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Urban developments in the cities of Bangladesh are causing the depletion of natural land covers over the past several decades. One of the significant implications of the developments is a change in Land Surface Temperature (LST). Through LST distribution in different Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and a statistical association among LST and biophysical indices, i.e., Urban Index (UI), Bare Soil Index (BI), Normalized Difference Builtup Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Bareness Index (NDBaI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), this paper studied the implications of LULC change on the LST in Mymensingh city. Landsat TM and OLI/TIRS satellite images were used to study LULC through the maximum likelihood classification method and LSTs for 1989, 2004, and 2019. The accuracy of LULC classifications was 84.50, 89.50, and 91.00 for three sampling years, respectively. From 1989 to 2019, the area and average LST of the built-up category has been increased by 24.99% and 7.6ºC, respectively. Compared to vegetation and water bodies, built-up and barren soil regions have a greater LST each year. A different machine learning method was applied to simulate LULC and LST in 2034. A remarkable change in both LULC and LST was found through this simulation. If the current changing rate of LULC continues, the built-up area will be 59.42% of the total area, and LST will be 30.05ºC on average in 2034. The LST in 2034 will be more than 29ºC and 31ºC in 59.64% and 23.55% areas of the city, respectively.

Maize as well as baby corn is an exhaustive crop in terms of nutrient and water uptake from soil hence soil health become deteriorate easily and as different amounts and forms of nutrient supply in baby corn affect the productivity of baby corn so combination of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient is beneficial for soil heath and to maximize the productivity of baby corn thus an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2017 to February 2018 to investigate the effect of varieties and sources of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield contributing characters of baby corn. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment consisted of two varieties viz., BARI Sweet corn-1(V1), Baby star (V2) and five sources of nitrogen fertilizer viz.,100% recommended N from urea(N1),75% N from urea + 25% N from cowdung (N2), 50% N from urea + 50% N from cowdung (N3), 75% N from urea + 25% N from poultry manure(N4),50% N from urea + 50% N from poultry manure(N5).Yield and yield contributing characters of baby corn were significantly influenced by variety, sources of nitrogen fertilizer and their interactions. The highest number of cob plant-1 (1.67), cob length (13.50 cm), cob girth(3.84 cm), cob yield with husk (14.66 t ha-1), cob yield without husk (3.52 t ha-1), and fresh fodder yield (42.50 t ha-1) were recorded when Baby star was fertilized with N2 (75% N from urea + 25% N from cowdung) treatment. Therefore, it may be concluded that Baby star is the promising baby corn variety when coupled with (75% N from urea + 25% N from cowdung) for maximizing baby corn production and improving soil health.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fracture and the risk variables connected to its occurrence in calves and cats at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. A total of 96 (calves) and 17 (cats) retrospective datasets were compiled between January 2015 and December 2019. Age, sex, breed, season, involvement of the bone, and type of fracture were considered to characterize fractures. To examine the data, simple descriptive statistics were used. At around 6 months, there were the highest rates of long bone fractures in both calves and cats (77%, n = 74; and 65%, n = 11). According to sex variation, fracture was more common in male calves (61%, n = 59) and female cats (76%, n = 13). Calves and cats from native breeds had the highest fracture rates (52%, n = 50) and (100%, n = 17), respectively. The summer season saw the highest rates of long bone fractures in both calves (41%, n = 39) and cats (53%, n = 9). The majority of the fractures in calves (42%, n = 41) were found to be in the metatarsal bone during pre-operative clinical assessment. In cats, this primarily affected the femur (41%, n = 7). Cats (59%, n = 10) and calves (55%, n = 53) had the highest rate of transverse long bone fractures. This study will help to establish the frequency of fractures, which is very important clinically in the examination and diagnosis of fractures in calves and cats.

