Search

Objective: This study was conducted to determine care process of newborns diagnosed with COVID-19 and experiences of their mothers diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: This phenomenological study was conducted with qualitative design in the III-level neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital. A semi-structured interview form was used during the interview. The interview was recorded on a tape recorder. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Appropriate nursing interventions were applied according to the symptoms of the newborns. Three main themes were determined as “Emotions and thoughts about her newborn and her loved ones”, “Thoughts about the health sector” and “Thoughts about the future”. Conclusion: The mothers had negative emotions and thoughts such as trauma, fear of loss, sadness, helplessness, longing, social isolation, stigma and positive emotions and thoughts such as attachment, social support and value. The mothers had positive thoughts about the health sector such as value, satisfaction and trust. The mothers had negative thoughts about the future such as worry and social isolation and positive thoughts such as hope, ÖZ Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 tanılı yenidoğanların bakım sürecini ve COVID-19 tanılı annelerinin deneyimlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Bu araştırma nitel tasarım olarak fenomenolojik tipte üçüncü basamak bir hastanenin III. düzey yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yapıldı. Görüşme sırasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanıldı. Görüşme ses kayıt cihazına kaydedildi. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Yenidoğanın semptomlarına göre uygun hemşirelik girişimleri uygulandı. Annelerin “Yenidoğan ve sevdikleriyle ilgili duygu ve düşünceleri”, “Sağlık sektörü ile ilgili düşünceleri” ve “Gelecek ile ilgili düşünceleri” olmak üzere üç ana tema belirlendi. Sonuç: Annelerin travma, kayıp korkusu, üzüntü, çaresizlik, özlem, sosyal izolasyon ve damgalanma gibi olumsuz duygu ve düşünceleri ile bağlanma, sosyal destek ve değer gibi olumlu duygu ve düşüncelerinin olduğu görüldü. Annelerin sağlık sektörü hakkında değer, memnuniyet ve güven gibi olumlu düşünceleri vardı. Gelecekle ilgili ise annelerin, endişe ve sosyal izolasyon gibi olumsuz, umut gibi olumlu düşünceleri vardı.

本研究の目的は，子どもの肥満治療に対する母親のモチベーション（動機）の推移や動機に影響を与える要因を明らかにすることであった。複線経路・等至性モデル（Trajectory Equifinality Model：TEM）により動機の推移と影響要因を図式化し，母親への支援を中心に治療者及び支援者の介入を検討した。その結果，母親の動機は，子どもからの反発，家族・親族の肥満治療に対する理解の有無，仕事の負担など様々な影響を受け推移していた。支援について，1）生活習慣の改善は，子どもの意思，家族構成，母親の仕事状況などを考慮し，母子共に継続可能な目標をスモールステップで設定すること，2）家族や親族，学校など，母子の周囲の関係に働きかけて肥満治療の協力者を増やすこと，3）肥満に対処する中で，母子が抱える心労に対するケアを行うこと，などが考えられた。また，これらの支援は多職種が連携して行うことが求められる。The purpose of this study was to elucidate the changes and factors that affect mothers’ motivation for treating obesity in their children. Changes in motivation and the influencing factors were schematized using a Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM), and interventions by therapists and supporters were examined, focusing on the support for mothers. The results show that the motives of mothers were influenced by various factors, such as opposition from children, understanding of obesity treatment among family members and relatives, and the burden of work. Regarding support, the suggestions included 1) to improve lifestyle habits, set goals that can be sustained by both mother and child in small steps, considering the child’s will, family structure, mother’s work situation, etc. 2) to increase the number of people who support the obesity treatment by working with the relationships around the mother and child, such as families, relatives, schools etc., and 3) to provide care for the mental burden of the mother and child while dealing with obesity. Besides, a multidisciplinary collaboration is required to provide such support.

Background. Doctor mothers are a high-risk group for early cessation of breastfeeding. Improving breastfeeding among doctor mothers would not only improve the wellbeing of their babies, but the experience might also enhance their advocacy for breastfeeding to patients.Objective. To describe the infant feeding intentions and behaviours of doctor mothers in Bloemfontein, South Africa, focusing onbreastfeeding and factors that impact the decision on feeding method.Methods. This was a descriptive study. The target population included female medical doctors with a biological child under the ageof 5 years, recruited via snowball sampling. Respondents completed an electronic questionnaire, answering questions regarding infantfeeding intentions and behaviours.Results. There were 104 respondents who provided information on 132 children. The median intended duration of exclusivebreastfeeding for the first-born child was 6 months and 6.5 months for the second-born, but the actual median duration for bothchildren was 3 months shorter. The intention to express breastmilk at work was 67.7% for Child 1 and 57.7% for Child 2; however,the actual outcome was less than half of the intention (32.0%). Most respondents (71.0%) indicated there was no dedicated area forexpressing breastmilk at their place of work.Conclusion. The intention to exclusively breastfeed was high (6 months), but the actual duration was 3 months shorter. The percentage of doctor mothers who eventually expressed breastmilk at work was less than half of those who intended to do so. Breastfeeding female doctors need more support in the postpartum period, especially when returning to work after maternity leave

application/pdf, 社会問題研究. 2023, 72, P.59-71

BACKGROUND: The importance of support for the mothers of infants to cope with parenting stress due to isolated parenting environments is being emphasized. In order to reduce the parenting stress in parenting mothers while improving the quality of parenting support for them, it is important to identify factors influencing such stress. We investigated the effects of artwork production in different styles, conducted self-evaluation of such production, and identified factors influencing parenting stress in mothers, involving those who participated in a handprint artwork production workshop. METHODS: We included 140 mothers who participated in a handprint artwork production workshop, dividing them into 2 groups: A: 70 with children younger than 3 years of age who engaged in artwork production alone; and B: 70 who engaged in it through collaboration with their children aged 3 years or older. The instructor distributed an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire to all the mothers, and collected their responses. The questionnaire examined the following items: attributes, the number of participations in the workshop, artwork production self-evaluation, and parenting stress. RESULTS: There were 140 (100%) responses, and the number of valid responses was 65 from Group A and 54 from Group B, a total of 119 (85%). The mean [parenting strain] score was significantly higher in Group B. Multiple regression analysis identified the child’s age and presence/absence of his/her siblings overall and in Group A, and , an item for artwork production self-evaluation, in Group B as factors influencing the total [parenting strain] score. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the child’s age and presence/absence of his/her siblings could influence parenting stress in the mothers. Additionally, there was a correlation between the level of parenting stress and score for among the mothers who engaged in artwork production through collaboration with their children.

Support from health care professionals (HCPs) with good knowledge and positive attitudes toward breastfeeding has been associated with better breastfeeding outcomes in the mothers of preterm infants. The aim of the study was to describe HCPs' experiences of a breastfeeding training program. A total of 48 specialist registered nurses, registered nurses, assistant nurses and physicians working at a neonatal intensive care unit attended a breastfeeding training program and answered a questionnaire including Likert scales and open-ended questions. The participants reported that their interest in breastfeeding had increased as a median (range) of 10 (8–10) on a 10-point scale and rated to what extent they had received new tools for breastfeeding support as a median of 10 (8–10) after training. There were no differences in the median between different professions' ratings. Qualitative content analysis of the open-ended questions resulted in two categories: Discussions of the case scenarios in the group and Knowledge regarding breastfeeding. The results showed that discussions based on breastfeeding scenarios were perceived as valuable; the health care professionals reported receiving new knowledge and useful practical skills. This program was shown to increase health care professionals’ interest in breastfeeding and is useful for different health care professions.

