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Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has shaken the fundamental structure of traditional face-to-face education at all learning levels across the globe, and music therapy education is no exception. For decades, simulation has been an integral part of clinical education in the healthcare profession (Durham & Alden, 2008). Researchers note that in recent years, with the remarkable development of digital and virtual technologies, adapting simulation-based programs in virtual environments allows for easy access, global reach, and repeated practice at a minimum cost (Cooper et al., 2017). The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the perception of both healthcare professionals and patients about how healthcare training should be conducted, making web-based or e-simulation-based education with a focus on patient safety and clinical competency more crucial than ever (Mahdy et al., 2022). However, to date, the evidentiary support for integrating simulations in online learning in music therapy education remains limited. Objectives: The purpose of this project was to develop and evaluate an online simulation-integrated (OSI) course with content and learning activities aligned with online and simulation learning theories. The course focused on older adults with hearing loss and accommodations for this population within the context of music therapy, topic areas not often addressed in music therapy education., Methods: I developed an online simulation-integrated course on a theoretical foundation of experiential learning theory (Kolb, 2014), cognitive load theory (Sweller, 2011), and social learning theory (Bandura, 2002), as well as content based on the Music Therapy and Hearing Loss Model I developed during the course of the study. After the OSI course development, nine expert panelists in music therapy, audiology, and speech-language pathology evaluated the content and learning activities of the OSI course using a quantitative and qualitative feedback evaluation form. The quantitative ratings were based on a 16-item 5-point Likert-type scale, and the ratings were analyzed descriptively. Among the qualitative feedback, experts commented on the most and least effective parts of the content, as well as suggestions for improvements., Results and Significance: The OSI course entitled Music and Hearing Loss consists of nine modules with the aim to educate music therapy students and music therapy clinicians to increase the accessibility of therapeutic music interventions for older adults with hearing loss. The ratings and feedback by expert panelists revealed they perceived the OSI course to be a practical, useful, and effective resource for music therapists and music therapy clinicians. Experts rated the majority of modules favorably; the eighth module that integrated video simulations was rated the highest. The panelists also identified the least and most effective content areas and provided specific suggestions for improvements for each course module. The results from this dissertation are believed to be the first online music therapy educational resource that combines video simulation and online education evaluated by experts. This work may help music therapy students and professionals better understand the impact of hearing loss and better equip them to adequately address the needs of older adults with hearing loss in music therapy sessions. In addition, the findings of this dissertation could contribute to an understanding of best practices for the education and training of music therapists using the OSI course. Consequently, this work could enhance the lives of older adults with hearing loss who consider music an important part of their lives.

超高齢社会の進展に伴い、認知症高齢者の増加が社会的課題の１つになっている。認知症症状の中でも行動・心理症状（BPSD）は認知症高齢者本人の生活の質を低下させることが明らかになっている。非薬物療法の一種である音楽療法は侵襲を伴わず手軽に実施できることから、多くの高齢者施設や病院でも行われている。本研究は、直近13年間の我が国の認知症高齢者への音楽療法の効果に関する研究論文をレビューし、その動向を分析して今後の課題を明らかにすることを目的とした。医学中央雑誌Web版を用いて検索式を「認知症」and「音楽療法」の原著論文としたところ、117件が該当した。65歳以上の認知症高齢者でないもの、音楽療法以外の非薬物療法を併用しているもの、軽度認知障害（MCI）に関する論文は除外し、39件の論文を分析対象とした。各論文を発行年（巻）、タイトル、著者、研究対象、研究目的、研究方法、主な効果に分けた一覧表を作成し全体を可視化した。分析の結果、1事例の研究や集団療法を実施した研究が多いことが明らかになった。また、実施したプログラムでは歌唱が最も多く、受動的より能動的音楽療法の占める割合が多いこと、専門的知識を持った音楽療法士による介入は14件のみであることが判明した。評価指標は主観的な指標も多く、一概に音楽療法の効果によりBPSDが軽減したとは言い難い論文もみられた。今後は一定数の認知症高齢者を対象にした研究の推進や、音楽療法士と看護師、介護福祉士などの専門職との連携が必要である。更に個別的な非薬物療法へ導くフローチャートや、統一した評価ができるようなアセスメントツールの開発が必要であることが示唆された。

This study's aims were to refine Music Upper Limb Therapy-Integrated (MULT-I) to create a feasible enriched environment for stroke rehabilitation and compare its biologic and behavioral effects with that of a home exercise program (HEP).This was a randomized mixed-methods study of 30 adults with post-stroke hemiparesis. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxytocin levels measured biologic effects, and upper limb function, disability, quality of life, and emotional well-being were assessed as behavioral outcomes. Participant experiences were explored using semistructured interviews.MULT-I participants showed reduced depression from preintervention to postintervention as compared with HEP participants. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels significantly increased for MULT-I participants but decreased for HEP participants, with a significant difference between groups after excluding those with post-stroke depression. MULT-I participants additionally improved quality of life and self-perceived physical strength, mobility, activity, participation, and recovery from preintervention to postintervention. HEP participants improved upper limb function. Qualitatively, MULT-I provided psychosocial support and enjoyment, whereas HEP supported self-management of rehabilitation.Implementation of a music-enriched environment is feasible, reduces post-stroke depression, and may enhance the neural environment for recovery via increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Self-management of rehabilitation through an HEP may further improve upper limb function.

The present research using music therapy was designed with the intention of evaluating the influence of the use of musical preferences on the attention and concentration of patients with early- stage Alzheimer's disease. Fifteen people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease [86.7% women, 13.3% men (MS = 13.63; SD = 1.26)] participated in the study. To carry out the research, subjects were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: listening to their musical preference or music away from the patients' sound-musical environment. The results show the importance of selecting musical themes prior study of their preferences, in order to connect, reaching greater achievements in the predisposition to music therapy sessions, although not in the effectiveness to achieve improvements in attention and concentration, mainly due to the short period of intervention. The need for the creation of tests for the measurement of attention and concentration specific to the musical field has also been highlighted, as the existing ones are not very accurate to take as a starting point reliable data to begin music therapy processes. El presente trabajo de investigación a través de la Musicoterapia fue diseñado con la intención de evaluar la influencia de la utilización de las preferencias musicales sobre la atención y concentración de pacientes con Alzheimer en fase inicial. Participaron en el estudio 15 personas diagnosticadas de Alzheimer [86,7% mujeres, 13,3% hombres (EM = 13,63; DS = 1,26)]. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se realizó una asignación aleatoria de los sujetos a una de dos condiciones experimentales: escuchar su preferencia musical o música alejada del entorno sonoro-musical de los pacientes. Los resultados muestran la importancia de seleccionar temas musicales previo estudio de sus preferencias, para conectar, alcanzando mayores logros en la predisposición a sesiones de musicoterapia, aunque no en la efectividad para conseguir mejoras en la atención y la concentración debido principalmente al período corto de intervención. También se ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de la creación de pruebas para la medida de la atención y concentración específicas para el ámbito musical, al ser poco precisas las existentes para tomar como punto de partida datos fehacientes para comenzar procesos musicoterapéuticos.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of complementary and alternative therapies used by nursing students on coping with stress. The study was conducted with 184 students who agreed to participate in the nursing department of a university between November 1-30, 2020. Data were collected on the internet. Descriptive features data form, form containing complementary alternative therapy usage features, and visual analog scale were used. The average stress score of the students was 3.04 ± 0.88, 60.3% experienced stress, 34.8% had stress-related constipation, 66.3% used a complementary and alternative therapie methods to cope with stress and the most preferred complementary and alternative therapie method (67.2%) was found to be music therapy. It was found that 98. 3% of the students were satisfied with the complementary and alternative therapie method they used. It has been concluded that the use of music therapy and herbal tea used by nursing students are effective in coping with stress, and the increasing internet use affects the use of complementary and alternative therapie method and the information source., Bu araştırma, hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin kullandığı tamamlayıcı ve alternatif terapi yöntemlerinin stresle baş etmelerine olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma 1-30 Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında bir üniversitenin hemşirelik bölümünde araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 184 öğrenci ile yapılmıştır. Veriler internet ortamında toplanmıştır. Veri toplama için tanımlayıcı özellikler veri formu, tamamlayıcı alternatif terapi kullanım durumunu içeren form ve visual analog skala kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin stres puanı ortalamalarının 3,04±0,88 olduğu, % 60,3’ünün stres yaşadığı, % 34.8’inin strese bağlı kabızlık problemi yaşadığı, % 66,3’ ünün stresle baş etmek için bir tamamlayıcı ve alternatif terapi yöntemi kullandığı ve en çok tercih edilen yöntemin (%67,2) müzik terapi olduğu bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin % 98,3’ünün kullandığı tamamlayıcı ve alternatif terapi yönteminden memnun kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kullandığı müzik terapi ve bitki çayı tüketmenin stresle baş etmelerinde etkili olduğu ve artan internet kullanımının tamamlayıcı ve alternatif terapi yöntemi kullanımı ve bilgi kaynağını etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Els cursos d’estimulació musical primerenca tenen una gran rellevància social gràcies, en part, als ben coneguts beneficis que la música té per al desenvolupament dels nadons. Però aquest fet no és suficient per explicar la gran demanda que tenen. Amb l’objectiu de comprendre les causes que empenyen els progenitors a anar a aquests tallers, aquest article pretén oferir una visió dels cursos des d’una perspectiva social, en què s’analitzen les necessitats de la família urbana moderna que els tallers intenten cobrir. Partint d’aquesta idea, s’ha realitzat un estudi de cas qualitatiu sobre els cursos d’estimulació musical per a nadons menors d’un any oferts al centre 2estones, del barri de Gràcia de Barcelona, utilitzant tècniques de recol·lecció de dades característiques de l’antropologia cultural i l’etnografia: observació participant i entrevista oberta. Els resultats van mostrar que, més enllà dels beneficis que els cursos poguessin tenir per als nens, els tallers eren valorats pels progenitors com a espais on relacionar-se socialment (amb els seus fills, amb altres pares i amb les professores) i on obtenir recursos per aplicar posteriorment a l’espai domèstic. Els cursos d’estimulació musical han de ser considerats com una part important de l’educació no formal, que recuperen espais comuns d’educació i criança i que intenten donar resposta a necessitats familiars que ni la societat, ni l’educació formal han aconseguit resoldre.