Objectives: The study was undertaken with the objectives to perform seromonitoring of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) antibodies in goats vaccinated with PPR vaccine and molecular character¬ization of PPR virus (PPRV) from field cases in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Seromonitoring work was conducted in Char Kalibari, Mymensingh Sadar, Mymensingh. For this, a total of 50 goats were randomly selected and were divided into two groups; vaccinated (Group A; n = 25) and non-vaccinated (Group B; n = 25). The goats of both groups were again sub-divided into four age groups; (i) 06 months (n = 5), (ii) 612 months (n = 5), (iii) 1224 months (n = 10), and (iv) >24 months (n = 5). Blood samples were collected on Day-0 and after 21 days of post-vaccination (DPV), and the sera were prepared. The sera were examined for the presence of antibodies against PPRV by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For molecular characterization, nasal swabs (n = 10) were collected from PPR infected goats in Jessore during PPR outbreak (February 2016). The causative agent, PPRV isolated from field cases were confirmed by N gene based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and multiple sequence alignment analyses. Results: In the case of seromonitoring, the results revealed that before vaccination (at Day-0), overall, 44% (n = 22/50) goats were seropositive for PPRV. In Group A, 48% (n = 12/25) goats were seropositive, but after 21 DPV, 96% (n = 24/25) goats become seropositive. On the other hand, in Group B, 40% (n = 10/25) and 16% (n = 04/25) seropositive goats found at Day-0 and after 21 DPV, respectively, indicating that the antibody titer was increasing after vaccination and decreasing in convalescent goats. Out of 10 nasal swab samples, 40% (n = 4/10) was confirmed by RT-PCR targeting nucleocapsid (N gene). Phylogenetically, our isolate (KY039156/PPRV/BDG/Jes/2016) was similar to the other strains of PPRV under lineage IV. However, there was a unique amino acid substitution, where glycine (G) was recorded in place of arginine (R). The strain is closely related with other Chinese or Indian strains. The nucleotide sequence homology by NCBI BLAST search of the isolated strain ranged from 95% to 99% with other strains circulating in Bangladesh. Conclusion: The PPRV is prevailing in the Mymensingh and Jessore regions of Bangladesh. Effective control of PPR in goats may depend on vaccination with PPR vaccine. Molecular characterization of PPRV in Jessore reveals that the virus is differing from the strain prevalent in other regions of Bangladesh and the world. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6(3.000): 416-424]

Background: Children suffer from various oral and periodontal diseases. Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases among children in the world. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries in children in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 362 pediatric patients who attended the Dental Unit of Mymensingh Medical College from March to September 2019. The sample size was calculated using a statistical formula and the children were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Children and their guardians were interviewed and data were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 82.7%. The prevalence of caries was significantly higher in aged children (8–10 years) and also in rural, low-income, and illiterate families. Seven significant risk factors were identified that included residence in the rural area (OR: 7.31 [1.73–30.83]), a parental income of BDT ≤ 20,000 per month (OR: 4.75 [1.49–15.05]), reduced duration (≤1 min) of teeth cleaning (OR: 18.54 [2.05–168.17]), teeth cleaning before breakfast (OR: 93.30 [10.95–795.32]), the spoon-feeding method (OR: 12.57 [2.09–75.61]), long-term (37–48 months) breastfeeding (OR: 212.53 [8.69–5195.25]), and family oral problem (OR: 8.20 [2.57–26.16]). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries among the children in Mymensingh is very high and was associated with residence in rural areas, parental income, reduced duration of teeth cleaning, teeth cleaning before breakfast, the spoon-feeding method, long-term breastfeeding, and family oral problems.

Objective: The current study was conducted to explore the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in small ruminants (sheep and goats) in relation to species, age, sex, season, and body condition in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional coprological survey was carried out at Mymensingh Sadar in Mymensingh from July 2015 to June 2016. In total, 433 fecal samples were screened for eggs/oocysts/cysts of parasite and counted by using standard qualitative and quantitative techniques. Eggs/oocysts/cysts were identified according to their characteristic features. Results: The study found 74.8% (n=324/433) prevalence of GI parasites in small ruminants. Species-wise prevalence indicated that 77.0% (n=268/348) goats and 65.9% (n=56/85) sheep harbored parasitic infection. Nine species of GI parasites were identified in the study area namely S trongyloides sp., Haemonchus sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Trichuris sp. , Paraphistomum spp., Fasciola spp., Eimeria spp. and Balantidium spp. The level of egg/oocyst/cyst per gram of feces (EPG/OPG/CPG) was ranged between 100 and 1200. Young small ruminants (78.4%) showed significantly ( P =0.026) higher prevalence as compared to adult (68.8%). Between sexes, significantly ( P =0.000) higher prevalence was found in female (83.6%) than male (64.7%). Infection was significantly ( P =0.000) highest in poor body conditioned small ruminants (82.1%) as compared to moderate (72.2%) and good body conditioned (53.8%) small ruminants. In case of season, highest prevalence was found in rainy season (83.6%) followed by summer (78.6%) and winter (59.4%) with significant seasonal variations ( P =0.000). Conclusion: Finally, GI parasites are endemic among small ruminants in the study area. Knowledge on these parasites and related epidemiological parameters is important for outlining fruitful control strategies against GI parasites. http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2017.d234

