (3.3 ± 5.5 in 2011 and 3.1 ± 6.2 in 2021) despite an increase in the number of patients diagnosed through neonatal screening. There was a difference in M ± SD age from 2011 to 2021 (11.5 ± 8.9 in 2011 and 14 ± 9.8 in 2021). The proportion of adult patients was 24.95% in 2011 and 27.4% in 2021. The therapy changed over 11 years - the number of courses of intravenous therapy decreased from 70.9 to 36.4%, the number of patients using inhaled antipseudomonal therapy expanded to 45%, the number of patients using hypertonic sodium chloride solution expanded from 8.7 to 70.7%, the use of glucocorticoids decreased. The targeted therapy was introduced in 2018, and the number of patients receiving pathogenetic drugs is growing.Conclusion. The observed changes are indicative of the health status of Russian patients with cystic fibrosis. Analysis of registries helps improve the organization of medical care, predict and implement sanitary and epidemic measures, plan therapy, and assist the regions in organizing outpatient monitoring and microbiological control. The registry is analyzed to organize health care for adult patients.

Creation of price in road freight transport in Central Europe has undergone significant changes in the last 30 years. Transporters in regulated economy used mandatory tariffs, after the liberalisation of the market they were subsequently not prepared for their own price creation. Price calculation has gone through several stages of development. At present, there are existing cost calculations that are based on the division of costs into variable and fixed ones. After the accession of Central European countries to the European Union, competition in this sector has increased significantly. When calculating the price for transport, transporters use a coefficient of exploitation of journeys, which adjust the costs associated with the transport so that the costs also take into account the journey with the vehicle, which the transporter must carry out without the shipment.The aim of this paper is to prove that from the point of view of the competitiveness of price creation it is not economically correct to use the coefficient of exploitation of journeys as a constant coefficient. The authors prove in the article that the value of the coefficient depends not only on the route of consignment transport but also on the time of transport realisation.

The development of the infrastructure of transport interchange hubs is currently necessary to meet the growing demand for passenger services and to prevent infrastructural constraints on technological modernisation of entire transport system. Large-scale infrastructure projects are of a pronounced complex nature, involving many related industries in their sphere, which ultimately leads to an additional increase in GDP. A modern transport interchange hub is a public and business centre that ensures the quality of services, safety, technological reliability and creates an active business environment based on development of passenger infrastructure. Considering the latest global trends in the field of passenger transportation that englobe multimodality, speed, comfort and safety of passenger transportation, there is a pronounced need to develop modern transport interchange hubs.Minimisation of passenger transfer time between interacting modes of transport at TIH can be achieved by coordinating contact timetables of different modes of transport. To do this, it is necessary first, to solve the problem of determining the optimal mode of interaction between ground urban passenger and rail transport.The objective of the study described in the article is to determine the mode of supply of the units of ground urban passenger transport, which ensures the minimum time for a passenger to stay at TIH in accordance with the timetable of electric trains regarding the considered TIH. To reduce the dimension of the problem, it is assumed that all electric trains will have the same composition.The methods of scheduling theory were used to solve the problem in the context of the study that resulted in a formalised problem of determining the optimal mode of interaction between ground urban passenger transport in transport interchange hubs illustrated by the example of interaction of rail and urban road transport and considering all existing constraints.