This study investigated the effects of binaural beat music on anxiety, pain, and vital signs in Korean surgical patients.This study used a non-equivalent control group pre-and post-test design.This study included 54 patients who underwent spinal nerve plastic surgery under local anesthesia. The experimental group listened to binaural beat music twice, using headphones (20 minutes before surgery and 30 minutes after surgery). We measured the participants' pain and anxiety levels using a visual analog scale for pain and anxiety. In addition, we checked the participants' systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate using a blood pressure monitor.The experimental group displayed significantly lower anxiety and pain scores than the control group after the intervention. Meanwhile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups. However, the experimental group had a significantly lower pulse rate than the control group.Our research findings showed that using binaural beat music in the nursing care of surgical patients under local anesthesia can effectively reduce postoperative pain and anxiety, contributing to improved mental health and physical well-being after surgery.

Purpose To evaluate the evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) about the effect of music intervention in reducing patients’ anxiety during breast biopsy. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using the relevant MeSH terms. The inclusion criteria were all RCTs assessing the effect of music therapy versus no music in reducing anxiety during breast biopsy. The extracted outcomes were anxiety and pain during breast biopsy. They were pooled as mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) in a fixed-effects model, using Review Manager 5.3 software for windows. The quality of included studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool (RoB 1.0). Then, the outcomes of our meta-analyses were independently evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to know the grade of their evidence. Results The final analysis included five RCTs. We found a positive effect of music therapy in reducing anxiety levels compared with control group (MD = − 2.11; 95% CI (− 4.16 to − 0.06); p = 0.04). No difference between music and control groups regarding pain associated with breast biopsy (MD = 0.22; 95% CI (− 0.81 to 1.25); p = 0.68). The GRADE rating of our outcomes was low for anxiety levels and very low for pain during the biopsy. Conclusions Music therapy could be an effective, simple, non-pharmacological option in relieving anxiety during breast biopsy; however, it had no effect on procedure-associated pain. More large and high-quality studies are needed to confirm our results.

To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of music intervention on postoperative nausea and vomiting in the first 24 hours after surgery.A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The study was conducted according to recommendations from Cochrane Handbook. The studies were selected based on PICOS inclusion and exclusion criteria. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used for bias assessment and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was used for reporting the study. Data was analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 3 software. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted using both fixed and random-effect models.There were 576 patients in the seven studies who met the inclusion criteria. The number of participants ranged from 58 to 163. Music was implemented in postoperative, intraoperative, and perioperative periods. Meta-analyses revealed that music interventions significantly reduced postoperative vomiting (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.63, Z = 2.07, Plt; 0.05, Hedge's g = 0.32), and had no statistical significant effect on postoperative nausea (95% CI: -0.13 to 0.70, Z = 1.34, Pgt; 0.05, Hedge's g = 0.28).Music intervention is effective in decreasing postoperative vomiting. Music intervention can be applied by healthcare professionals and the patients. However, more studies are still necessary to estimate the effects of postoperative nausea and vomiting and to increase the amount of available evidence.CRD42020209691.

Patients with schizophrenia often suffer from sleep disturbance. Music therapy, as a non-invasive intervention, may have benefit on sleep problem in such population. Our study aimed to investigate the efficacy of music therapy on sleep disturbance among patients with schizophrenia.This prospective study recruited participants with schizophrenia along with sleep disturbances in the chronic wards. Patients in the control group received standard care, and those in the intervention group received additional music therapy before sleeping at night for four weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure the severity of sleep disturbance. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze measure the difference of change in PSQI scores between both groups at the baseline and four weeks later. It was also applied to find the predictors of treatment efficacy within intervention group.A total of 66 (31 in control group and 35 in intervention group) participants were recruited. After adjusting with the demographic variables, the change of PSQI among intervention group was significantly more than the change among control group (Group × time; Estimate = -7.05, p 0.001), indicating the efficacy of music therapy. In addition, irreligious patients and those with chronic medical disease predicted better efficacy. Whereas, elderly patients had compromising efficacy of music therapy.Music therapy demonstrated its merit on sleep disturbance among patients with schizophrenia. Whereas, healthcare workers should consider the variability of severity in schizophrenia during clinical practice.

The reason why music can affect people’s emotional experience is that the stimulation can be transmitted to the brain through hearing, such as the thalamus and lenticular nucleus. Music therapy has a positive auxiliary treatment effect on mental health. Therefore, an evaluation model of the auxiliary effect of music therapy on mental health based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed. We construct the constraint index parameters for the evaluation of music therapy’s auxiliary effect on mental health, take parent pressure, self-pressure, teacher pressure, and social pressure as the questionnaire object parameters, take class type as the independent variable, carry out an independent sample t-test, and construct an adaptive information extraction model for the evaluation of music therapy’s auxiliary effect on mental health. Paired sample t-test is used to analyze whether there is a difference between the experimental group and the control group on the learning stress scale. According to the analysis of the difference between the experimental group and the control group, combined with the difference test analysis of the data of the stress release of music therapy on mental health, the quantitative evaluation of the auxiliary effect of music therapy on mental health is realized through artificial intelligence optimization control. The experimental results show that the accuracy and reliability of this method to analyze the auxiliary effect of music therapy on mental health are high. There are obvious changes in the data of students’ self-pressure, and the difference between the average value and standard deviation of the data before and after the course is obvious. From the perspective of the effectiveness of the course, the students in the class who implement the four relaxation experience courses in the course are under the pressure of parents, self-pressure, teacher pressure, and social pressure. There are obvious changes in the five aspects of learning pressure compared with that before the implementation of the course. After the course experience, the pressure value of most students decreases, and the course intervention effect is obvious.

Music can promote the development of physical and mental health, and its therapeutic utility has begun to receive widespread attention from scholars, who have systematically studied the therapeutic methods, processes, and utility of music with the theme of music therapy, and the topic has been extended from music therapy at the individual level to the public health domain. Therefore, it is worthwhile to further explore how the effectiveness of music as a performing arts activity in the public health domain is evaluated. However, most of the current studies focus on the evaluation of the effects of music on individual physical and mental health, and few involve the evaluation of music performing arts activities in the public health domain, which greatly hinders the potential of music performing arts applications in the public health domain. Therefore, this study proposes a dynamic and comprehensive evaluation scheme based on the cross-chain technology in blockchain and establishes a cross-chain-based information exchange model for the feasibility of information exchange between music performing arts and public health. The research findings can not only provide theoretical guidance for the formulation of public health policies but also provide technical support for the comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of music performing arts activities.