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the effect of hospital-based group breastfeeding education provided to mothers before discharge from the hospital on mothers’ self-efficacy and on the increase of breastfeeding rates. Methods: This randomized controlled educational research was conducted in the hospital is located in the West of Turkey. Ninety mothers who had healthy and term babies, and an intent to breastfeed their babies participated in the study. The questionnaire forms were collected by the researcher using face to face interview technique. Chi-square, dependent and independent groups t-test and ANOVA analysis were used along with descriptive statistics in analyzing the data. Results: Compared to the control group, the scores obtained from the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale were higher in the education group in all the follow-ups. Similarly, status of exclusive breastfeeding was higher in the education group compared to the control group. In the twelfth week, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 80.0% in the education group, while it was 47.5% in the control group. Conclusion: These results show that breastfeeding group education and follow-up counseling given before discharge from the hospital were effective. This is evidence in favor of increasing the use of group education. This RCT was registered NCT04515862 with www.clinicaltrials.gov on 2020. © 2022, 13 ASYO 009, We would like to thank Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office and all the participating mothers for their support in this research (Project No:13 ASYO 009)., This work (Project No: 13 ASYO 009 ) was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the application skills, self-efficacy, and anxiety levels of the mothers whose children receive nebulized inhalation treatment and to examine the relationship between them.Method: This research was a descriptive clinical study. The study was conducted with 300 mothers. Data were evaluated by Pearson correlation and nonparametric tests.Results: Of the mothers, 78.3% were determined to get a moderate score on “The Nebulized Inhalation Application Checklist”. The total Situational Anxiety score of the mothers was calculated to be 37.07±4.95 and the total mean Self-Efficacy score 79.60±15.23. No correlation was found between Self-Efficacy and Situational Anxiety levels of mothers (p>0.05).Conclusion: Nurses can contribute to treatment by supporting them to develop training programs to increase self-efficacy and reduce the anxiety of mothers whose children receive inhalation treatment., Amaç: Çocukları buhar inhalasyon tedavisi alan annelerin uygulama becerileri, öz-yeterlik ve kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.Yöntem: Bu araştırma tanımlayıcı bir klinik çalışmadır. Araştırma 300 anne ile yapılmıştır. Veriler Pearson korelasyon ve parametrik olmayan testler ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Annelerin %78,3'ünün “Nebulize İnhalasyon Uygulama Kontrol Listesi”nden orta düzeyde puan aldığı belirlendi. Annelerin Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği puanı 37,07±4,95, Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 79,60±15,23 olarak hesaplandı. Annelerin Öz-Yeterlilik ile Durumluk Kaygı düzeyleri arasında ilişki olmadığı saptanmıştır (p>0.05).Sonuç: Hemşireler, çocukları buhar inhalasyon tedavisi alan annelerin öz yeterliklerini artıracak ve kaygılarını azaltacak eğitim programları geliştirmelerini destekleyerek tedaviye katkı sağlayabilirler.

This study investigates housing conditions of single mothers in the context of housing policies. We study single mothers' probability to experience housing deprivation, overcrowded housing, overburdening costs of housing, and neighbourhood problems across European countries. We consider the structural consequences of home ownership rates, and policies related to regulation of rental markets, housing benefits and housing prices. We apply a multi-level framework to EU-SILC data on 21,937 single mothers, from 195 country-years and covering 21 European countries from 2008 to 2017. First, we find a trade-off in the provision of free housing or housing at reduced rents, that helps to reduce housing cost overburden for single mothers, but is also associated with higher rates of housing deprivation, overcrowding and neighbourhood problems. Next, in contexts with stricter rental market regulation, single mothers' housing deprivation is lower. Higher housing benefits reduce the risk of housing deprivation as well as overcrowding, but in contexts where home ownership is common, single mothers tend to experience more overcrowding. Single mothers are more likely to report neighbourhood problems in societies where housing prices are high. Our findings suggest that factors within the control of policy makers can be beneficial to the housing conditions of single mothers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive tool to identify key components of leisure, thereby, examining the relationship between the prevalence of leisure (PLA) and psychological wellbeing (PWB); and its overall effect on the quality of life (QOL) of mothers of children with Autism-Spectrum-Disorder (ASD) with the demanding care of the child with autism. Design/Methodology/Approach: A cross-sectional design with interpretivism and an inductive approach a sample of 140 mothers of children with ASD, in India was used to develop this instrument. Structural equation modeling (SEM), partial least squares structural equation modelling (PL-SEM), and chi-square were used to analyze the scale items. Research data was interpreted by exploratory factor analysis and Confirmative factor analysis. Reliability was explored through split-half and internal consistency estimation using Cronbach's alpha. Finding/Result: The comprehensive outcome of quality of life (QOL) is measured as the result of engaging in the leisure of individual choice for self-replenishment, social connectedness, and happiness in life despite the demanding care of the child with autism. The overall unidimensional reliability with Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale is 0.656 having reasonably strong reliability. The construct-wise reliability demonstrated between 0.654 and 0.840 showing a high-reliability level. The validity of the instrument was established by face, content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity tests. Most importantly the measurement model of the LsPQM-12 instrument has shown 0.935 CFI, 0.097 RMSEA, and 0.053 SRMR. Originality/Value: Leisure-specific quality of life of mothers of children with ASD as an outcome of acknowledgment of prevalence of leisure as well as the absence of leisure made possible by the development of this instrument. Thereby integrating daily leisure of short duration despite the demanding care of the child, towards the psychological wellbeing of the mother was the sequel of this study. Appraisal of time of mother’s leisure schedules in parallel with the child’s therapeutic interventions to raise overall QOL is the objective of the study. Paper Type: Case study-based analysis.

This study aimed to determine the correlation between stress coping styles and self-efficacy with regard to the spiritual and religious coping of mothers with disabled children. The descriptive and relational screening model was used in this study. The research was completed with 227 mothers in a private rehabilitation center at Turkey. The data were collected using Maternal Spiritual Coping, Religious Coping Styles, Stress Coping Styles Scales (SCSS), and General Self-Efficacy Scales. As a result of the study, there was a statistically advanced degree of significant correlation in a positive direction between effective coping with stress and spiritual coping (p < 0.001), and a negative significant correlation between ineffective coping with stress and general self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a negative significant correlation between the SCSS-effective coping dimension with the SCSS-ineffective coping points (p < 0.05). The high level of spiritual coping of mothers and its effect on coping with stress is an important result. For the participation of children with disabilities and their parents in society, it is essential to identify components such as mental health and spiritual coping that will improve mothers' mental health so that mothers can effectively cope with the difficulties they experience.

An unsettled question in attachment theory and research is the extent to which children's attachment patterns with mothers and fathers jointly predict developmental outcomes. In this study, we used individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to assess whether early attachment networks with mothers and fathers are associated with children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. Following a pre-registered protocol, data from 9 studies and 1,097 children (mean age: 28.67 months) with attachment classifications to both mothers and fathers were included in analyses. We used a linear mixed effects analysis to assess differences in children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems as assessed via the average of both maternal and paternal reports based on whether children had two, one, or no insecure (or disorganized) attachments. Results indicated that children with an insecure attachment relationship with one or both parents were at higher risk for elevated internalizing behavioral problems compared with children who were securely attached to both parents. Children whose attachment relationships with both parents were classified as disorganized had more externalizing behavioral problems compared to children with either one or no disorganized attachment relationship with their parents. Across attachment classification networks and behavioral problems, findings suggest (a) an increased vulnerability to behavioral problems when children have insecure or disorganized attachment to both parents, and (b) that mother-child and father-child attachment relationships may not differ in the roles they play in children's development of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems.

