Search

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей моделювання семантики експресивно маркованих лексичних одиниць, які містять у своїх значеннєвих планах домінантний інтенсивно-параметричний складник. Дослідження здійснювалося на мовному матеріалі "Енеїди" Івана Котляревського. Іван Петрович Котляревський здійснив титанічний поступ у розвиткові і становленні мови української літератури, не лише представив живе мовлення українців, а й виявив майстерність в об’єктивації внутрішніх інтенцій, у відтворенні українського менталітету та реалізації українського світобачення, мовомислення, елементів культури; у репрезентації духовності української нації. Лінгвостилістичний аналіз мови "Енеїди" виявив, що мовна тканина твору насичена експресивами, семантична структура яких поґрунтована на інтенсивно-параметричній семантиці. Експресивний фонд аналізованої поеми І. П. Котляревського є основою мовної організації та оформлення твору, репрезентантом ідей автора, змістоутворювальним інструментом, матеріалом формування художніх фігур, образним засобом характеристики персонажів. Експресивна семантика бурлескно-травестійної поеми змотивована зовнішніми маркерами, зокрема морфемно-дериваційними засобами, і більшою мірою – внутрішніми мотиваторами, найпродуктивнішими з яких в "Енеїді" виокремлено такі складники: експресивна основа, внутрішня форма слова, вторинна номінація, асоціативні значення, компресивні утворення.

A monitoring survey focused on the local leaf rust pathogen on spring bread wheat was conducted during 2008–2017 in the Western Siberian region of the Russian Federation. Resistance genetics in cultivars released in the region during the last twenty years has been limited to only a few Lr genes: Lr1, Lr9, L10, Lr26, and Lr34. The effectiveness of Lr genes was assessed in field tests of 38 «Thatcher» Near Isogenic Lines (NILs). Resistance genes were classified into four groups based on infection types (ITs) in response to the local population of Puccinia triticina. Lines carrying genes Lr17, Lr18, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr35, Lr37, Lr44, and LrW(52) remained almost free of infection for the whole duration of rating. Their disease scores did not exceed the level of medium resistant even in seasons favorable for the spread of leaf rust. ITs indicative of moderate resistance were revealed in lines carrying genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr28, Lr34, and Lr38, except under conditions favorable to infection when plants became susceptible. Genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr9, Lr14a, Lr14b, Lr15, Lr16, Lr19, and Lr22 showed reduced effectiveness against leaf rust in the region during the monitoring dates. Virulence to lines carrying genes Lr2b, Lr3, Lr3bg, Lr3 ka, Lr10, Lr11, Lr20, Lr21, Lr26, Lr30, Lr32, Lr33, and LrB was recorded during the whole time of monitoring from 2008 to 2017. Since race-specific genes Lr24 and Lr29 are still effective in the Western Siberian region, they may be recommended for breeding purposes deployed in combination with slow rusting gene Lr34 and the race-specific adult plant resistance genes Lr12 and/or Lr13, to provide durable resistance.

Improving diagnostic methods for the appointment of effective treatment of animals with urocystitis is an extremely important problem in veterinary medicine. Microscopy of urine sediment is a necessary and important part of general clinical research. With this research method, it is possible to clarify the localization of the inflammatory process in the urinary tract, establish the degree of mucosal damage, differentiate urinary tract diseases from kidney diseases, and conduct differential diagnosis of neoplasms. Urine sediment in dogs suffering from urocystitis revealed postrenal microhematuria (in the field of view of the microscope 5-20 red blood cells), pyuria due to neutrophils (in the field of view 20-100), bacteriuria and the appearance of a significant number of transitional and superficial epithelial cells (in the field of view 3-5 cells), which were placed, both singly and in the form of layers. The admission of a large amount of transitional epithelial cells epithelium into the urine of the male dogs indicated the development of an inflammatory process of bacterial origin in the bladder and distal urethra, sometimes with prostate damage. In 50% of the dogs with urocystitis, crystalluria and spermatorea were noted. Of the unorganized sediments in the urine of experimental animals, crystals of ammonium biurate (acidic uric acid ammonium) were most often found, less often crystals of phosphoric acid calx, and even less often struvite crystals.