Objective: To map scientific knowledge about the use of percussion instruments in music therapy in individuals over 18 years of age in the health context. Method: Scope review with search strategy implemented in September 2021, in 13 databases, using indexed descriptors and keywords. Studies on the use of membranophones for care of people over 18 years of age were included. Studies with the participation of pregnant women, psychiatric patients (schizophrenia, psychosis, addiction), or people with hearing impairment, and journal editorials were excluded. The selection process was carried out by two independent researchers. Results: Thirteen studies were included and the results showed that the membranophones have a positive impact on the physical, psychological, and social health of people in different care environments, and allow them to repeat rhythmic patterns and play music. Active music therapy was the strategy predominantly used in interventions, and the most used membranophone was the djembe. Conclusion: The results suggest that music therapy with membranophones proved to be a viable intervention with beneficial results in improving physical, psychological, and social health of people over 18 years of age. RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear el conocimiento científico sobre el uso de instrumentos de percusión en musicoterapia en mayores de 18 años en el contexto de la salud. Método: Revisión de alcance con estrategia de búsqueda implementada en septiembre de 2021, en 13 bases de datos, utilizando descriptores indexados y palabras clave. Se incluyeron estudios sobre el uso de membranófonos en el cuidado de personas mayores de 18 años. Se excluyeron los estudios con la participación de mujeres embarazadas, pacientes psiquiátricos (esquizofrenia, psicosis, adicción) o personas con discapacidad auditiva; editoriales de revistas. El proceso de selección fue realizado por dos investigadores independientes. Resultados: Se incluyeron trece estudios y los resultados mostraron que los membranófonos tienen un impacto positivo en la salud física, psicológica y social de las personas en diferentes entornos de atención, además de permitirles repetir patrones rítmicos y reproducir música. La musicoterapia activa fue la estrategia predominantemente utilizada en las intervenciones, y el membranófono más utilizado fue el djembe. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que la musicoterapia con membranófonos demostró ser una intervención viable con resultados beneficiosos en la mejora de la salud física, psicológica y social de las personas mayores de 18 años. RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear o conhecimento científico sobre o uso de instrumentos de percussão na musicoterapia, em indivíduos maiores de 18 anos, no contexto de saúde. Método: Revisão de escopo com estratégia de busca implementada em setembro de 2021, em 13 bases de dados, utilizando-se descritores indexados e palavras-chave. Foram incluídos estudos sobre o uso de membranofones no cuidado a pessoas maiores de 18 anos. Foram excluídos estudos com participação de gestantes, pacientes psiquiátricos (esquizofrenia, psicose, adição) ou pessoas com déficit auditivo; e editoriais de revistas. O processo de seleção foi realizado por dois pesquisadores independentes. Resultados: Treze estudos foram incluídos e os resultados mostraram que os membranofones impactam de forma positiva na saúde física, psicológica e social das pessoas, em diferentes ambientes de cuidado, além de habilitá-los a repetir padrões rítmicos e musicar. A musicoterapia ativa foi a estratégia predominantemente utilizada nas intervenções, e o membranofone mais utilizado foi o djembê. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a musicoterapia com membranofones mostrou ser uma intervenção viável com resultados benéficos na melhora da saúde física, psicológica e social em pessoas maiores de 18 anos.

Communication Abstract publication - I International Congress on Complementary Therapies in Health Number 1, issue 1.

60 p. -- Bibliogr.: p. 22-24 Español El cáncer es una de las de las principales causas de morbi-mortalidad a nivel mundial que provoca un gran impacto, tanto en el paciente como en su entorno. Se trata de una enfermedad estigmatizante, que genera sufrimiento en las personas a todos los niveles. Desde el momento del diagnóstico, y durante sus diferentes fases, el dolor y ansiedad son dos síntomas con una gran incidencia. Cada vez son más los estudios que defienden la necesidad de complementar los tratamientos tradicionales con terapias alternativas que potencien el alivio de los síntomas con el menor número posible de efectos secundarios. Entre esas terapias alternativas se encuentra la musicoterapia. Esta, ha sido diseñada para tratar síntomas, tanto físicos como emocionales, que afectan de manera negativa a la calidad de vida de los pacientes, En el siguiente trabajo se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de la que se pudiera extraer la evidencia científica disponible hasta el momento sobre la efectividad de la musicoterapia sobre el dolor y la ansiedad de los pacientes oncológicos.

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is globally increasing, and the current available interventions show variable success. Thus, there is a growing interest in additional interventions such as music therapy (MT). Therefore, we aimed to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of music and people with, or at risk of, ASD. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and used PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science as databases, with “music”, “music therapy”, “autism spectrum disorder”, and “ASD” as search terms. Among the identified and screened articles, 81 out of 621 qualified as scientific studies involving a total of 43,353 participants. These studies investigated the peculiarities of music perception in people with ASD, as well as the effects of music and MT in this patient group. Most of the music-based interventions were beneficial in improving social, emotional, and behavioural problems. However, the availability of studies utilizing a rigorous randomized controlled trial (RCT) design was scarce. Most of the studies had a small sample size, and the applied therapeutic and scientific research methods were heterogeneous.

Introduction: Music is an intriguing but relatively under-researched intervention with many potential benefits for mechanically ventilated patients. The review aimed to assess the impact of listening to music as a non-pharmacological intervention on the physiological, psychological, and social responses of patients in an intensive care unit. Methods: The literature review was conducted in the fourth quarter of 2022. The overview included papers found in Science Direct, EBSCO, PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and original research papers published in English meeting the PICOS criteria. Articles published between 2010 and 2022 meeting the inclusion criteria were included for further analysis. Results: Music significantly affects vital parameters: decreases the heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing; reduces pain intensity. The analyses confirmed that music affects anxiety levels, reduces sleep disturbances and delirium occurrence, and improves cognitive function. The effectiveness of the intervention is influenced by the choice of music. Conclusions: There is evidence of the beneficial effects of music on a patient’s physiological, psychological, and social responses. Music therapy is highly effective in reducing anxiety and pain and stabilizes physiological parameters, i.e., the heart rate and respiratory rate, after music sessions in mechanically ventilated patients. Studies show that music reduces agitation in confused patients, improves mood, and facilitates communication.

To perform a systematic review on the effects of listening to music in reducing preoperative anxiety and pain (intra or postoperative) in third molar extractions.A systematic review modeled according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted. The MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant reports. To be included in the study sample, the studies were required to be randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the effects of listening to music on outcomes of third molar extraction. Two reviewers independently extracted the relevant data from the reports.A total of 1882 studies were retrieved after the duplicates were removed. After applying the inclusion criteria, five studies were included for qualitative analysis. In 4 studies, music was played before and during the extraction of the impacted third molars. In one study, music was played only before the procedure. The genres varied from classic piano music to rock, pop, jazz, folk, and even hymns. Overall, music listening was beneficial for patients in reducing preoperative anxiety or anxiety during the procedure compared to control. However, only one study demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure.Music may be an effective non-pharmacological measure to reduce preoperative anxiety in patients scheduled for third molar extraction; however, the hemodynamic effects and the effects on pain (both perioperative and postoperative) should be further explored.The side effects of certain medications may be avoided if listening to music is used in third molar extractions.

In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of music therapy on patients with depression, this paper proposes a CNN-based noise detection method with the combination of HHT and FastICA for noise removal, with good data support from the DBN model. DBN-based feature extraction and classification are completed. As the training process of DBN itself requires a large number of training samples, there are also disadvantages such as slow convergence speed and easy to fall into local minima, which lead to a large amount of effort and time, and the learning efficiency is relatively low. A DBN optimization algorithm based on artificial neural network was proposed to evaluate the efficacy of music therapy. First of all, through the comparison of music therapy experimental group and control group, to verify that music therapy is effective for the treatment of depressed patients. Secondly, we propose to optimize the selection of features based on the frequency band energy ratio and the sliding average sample entropy, respectively, and then to classify the EEG of depressed patients under different music perceptions by training the DBN model and continuously adjusting the parameters, combined with the surtax classifier, and the classification accuracy is high. In particular, it can detect the different effects of different music styles, which is of great significance for the selection of appropriate music for the treatment of depressed patients.

Technologies, such as mobile devices or sets of connected sensors, provide new and engaging opportunities to devise music-based interventions. Among the different technological options, serious games offer a valuable alternative. Serious games can engage multisensory processes, creating a rich, rewarding, and motivating rehabilitation setting. Moreover, they can be targeted to specific musical features, such as pitch production or synchronization to a beat. Because serious games are typically low cost and enjoy wide access, they are inclusive tools perfectly suited for remote at-home interventions using music in various patient populations and environments. The focus of this article is in particular on the use of rhythmic serious games for training auditory-motor synchronization. After reviewing the existing rhythmic games, initial evidence from a recent proof-of-concept study in Parkinson's disease is provided. It is shown that rhythmic video games using finger tapping can be used with success as an at-home protocol, and bring about beneficial effects on motor performance in patients. The use and benefits of rhythmic serious games can extend beyond the rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders, such as to neurodevelopmental disorders, including dyslexia and autism spectrum disorder.

Individualised music listening has been shown to reduce agitation and improve mood in people with dementia. However, there is a paucity of research describing the cost of implementing such interventions in residential care settings for older people.To determine the cost of implementing an individualised music intervention for older people with dementia in residential aged care in Australia.A simple cost analysis was undertaken to determine the cost of delivering the individualised music intervention to 32 older people with dementia at two residential aged care facilities in New South Wales. The analysis took into consideration the operating, training and delivery costs, as well as the costs of purchasing the music equipment and downloads.The cost of delivering the individualised music intervention was found to be AU$6,623.76 per year - or AU$3.98 per resident per week, at 2017 values. At 2022 values, this equates to an annual cost of AU$7,130.07 (£4,031.85) for 32 residents and a weekly cost of AU$4.28 (£2.42) per resident per week.The cost of implementing the individualised music intervention was relatively low compared with the overall cost of residential aged care for older people with dementia.