This study aimed to examine the perceived social support, burnout, and hopelessness levels among mothers with children with special educational needs in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. In this descriptive study, the target population was mothers of children with special educational needs residing in rural areas of Hakkari Province, located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The study data was collected using the Personal Information Form, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, Maslach Burnout Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale. The study included 95 voluntary participants, who were generally from low socioeconomic backgrounds and had low levels of education and income. According to the results of the study; As the education level increases, the perceived family and friend support of the mother increases. It has been observed that the perceived special human support of a civil servant mother is higher than that of a mother working in the private sector. It was determined that mothers with extended family type had higher perceived social support and lower burnout levels compared to mothers with nuclear and split family types. It was determined that the burnout levels of mothers with mentally retarded children were higher than those of mothers with physically disabled children. As a result, it was determined that as the social support perceived by the mothers increased, the level of burnout decreased, and as the burnout decreased, the hopelessness decreased. In line with this result, it was determined that social support is an important parameter in the prevention of burnout and hopelessness in mothers with children in need of special education.

Perceptions of incompatibility of sport and motherhood still exist within both sport and family Slovene cultures. For many female athletes starting a family means an end of their athletic careers. However, some women decide to pursue their athletic life after they become mothers. While recent media interest in mother-athletes has increased significantly, scientific research focusing on this topic is still scarce. The purpose of this study was to explore the transition of Slovene female athletes into motherhood and their experiences of combining motherhood with competitive sport. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight female elite athletes, who became mothers during their elite level competitive career. The results of the study revealed that mother-athletes perceived this transition as a long-term process in which motherhood and elite sport had a reciprocal effect on each other. Three transition phases characterized by changes in the participants’ holistic development were identified: (1) pre-pregnancy and pregnancy, (2) returning to competitive sport, and (3) living the life of a mother-athlete.

INTRODUCTION: Little is known on how diet, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) changes during pregnancy and after childbirth in primiparous couples. Moreover, it is unclear how potential behavioral changes are associated with changes in BMI. This study examined changes in diet, PA and SB, and their association with changes in BMI in couples transitioning to parenthood. METHODS: Dietary intake (FFQ), PA, SB (both Actigraph GT3X accelerometers) and BMI of women and men were assessed at 12 weeks of gestation, 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Data were analyzed using dyadic longitudinal data analyses techniques. RESULTS: In women, a decrease in fruit intake, an increase in alcohol intake, an increase of light-intensity PA, and a decrease in SB were observed from the beginning of pregnancy up to 6 months postpartum. Decreases in fruit intake between 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum was associated with increases in BMI. Men did not show significant dietary changes, while an increase in light-intensity PA and a decrease in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was observed at 6 months postpartum when compared to 12 weeks of gestation. Paternal increases in "avoidance food group" intake were associated with increases in BMI between baseline and 6 weeks postpartum. No associations of changes in BMI and changes in PA and SB were found. DISCUSSION: Not only mothers but also fathers experienced unfavorable changes in lifestyle during the transition to parenthood, with impact on BMI changes. This highlights the need to monitor unhealthy changes in lifestyle and body weight in both parents when expecting a child and after childbirth. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03454958. ispartof: FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH vol:11 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published

The article examines the image of Kateryna Chaichenko, in particular reveals the essence of the concept of «mother’s image», emphasizes the peculiarities of the national archetypes of the image of the Mother. The purpose of the article is to investigate the image of the mother in the novel «Bread and salt» by M.Stelmakh. A careful reading of the text of the novel gave reason to single out the following components of the image of Kateryna Chaichenko: the author presents the woman's appearance very succinctly – short, thin; her relationship with her son and his children: Ivan Chaichenko and his wife and children live with their mother; the relationship between Kateryna Chaychenko and her daughter-in-law is good, the women get along with each other; the mother’s love for her son is so strong that the woman sacrifices her life – she agrees to sell the family’s house and land, so that Ivan Chaichenko and his family have money for the trip and for the first time, while they get settled and establish life in a new place; the woman is extremely kind: she goes «to the storeroom», that is, she rents a storeroom from the same poor family as hers; the woman takes care of the numerous children of the Granchaks, with whom she lives, for free, because there is nothing to pay her; gradually she gives them for food the grain that her son left her, so that she could sow it in the spring; the woman gives the last grain to Granchakas to save a child’s life; Kateryna Chaychenko sacrifices herself for the second time – she goes to the parish clerk to ask for some grain and permission to beg. At the same time, she understands that she does not have much time left to live, perhaps until the next winter, when, begging from village to village, she will freeze on the road or under someone’s blanket. The image of Kateryna Chaichenko is close to the archetypal image of the Good Mother., У статті розглянуто образ Катерини Чайченко, зокрема розкрито суть поняття «образ матері», акцентовано на особливостях національних архетипів образу Матері. Ретельне прочитання тексту роману дало підстави виокремити такі складові образу Катерини Чайченко: зовнішній вигляд жінки автор подає дуже стисло – невеликого зросту, сухенька; її взаємостосунки із сином та його дітьми: Іван Чайченко та його жінка й діти живуть разом із матір’ю; взаємостосунки між Катериною Чайченко і невісткою добрі, жінки ладять одна з одною; любов матері до сина настільки сильна, що жінка приносить своє життя в жертву – погоджується на продаж хати і земельного наділу родини, щоб у Івана Чайченка і його родини були гроші на дорогу та на перший час, поки облаштуються і налагодять життя на новому місці; жінка надзвичайно добра: вона йде «у комірне», тобто винаймає комірчину в такої ж бідної родини, яка була в неї; жінка безоплатно, бо платити їй немає чим, приглядає за численними дітьми Гранчаків, у яких вона живе; поступово вона віддає їм для харчування зерно, яке їй залишив син, щоб вона могла його посіяти навесні; останнє зерно жінка віддає Гранчакам, щоб врятувати дитяче життя; Катерина Чайченко вдруге приносить себе в жертву – іде до волосного писаря просити трішки зерна та дозволу на жебракування. При цьому вона розуміє, що жити залишилося недовго, можливо, до наступної зими, коли, жебракуючи від села до села, вона замерзне в дорозі або під чиїмось тином. Образ Катерини Чайченко наближений до образу-архетипу Доброї Матері.

Dans la société traditionnelle fang, la division sociale des responsabilités autour de l’enfant s’appuie à la fois sur la domination masculine et la toute-puissance maternelle. C’est cette configuration des rapports interlignagers qui est au fondement de la parentalité. Se pose alors la question de savoir comment la société conçoit la parentalité dans ce contexte de « dualité parentale ». L’article suggère une analyse fondée, d’une part, sur les concepts matrilinéaires de ékel-meki (« la boule de sang menstruel ») et de dzal-nyia (« le village maternel »), et, d’autre part, sur l’idéologie du meyôm (« le sperme ») et le paradigme du nsua-biki (« le mariage dotal ») qui sont des principes patrilinéaires : la parentalité s’articule autour d’une approche temporelle duale qui se répartit en temps sociaux linéaires (TSL) et en temps sociaux de rupture ou de crise (TSR), conformément à la dualité existentielle de l’individu dans la famille. Within traditional Fang society, the social distribution of responsibilities for children is based on both male domination and overall maternal power. This configuration of links by descent is the basis for parenthood within this society. The question is then how society envisages parenthood in the context of “parental duality”. This paper suggests an analysis based on the one hand upon matrilineal concepts such as ékel-meki (menstrual blood) and dzal-nyia (maternal village) and on the other upon patrilineal concepts such as the ideology of meyôm (sperm) and the paradigm of nsua-biki (dotal marriage). We conclude that parenthood is articulated around two times scales: SLT (linear social time) and SDT (disruptive or crisis social time) in accordance with the existential duality of each individual within their family.