The changes of epicardial adipose tissue’s (EAT) morphofunctional characteristics represent an important factor of cardiometabolic impairments development. However, factor data determining the severity of EAT adipocytes’ hypertrophy in patients with coronary atherosclerosis are absent in literature.Aim: To compare the size of the EAT adipocyte and the percentage of hypertrophied adipocytes with the parameters of glucose/insulin metabolism, blood lipid transport function, adipokines’ profile and serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); to establish statistically significant determinants of a pronou ced degree of EAT adipocytes’ hypertrophy.Material and Methods. The study included 42 patients (m/f 28/14) aged 53–72 y.o. with CAD, who underwent CABG. The material for the study was EAT adipocytes obtained by the enzymatic method from intraoperative explants. The basal blood levels of glycemia, insulinemia, C-peptide, blood lipid transport function, adipokines and hsCRP were determined. The median indicators of the size of EAT adipocytes and the proportion of EAT adipocytes over 100 μm were 87.32 μm and 14.64%, respectively. The total sample of patients was divided into two groups: gr. 1 with an average size of EAT adipocytes less than or equal to 87.32 μm and gr. 2 with an average size of EAT adipocytes more than 87.32 μm. Gr. 2 had higher body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, triglycerides, hsCRP, and lower adiponectin levels, while the median proportion of hypertrophied adipocytes was three times higher than in group 1. A model of multiple logistic regression was constructed, according to which statistically significant determinants of the pronounced EAT adipocytes’ hypertrophy are represented by the decreased level of adiponectin, and increased concentrations of hsCRP and C-peptide, which reflects the biosynthesis and secretion of insulin. The predictive accuracy of the model was 82%, sensitivity 85%, specificity 79%, AUC = 0.89.Conclusion. Our results indicate a close correlation between the development of EAT adipocytes hypertrophy, impaired production of adiponectin, insulin, and inflammation processes. Concentrations of adiponectin, hsCRP, and basal C-peptide in the blood are biomarkers that accurately determine the presence of EAT adipocyte hypertrophy.

The adrenal gland is one of the first organs to respond to external influences. Cortisol, with its important properties affecting the immune system, proliferation and apoptosis in various tissues, is a significant indicator of such a pathological process as malignant growth. Selenium is a powerful antioxidant having an immunomodulatory action and exhibiting anticarcinogenic effects. In this paper, we investigate adrenal morphofunctional changes under experimental carcinogenesis against the background of urethane and selenium administration by determining blood cortisol concentrations and studying the aggregate morphometric index of adrenal glands. The study revealed that carcinogen introduction imitates the adaptation syndrome stages in the organism and is accompanied by changes in the cortisol level and aggregate morphometric index. Maximal values of the studied parameters were detected after 1 month of exposure to carcinogen, which indicated the development of the alarm phase. A further decrease in the indices after 2 and 3 months down to the intact level indicates the development of the resistance stage. A sharp decrease in the indices after 6 months shows the exhaustion stage. An isolated course introduction of selenium leads to a reliable decrease in the aggregate morphometric index practically in all terms that indicates the stress-relieving influence of the microelement. The combined effects of selenium and carcinogen revealed a dropout of the alarm stage, but rapid elimination of the micronutrient from the body could not prevent the development of the exhaustion phase after 6 months.

Excessive use of the Internet in adolescents is often accompanied by a violation of their psychoemotional state, often in combination with other comorbid psychosomatic disorders and a high risk of their transformation into chronic types of pathology, which indicates the relevance of this problem. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the features of psycho-emotional characteristics of teenagers in Khakassia with different online behavior. Materials and methods. In the period from April to October 2021, random samples of students from 3 schools in the city of Abakan were examined in the amount of 393 people (46.3% boys and 53.7% girls) aged 12-18 years (average age 14.5±1, 3). The type of online behavior was verified by the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) by the value of the total CIAS score. The level of distress, depression, anxiety and somatization was determined according to the 4DSQ questionnaire, personal and reactive anxiety — according to the questionnaire of Ch.D. Spielberger — Yu.L. Khanin. The indicators were analyzed in 3 groups of adolescents: with adaptive Internet use (AIU), non-adaptive Internet use (NIU) and pathological Internet use (РIU). The data were processed in the program «Statistica 12».Results. According to the study, it was found that AIU is typical for 53.2% of adolescents in Abakan, NIU — for 32.8% and Internet addict (РIU) — for 14.0%. The structure of psycho-emotional status disorders includes the presence of low levels of distress (76.8%), depression (75.8%), anxiety (85.2%) and somatization (81.7%) in the examined adolescents; moderately elevated levels of distress (16.0%), depression (12.5%), anxiety (6.9%) and somatization (16.0%); high levels of distress (7.1%), depression (11.7%), anxiety (7.9%) and somatization (2.3%). Psycho-emotional state disorders of adolescents are associated with the peculiarities of their online behavior. PIU and NIU are associated with a higher incidence of high levels of distress, depression, anxiety and somatization, a higher level of personal and reactive anxiety. Conclusion. Assessing the prospects for using the obtained results, we came to the conclusion that it is expedient to assess the psycho-emotional state and correct its disorders in adolescents with maladaptive network behavior in order to reduce the risk of developing psychosomatic disorders in this group.