Background: Music tempo has strong clinical maneuverability and positive emotional effect in music therapy, which can directly evoke multiple emotions and dynamic neural changes in the whole brain. However, the precise relationship between music tempo and its emotional effects remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic network connectivity (dFNC) associated with emotions elicited by music at different tempi. Materials and Methods: We obtained emotion ratings of fast-tempo (155-170 beats per minute [bpm]), middle-tempo (90 bpm), and slow-tempo (50-60 bpm) piano music from 40 participants both during and after functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Group independent component analysis (ICA), sliding time window correlations, and k-means clustering were used to assess the dFNC of fMRI data. Paired t-tests were conducted to compare the difference of neural networks. Results: (1) Fast music was associated with higher ratings of emotional valence and arousal, which were accompanied with increasing dFNC between somatomotor (SM) and cingulo-opercular (CO) networks and decreasing dFNC between frontoparietal and SM networks. (2) Even with stronger activation in auditory (AUD) networks, slow music was associated with weaker emotion than fast music, with decreasing functional network connectivity across the brain and the participation of default mode (DM). (3) Middle-tempo music elicited moderate emotional activation with the most stable dFNC in the whole brain. Conclusion: Faster music increases neural activity in the SM and CO regions, increasing the intensity of the emotional experience. In contrast, slower music was associated with decreasing engagement of AUD and stable engagement of DM, resulting in a weak emotional experience. These findings suggested that the time-varying aspects of functional connectivity can help to uncover the dynamic neural substrates of tempo-evoked emotion while listening to music. Impact statement Music tempo is helpful in clarifying the neural process of music-evoked emotional processes with the activation of multiple neural networks. By investigating the dynamic network connectivity (dFNC) associated with emotions elicited by music at different tempi, this study found that faster music increased neural activity in the somatomotor and cingulo-opercular regions with increasing emotional experience. Slower music was associated with decreasing engagement of auditory and stable engagement of default mode with calm emotion. The time-varying aspects of dFNC in musical emotion evoked by three typical tempi provided the first whole-brain characterization of regional differences in functional connectivity (FC) variability and distinction of discrete FC states.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a group music therapy intervention for elementary and middle school students with mood disorders through music therapy. To explore the improvement of group music therapy on the dysphoria and state of adolescent patients with mood disorders and to explore the relationship with self-identity. A music activity-based mental health education curriculum was designed based on the results of the current survey, while two homogenous classes were selected as the experimental and control classes; subsequently, the experimental teaching of the music activity-based mental health education curriculum was conducted in the experimental class, and the regular school mental health education curriculum was conducted in the control class, and the pre- and postexperimental scale tests were used to analyze that the curriculum of this study had a positive effect of this study’s curriculum on elementary school students’ positive emotions analyzed through pre- and postexperimental scale tests. The music activity-based mental health education program had a significant positive effect on the overall level of positive emotions of elementary school students, especially in the positive emotion index, happiness index, mental toughness, goal focus, and interpersonal assistance factor. The positive psychology-oriented music activity-based mental health education curriculum is well suited for elementary and middle school students, especially for upper elementary and middle school students. The music activity-based mental health education curriculum realizes the value of applying positive psychology to mental health education efforts at the elementary school level and flexibly uses a variety of related theories to promote positive emotional experiences for elementary and middle school students.

Background: The incidence of skin cancer is increasing globally, leading to a greater need for dermatologists to perform skin surgery. However, skin surgery can be a potentially stressful experience for patients due to the fear of a possible cancer diagnosis coupled with anxiety related to pain and cosmetic outcomes. Aim: To examine whether there is any evidence to support the hypothesis that listening to music during dermatological surgery under local anaesthesia can help reduce patient anxiety. Methods: This systematic review considered all original research published until May 2020. Four relevant studies were identified, comprising a total of 381 patients (three randomized control trials and one case–control trial). Results: Two of the four studies showed a significant reduction in perioperative anxiety in patients who had listened to music during surgery. Both of the other studies showed no statistically significant difference between music and no music for patients, although one of these noted reduced anxiety in surgeons. Conclusion: There is currently limited evidence to support the use of perioperative music in clinical practice to reduce anxiety in skin surgery. However, given the potential benefits and the likely limited costs of this simple intervention, we believe that further research on this topic is warranted.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of music during pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure on children's pain, fear, anxiety and vital signs.This randomized, blind controlled study was conducted with the guidelines of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The sample of children was allocated to the Control Group, the Classic Music Group, and the Self-Selected Group. Pain, fear, and anxiety levels were measured before and after the pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure. Vital signs were measured before, during, and after the pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure.There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic status, pain, fear, or anxiety levels and vital signs before the procedure. In post pediatric cardiac catheterization measurement in the recovery phase, pain, fear levels, anxiety levels, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of children in the musical intervention groups were lower than the control group. No statistical difference was found in terms of pain, fear and anxiety levels of the children in groups Classic and Self-Selected.The result of this research reveals that musical intervention applied during the pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure in children affects the reduction of pain, fear and anxiety levels and stabilization of vital signs. This intervention could be an effective nonpharmacological method to improve outcomes.Nurses can improve children's comfort by using musical interventions.This study was registered at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials (code: NCT04316754).

Chronic pain with its comorbidities, such as depression, insomnia, and social deprivation, is a major cause of disability and health-economic burden. Insufficient response to pain medication and potentially serious adverse effects have led the majority of chronic pain patients to seek relief from non-pharmacological remedies. Along with this trend, pain research has paid increasing interest in critical evaluation of various complementary treatments. Music-based treatments have emerged as an efficacious and safe means to enhance the management of acute and chronic pain. We review the current position of music-based interventions in the treatment of chronic pain and present explanations for the analgesic effects of music through modulation of the primary nociception and discuss the contribution of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system to the affective component of pain perception. We propose ways to translate the novel theoretical understanding into clinical practice in different health care settings, primary health care in particular, and discuss the preconditions of successful implementation. We argue that music interventions provide low-cost, easily applicable complementary pain treatments not requiring heavy utilization of health care resources. Finally, we provide research and quality improvement frameworks and make suggestions to cover the gaps of existing evidence. PERSPECTIVE: This article addresses the current evidence for analgesic effects of music interventions, discusses its neurobiological basis and evaluates potential use of music in treating chronic pain patients in different health care settings. We also propose directions for future research to cover shortages in the currently published data.

Ninety percent of tumour patients have negative emotions during or after anti-tumour treatment, resulting in depression. Western medicine antidepressants have many adverse reactions. Patients often discontinue antidepressants due to intolerance.This study aims to observe the clinical effect of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli decoction with five-element music therapy in treating cancer-related mild and moderate depression.A total of 120 patients with depression in the Oncology Department of Tangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province, from July 2017 to March 2019, were selected and randomly divided into the control and study groups (60 cases each) by the random number table method. The study group was treated with Chaihu plus Longgu Muli decoction with five-element music therapy for depression. The control group was treated with escitalopram tablets. After three courses of treatment, the degree of depression, clinical efficacy, quality of life, serum norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels were observed.After treatment, the HAMD-24 (Hamilton Depression 24) scale scores of the study group (13.93 ± 6.32) were lower than the control group (19.04 ± 7.46), and the difference was statistically significant (xChaihu plus Longgu Muli decoction with five-element music therapy can effectively alleviate patients' cancer-related depression and improve their quality of life, which is worthy of promotion.

To systematically synthesize the effect of music therapy interventions applied to patients with hematological cancer on fatigue.The searches were conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost/CINAHL Complete, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Ovid, ProQuest, and Springer Link databases until August 2021 without any year limitation. The review covered the period between 2003 and 2020. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3 software was used in the analysis of meta-analysis data. The meta-analysis was carried out following the PRISMA checklist. Risks of bias were examined by two independent researchers using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.Six randomized controlled trials consisting of 279 participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The count of music therapy interventions in the included studies ranged between 1 and 8 sessions per participant, each of which was 20 to 45 min long. The music therapy interventions applied to patients with hematological cancers were found to be effective in reducing the severity of fatigue (95% Cl = 0.10 ~ 0.57; Hedge's g = 0.03; p = 0.006).The findings of the meta-analysis indicated that music therapy interventions made important and positive contributions to reducing fatigue in patients with hematological cancer. Music therapy interventions are a convenient method to reduce fatigue because they are comfortable and non-invasive. It will be beneficial to increase the awareness of nurses about the implementation of music therapy interventions. It is recommended that music therapy interventions applied to patients with a diagnosis of hematological cancer should be considered interventions that can be used together with other non-pharmacological or pharmacological methods to reduce fatigue.