Sitting in a Stranger's Bathtub is a collection of poetry interested in the relationship between grief and time. It seems the more grief "happens" or rather, reiterates or transforms itself (a birth provoked by something unknown and can only be attributed to time and its maturing), the more grief splinters and splits off creating alternate dimensions in which things went a little bit differently, where something grand can be imagined like being present for a mother's death. These poems consider these worlds half by choice, in order to let those lives continue in their mundane yet miraculous ways, and half by possession. These poems seek to represent the horrible pang of deja vu that proves the existence of alternate happenings, and also justify deja vu as a sensation intended to fill the fragments of memory. In keeping with the tradition of the Confessional movement, these poems aim toward honesty, toward revealing the truth, only possible by showing the failures of memory, particularly in the presence of grief. Master of Fine Arts SITTING IN A STRANGER'S BATHTUB is a poetry collection.

The given article is dedicated to linguostylistic and lexical-semantic analysis of the image of mother in Karakalpak literary discourse. There are given concepts about literary discourse, also, opinions and points of view of some linguists. As the material of the research we used excerpts from the literary works of famous Karakalpak writer Tulepbergen Kaipbergenov. An analysis of the image of the mother in Karakalpak literature shows that, on the one hand, the mother is a key concept in the linguoculture of Karakalpaks, on the other hand, this concept is a socially and culturally significant concept, since it reflects the evaluative ideas of the Karakalpak ethnos. Recently, the term “discourse” has become central in the humanities. It is widely used in such sciences as philosophy, sociology, political science, linguistics, etc. Discourse is the unity of the two essences of communication (the dynamic process of linguistic interaction between people) and text (that is, the product of communication). This dual unity makes it possible to study discourse both as a process and as an object. In modern linguistics, discourse can be understood as: a text, the subject of a text, dialogue or communication, a dialogue or a polylogue, a set of speech acts, a speech situation. In our research, we identify the image of the mother in the Karakalpak literary discourse. At present, the concept of “literary discourse”', despite numerous studies in this area, is not fully developed.

This study examined gender-specific longitudinal pathways from harsh parenting through rumination to anxiety and depression symptoms among early adolescents from three countries and six subgroups. Participants were 567 mothers, 428 fathers, and 566 children (T1: Mage = 10.89; 50% girls) from Medellín, Colombia (n = 100); Naples, Italy (n = 95); Rome, Italy (n = 99); Durham, North Carolina, United States (Black n = 92, Latinx n = 80, and White n = 100). Parent reported maternal and paternal harsh parenting were measured at T1. Adolescent reported rumination was measured at T2 (Mage = 12.58) and anxiety and depression symptoms were measured at T1 and T3 (Mage = 13.71). Rumination mediated the pathway from maternal harsh discipline to girls’ anxiety and depression symptoms, controlling for baseline anxiety and depression symptoms. The more harsh discipline mothers used, the more their daughters ruminated, which in turn was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms. Exploratory moderated mediation analyses indicated that the strength of the mediational pathway from maternal harsh discipline through girls’ rumination to anxiety and depression symptoms decreased as the normativeness of harsh parenting increased. Mediational pathways for boys and for paternal harsh discipline were not significant. Our findings expand knowledge on specific contexts in which rumination is a mechanism for understanding pathways to anxiety and depression symptoms.

The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the types of sentimental work that mothers perform in the context of their children’s difficult school experiences. The interpretative framework for the analysis of women’s actions is the category of sentimental work developed by Anselm Strauss and his colleagues. The analyzed material consists of autobiographical narrative interviews with women-mothers, collected as part of the international ISOTIS project. The empirical data was subjected to the coding procedure used in generating grounded theory, which allowed for the identification of six different types of sentimental work: interactional work, composure work, trust work, biographical work, identity work and rectification work. The results of the study indicate that mothers are key figures in the institutionalised learning process, performing a range of complex but unnoticed activities in the course of their daily practices. Identifying and characterising mothers’ sentimental work allowed to describe its relevance to teachers’ professional tasks and children’s functioning in school. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest rekonstrukcja typów pracy nad odczuciami, jaką wykonują matki w kontekście trudnych doświadczeń szkolnych swoich dzieci. Ramą interpretacyjną dla analizy działań kobiet była kategoria pracy nad odczuciami opracowana przez Anzelma Strauss’a i jego współpracowników. Analizie poddane zostały autobiograficzne wywiady narracyjne z kobietami-matkami, gromadzone w ramach międzynarodowego projektu ISOTIS. Dane empiryczne zostały poddane procedurze kodowania, stosowanej w generowaniu teorii ugruntowanej, co umożliwiło wyodrębnienie sześciu typów pracy nad odczuciami: pracę nad interakcjami, nad zachowaniem spokoju, nad zaufaniem, biograficzną, nad tożsamością i naprawczą. Wyniki analiz wskazują, że matki są kluczowymi postaciami zinstytucjonalizowanego procesu kształcenia, które wykonują w toku codziennych praktyk szereg złożonych, ale niezauważanych działań. Zidentyfikowanie i charakterystyka pracy matek nad odczuciami pozwoliła opisać jej znaczenie dla realizacji zadań zawodowych przez nauczycieli, a także funkcjonowania dzieci w szkole.

Amaç: Bu çalışma annelerde algılanan stres ve stresle baş etme yöntemlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma 30 Mayıs 2021-30 Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma bir ilde yaşayan online erişimi olan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 385 anne ile tamamlanmıştır. Veriler, anket formu, Algılanan Stres ve Stresle Baş Etme Ölçeği aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 paket programından yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmadaki annelerin %61’i 18-39 yaş arasında olup, %77.4’ü lisans ve üzeri eğitim düzeyindedir. Annelerin %72.2’si çalışmakta, %77.9’unun çocuğu okula gitmektedir. Annelerin Algılanan Stres Ölçeği puan ortalaması 28.64±6.94’tür. Stresle Baş Etme Ölçeği etkili baş etme boyutu puan ortalaması 29.08±7.70, etkisiz baş etme boyutu puan ortalaması 14.92±6.33’tür. Algılanan stres ile etkisiz baş etme arasında pozitif yönde istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda annelerde algılanan stresin düşük olduğunu ve etkili baş etme yöntemlerinin iyi düzeyde olduğunu göstermektedir. Etkisiz baş etme yöntemi kullananlara psikososyal destek programları ve stresle baş etme eğitimleri düzenlenebilir., Aim: This study was conducted to determine the perceived stress of mothers and their methods of coping with stress. Method: This descriptive study was conducted with 385 mothers who lived in a province, had online access and agreed to participate between the period 30 May 2021 and 30 June 2021. Data were collected through a questionnaire and the Perceived Stress and Coping with Stress Scale. IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 program was used to evaluate the data. Results: 61% of the mothers in the study were between the ages of 18-39, and 77.4% of them had a bachelor's degree or higher education level. While 72.2% of them state that they work, 77.9% of them state that their children do not go to school. The mean score of the Mothers' Perceived Stress Scale was 28.64±6.94. The mean score of the effective coping dimension of the Stress Coping Scale was 29.08±7.70, and the mean score of the ineffective coping dimension was 14.92±6.33. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between perceived stress and ineffective coping. Conclusion: The study shows that mothers' perceived stress is low and effective coping methods are at a good level. It is evaluated that psychosocial support programs and stress coping training can be organized for those who use ineffective coping methods.