Aim: This study was conducted for determination of the prevalence of colibacillosis in chicken in poultry farms in Mymensingh and Tangail districts. Isolation, identification, and antibiogram profile of Escherichia coli were also performed. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 chickens manifested clinical signs of colibacillosis were collected from five different poultry farms during natural outbreaks. Results: In broiler, the prevalence of colibacillosis was 0.84%, and in layer, prevalence was 0.80%. The prevalence of colibacillosis was 1.0% and 0.5% in 25-30 days old and 31-35 days old broiler, respectively. In case of layer birds, the prevalence was 0.6% in 40-45 days old bird and 1% in 46-50 days old bird. Identity of the E. coli isolate of chicken was confirmed by sugar fermentation, biochemical tests, and polymerase chain reaction assay. Antibiogram profile of E. coli isolate of chicken revealed that it was multidrug resistant (resistant against two antibiotics, such as ampicillin and cefalexin). Conclusion: Data of this study suggest that colibacillosis is prevalent in the study areas which underscore the need of implementation of prevention and control measure against this disease.

Some influential variables that are import to farmers in Northern Bangladesh regarding land use decisions for farmlands, where such options are possible, were explored in this study. A multi-stage sampling procedure was followed to select the study area and the sampling unit. We selected four sub-districts in Mymensingh district, a suitable area in Bangladesh for freshwater fish farming: Mucktagachha, Trishal, Phulpur, and Bhaluka. The PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) method was used to remove the problem of simultaneously selecting all criteria for land use decision-making, hence revealing the effects of some important variables on decisions on land use made by farmers. PROMETHEE model gave equal preference to rice over fish farming after all criteria were considered simultaneously. Although fish farming total return was about 6 times higher than rice farming, farmers were more interested in rice farming because of three major influential criteria: it requires less labor, operates at lower costs, and has zero conversion cost associated with rice farming.

Bangladesh has sustained robust economic growth, led by industrial development and urbanization, for the past three decades. In tandem with its economic development, country has been increasingly urbanizing led by the massive growth of Dhaka, the nation’s capital. Yet urbanization and industrial growth have come with high environmental costs that are increasingly harming Bangladesh’s prospects for continued strong economic progress. Urban environmental pollution is already imposing a significant cost on the economy. Over the last decade, country has improved its policy regime and systems for environmental and pollution management, yet much more needs to be done to arrest the stark effects of pollution and environmental degradation on people’s health and economic productivity. Given the growing environmental challenges that Bangladesh’s cities face, this assessment focuses on the country’s urban areas. The report analyzes the impacts and causes of pollution levels and natural resource degradation in Dhaka and other rapidly growing cities. It updates the first assessment prepared over a decade ago with the aim of (i) better understanding the environmental challenges, trends, and implications of rapid economic growth in urban areas; and (ii) identifying paths toward cleaner and more climate resilient growth through technological changes and institutional, regulatory, and policy reforms. The analysis includes case studies at the city level, including the Greater Dhaka area and other cities of various sizes. Based on the analysis in this assessment, priorities for reform and investment should include the following: (i) enhancing environmental policy and institutions at the national level; (ii) enhancing environmental management at the local/ city level; (iii) strengthening the enforcement and accountability regime; (iv) leveraging market-based instruments to protect the environment and unlock green financing; (v) promoting resource-efficient and cleaner production as a tool for reconciling environmental performance with competitiveness; (vi) harnessing the power of public pressure.