Objective: Cognitive, neuropsychiatric and functional deficits are core symptoms of dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, when used in conjunction with pharmacological treatment, have the potential to alleviate these symptoms. The purpose of this preliminary study is to examine the active music therapy on cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly with mild and moderate dementia. Methods: The initial sample consisted of outpatients with dementia (N = 15) and their family members or caregivers (N = 15). Two dyads did not complete the assessments before intervention and were excluded from the analysis. Thirteen females (N = 13) comprised the final sampled and were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (N = 10), vascular dementia (N = 2) and mixed dementia (N = 1), at mild (N = 11) and moderate (N = 2) dementia stage. Participants were enrolled in an open-label trial of active music therapy group, set to take place once weekly for 60 minutes over a period of 12 weeks. Results: Participants experienced a slight improvement on cognition measured with Mini-Mental State Examination (p = 0.41), although without statistical significance and a statistically significant decrease in anxiety (p = 0.042) in post-intervention. There were no significant effects on quality of life and caregiver burden. Conclusions: Active music therapy is a promising intervention with good acceptance among participants. More studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm its effects and efficacy in cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. RESUMO Objetivo: Distúrbios cognitivos, comportamentais e funcionais são sintomas nucleares na demência. Intervenções não farmacológicas, como a musicoterapia, quando usadas em conjunto com o tratamento farmacológico, têm o potencial de aliviar esses sintomas. O objetivo deste estudo preliminar é examinar a musicoterapia ativa na cognição e nos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos em idosos com demência leve e moderada. Métodos: A amostra inicial foi composta por pacientes ambulatoriais com demência (N = 15) e seus familiares ou cuidadores (N = 15). Duas duplas não completaram as avaliações antes da intervenção e foram excluídas da análise. Treze mulheres (N = 13) compuseram a amostra final e foram diagnosticadas com doença de Alzheimer (N = 10), demência vascular (N = 2) e demência mista (N = 1), nos estágios leve (N = 11) e moderado (N = 2). Os participantes foram inscritos em um estudo aberto de grupo de musicoterapia ativa, programado para ocorrer uma vez por semana, com duração de 60 minutos, durante o período de 12 semanas. Resultados: Os participantes experimentaram uma discreta melhora cognitiva medida pelo Miniexame do Estado Mental (p = 0.41), embora sem significância estatística, e uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa na ansiedade (p = 0.042) na pós-intervenção. Não houve efeitos significativos na qualidade de vida e sobrecarga do cuidador. Conclusões: A musicoterapia ativa é uma intervenção promissora, com boa aceitação entre os participantes. Mais estudos com amostras maiores são necessários para confirmar seus efeitos e eficácia em sintomas cognitivos e neuropsiquiátricos na demência.

Background This study explores live and recorded music listening in the outpatient pain clinic. There is evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of live and recorded music in a hospital setting but a comparison study of this kind has yet to be conducted. Methods A multimethod survey study design was used. A questionnaire utilizing rating scales was self-administered across two outpatient pain clinic waiting rooms. Patients were included through convenience sampling. In one clinic, a playlist of recorded music curated by two of the authors was provided. In the second clinic, a music therapy student played live music using guitar, flute, and voice. The questionnaire gathered data on music's impact on pain and emotional states, as well as attitudes toward music in the waiting room. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data, gathered in the questionnaires open ended question, was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The questionnaire was completed by 200 adult patients. Patients reported lowered levels of anxiety, stress, and pain in both clinics, as well as a shorter waiting time and more caring experience. Patients in the live music clinic reported that music lowered levels of stress, nervousness, agitation, and pain more than in the recorded music clinic. Conclusions Participants in this study identified that music is a useful tool in the pain clinic waiting room. This study contributes to evidence that music should be considered as a complimentary treatment for people living with pain and in the wider hospital setting. Additional research is warranted with a control group, pre- and posttesting, and studies of music in hospitals in a range of cultural contexts.

As with typically developing children, children with cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder develop important socio-emotional rapport with their parents and healthcare providers. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these relationships have been less studied. By simultaneously measuring the brain activity of multiple individuals, interbrain synchronization could serve as a neurophysiological marker of social-emotional responses. Music evokes emotional and physiological responses and enhances social cohesion. These characteristics of music have fostered its deployment as a therapeutic medium in clinical settings. Therefore, this study investigated two aspects of interbrain synchronization, namely, its phase and directionality, in child-parent (CP) and child-therapist (CT) dyads during music and storytelling sessions (as a comparison). A total of 17 participants (seven cerebral palsy or autism spectrum disorder children [aged 12-18 years], their parents, and three neurologic music therapists) completed this study, comprising seven CP and seven CT dyads. Each music therapist worked with two or three children. We found that session type, dyadic relationship, frequency band, and brain region were significantly related to the degree of interbrain synchronization and its directionality. Particularly, music sessions and CP dyads were associated with higher interbrain synchronization and stronger directionality. Delta (.5-4Hz) range showed the highest phase locking value in both CP and CT dyads in frontal brain regions. It appears that synchronization is directed predominantly from parent to child, that is, parents and music therapists' brain activity tended to influence a child's. Our findings encourage further research into neural synchrony in children with disabilities, especially in musical contexts, and its implications for social and emotional development.

Background. Children with cancer are subjected to aggressive tests and treatments that can affect their emotional states. Studies available in the academic literature analyse the effect of music therapy on the emotions of these patients are scarce. Objectives. The objective of this study was to explore and transform the emotional responses that may arise with the application of music therapy (MT) in children with oncological pathology. Methods. The methodology of this study was based on the participatory action research approach. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 27 children with cancer who participated in 65MT sessions. Interviews were also conducted with their families. Results. We conducted a thematic analysis using MAXQDA software. Three main categories emerged from this process as follows: (1) expression: children with cancer stated that MT made it easier for them to express their emotions, with indirect benefits to families; (2) participation: patients showed interest in the sessions; and (3) experiences: MT was valued and created a positive environment. The results of this research demonstrate the positive transformative power MT had on children with cancer in terms of their emotions. Conclusions. Positive results were achieved through MT that encouraged the expression of emotions by children with cancer and favoured and improved their moods. In addition, it also encouraged social interactions in the hospital and helped the children to better cope with their illness through self-awareness. Their families also benefited. Therefore, we encourage healthcare professionals to support the use of MT in paediatric oncology settings.

IntroductionMental health care provided to offenders with psychiatric problems in forensic settings mainly consists of verbal oriented treatments. In addition, experience-based therapies are used such as (creative) arts therapies: (visual) art therapy, music therapy, drama therapy and dance (movement) therapy. There are indications for effectiveness of arts therapies, but a systematic overview of effect studies of all arts therapies in forensic care is lacking.MethodsFirst, we performed a systematic review. Second, Thematic Analysis was used to synthesize the qualitative narrative results and define the hypothesized mechanisms of change. Third, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of arts therapies in reducing psychosocial problems of offenders. Twenty-three studies were included in the review. Quality and risk of bias was assessed using EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project).ResultsThe included studies were heterogeneous in type of outcome measures and intervention characteristics. Synthesis of mechanisms of change involved in the methodical use of the arts in arts therapies resulted in a description of regulatory processes which are stimulated in arts therapies: perceptive awareness (interoceptive and exteroceptive), the regulation of emotions, stress, impulses, cognitions, social regulation, and self-expression. These processes play a role in developing prevention, coping and self-management skills. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analyses (11 RCTs/CCTs; 7 pre-post studies). The meta-analyses indicated significant effects on both risk factors (psychiatric symptoms and addiction) and protective factors for criminal behavior (social functioning and psychological functioning). Effects on criminal and/or antisocial behavior were not significant, but this outcome measure was scarcely used among the studies.DiscussionThe analyses in this study should be considered explorative. More research is needed to gain more solid conclusions about effectiveness and mechanisms of change of arts therapies in forensic institutions. However, the results of this first systematic review, synthesis of mechanisms and meta-analysis in this field are promising and show effects of arts therapies on risk and protective factors in individuals in forensic institutions.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020217884, identifier: CRD42020217884.

This article focuses on the training of music therapists, that is to say future professionals in music medicine, in private practice or in institutions. First, the text questions the foundations of the discipline: what do we call music therapy? is music therapy sound therapy? can music be considered independently of dance? is music therapy an art therapy? Secondly, it considers the skills necessary for the training of music therapists, ultimately asking the question of whether training would not benefit from addressing mental health professionals rather than all-comers students.; Cet article s'intéresse à la formation des musicothérapeutes, c'est-à-dire des futurs professionnels en médecine musicale, en cabinet privé ou en institutions. Dans un premier temps, le texte interroge les fondements de la discipline : qu'appelle-ton musicothérapie ? la musicothérapie est-elle une sono-thérapie ? la musique peut-elle être considérée indépendamment de la danse ? la musicothérapie est-elle une art-thérapie ? Dans un second temps, il envisage les compétences nécessaires à la formation du musicothérapeute, en posant au bout du compte la question de savoir si les formations ne gagneraient pas à s'adresser à des professionnels de la santé mentale plutôt qu'à des étudiants tout-venant.