Witnessed violence is a form of child abuse with detrimental effects on child wellbeing and development, whose recognition relies on the assessment of their mother exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of witnessed violence in a population of children attending a pediatric emergency department (ED) in Italy, by searching for IPV in their mother, and to define the characteristics of the mother-child dyads. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2020 to January 2021. Participating mothers were provided a questionnaire, which included the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) and additional questions about their baseline data and health. Descriptive analysis was reported as frequency and percentage for the categorical variables and median and interquartile range (IQR) for quantitative variables. Mothers and children screened positive and negative for IPV and witnessed violence, respectively, were compared by the chi-square test or the exact Fisher test for categorical variables, and by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. Out of 212 participating mothers, ninety-three (43.9%) displayed a positive WAST. Mothers tested positive were mainly Italian (71%, p 0.003), had a lower level of education (median age at school dropout 19, p 0.0002), and a higher frequency of unemployment (p 0.001) and poor personal health status (8.6%, p 0.001). The children of mothers tested positive showed a higher occurrence of abnormal psychological-emotional state (38.7%, p 0.002) and sleep disturbances (26.9%, p 0.04).IPV was common in a population of mothers seeking care for their children in a pediatric ED.• Witnessed violence is a form of child abuse, usually inferred by their mothers' exposure to IPV. The latter is suffered by one in three women worldwide.• This study shows a 43.9% prevalence of IPV among mothers attending an Italian pediatric ED. • Positive mother-child dyads displayed a higher frequency of poor mothers' health status and children's abnormal emotional state and sleep disturbances.

目的：生後２か月児を持つ母親の我が子の泣きに対する捉え方と対処を明らかにする。方法：Ａ大学が開催する沐浴教室に参加した母親のうち、本研究へ参加の承諾が得られた母親10名を対象に産後に面接調査を実施した。結果：生後２か月までの生活を振り返り、母親が感じた育児における困難感と我が子の泣きに関する思いとして語った内容から、我が子の泣きに関する語りを抽出し、我が子の泣きに対する捉え方と対処について着目し、分析した。その結果、158のデータから、65コード、20サブカテゴリー、最終的なカテゴリーには【我が子の泣きを楽天的に捉える母親の姿勢】【我が子の泣きと対峙して培った母親の泣きと向き合う力】【我が子の泣きをコントロールしなければならない母親の義務感】【我が子の泣きをコントロールできない母親の困難感】【我が子の泣きと距離が取れない母親】【我が子の泣きに向き合う他者との思いの違い】【我が子の泣きに対峙する母を支える他者からのサポート】の７項目が抽出された。結論：母親の我が子の泣きに向き合う力を向上させる方向に働く力のあるカテゴリーと低下させる方向に働く力のあるカテゴリーに分類され、我が子の泣きに向き合う力を維持・向上させる支援の方向性が示された。

本研究は、NICUから一般病棟へ転棟した児の母親の転棟直後からその後にかけての体験を明らかにし、NICUから一般病棟へ転棟した児の母親に対する支援について検討することを目的とした。医学中央雑誌Web版にて、NICU、母親、小児病棟、産科、転棟をキーワードに検索し、４件を分析対象とした。NICUから一般病棟へ転棟直後の母親の体験は３カテゴリー、６サブカテゴリー、その後の体験は８カテゴリー、18サブカテゴリーで構成された。母親は複雑な心情を抱きながらも児のためにケアや医療的ケアを頑張り、心身共に疲労していた。母親への看護として、転棟直後の不安軽減、母親の状態を見極め力を引き出す丁寧な関り、疲労緩和の必要性が示唆された。

Background: Online peer support groups are common and can be an effective tool for mothers with young children. The purpose of this review is to examine the types of support that online-based peer groups establish, as well as its health effects on mothers and their children. Methods: Systematic scoping review. Systematic review of existing literature was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane and Ichushi (Japanese language) database in December 2019. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 1,475 articles were extracted by initial search. After the review of titles, abstracts and full texts, a total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. The types of support mothers received were mainly informational and emotional support. Mothers also felt a sense of connection and community. Some health effects of online-based peer support group were seen in the area of mothers’ mental well-being. Minimal effects were seen in behavioral modification for child nutrition and breastfeeding. Conclusion: Due to the limited evidence in interventional studies, the effects of online-based peer support groups were inconclusive. Further studies with rigorous research designs would be helpful in future research.

V procesu učenja tujega jezika učenci zavestno ali nezavedno prevzemajo ustaljene mentalne vzorce, ki odražajo sorazmerno stabilno jezikovno podobo sveta, povezano z novim jezikom. Formalni in semantični stereotipi so pomemben del te podobe. V prvem delu prispevka so predstavljena teoretična izhodišča za obravnavanje stereotipov pri jezikovnem pouku, v drugem pa je navedenih nekaj praktičnih vaj za obravnavanje stereotipne podobe matere. In the process of learning a foreign language, consciously or not, students adopt mental patterns that present a relatively stable linguistic image of the world. Formal and semantic stereotypes constitute an important part of this image. The first part of this article presents the theoretical premises for tackling stereotypes when teaching languages, and the second part contains several practical exercises for dealing with the stereotypical image of the mother in teaching Slovenian as a foreign language.

Resistance to antibiotics is becoming a worldwide threat as infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms can overcome antibiotic treatments and spread quickly in the population. In the context of early life, newborns are at increased risk as their immune system is still under development, so infections and acquisition of resistance during childhood have short- and long-term consequences for the health. The moment of birth is the first exposure of infants to possible antibiotic-resistant microorganisms that may colonize their gut and other body sites. Different factors including mode of delivery, previous antibiotic exposure of the mother, gestational age and consumption of antibiotics in early-life have been described to modulate the neonate's microbiota, and thus, the resistome. Other factors, such as lactation, also impact the establishment and development of gut microbiota, but little is known about the role of breastmilk in transferring Antibiotic Resistant Genes (ARG). A deeper understanding of vertical transmission of antibiotic resistance from mothers to their offspring is necessary to determine the most effective strategies for reducing antibiotic resistance in the early life. In this review, we aim to present the current perspective on antibiotic resistances in mother-infant dyads, as well as a new insight on the study of the human gut and breastmilk resistome, and current strategies to overcome this public health problem, toward highlighting the gaps of knowledge that still need to be closed., We acknowledge Generalitat Valenciana-European Social Fund (ACIF/2021) for the predoctoral fellowship grant to Anna Samarra. Manuel Bernabeu wishes to thank the Post-PhD Program of University of Barcelona for the requalification of the Spanish University System from the Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain, modality “Margarita Salas”, financed by the European Union, Next Generation EU. Maria Esteban-Torres thanks the support received from the MSCA-IF postdoctoral grant (MicroMi-898088). Raul Cabrera-Rubio wishes to thank Generalitat-Valenciana for the grant Plan GenT project (CDEIGENT 2020). Finally, authors also acknowledge support of Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC). IATA-CSIC is a Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa (CEX2021-001189-S MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).