The soil physico-chemical properties have been disturbed due to long continued intensive agricultural practices. Under this situation we are approaching rapidly to a very strong future challenge in sustaining the quality of our soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of the selected soil series. The area covered Mymensingh and Jamalpur districts of Bangladesh. Soil samples were collected randomly from different profiles of Lokdeo, Tarakanda, Silmondi and Melandah soil series during March-May, 2014 and analysed. All soils were acidic and textural classes were sandy loam, silt loam, loam, and clay loam. Organic matter and total N contents low to very low. Available S content in the upper layers of most soils were medium to optimum and in the deeper layer low to medium. The exchangeable K, Ca and Na contents were also low. The upper layers of all the locations contained higher amounts of available Zn. The available Cu and Fe contents of most soils were very high. The soils of all locations contained very high amount of available Mn except the deeper layers (45-75 cm) of Melandah which contained optimum amount of available Mn. Soil pH showed negative correlation with total N and available S. Total N showed positive correlation with soil OM, available Cu and available S. There was positive correlation between available S and available Mn.

Malnutrition is the most common nutritional disorders in the developing countries like Bangladesh. The most vulnerable groups of population to malnutrition are under-5 children, pregnant women and lactating mother. This study makes an attempt to investigate the nutritional status of pregnant women and to correlate different factors with pregnancy. The cross-sectional study was followed to determine nutritional status by anthropometric and biochemical assessment as well as clinical appearance. The obtaining result of all assessments was compared with standard data (NCHS & UNHCR/WFP). A total of 380 pregnant women were randomly selected from health care centers (governments and non-governments) in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh from early June 2007 to January 2008. The result of research showed that 30.52% severely malnourished, 36.57% moderately malnourished, and 23.15% well nourished and 9.73% were overnourished by calculating weight gain during different stages of pregnancy. By using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) 28.94%, 35%, 25.26% and 10.78% of pregnant women were found severely malnourished, moderately malnourished, well nourished and overnourished respectively. It observed that the prevalence of nutritional status to pregnant women were found 29.69% severely malnourished, 34.39% moderately malnourished, 26.36% well nourished and 9.56% over nourished by observing the clinical appearance. In average it showed that 29.71% were severely malnourished, 35.32% were moderately malnourished, 24.92% were well nourished and 10.02% were overnourished. By estimating hemoglobin (Hb) level during pregnancy it obtained that 5.52% severely anemic, 61.84% moderately anemic, 18.15% mildly anemic and 14.47% of pregnant women were nonanemic. In my study, 12.63% of pregnant women were under 18 years old while 50% were severely malnourished and 30.4% were malnourished. It found that the primary education levels were 16.57% and total monthly family incomes of 16.57% of pregnant women were below Tk. 5000. Most of them (73.66%) were malnourished because of those stated reasons. In Mymensingh district, the major responsible factors were younger marriage, frequent birth, illiteracy, poverty, misconceptions, food taboos, lack of nutritional knowledge, geographical location (hill tract region) etc. The data obtained from my study is very much alarming and need to address by governments and nongovernmental organization.

In generally, fish hatchery and nursery owners having both hatchery and nursery facilities were financially stronger, well-educated and well-trained than only nursery ponds owners in Mymensingh aquaculture region. On the other hand, only nursery pond owners were more experienced in fish seed business than only hatchery owners. Most of the owners were satisfied with existing communication facilities. Lack of technical knowledge was one of the major constraints which could be solved by ensuring proper training. This business can be made more profitable providing loan to poor farmers and improving law and order situation.