The perennial grass cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a valuable early highly nutritious crop used as green fodder in agricultural production. The species is widespread across the Eurasian continent; it is characterized by plasticity and high ecological and geographical variability. The article considers the metabolic profiles of 15 accessions of the cocksfoot from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). The material is represented by varieties and wild forms of various origin: the European part of the Russian Federation, Norway and Finland. The study was carried out using gas-liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The study and comparison of groups of metabolites of cocksfoot accessions of various ecological and geographical origin was carried out. Statistical processing included the calculation of the main parameters of variability, factor analysis of the correlation system (Qand R-technique), cluster analysis by Ward’s method and discriminant analysis. The variability of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the substances identified was revealed. Based on statistical processing of the results obtained, five groups of cocksfoot accessions were identified, differing in the profile of metabolites. One of the groups with a similar composition of metabolites consisted of accessions from one ecological and geographical region; another, of accessions of different origin. Significant differences were noted in the metabolomic profiles of a late-maturing wild cocksfoot accession from the Republic of Karelia at the booting stage from earlyand mid-maturing accessions at the heading stage; it contained the largest number of free amino acids and the smallest number of identified primary and secondary metabolites. Wild-growing accession k-44020 from Norway surpassed other wild-growing accessions in the content of free amino acids, sugars and phosphates at the heading stage. Wildgrowing accessions differed from breeding varieties with a high content of proline and threonine, indicators of high resistance to lack of moisture and high air temperature.

The review presents information about the basic knowledge about the regulation of blood flow in the retina, based on data obtained in animal experiments using invasive methods. Along with the well-known instrumental methods for diagnosing vascular pathology of the eye, new high-tech methods for studying the microcirculation of the eye are used, which make it possible to most reliably assess the degree of circulatory disorders in the vessels of the eyeball. Thanks to the development of non-invasive ultrasound research methods, it became possible to study in more detail the state of blood flow in the vessels of the eyeball in people with vascular pathology of the eye. An important feature of the eye hemodynamics is its dependence on intraocular pressure and the presence of self-regulation of blood flow in the retina, including changes in the illumination of the retina, blood pressure, and so on. The blood supply to the eye can also be affected by pharmacological agents that are commonly used in the treatment of systemic diseases.

The purpose of the research is to test different dehelminthization schemes of laboratory rats infected with cestodes Rodentolepis nana and nematodes Syphacia muris and evaluate the significance of combined environment disinfection measures. The practical experience of eradication (helminth eradication) in animals in a conventional vivarium was described.Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of anthelmintics and administration schemes against cestode and nematode infections in laboratory rats. In the first experiment, praziquantel was used at a dose of 10 mg/kg to treat rats infected with R. nana. In the second experiment, the comparative efficacy of fenbendazole, albendazole, and pyrantel was evaluated against syphaciosis at the recommended dosages of 20, 10, and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively. Each drug was given orally, individually, twice with an interval of 7 days. The third experiment tested different schemes for treating syphaciosis with fenbendazole. One group of rats was given the drug orally individually using an esophageal tube at a dose of 20 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days. Other groups were given fenbendazole daily with food for 7 days (150 mg fenbendazole per 1 kg of food). In all three experiments, all animals were divided into groups, and their cells underwent a complex of additional disinfection measures, and those kept in cages without disinfection.Results and discussion. Praziquantel showed 100% efficacy at a single dose of 10 mg/kg in R. nana therapy. In animals without additional disinfection procedures, cestode eggs were again recorded starting from day 14 after the drug administration. In the group of animals with disinfection measures, pathogens were not detected during the experiment. Double administration of fenbendazole, albendazole and pyrantel in the recommended dosages against syphaciosis did not result in eradicated nematodes in the animals. The disinfection did not affect the obtained results. Fenbendazole administered daily for 7 days ensured helminth eradication in animals. However, on day 7 after the therapy, Syphacia sp. eggs were again found in the groups that received the drug individually intragastrically through a tube, regardless of whether their cells were disinfected. The animals that received fenbendazole with food and were regularly disinfested remained free from nematodes throughout the experiment until the additional disinfection measures were cancelled. In the absence of disinfection, released helminth eggs were recorded on day 14 after therapy.