As Vuzamazulu Credo Mutwa, a South African sangoma, gave his message to the world, he urged human beings to awaken the mother mind within them. He pleaded with human beings to let go of the warrior mind and start thinking like mothers and grandmothers. This article aimed to elaborate on Credo's short and mystical message. The article interprets the warrior mind to be the masculine mind, while the mother mind is perceived as representing the feminine mind. Ego works well with the warrior or masculine mind, and is not so compatible with the feminine mind. The argument is that ego and the climate crisis are inextricably linked, and that diminishing the ego will leave the Earth and its inhabitants with a high chance of survival. Furthermore, it is illustrated how colonialism and institutions like religion exacerbate egoism in the world. The ego is defined, its growth origins traced, and its effects on the Earth highlighted. Finally, the article concludes by suggesting how to diminish ego and awaken the mother mind within every one of us. Secondary data analysis method is used throughout the article. CONTRIBUTION: This article applies existing and timeless ideas to figure out solutions to the climate crisis. It also analyses gender issues through the lenses of analytical psychology. Different disciplines are applied to explore the concept of the 'mother mind'. It is unique in that it places the burden on the individual, stressing that the solutions are found within an individual.

In the scientific article, the author conducted a scientific study of the foreign experience of legal regulation of contractual relations between mother, father, and child, including under the legislation of the European Union states. Based on the conducted research, the author concluded that the legal regulation of the conclusion of contracts between the mother, father, and child under the legislation of the European Union states is mainly carried out through the determination of the possibility of concluding contracts, without clarifying the provisions on their form and essential conditions. In particular, the possibility of concluding a "statement on the exercise of parental rights" ("agreement of parents on establishing the procedure for the exercise of parental rights and determining contributions for the maintenance and upbringing of a child") under French civil law is defined in this way; "agreements on the method of providing maintenance" and "applications for acceptance of parental care" under German civil law; relevant agreements under the legislation of Latvia (agreement of parents: on determining the child's surname, cancellation of adoption, on establishing joint or separate parental care of the child, on establishing the terms of communication with the child of the parent who lives separately), Estonia (agreement on the fulfillment of the obligation parents regarding child maintenance), Czech Republic (agreements: on establishing paternity, on exercising mutual parental rights and responsibilities, on establishing the terms of communication with the child of the parent who lives separately from the child, on managing the child's property, on exercising parental rights and responsibilities after divorce, about the payment of alimony), Poland ("declaration of the spouses about the child's surname", "agreement on how to exercise parental responsibility and maintain contact with the child, in accordance with the best interests of the child"), "agreement on the rules for determining contact between parents and children"), Bulgaria (agreement on the place of residence of children, parentage, personal relationships, etc child support). The legislation of these countries (except Bulgaria) limits the possibility of regulating relations between parents and children by a marriage contract; Czech and Polish legislation also allows the conclusion of alimony contracts regarding the maintenance of children of their incapacitated parents. Hungarian civil and Moldovan family legislation more broadly define the essential conditions and form of contracts between parents and children, primarily regarding the contract on providing maintenance to a participant in family relations and the contract on communication with the child. In the author's opinion, the experience of these states should be borrowed, and the same detailed regulation provided for in the Family Code of Ukraine., В науковій статті авторка провела наукове дослідження зарубіжного досвіду правового регулювання договірних відносин між матір’ю, батьком та дитиною, в тому числі за законодавством держав Європейського Союзу. На підставі проведеного дослідження авторка дійшла висновку, що правове регулювання укладання договорів між матір’ю, батьком та дитиною за законодавством держав Європейського Союзу переважно здійснюється через визначення можливості укладення договорів, без уточнення положення про їх форму та істотні умови. Зокрема, таким чином визначено можливість укладання «заяви про здійснення батьківських прав» («угоди батьків щодо встановлення порядку здійснення батьківських прав та визначення внесків на утримання та виховання дитини») за французьким цивільним законодавством; «угоди про спосіб надання утримання» та «заяви про прийняття батьківської турботи» за німецьким цивільним законодавством; відповідних договорів за законодавством Латвії (угоди батьків: про визначення прізвища дитини, скасування усиновлення, про встановлення спільного або роздільного піклування батьків про дитину, про встановлення умов спілкування з дитиною того з батьків, який проживає окремо), Естонії (угода про виконання обов’язку батьків щодо утримання дитини), Чехії (угоди: про встановлення батьківства, про здійснення взаємних батьківських прав та обов’язків, про встановлення умов спілкування з дитиною того з батьків, хто проживає окремо від дитини, про управління майном дитини, про виконання батьківських прав та обов’язків після розірвання шлюбу, про виплату аліментів), Польщі («декларація подружжя про прізвище дитини», «договір про те, як здійснювати батьківську відповідальність і підтримувати контакт з дитиною, відповідно до найкращих інтересів дитини», «договір про правила визначення контакту між батьками і дітьми»), Болгарії (договір про місце проживання дітей, батьківство, особисті стосунки та аліменти на дитину). Законодавство цих держав (крім болгарського) обмежує можливість врегулювання відносин між батьками та дітьми шлюбним договором; чеське та польське законодавство допускають укладення аліментних договорів й щодо утримання дітьми своїх непрацездатних батьків. Більш широко визначають істотні умови та форму договорів між батьками та дітьми угорське цивільне та молдовське сімейне законодавство, передусім щодо договору про надання утримання учаснику сімейних відносин та договору про спілкування з дитиною. На думку авторки, слід запозичити досвід цих держав і передбачити таке ж докладне регулювання в Сімейному кодексі України.

Background: The interplay between vitamin K (vitK) (as carboxylation cofactor, partially produced by the gut microbiota) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the end-product of fiber fermentation in the gut, has never been assessed in mother–newborn pairs, although newborns are considered vitK deficient and with sterile gut. Methods: We collected venous blood from 45 healthy mothers with uncomplicated term pregnancies and umbilical cord blood from their newborns at birth. The concentrations of total SCFAs and hepatic/extra-hepatic vitK-dependent proteins (VKDPs), as proxies of vitK status were assayed: undercarboxylated and total matrix Gla protein (ucMGP and tMGP), undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), undercarboxylated Gla-rich protein (ucGRP), and protein induced by vitK absence II (PIVKA-II). Results: We found significantly higher ucOC (18.6-fold), ucMGP (9.2-fold), and PIVKA-II (5.6-fold) levels in newborns, while tMGP (5.1-fold) and SCFAs (2.4-fold) were higher in mothers, and ucGRP was insignificantly modified. In mother–newborn pairs, only ucGRP (r = 0.746, p < 0.01) and SCFAs (r = 0.428, p = 0.01) levels were correlated. Conclusions: We report for the first time the presence of SCFAs in humans at birth, probably transferred through the placenta to the fetus. The increased circulating undercarboxylated VKDPSs in newborns revealed a higher vitamin K deficiency at the extrahepatic level compared to liver VKDPs.

Data de publicació electrònica: 20 de març de 2023 The last decade has seen strong developments in child poverty measurement. Children are largely recognised to have age-specific needs, which has led to the development of child-specific poverty measures. One of the current ongoing debates is how best to collect that information. Questions regarding child deprivation are most often answered by a reference adult and assume that adult respondents provide accurate reports about their children’s needs. These assumptions have largely gone untested. Making use of a unique feature of the Fijian Household Income and Expenditure Survey (2019/20), this paper explores the effect of respondent selection on child deprivation estimates. We compare three approaches to the selection of adult respondents commonly used in survey design: the children’s mother, the household head, and a random adult respondent in the household. We find that adults largely agree on whether children are deprived of specific items. However, in between 5 to 24% of households (depending on the indicator), adults provide different responses regarding whether children have specific items. Despite these differences, respondent selection does not substantially alter child multiple deprivation estimates or the socio-demographic characteristics of the deprived child population. The article will be of interest to those designing surveys or questionnaires to measure child poverty and children’s unmet needs. This research has received funding from UKRI Global Challenges Research Fund Pump-Priming Grant ‘Measuring multidimensional poverty in the Pacific Region’, the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) Beatriu de Pinós-Marie Curie Programme 2018_BP_00147, funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Marie Slodovska–Curie grant agreement no 801370 and Ramon y Cajal RYC2021-030963-I funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the European Union Next GenerationEU/PRTR.