Background: Music therapy is a process in which health is stimulated and promoted by exposing oneself to musical experiences. In COVID-19, music therapy has been used in physical and neurological rehabilitation. However, the evidence describing the relationship between music and the autonomic nervous system is limited. Methods: A clinical crossover trial was carried out to evaluate the association between the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in this population when exposed to sound stimulation through strictly selected pieces of music. Instrumental work of 8 minutes and 34 seconds in duration, composed and produced specifically for the purposes of intervention and research in the treatment of COVID. Results: A total of 27 patients were included in the study, of which 13 underwent the music-silence sequence and 14 the silence-music sequence in a first study period, later the patients were analyzed in the opposite sequences in a second study period. A greater effect of music therapy on the sympathetic nervous system was evidenced in both sequences of studies in the intervention and control group (p=0.078). The stress index presented greater activity in both sequences when receiving musical notes compared to silence (p=0.089). Conclusion: Music presents a greater stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, and silence on the parasympathetic system.&nbsp

In the article, the effect of choral singing on the development of the emotional intelligence of a person is theoretically substantiated and empirically investigated. It was established that choral singing has a relationship with the emotional intelligence of a person and affects its development. Psychological phenomena arising in the process of choral performance are considered in this article in terms of the formation of the emotional intelligence of the individual. It was established that the relationship between choral art and emotional intelligence is manifested in the following psychological phenomena: empathy, self-awareness of emotions; the development of self-control, which is connected with the development of internal possibilities of adaptation to a stressful situation; managing relations, development of cooperation; social responsibility, attention and respect for individual personal characteristics of everyone, which can be effectively formed in the process of choral singing. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities and directions of the use of choral art in modern practice and its scientific and theoretical understanding. The main focus of the study is on the influence of the choir on the formation of the components of emotional intelligence as the most promising technology for the psychological harmonization of the emotional and the rational in a person. The research was conducted using such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, classification, comparison, content analysis. The results of the study summarize the prospects of using choral singing in the formation of the emotional intelligence of the individual., У статті розглянуто психологічні особливості хорового співу, окреслено його роль у формуванні емоційного інтелекту особистості. Визначено основні компоненти емоційного інтелекту особистості, а також приділено увагу основам їх розвитку. Констатовано, що хоровий спів взаємозв’язаний з емоційним інтелектом особистості, впливає на його формування та розвиток. Досліджено емпіричні аспекти впливу хорового мистецтва на особистість у контексті емоційного інтелекту, визначено рівні прояву емоційного інтелекту в експериментальній та контрольній групах.

Introduction: Music is of vital importance for cognition, human care, and the formation of social communities throughout life. Dementia is a neurocognitive disorder that affects cognitive domains, and in late-stage dementia, care is needed in all aspects of daily living. Within residential care home contexts, carers play a significant role for the “caring culture” but often lack professional training in verbal and nonverbal communication skills. Thus, there is a need for training carers to respond to the multidimensional needs of persons with dementia. Music therapists use musical interactions but are not trained to train carers. Therefore, our aim was to explore person-attuned musical interactions (PAMI), and additionally, to develop and evaluate a training manual to be used by music therapists when supporting and training carers in nonverbal communication with persons with late-stage dementia in residential care home contexts. Research process: With a realist perspective and systems thinking and within the framework for complex intervention research, the research group integrated several overlapping subprojects by applying a non-linear and iterative research process. Core elements related to person-centred dementia care as well as learning objectives were considered through the following four phases; Developing, Feasibility, Evaluation, and Implementation. Results: The result was a training manual for qualified music therapists to use when teaching and collaborating with carers about how to implement PAMI in dementia care. The manual included comprehensive resources, a clear structure for training, defined learning objectives, and integration of theory. Discussion: With increased knowledge about caring values and nonverbal communication, residential care home cultures may develop carer competencies and provide professional attuned care for persons with dementia. Further piloting and testing to examine the general effect on caring cultures is needed. Introduction: Music is of vital importance for cognition, human care, and the formation of social communities throughout life. Dementia is a neurocognitive disorder that affects cognitive domains, and in late-stage dementia, care is needed in all aspects of daily living. Within residential care home contexts, carers play a significant role for the “caring culture” but often lack professional training in verbal and non-verbal communication skills. Thus, there is a need for training carers to respond to the multidimensional needs of persons with dementia. Music therapists use musical interactions but are not trained to train carers. Therefore, our aim was to explore person-attuned musical interactions (PAMI), and additionally, to develop and evaluate a training manual to be used by music therapists when supporting and training carers in non-verbal communication with persons with late-stage dementia in residential care home contexts. Research process: With a realist perspective and systems thinking and within the framework for complex intervention research, the research group integrated several overlapping subprojects by applying a non-linear and iterative research process. Core elements related to person-centered dementia care as well as learning objectives were considered through the following four phases; Developing, Feasibility, Evaluation, and Implementation. Results: The result was a training manual for qualified music therapists to use when teaching and collaborating with carers about how to implement PAMI in dementia care. The manual included comprehensive resources, a clear structure for training, defined learning objectives, and integration of theory. Discussion: With increased knowledge about caring values and non-verbal communication, residential care home cultures may develop carer competencies and provide professional attuned care for persons with dementia. Further piloting and testing to examine the general effect on caring cultures is needed.

Objectives: Examine whether change in clinical outcomes in Music Therapy (MT) vs Music Listening (ML) for people withschizophrenia and negative symptoms is related to moderators and mediators, with focus on alliance, attendance and drop out.Method: An exploratory post-hoc analysis of data from an original randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigating the effect of MTvs. ML for people with schizophrenia and negative symptoms. Inclusion to the study was implemented through screening ofreferred patients for symptoms of schizophrenia and negative symptoms. A total of 57 patients were randomly assigned, 28 to MTand 29 to ML. Session logs and notes were included in this study. Statistical analysis investigated moderator and mediator relationto outcome variables.Results: On average, participants in MT attended 18.86 sessions (SD=7.17), whereas those in ML attended 12.26 (SD=9.52), astatistically significant difference (p=0.0078). Dropout at 25 weeks was predicted by intervention, with dropout being 2.65(SE=1.01) times more likely in ML than in music therapy (p = 0.009). Helping alliance score at weeks was explained by intervention,with mean score being 0.68 (SE=0.32) points lower in ML than in MT (p = 0.042). The number of sessions attended was alsoexplained by intervention, with participants in ML attending on average 6.17 (SE=2.24) fewer sessions than those randomized toMT (p = 0.008). Though both groups improved significantly, improvements in negative symptoms, depression, and functioningtended to be higher in ML, whereas improvements in alliance and quality of life tended to be higher in MT.Conclusion: The analysis could not detect a direct link between helping alliance score and outcome variables. However, the analysisdocumented a stronger alliance developed in the MT group, a lower drop-out rate, as well as higher attendance in treatment. Objectives: Examine whether change in clinical outcomes for patients with schizophrenia and negative symptoms randomized to either Music Therapy (MT) or Music Listening (ML) is associated to moderators and mediators, with focus on alliance, attendance and dropout.Method: An exploratory post-hoc analysis of data from an original randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating the effect of MT vs. ML for people with schizophrenia and negative symptoms. Inclusion to the study was implemented through screening of referred patients for symptoms of schizophrenia and negative symptoms. A total of 57 patients were randomly assigned, 28 to MT and 29 to ML. Session logs and notes were included in this study. Statistical analysis investigated moderator and mediator relation to outcome variables: Negative symptoms, functioning, quality of life, and retention to treatment.Results: On average, participants in MT attended 18.86 sessions (SD = 7.17), whereas those in ML attended 12.26 (SD = 9.52), a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0078). Dropout at 25 weeks was predicted by intervention, with dropout being 2.65 (SE = 1.01) times more likely in ML than in music therapy (p = 0.009). Helping alliance score at weeks was explained by intervention, with mean score being 0.68 (SE = 0.32) points lower in ML than in MT (p = 0.042). The number of sessions attended was also explained by intervention, with participants in ML attending on average 6.17 (SE = 2.24) fewer sessions than those randomized to MT (p = 0.008). Though both groups improved significantly, improvements in negative symptoms, depression, and functioning tended to be higher in ML, whereas improvements in alliance and quality of life tended to be higher in MT.Conclusion: The analysis could not detect a direct link between helping alliance score and outcome variables. However, the analysis documented a stronger alliance developed in the MT group, a lower dropout rate, as well as higher attendance in treatment.