Aim. To study mathematical models for predicting the incidence of non-polio enterovirus infections (NPEVI) in the Kemerovo Region.Materials and Methods. Here we conducted a retrospective epidemiological study of NPEVI incidence in the Kemerovo region from 2006 to 2021 (n = 2152 cases). Epidemic process was studied using autocorrelation analysis, Fourier analysis, and neural networks using STATISTICA Automated Neural Networks (SANN) tool and StatTech v. 3.0.5.Results. The incidence rates of NPEVI were 9,39 per 100,000 population (2009), 15,78 per 100,000 population (2015) and 8,41 per 100,000 population (2019), exceeding the average median value (2006- 2021) by a factor of 2.4, 4.1, and 2.2, respectively. NPEVI incidence was largely determined by enteroviral meningitis. The majority of cases (89.94%) were registered in children. Notably, standard mathematical models failed to provide an objective analysis of the incidence trend. Autocorrelation analysis found the summer-autumn seasonality (August-October) by evaluating the ratio of actual data to 12-month rolling averages. Modeling of the epidemic process of NPEVI using neural networks highly likely predicted its incidence up to 52 months.Conclusion. The epidemic process of NPEVI in Kemerovo region has been characterized by a low intensity and summer-autumn seasonality. Neural networks are suggested as a promising tool to forecast the incidence of NPEVI.

The results of studies of aluminum oxide suspensions made with different CaO and SrO contents are presented. An increase in the pH level was recorded with an increase in the content of calcium and strontium oxides in aluminum oxide suspensions. With an increase in the CaO content from 0,45 to 2,25 mol. % and SrO from 0,42 to 2,14 mol. % exponential growth of dynamic viscosity is observed in Al2O3 suspensions. In the sintered materials, in the suspension of which CaO and SrO were introduced, there are reflexes of the compounds CaAl12O19 and SrAl12O19, respectively. These compounds have a lamellar structure. Ill. 4. Ref. 15. Tab. 2.

The paper is devoted to investigation of the catalytic pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (PE) in the presence of HBEA, HZSM-5 and HFER catalysts and natural clay. Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic materials is a promising method for treatment of secondary raw materials because it allows converting polymers into chemical compounds, which further serve as a source for chemical industry. Physicochemical parameters of the catalysts were estimated using various methods: IR Fourier spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, physical adsorption of N2, thermogravimetric analysis, and pyrolytic gas chromatography. Temperature dependences of PE destruction were obtained as well as the dependence of chemical composition of the catalytic pyrolysis products on the catalyst type. Two main factors were shown to determine the efficiency of cracking and the qualitative composition of products – structural and acidic parameters of the catalyst. The presence of Broensted acid sites in zeolites promoted the cracking and aromatization reactions. The possibility of using the clay sample for thermal decomposition of PE was estimated.

A clinical case of simultaneous laser obliteration in a patient with recurrent varicose veins and a Baker’s cyst is presented. As has been demonstrated, simultaneous laser obliteration of varicose veins and a Baker’s cyst is a safe and effective technique which allows to improve outcomes after treatment, to reduce rehabilitation period and to avoid complications.