The dog`s breed tendency who are get sick the most with urocystitis is analyzed. It have been identified that dogs with diagnosed cystitis have subfebrile fever, moderate tachycardia and tachypnea anxiety when urging for urination, strangury, polakuria, involuntary excretion of muddy urine, and some of them were diagnosed with an increase in volume and pain of the prostate gland. There are significant changes in the morphological blood composition were found in dog's blood, namely low erythrocyte count and low hemoglobin content, and significantly higher leukocyte count, neutrophilia with bands growth and the appearance of young neutrophils compared to healthy animals. In the serum of dogs suffering from urocystitis was revealed a moderate increase in protein due to the increase globulin fraction, increased activity of ALT, AsAT, ALP and decrease of the total calcium and inorganic phosphorus content. A sharp increase in hydrogen index, turbidity, sometimes impurity mucus and a sharp odor of ammonia, protein urobilinogen, bilirubin, nitrites, the appearance of a large amount of sediment in the form of a clot of pus and mucus have been revealed in dogs urine with urinary cystitis.

Association of titanium-zirconium placers and phosphate mineralization in Upper Cretaceous rocks of the East European Platform is shown with the Tsentral’noe (Central) and Unecha deposits as example. This paragenesis is caused by interaction between the multicomponent placer ore (phosphate-rare metal) concentrations and mechanical-chemical differentiation that shows up periodically during the sub-aerial migration of sedimentary material. Clastic ore components were mainly derived from intermediate collectors, while the phosphate material was delivered by the phosphate-containing solutions and particulates in the chemical weathering crust. Such phosphorite-titanium-zirconium occurrences can also be detected in other regions, including areas with rare metal placers.

Lithofacies analyses and paleogeographic reconstructions of the middle Sarmatian sequence in the central Ciscaucasus, which hosts the most promising titanium–zirconium placers of the Stavropol region, indicate that ore components (rutile, ilmenite, leucoxene, and zircon) were mainly delivered to the Stavropol placer basin by the paleo-Volga River from a northern land. Bryozoan organogenic edifices played a significant role in the formation of placers. The organogenic edifices appeared under anomalous (for bioherm formation) conditions of terrigenous sedimentation on the western and northwestern slopes of the Stavropol Uplift, hampered the transport of ore material to the deep-water zone of the basin, and promoted its differentiation in the paleouplift.

The lithofacies features and formation conditions of Meotian rocks in the Azov–Kuban region are defined. It is shown that the bryozoan organogenic buildups were formed in the Enikale (Kerch) Strait, as well as in the littoral–shallow-water areas of the sedimentary basin. Currents flowing from the Azov–Kuban Sea favored an intense bioherm formation in the paleostrait. They provided the optimal hydrodynamic regime for this process and supplied bryozoans with the needed nutrient medium. The obtained data can be used for estimating the metallogenic potential of Meotian reefal deposits in the Azov–Kuban region.

Structural organization of a carbosilane liquid crystalline dendrimer of fifth generation with cyanobiphenyl mesogenic groups in the 25−130 °C range was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Studies were performed on the dendrimer films of different thicknesses, from single macromolecular layers to films several micrometers thick. Packing motifs of spherical macromolecules (5.5 nm in diameter) were revealed in submicrometer AFM images of the dendrimer films. Rectangular and hexagonal lattices were found in the single layers on different substrates. With an increase of film thickness, first smectic layers are formed, and then domains consisting of aggregates of flat-on lying and edge-on standing smectic layers were found. In thick films, the domains exhibit layered structures of different thicknesses and with different orientations. AFM images recorded at different temperatures demonstrated height changes of different domains caused by anisotropic changes of lattices of the smectic layers.

Calculations by molecular mechanics methods showed that diglycerides containing stearic, oleic, linoleic, or linolenic acids can bind to DNA. The binding energy of diglycerides to the DNA minor groove is higher than that to the major groove. The bond energies of diglycerides to DNA were calculated as the sums of the contributions of the binding energies between DNA and two fatty acid residues. These energies depend on the structure of the fatty acid and the nucleotide composition of DNA and vary from 20 to 120 kcal mol-1. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

Multiwave mobile lidar complexes (MLCs) are designed and developed. A number of vehicle-based MLCs are built. The set of complex lidar probing data obtained with the help of MLCs is synchronised in space and time, covers a large area (the operation range of an MLC is 15 km), and is based on a unified methodological approach. The results of probing contain information on the concentration and physical nature of atmospheric aerosol, chemical composition of the gaseous phase of the atmosphere, wind and turbulence. The obtained data form the basis for a complex analysis of the ecological situation and prognosis of its development.