Background: Patients undergoing surgery and general anesthesia often experience anxiety, fear and stress, with negative bodily responses. These may be managed by the pre-procedural application of anxiolytic, analgesic, and anesthetic drugs that have, however, potential risks or side effects. Music therapy (MT) can be used as a complementary no-drug intervention alongside standard surgical care before, during and after medical procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative MT intervention compared to premedication with midazolam on levels of anxiety, sedation and stress during general anesthesia for elective stomatology surgery. Methods: A two-arm randomized and controlled single-center, parallel-group, pre–post event study was conducted. In total, 70 patients affected by stage I or II (both clinically and instrumentally N0) micro-invasive oral cancer and undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were assigned to the control group (CG) or to the music therapy group (MTG). MTG patients received preoperative music therapy intervention (MT) from a certified music therapist before surgery, while the CG patients did not receive MT but instead received premedication with intravenous midazolam, 0.02 mg/kg. Anesthesia was the same in both groups. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at the entrance to the operating room, just before the induction of anesthesia and every 5 min until the end of surgery. An anxiety visual analogues scale (A-VAS) was used to evaluate the level of anxiety. The bispectral index (BIS) monitor was used to measure the depth of sedation just before and 10 min after both music intervention and midazolam administration. Stress response was assessed 5 min before and 20 min after surgery via the control of plasma prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol levels. The patient global impression of satisfaction (PGIS) was tested 1 h after surgery. Participants in the MTG were asked to answer 3 questions concerning their experience with MT. Results: No statistical differences among the PRL, GH and cortisol levels between the two groups were registered before and after the treatment, as well as for PAS, PAD and HR. Significant differences in the A-VAS scores between the MTG and CG (p < 0.01) was observed. Compared to the CG, MTG patients had a statistically significantly lower BIS score (p = 0.02) before induction. A PGIS score of 86.7% revealed that patients in the MTG were very satisfied, versus 80% in the CG (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative music therapy could be an alternative to intravenous midazolam when aiming to promote a preoperative and post-operative state of anxiolysis and sedation in stomatology surgery, even if no differences were found in terms of the surgery-related stress response according to physiological and hormonal determinations.

Resumen El presente trabajo de investigación buscó demostrar cómo la musicoterapia sirve como estrategia para afrontar el estrés en maestros de básica primaria de la Institución Educativa José Eustasio Rivera, sede Jardín, de la ciudad de Neiva, Huila. Para ello se aplicó una metodología de tipo de Investigación Acción Participativa, con una muestra intencional de 11 participantes docentes, durante 20 sesiones, con un enfoque de musicoterapia aplicada en educación. A través de un cuestionario sociodemográfico se identificaron las participantes y su contexto; igualmente se empleó el cuestionario de estrés para la identificación del estrés de cada participante. Mediante entrevista semiestructurada y los indicadores psicosonoros de integración vincular de Pellizzari y Rodríguez (2006) se lograron los índices pertinentes para abordar la presente investigación. Los resultados muestran que las docentes están sometidas a diversas cargas de estrés y que la intervención musicoterapéutica les ayudó como gestor emocional a mejorar sus estados de ánimo y a reducir la carga de estrés, básicamente tras despertar recuerdos y emociones propias de la infancia y otros momentos altamente significativos que se convierten en estrategias de afrontamiento contra estímulos estresores que debido a la satisfacción da lugar a la reconstrucción cognitiva. En conclusión, la intervención musicoterapéutica contribuye al manejo y decremento del estrés. Palabras clave: Musicoterapia, estrés, estrategia, afrontamiento, profesores, primaria (Texto tomado de la página) Abstract The present research work sought to determine how music therapy promotes coping strategies to prevent stress in elementary school teachers of the José Eustasio Rivera Educational Institution, Jardín headquarters in the city of Neiva, Huila. Thus, a qualitative methodology of the type of participatory action research was defined, with an intentional sample of 11 teaching participants during 20 sessions, with the focus of music therapy in education. Through a sociodemographic questionnaire, the participants and their context were identified, in the stress questionnaire it was used to identify the stress of each participant, through the semi-structured interview and the psycho-sound indicators of link integration of Pellizari (2006) provided the pertinent indices for the approach of the present investigation. The results show that the teachers are subjected to various loads of stress and that the music-therapeutic intervention helped them as an emotional management to improve their moods and lighten the load of stress basically after awakening memories and emotions typical of childhood and other highly significant moments that become coping strategies against stressful stimuli that, due to satisfaction as a strategy, lead to cognitive reconstruction. In conclusion, the music therapy intervention contributes to the management and decrease of stress. Keywords: Music therapy, stress, strategies, coping, teachers, primary No Aplica Maestría Magister en Musicoterapia La presente investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo que se desarrolló por medio de la Investigación acción. Asimismo, se presenta la descripción de los abordajes musicoterapéutico sobre los cuales se realizaron observaciones y valoraciones sustentadas en instrumentos aplicados (protocolos de análisis de sesión, entrevistas e Indicadores Psicosonoros de Integración Vincular). En consecuencia, una vez elaborada la fundamentación que permite comprender la problemática y la elaboración de un plan de abordaje basado en la utilización de los cuatros métodos planteados por Bruscia que dan apertura al ciclo de implementación del proceso musicoterapéutico que tiene como propósito promover estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés con las docentes. Cualitativa

A multi-phase investigation was conducted to question potentials within music therapy of a new electrorganic frame drum musical instrument from Japan titled the ‘aFrame’. Two professional music therapists collaborated in this third phase of testing under the work in progress. One of the two music therapists tested the aFrame within numerous sessions with two profoundly disabled clients across generations i.e., an adolescent male and an adult woman. Observations including video recordings as baseline analysis. A goal of the study was to identify strengths and weaknesses of the new instrument in the field of (re)habilitation, especially across spectrums of those with profound dysfunction, special needs situations, and across ages. A goal of the overall work of some four decades, titled SoundScapes, is to achieve an ultimate compendium of tools for human performance to create specific interactive environments to support therapists, caregivers, and for own self-training through engaged and motivated creativity, self-expression, and play. Such environments as created by the first author have been used in his stage performances and installations (e.g., at Museums of Modern Art). The tools are thus considered transdisciplinarity forming a new holistic approach aligned to his six patents. Results from the investigation question the contextual potential of the aFrame due to a typical lack of motoric control aligned to the fragility and expense of the instrument – challenges were evident for those with diminished or lack of physical limb control. To optimize use, add-on footswitches and pedals are recommended with the aFrame instrument. These give added options including remote switching and an audio streaming interface mixer for optimal Online streaming of instrument (and voice) that would have been especially useful during the Coronavirus pandemic so that the music therapists could have continued their interactions with clients remotely (i.e., beyond video conferencing quality). Alternatives to the aFrame are posit and selected from the new generation of instruments and pedals controlling digital media as presented at the end of the text.

Aims and objectives: Evidence suggests that preparing patients for surgery using nonpharmacological strategies reduces their anxiety. However, there is no consensus on what the best practices are. This study aims to answer the question: Are interventions using nonpharmacological therapies effective in reducing preoperative anxiety? Background: Preoperative anxiety causes physiological and psychological adverse effects, with a negative effect on postoperative recovery. Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, between 266 and 360 million surgical procedures are performed annually worldwide, and it is estimated that more than 50% of patients will experience some degree of preoperative anxiety. Design: Systematic review of systematic reviews with results of interventions aimed at mitigating preoperative anxiety. Methods: A search was conducted for systematic reviews with meta-analyses published between 2012 and 2021 in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 scale. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Results: A total of 1016 studies were examined, of which 17 systematic reviews were selected, yielding 188 controlled trials with 16,884 participants. In adults, the most common intervention included music, followed by massage, in children virtual reality and clowns. Almost all controlled trials reported a reduction in preoperative anxiety after the intervention, of which almost half had statistically significant results. Conclusion: Interventions that include music, massage and virtual reality reduce preoperative anxiety and have shown that they are cost-effective, minimally invasive and with a low risk of adverse effects. Preoperative anxiety can be reduced through a short-term intervention involving nursing professionals as an alternative or complement to drugs. FUNDING INFORMATION: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Journal Pre-proof. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The authors would like to thank Roberto Martin Melón for his contribution to the literature search.