Introduction. In the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with lower limbs amputations (LLA), there are currently used: physical therapy, mechanotherapy, physiotherapy. Despite the availability of rehabilitation methods, full correction of postural balance in patients with lower limbs amputations remains an urgent medical problem. Osteopathy has not been used in the rehabilitation of such patients until recently, despite the proven effect of normalizing muscle tone, neurohumoral system, as well as improvement of blood circulation and lymphatic outflow after osteopathic correction.Aims: To study the effect of osteopathic correction on postural balance in patients with lower limb amputations at the transtibial level.Materials and methods. 59 patients (37 men and 22 women, average age 57 years) with LLA at the transtibial level were examined using stabilography in outpatient on the basis of the Albrecht Federal Scientific Center for Rehabilitation of the Disabled. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the main group (n=32) receiving osteopathic correction and the control group (n=27) receiving sham therapy. Both groups were divided into subgroups depending on the cause of amputation: traumatic and vascular. All patients underwent stabilography 4 times: before and after the first session of osteopathic correction or sham therapy, as well as before and after the second session. The stability of the position was assessed by the amplitude of the 1st maximum of the spectrum in the sagittal and frontal component, statokinesiogram area, work expended indicator, speed deviation of the center of pressure, standard deviation of the center of pressure in the sagittal and frontal planes.Results. The method of stabilography objectively confirmed the positive effect of osteopathic correction on postural balance in patients with traumatic and vascular genesis of amputation — in the form of stability increase after the 1st, before the 2nd and after the 2nd session of osteopathic correction compared to the data before osteopathic correction for all studied parameters (pnd sessions of sham therapy in terms of work expended, which returned to its original values before the second session, which indicates the short-term nature of the changes.Conclusion. The study showed an improvement in postural balance according to stabilography data in patients with lower limbs amputations of traumatic and vascular genesis who underwent osteopathic correction.

Relevance. The significant increase in the number of children with hearing impairment worldwide and the peculiarity of their dental status demonstrates a need for a specialized approach during preventive care. However, the choice of preventive measures has to consider both the parental perception of the process and its effectiveness.Aim. The study aimed to assess the level of parental knowledge of primary schoolchildren with hearing impairment associated with neurological pathology on the oral hygiene of children and their readiness for dental preventive care measures to improve their child’s dental status.Materials and methods. The study involved the parents of 94 primary schoolchildren aged 6-8 y.o. with hearing impairment associated with neurological pathology. The survey received information on different attitudes to preventive measures to improve children’s dental health.Results. The results demonstrated poor oral hygiene knowledge among parents of primary schoolchildren with hearing impairment associated with neurological pathology and unreadiness for full-scale cooperation with dentists.Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the need for more comprehensive and thoughtful patient education among parents of primary schoolchildren with hearing impairment associated with neurological pathology to create prerequisites for improving the children’s dental status.

The purpose of this article is analysis of the relevance of whitefish commercial fisheries regulation in Kubenskoye Lake and development of measures to preserve the endemic whitefish population, increase its commercial stocks and catches.The material for the study is the statistics of whitefish-nelmushka catches in Kubenskoye Lake and the longterm dynamics of the size and age characteristics, terms of puberty.The research methods: field ichthyological materials were collected and processed according to standard methods; the fishing stocks were estimated based on the results of the analysis of non-water fishing catches, as well as taking into account the volume of water filtered by fixed fishing nets per unit of time.Results: the long-term dynamics of whitefish-nelmushka catches are described in the article. The effectiveness of its fisheries regulation has been studied. Fishing does not have a significant impact on the whitefish abundance dynamics. The exclusion of whitefish from the category of aquatic biological resources, in respect of which the total allowable catch is established, is justified in the article. The size and age population characteristics of the whitefish, age of puberty last years have been summarized in the article.Practical significance: artificial reproduction of the Kubenskoye Lake whitefish is recommended to be carried out to restore the population abundance, which is significant for the preservation of the gene pool of the polymorphic species Coregonus lavaretus. Recommendations on changing the Fishing Rules for the Northern Fishery Basin to reduce the legal size for whitefish-nelmushka were developed for the implementation of commercial and recreation fisheries.