Background Childbearing women face the problem of managing spontaneous onset of labour without professional support. It is their responsibility to diagnose and react to early labour and subsequently recognise the right time to seek support. Institutional guidelines of clinics aim to admit childbearing women when in established labour. This explains why women in early labour are often advised to stay at home, which can be overwhelming and dissatisfying. This study aims to understand the self- and clinical management of early labour and care needs of first-time mothers during early labour. Methods A qualitative approach was used involving four focus group discussions with a total of N = 18 mothers. Included were primiparous women who had given birth at term within the last 6 months and who experienced spontaneous onset of labour. Elective caesarean section or induction of labour were thereby exclusion criteria. The interviews followed a semi-structured, literature-based guide. Content analysis was applied. Results Thirteen codes were summarised within three themes: ‘self-management’, ‘care needs’ and ‘professional management’. Various coping strategies and measures such as positive thinking or taking a bath helped women in managing early labour at home. The need for reassurance, professional guidance and pain management led them to seek professional support, which was initially accompanied by a feeling of inhibition. This negative emotion was mostly unjustified since many women felt well cared for and taken seriously in their needs. Conclusion Coping strategies and professional care help women going through early labour. Yet, there still exists insecurity about the justified timing in seeking professional support. An individual assessment of the women’s coping resources and their needs is required to promote shared decision making and give high-standard care.

An infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 greatly affects the pediatric population and is 3 times more prevalent in newborns than in the general population. In newborns, the overexpression of immunological molecules may also induce a so-called cytokine storm. In our study, we evaluated the expression of cytokines in newborns admitted to a neonatal ICU whose mothers had SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms of SARS. The blood of newborns of infected and healthy mothers was collected to identify their Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles, and via flow cytometry, the cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 were identified. Overexpression was observed in the Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles of newborns from infected mothers compared with the control group. Statistical analysis also revealed significant differences between the cellular and humoral responses of the infected group versus the control group. The cellular versus humoral responses of the newborns of infected mothers were also compared, which revealed the prevalence of the cellular immune response. These data demonstrate that some cytokines identified relate to more severe symptoms and even some comorbidities. IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 may especially be related to cytokine storms in neonates of mothers with COVID-19.

Cadre de la recherche : Les inégalités d’accès aux modes d’accueil des jeunes enfants sont particulièrement fortes en France. Nous les analysons à travers la question du non-recours aux droits et aux services (Warin, 2016), afin de penser les bricolages de garde des familles vis-à-vis d’une offre publique locale. Objectifs : L’objectif est d’analyser les différents bricolages de garde qu’opèrent les mères des milieux populaires confrontées à une offre publique très insuffisante d’accueil de la petite enfance et à des critères d’attribution qui ne leur sont pas favorables. Méthodologie : L’enquête empirique repose sur des entretiens de type compréhensif réalisés auprès de mères (N = 27), dans trois quartiers populaires, d’une ville très faiblement dotée en modes d’accueil formel des jeunes enfants. Résultats : L’analyse montre les différentes formes de non-recours qu’ont les mères aux modes d’accueil de jeunes enfants. Ces formes sont connectées aux situations sociales et professionnelles auxquelles elles sont confrontées en lien avec une insuffisance de l’offre locale : une non-demande assumée ou revendiquée ; une non-information et une méconnaissance de l’offre et des démarches administratives ; une non-proposition et une non-réception face à des propositions alternatives à la crèche, des gardes informelles par des proches ou au noir. Avec l’avancée en âge des enfants, les mères expriment des besoins croissants d’accueil qui visent spécifiquement leur développement et leur socialisation, et non seulement les nécessités liées à leur insertion et activité professionnelle. Conclusion : Les difficultés rencontrées par les mères interrogent l’offre municipale dans le domaine de la petite enfance, d’un point de vue quantitatif et qualitatif, ainsi que les bricolages de garde combinant des solutions de garde formelles et informelles. Contribution : Pour comprendre le recours ou non des mères à un accueil extrafamilial, nous soulignons l’importance de prendre en compte simultanément la situation de l’offre locale à laquelle elles sont directement confrontées et leur propre situation sociale et professionnelle. Research Framework: Inequalities in access to childcare for young children are particularly strong in France. We analyze them through the question of the non-recourse to rights and services (Warin, 2016) in order to think about families’ childcare arrangements in relation to a local public offer. Objectives: The objective is to research the different ways in which working-class mothers choose to care for their children when faced with a very inadequate public supply of early childhood care and an allocation criteria that are not favourable to them. Methodology: The empirical survey is based on comprehensive interviews that were carried out with mothers (N = 27) in three working-class neighbourhoods in a city with very few childcare facilities. Results: The analysis shows different forms of non-use that mothers have of childcare facilities. These forms are linked to the social and professional situations they are confronted with, that is in connection with an inadequate local supply: an assumed or asserted non-demand; a lack of information and knowledge of the supply and administrative procedures; a failure to offer and receive alternative proposals to the crèche, informal childcare by relatives or under the table. As their children grow older, mothers express increasing needs for care that are specifically at their development and socialization, and not only the needs related to their professional activity. Conclusions: The difficulties encountered by mothers raise questions about the quantity and quality of municipal childcare provision, as well as the cobbling together of formal and informal childcare solutions. Contribution: To understand whether or not mothers have recourse to extra-familial childcare, we emphasize the importance of simultaneously taking into account the situation of the local supply with which they are directly confronted and their own social and professional situation. Marco de la investigación : Las desigualdades en el acceso a las guarderías para niños pequeños son particularmente fuertes en Francia. Las analizamos a través de la cuestión de la no utilización de derechos y servicios (Warin, 2016), para pensar la relación entre las demandas de las familias y las ofertas públicas locales. Objetivos : El objetivo es analizar las diferentes soluciones adoptadas por madres de sectores populares frente a una oferta pública de cuidado infantil muy insuficiente y con criterios de asignación que no les favorecen. Metodología : El estudio empírico se basa en entrevistas exhaustivas realizadas a madres (N = 27), en tres barrios populares de una ciudad con muy escasa oferta formal de guarderías. Resultados : El análisis muestra diferentes formas de no-recurso a los servicios de guardería por parte de las madres. Estas formas están vinculadas a las situaciones sociales y profesionales a las que se enfrentan, en relación con la falta de oferta local: una no-solicitud autoasumida o afirmada; una falta de información y un desconocimiento de la oferta y de los procedimientos administrativos; la falta de oferta y recepción de propuestas alternativas a la guardería, el cuidado informal de los niños por familiares o fuera del sistema oficial. A medida que los niños crecen, las madres manifiestan necesidades crecientes de cuidados dirigidos específicamente a su desarrollo y su socialización, y no sólo a las necesidades vinculadas a su actividad profesional. Conclusiones : Las dificultades encontradas por las madres ponen en tela de juicio la cantidad y la calidad de la oferta y la política municipal en el ámbito de la primera infancia, así como las posibilidades de combinar soluciones de cuidado formales e informales. Contribución : Para comprender si las madres recurren o no a los cuidados extrafamiliares, se destaca la importancia de tener en cuenta simultáneamente la situación de la oferta local a la que se enfrentan directamente y su propia situación social y profesional.