The article analyzes the general approaches to the problem of the specifics of the application of musical art therapy techniques to preserve the mental health of the individual by forming the emotional steeliness of the individual. The data on the increase of individuals with various psychological problems that require special correction are presented. Based on the analysis of psychological-pedagogical and special literature and the data of practical research on the problem, the specifics of the impact of music art therapy on the personality were considered and the specifics of the impact of art on the mental health of the individual were revealed. Various scientific approaches to the interpretation of the term “art therapy” are presented, the meaning of which emphasizes the need for real help for children and adults for the development and resolution of personal problems, providing support and opportunities for self-realization in the process of integration into society. It was established that the main mechanisms of psychological correction of art therapy on personality are: the mechanism of sublimation and transformation, the mechanism of empathic encouragement; imitation mechanism; the mechanism of influence of an artistic image, words; the mechanism of non-verbal influence of art; transfer mechanism; mechanism of persuasion. It has been established that the techniques of music art therapy help the individual to improve adaptive capabilities and educational results; master new role models; to acquire a complex of communicative, social, academic knowledge, abilities and skills; increase intellectual processes and self-esteem; expand social contacts; improve the general psycho-emotional state, solve emotional problems., У статті проаналізовано загальні підходи до проблеми особливостей застосування технік музичної арттерапії щодо збереження психічного здоров’я особистості шляхом формування емоційної стабільності особистості. Музична терапія сьогодні знаходить дедалі ширше застосування у психолого-педагогічних технологіях та медицині. Практикою доведено, що спеціальні музичні програми мають лікувальні властивості.

Diese Masterarbeit gibt einen Einblick in den Themenkomplex Inklusion und Musiktherapie (MT) basierend auf Erfahrungen aus der beruflichen Praxis mit Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen des Sehens (BDS) bzw. auf dem Autismus-Spektrum (AS). Forschungsfragen sind, inwiefern MT zur Inklusion beitragen kann, welche inklusionsfördernden Aspekte MT beinhaltet, in welchen Bereichen (Schule, Beruf, Freizeit) MT konkret zur Inklusion beitragen kann, welche Grenzen im Hinblick auf MT und Inklusion bestehen, und ob Unterschiede in der Herangehensweise der MT mit Menschen mit BDS und Menschen auf dem AS bestehen. Es wurden Expert*innen-Interviews durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass MT aus Sicht der Expert*innen Potenzial hat, inklusive Prozesse zu unterstützen. In allen Bereichen Schule, Beruf und Freizeit zeigten sich inklusionsfördernde Möglichkeiten der MT. Über Musik können Menschen aller Altersgruppen und Fähigkeiten zu gemeinsamen Aktivitäten zusammenkommen und Vorurteile abbauen. In den Interviews wurde außerdem deutlich, dass gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen wie knappe Ressourcen und die Wahrnehmung des Musikbereichs als nicht produktiven Sektor inklusive Prozesse mithilfe von MT behindern. In der therapeutischen Herangehensweise konnten Unterschiede identifiziert werden. Bei BDS liegt der Fokus auf den auditiven bzw. vibrotaktilen Wahrnehmungsfähigkeiten, sowie auf sozialer Interaktion und Kommunikation. Bei Menschen auf dem AS geht es um den Umgang der Klient*innen mit Reizverarbeitungsprozessen, Strukturierung der Aktivitäten sowie um den Transfer von Strategien aus der Therapie in den Alltag. Insgesamt gesehen sollten die Potentiale von MT bezüglich der Inklusion mehr genutzt werden und ein Umdenken in der Gesellschaft vorangebracht werden. Das Medium Musik erscheint als sehr geeignet hierfür, wie auch ein in der Arbeit enthaltener Exkurs über Ezio Bosso und seine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Musik und Inklusion zeigt., This master's thesis gives an insight into the topic of inclusion and MT from the point of view of experts working in the field of music therapy (MT) based on their experience from professional practice with people with visual impairments (VIs) or with people on the autism spectrum (AS). In this master's thesis, the aim is to investigate to what extent MT can contribute to inclusion, which inclusion-promoting aspects MT includes, in which areas (school, work, leisure time) MT can specifically contribute to inclusion and which limits exist with regard to MT and inclusion. In view of the large number of MT methods, it is also interesting to see whether there are differences in the approach to MT with people with VIs and people on the AS. Expert interviews were conducted which showed that, from the experts' point of view, MT has the potential to support inclusive processes. In all three areas of school, work and leisure, there were opportunities for MT to promote inclusion. Through music, people of all ages and abilities can come together for joint activities and reduce prejudices. In the interviews, it also became clear that social conditions such as scarce resources and the perception of the music sector as a non-productive sector impede processes with the help of MT. Differences in the therapeutic approach could be identified. With VIs, the focus is on auditory or vibrotactile perception skills, as well as on social interaction and communication. For people on the AS, it is about the clients' handling of stimulus processing processes, structuring of activities and the transfer of strategies from therapy into everyday life. Overall, the potential of MT in terms of inclusion should be used more and a rethinking in society towards a recognition of diversity should be promoted. The medium of music seems to be very suitable for this, like the digression in this thesis about Ezio Bosso and his critical point of view on the topic music and inclusion shows.

IntroductionIndividuals with dementia residing in care homes can rely heavily on care staff to access activities and meaningful interactions. Previous research suggests that care home interactions can be short, fragmented and task-orientated due to staff workload and residents’ language impairments. However, music has the potential to be an alternative communication form that remains intact in the later stages of dementia. This systematic review aims to explore how care home music interventions can facilitate social interactions.MethodsA narrative synthesis was conducted to explore the mechanisms behind how and why care home music intervention facilitate social interactions. The four-element framework guided analysis; (1) Developing a theory, (2) Developing a preliminary synthesis, (3) Exploring relationships, (4) Assessing robustness.FindingsThe final synthesis included 23 articles. The studies consisted of music therapy sessions, personalised music listening, structured music singing or instrument playing sessions and music therapeutic care. Despite the difference in music interventions, most studies reported an increase in residents’ sociable verbal and non-verbal communication and a decrease in unsociable communication. Music interventions allowed residents to reminisce, express themselves, focus and connect with others.DiscussionThe studies highlighted music interventions are accessible to all residents with dementia despite their impairments. The adaptability allows individuals to continue to connect and express themselves even when language deteriorates. More research is needed into the enablers and barriers to implementing interventions into practice, as this systematic review has highlighted that some form of music intervention for all residents can be highly beneficial. Care homes use of music could increase social interactions and meaningful activities.

Poor sleep health is a risk factor for and a common symptom of dementia. Music has been shown to improve sleep across a wide range of clinical and community populations. However, it is unclear whether and to what extent music interventions may also help alleviate sleep problems in people with dementia. This systematic review is the first review examining the effects of music on sleep outcomes among people with dementia. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we extracted 187 articles from nine databases (Academic Search Premier, Ageline, APA PsycArticles, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Eight studies were eligible for this systematic review ( Range sample sizes: 1–59 people with dementia). Results revealed that assessments of sleep in the current literature were limited and mainly focused on sleep duration, subjective sleep quality, or nighttime sleep disturbances. Intervention delivery, music selection, and findings varied. Positive effects of music on sleep outcomes were observed in six out of the eight studies (75%), specifically there were decreases in nighttime sleep disturbances, increases in daytime alertness, and improvements in sleep quality. The remaining two studies found no statistically significant change in sleep outcomes (i.e., daytime sleepiness and quality). Study limitations included small sample sizes and the use of proxy reporters (e.g., caregiver, researcher, blinded clinician) which may reduce the accuracy of the sleep measures. Future research may want to incorporate objectively measured sleep to better understand the role of sleep in dementia care. More research is needed to determine whether music interventions are effective in improving sleep in people with dementia and whether improvements in sleep can slow the progression of dementia.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Benson relaxation technique combined with music therapy on fatigue, anxiety, and depression levels of patients undergoing hemodialysis. This randomized controlled study was conducted with 61 patients (30 patients in the intervention group, 31 patients in the control group) in a province located in Turkey. This 8-week, randomized, clinical trial was carried out in 2 hemodialysis units. After the patients in both groups were informed about the study, the Piper Fatigue Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were administered to the patients. All subdomain scores of the Piper Fatigue Scale in the intervention group were significantly lower at weeks 4, 8, and 10 than those of the control group (P.05). The intervention group had significantly lower Anxiety subscale scores than those of the control group at week 10 (P.05). Similarly, Depression subscale scores were significantly lower in the intervention group at weeks 8 and 10 than those in the control group (P.05). The findings suggest that Benson relaxation technique combined with music therapy is an effective approach to manage fatigue, anxiety, and depression symptoms related to hemodialysis.

Background Pain is one of the most common and most difficult symptoms to manage in adult burn patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Insufficient or unsuccessful pain management can negatively affect physiological, psychological and social health in burn patients, both during and after hospitalization. Music therapy and music medicine interventions have been shown to positively affect pain and mental health in this population. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide an update of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) using music therapy or music medicine interventions in adult burn patients. Methods A variety of databases were searched from their beginning to June 2020, including PsycINFO and PsycArticles (via APAsycNET), PubMed and MEDLINE (via OvidSP), Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Data of all articles meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted, organized and processed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using Q-test and I2 statistics. Results 10 RCTs with a total of 1,061 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed a statistically significant reduction of pain (I2 = 96.03%, P Conclusions This review provides preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of music interventions for adult burn patients. However, more high-quality RCTs are needed to safely establish guidelines for music therapists and other health care professionals in using music for health purposes with this population.