An experiment was carried out for a period of six months during October 2008 to March 2009 to investigate the health status of a snakehead, Channa punctatus through clinical and histopathological technique. Fish were collected from two fish markets of Mymensingh district. Clinically and histopathologically, it was observed that fishes from both the markets were healthy in October and March but moderately affected in November and February. In the months of December and January, 7.5- 8% of the fishes were affected clinically and showing various clinical signs like, discolouration, deep ulcer, ill health, scale loss and rough skin. Histopathologically, in the month of December and January, major observed pathologies of skin and muscle were necrosis, vacuums, fungal granuloma and loss of dermis. Gills were affected having parasitic cysts, monogenetic trematode, clubbing, loss of primary and secondary gill lamellae, hemorrhage, necrosis and hypertrophy. Vacuoles, pyknosis, hepatic necrosis, hemorrhages and fungal granuloma were observed in liver. Renal pathology included necrosis and pyknosis of kidney tubules, hemorrhages, presence of bacterial colony and vacuoles. From present findings, it was found that, fishes from urban market were more affected with diseases than pre-urban market especially in the months of December and January when compared with other months. From overall observation, C. punctatus were severely affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), dactylogyrosis, protozoan and bacterial diseases during colder months of the year.

During the investigation of parasites of indigenous fishes from different water bodies of Mymensingh, four helminth parasites belonging to Monogenea, Digenea and Cestoda were recovered. The mono geneans-Ancylodiscoides mystusi and Ancylodiscoides aori from Mystus aor, the digenetic trematode- Bucephalopsis karvei from Xenentodon cancila and the cestode- Proteocephalus sp. were collected from Mystus aor. The worms were studied morphologically and systematically for their identification. Though these monogenetic.and digenetic trematodes were reported earliar in other country from the host mentioned, recorded from the first time from Bangladesh waters, indicating their host specificity beyond the geographical area. Record of Proteocephalus sp. is also the first report frc ii Bangladesh water.

Investigation on infestations of monogenetic trematodes of juvenile carp fishes of different nurseries of Mymensingh region was conducted during November 2002 to February 2004. Five government farms and five private farrri, were investigated for this purpose. Juveniles of commonly cultured species of Indian major carps- 'Labe° rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla and Labeo gonia; exotic carps- Hypophihalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Aristicthys nobilis and Barbodes gonionotus were examined for parasitic infestation. The infestations were found in both Indian and exotic juvenile carps in government as well as private farms. Prevalence (/o), intensity and abundance were found to be species specific and also varied with seasons and management systems (government or private) practised in different farms. The highest prevalence and mean intensity were found in C. mrigala and the lowest in H. molitrix. The prevalence in Indian juvenile carps was significantly (p

Investigation on monogenetic trematode parasites of Mystus vittatus, Ailia coila, and Esomus danricus from different water bodies of Mymensingh was done. During the study period (March 2002 — February 2003) six species of monogenean flukes were recovered. Morphology and systematics of these parasites were recorded and described. Among them Bifurcohaptor inidicus Jain, 1958; Cornudiscoides proximus Gussev, 1976; Silurodiscoides parvulus Gussev, 1976 and Gyrodactylus sp. were collected from. Mystus vittatus;. Sprostonia asiatica Jain, 1959 from Ailia coila and Ancyrocephalus chakrabartii were collected from Esomus danricus. These parasites are the first record from Bangladesh water except Bifurcohaptor indicus Jain, 1958. In general, the highest prevalence (87.5%) and mean intensity (17.86) were found in Mystus vittatus and the lowest prevalence (31.82%) and mean intensity (6.5) were recorded in Ailia coda.

This study examines the relative profitability of rice-fish culture and rice mono-crop production at Gouripur thana of Mymensingh district. The results of the study show that the rice-fish farming was economically more rewarding than the rice mono-crop farming, although both the farming activities were found profitable over cash as well as full costs. In addition to extra earnings from fish, the rice-fish farming produced significantly a higher yield of rice requiring very minimum extra cost for fish. Rice-fish farming also reduced variability in yield of and return from rice.

Growth and mortality rate of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) under five different dietary conditions were studied in fifteen floating net cages in ponds of the Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, Mymensingh. Growth rate was found to vary under different dietary conditions. The feed with mixture of 25% rice bran, 5% wheat bran, 30% linseed oil cake and 40% water hyacinth leaf meal exhibited the highest growth rate. The gain of log of body weight per unit increase of log of total length was significant. Significant survivals of the fishes were found.

This article 'Seasonal Stem Borer (Sb) Population Fluctuations in Mymensingh, Bangladesh' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Rice Thrips in Mymensingh, Bangladesh' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.