The subject. The authors attempt a legal analysis of several forms of monetization of rights to computer games.The purpose of the article is the legal qualification of donations, crowdfunding, loot boxes as means of monetization.The research methodology includes general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as specific scientific methods of comparative law and formal legal analysis.The scientific problem of the article lies in the existing contradiction between the rapid development of the computer games market and the state of modern legal science in terms of scientific understanding and regulation of the entertainment industry.The main results, scope of application. There are two main forms of public funding in the gaming industry: (1) donations; (2) crowdfunding. Donations are more common for streamers, crowdfunding for computer developers. Donat is money sent without the condition of reciprocity. In recent years, crowdfunding has become a common way to attract investments. The purchase of a digital (or physical) copy of a game is the acquisition of the right to use (access) a computer game. Therefore, the funds we transfer are investments. We become beneficiaries of the published product. As a result, the developer will have to pay taxes on the funds raised. A loot box is a virtual item – a random set of additional features.The process of loot distribution is similar to a game of chance: players choose the level of need for a thing. Lootbox, despite the deceived expectations of the player, still brings some benefits to the player. In other words, the player pays a few dollars and expects to receive something of value in return, but the amount of winnings can be both large and small. In this regard, it seems that the loot box is a classic win-win lottery. Therefore, loot boxes should not be equated with gambling, otherwise the gaming industry could respond by referring to the need to include lotteries (and insurance) as gambling. At the same time, the similarity of several elements indicates that there is always a risk of turning a computer game into gambling.Conclusions. There are a number of ways to monetize the material incentives for players. These methods include donations, funds received in the course of crowdinvesting, as well as loot boxes. Donations are an intermediate phenomenon between donation and payment. For individuals, income from donations will not be taxed if there is no consideration. Also, sometimes donations should be understood as funds from crowdinvestments, which developers sometimes collect to create the next game. These funds, in most cases, should still be treated as developer income, not donations. The boundary between the payment of in-game property and gambling is the phenomenon of loot boxes, which should be qualified as a win-win lottery.

Consumer lending services are among the most demanded in the financial market. The high socio-economic significance of the activities of entities providing consumer loans is increasing in the context of regional imbalances in the implementation of banking services and the focus of credit institutions on clients with a certain income and stable income. Solving the problems of the availability of financial services for citizens living in small settlements, as well as persons who cannot receive funds from credit institutions due to low income, negative credit history, lack of collateral, microcredit organizations increase the purchasing power of the population, maintain the standard of living socially vulnerable citizens, stimulate the country's economy, involving (through investment) low-income strata in economic processes, making tax payments. The increased requirements for professional lenders determined the expansion of the illegal financial services sector, supported by high consumer demand. In order to counteract the illegal activities of illegal creditors and protect the interests of consumers of credit services, the legislator established administrative and criminal liability.The analysis of the current norms, which provide for liability for illegal activities for the provision of consumer loans (loans), carried out in the course of the study, made it possible to identify technical and legal flaws in the content of Art. 14.56 of the Administrative Code and enshrined in 2021 Art. 171.5 of the Criminal Code.Having identified the problems arising in the implementation of Art. 14.56 of the Administrative Code in practice, the author proposes to exclude from the disposition of this norm the signs that specify the subject of an administrative offense (legal entity, individual entrepreneur). The inevitability of the liability of illegal usurers will be ensured by changing the approach to determining the moment when illegal professional activities for the provision of consumer loans (Art. 14.56 of the Administrative Code) are concluded from the date of the conclusion of the consumer loan agreement on the day the creditor submits executive documents for organizing the enforcement of court decisions on the collection of the corresponding debt.Having determined the disposition of Art. 171.5 of the Criminal Code casually, with a triple reference-blanketness, the legislator not only deviated from the rules of legal technique, but also disoriented the law enforcement officer in the content of the criminal law prohibition. The author substantiates the proposals to state Art. 171.5 of the Criminal Code in a new edition, excluding the name of the violated law and detailing the signs of the subject of the crime. As crimi-forming signs, the composition covered by Art. 171.5 of the Criminal Code, it was proposed to determine alternatively: the large size of consumer loans (loans) issued by an illegal lender (over 2 million 250 thousand rubles); administrative punishment of a person under Art. 14.56 of the Administrative Code.

Objectives. To develop a technology for obtaining recombinant antibodies in a suspension culture of human HEK293 cells using transduction with recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) carrying genes expressing heavy and light chains of antibodies on the example of two broadspectrum anti-influenza antibodies 27F3 and CR9114.Methods. Ad5-27F3-H, Ad5-CR9114-H, and Ad5-27F3-L recombinant adenoviruses carrying the 27F3 antibody heavy chain gene, CR9114 antibody heavy chain gene, and 27F3 light chain gene, respectively, were generated using the AdEasy™ Adenoviral vector system. To accumulate preparative amounts of recombinant r27F3 and rCR9114 antibodies, the HEK293 suspension cell line was transduced with recombinant adenoviruses carrying genes for heavy and light chains of antibodies. The cells were cultured in a wave-type bioreactor. Chromatography was used to purify recombinant antibodies from the culture medium. After analyzing the molecular weights of purified antibodies using protein electrophoresis, their ability to interact with influenza A and B viruses was analyzed using the Western blot technique, while their ability to neutralize influenza A and B viruses was evaluated using the virus neutralization assay.Results. A method for the accumulation and purification of recombinant r27F3 and CR9114 antibodies from the culture medium of a suspension culture of human cells following transduction with its recombinant adenoviruses carrying the genes for heavy and light chains of these antibodies was developed. The ability of the r27F3 antibody to interact with and neutralize influenza A viruses of group 1 (except influenza A virus subtype H2) and group 2 was shown. The ability of the rCR9114 antibody to interact with influenza A viruses of group 1 and influenza B viruses, as well as to neutralize influenza A viruses of group 1, was demonstrated.Conclusions. A technology for obtaining recombinant antibodies in a suspension culture of HEK293 cells using transduction with recombinant adenoviruses carrying genes expressing heavy and light chains of antibodies was developed along with a confirmation of their specificity.

The literature review presents the results of optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography — angiography used for Graves’ orbitopathy. The data on the thickness of the inner layers of the retina, microcirculation in the peripapillary and macular regions, parameters of the choroid, lamina cribrosa and extraocular muscles were analyzed as possible diagnostic criteria of the condition.

BACKGROUND. Assessment of physical performance in patients is usually based on the results of the 6-minute walk test, which is primarily associated with heart or respiratory failure. THE AIM: to analyze the results of the 6-minute walk test with clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with CKD 5D, including criteria for protein-energy malnutrition. PATIENTS AND METHODS. 67 people with CKD 5D were examined, including 42 men and 25 women, mean age 49.0 ± 14.9 and 57.2 ± 15.5 years, respectively, p = 0.036. The duration of RRT in men was 96.1 ± 80.3 months, in women 100.7 ± 66.1 months, p = 0.810. The diagnosis of coronary heart disease was established in 22 people, 7 of them had AMI. The muscle strength of the skeletal muscles was assessed using a hand dynamometer, the performance of the skeletal muscles – during a test with a 6-minute walk. All patients filled out food diaries, where they indicated the qualitative and quantitative composition of the food which they consumed for 3 days. RESULTS. Walking load was most easily tolerated by patients without clinical manifestations of CAD. Between patients with and without AMI in history, the number of points on the Borg scale was comparable and reached the maximum values. The highest concentration of C-reactive protein and the lowest concentration of serum albumin were observed in patients who had had AMI. Relationships were found between serum albumin with C-reactive protein and the results of the 6-minute walk test, as well as between the mass index of the left ventricular myocardium with the results of the 6-minute walk test. CONCLUSION. Left ventricular hypertrophy masks the clinical signs of reduced physical performance, but increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. The results of the 6-minute walk test in patients with CAD should be evaluated in more detail. A number of studies are needed to clarify how dietary recommendations should be modified depending on the level of systemic inflammation in CKD.

Disclaimer. The EAC Guidelines represent the views of the EAC, and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge, and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The EAC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the EAC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the EAC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the EAC Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the EAC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.