Childhood convulsion is one of the most common neurological disorders contributing to high mortality and morbidity rate among children. This study assessed the level of knowledge and belief towards prevention of childhood convulsion among women attending infant welfare clinics in selected primary health care centers, Ibadan north local government area. This study adopted a descriptive survey design and a multi-stage sampling technique was used to select one hundred and fifty-one mothers and data was collected with a structured questionnaire. Two research questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at the level of 0.05 significance. Hypothesis one was tested using student chi-square while the second was tested using PPMC. Data was collated, collected, and analyzed using Statistical Package for The Social Sciences (SPSS) 25. The results from the study revealed that the majority of the participants had above average knowledge of childhood convulsion 102(67.5%) x2= 82.475a; p=0.001< .05), there is a significant relationship between respondents’ knowledge and their belief on childhood convulsion (r = .334; p=0.000 < .05), that there is a significant relationship between respondents’ knowledge and preventive practices on childhood convulsion among women attending infant welfare clinic at selected PHC (r = .210; p=0.000 < .05). The majority of the participants demonstrated a high level of knowledge on the causes of and preventive practices towards childhood convulsion but misconceptions about orthodox medication persist, it is therefore recommended that health providers educate mothers on alarming signs and symptoms, care, and proper home management of childhood convulsion.

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the effects of mothers perceived social support during postnatal period on their perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy Material and method: The research is cross-sectional study. The study was carried out with 200 mother who presented to a private University Hospital for delivery in western Turkey between February 2016 and June 27. The data were collected using sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Percentages, Kruskal Wallis one-way analysis of variance, Mann Whitney u test and spearman’s correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean scores the participating mothers obtained from the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale were 73.35 ± 12.01 and 59.11 ± 8.18 respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between the variables such as the participating mothers’ education status and their families’ place of residence, and the mean score they obtained from the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The correlation between the variables such as the participating mothers’ age, educational status, number of deliveries, breastfeeding status and their husbands' age and the mean score they obtained from the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale was also statistically significant. Conclusion: The correlation analysis performed at the end of the present study revealed that there was a positive, weak, statistically significant relationship between the mean scores the participating mothers obtained from the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale.

Purpose: As constipation is a chronic and common disease, cost-effective therapies are needed. In addition, there is a limited number of studies on the aromatherapy massage and normal abdominal massage, which are the traditional and complementary applications included in the constipation management program in the literature. However, there is no study about each of these two applications being superior to the other. Methods: The research was conducted as a quasi-experimental study between June 2018 and February 2020. The sample of the study was composed of a total of 69 infants and their parents including 23 in aromatherapy massage group, 23 in traditional massage group, and 23 in control group, who met the inclusion criteria. The data were assessed by using the personal information form, the intestinal functions assessment form, State Anxiety Inventory, and abdominal massage checklist. The data were assessed by Shapiro Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis test, chi-square test, and generalized linear model. The significance level was taken as p

This paper examines the congruity between mothers' preferences and actual experiences when raising preschool children, using data on mothers of reproductive ages (18-49) from the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) (1994, 2002, and 2012). The findings show that (i) with one exception, in all the countries and years, mothers whose preferences were congruent with their actual employment statuses outnumbered those whose preferences and employment statuses were incongruent; (ii) whereas Czech mothers improved their situations during the period (the congruity increases), Polish mothers - who began the period with the highest congruity - experienced a decrease in congruity, while Hungarian mothers showed the lowest congruity and saw a slight improvement in their situations (they achieved more congruity); and (iii) women who had their children during the communist regimes were more likely to experience incongruity because they worked more than they desired to, while women who became mothers during the post-communist period were more likely to experience congruity when they stayed at home, but they were also more likely to experience incongruity because they were inactive and considered working desirable. Therefore, the results confirm similar trends and diverging paths among the three countries. The high degree of incongruity between preferences and actual experiences is a sign of the problems faced by mothers attempting to reconcile work and family life and also impacts other phenomena, such as female employment, gender equality and fertility.

Backgorund Parents after Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hospitalization of preterm infant may develop psychopathological symptoms. The aim of the study was to determine how parental stress and psychophysical wellbeing affect posttraumatic symptoms (PTTS) in parents during the first year after NICU discharge. Moreover, this study aimed to explore any gender-specific difference in psychological distress among mothers and fathers. Methods Prospective study design from September 2018 to September 2019. 20 pairs of parents of preterm infants admitted to a tertiary-level NICU were enrolled. Primary outcome was evaluation of PTTS in parents of preterm infants at one year after NICU discharge through Impact of Event Scale- Revised. Secondary outcomes were: impact of parental stress, psychophysical wellbeing, anxiety and depression respectively through Parental Stressor Scale: NICU, Short Form Health Survey-36(SF-36), Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale. Results Mothers experienced higher rates of PTTS than fathers across the first year after NICU discharge (55% vs 20%). Maternal avoidance symptoms were associated with perception of their own infant look. Emotional aspects linked to maternal role predicted 36,8% of their hyperarousal symptoms. Maternal PTTS severity was predicted by their social functioning. Paternal mental health was associated both with maternal and paternal intrusive symptoms.. Maternal stress was associated with paternal avoidance symptoms. Paternal mental health predicted their hyperarousal symptoms (40%) and PTSD severity (52%). Conclusions Parents who experienced NICU hospitalization of their own infant are at heightened risk to develop psychopathological symptoms. According to our initial hypothesis, investigating parental psychophysical wellbeing, through SF-36, originally provides a valuable support to detect parents at higher risk to develop posttraumatic outcomes across the first year after NICU discharge. In addition, paternal depression deserves to be taken into account since hospitalization as it could impact paternal PTSD development. Finally, these findings provide an initial evidence of gender-related patterns in PTSD development and psychological distress among mothers and fathers across the first year of their infant.

少子高齢社会が進む中，看護学生は子どもに接する機会が少なくなってきている．看護学生は他看護学領域の実習に比べコミュニケーションに困難を極めることがよくある．本学の学生においても，小児看護学実習に臨むにあたって，受け持ち患児に接することへの戸惑いを感じ，躊躇する学生が多い．そこで,本研究は，看護学生を対象に，患児とのコミュニケーションが取れたきっかけについて把握することを目的とし質的記述的研究を実施した．本研究の結果，学生が患児とコミュニケーションが取れたきっかけは，①患児が好きなキャラクターに興味・関心を向ける，②遊びを通して心を和ませる，③話しながら手を握り安心感を持たせる，④母親との関係づくりに努める，⑤実習病棟のスタッフや担当教員の接し方を見て参考にする等，それぞれの学生が患児とのコミュニケーションにおいて工夫していることが明らかになった．, With the declining birthrate and again society, nursing students have fewer opportunities to interact with theirchildren. Communication is sometimes more difficult than in other areas, and it is a common practice to be extremelydifficult. When I attended the pediatric, I sometimes felt confused and hesitated to deal with the child in charge.However, from the results of this study, the reasons why the students were able to communicate with the patient ware(1) to focus on the character of the patient, (2) to soothe the mind through play, and (3) to hold hands while talking.It was found that they gave a sense of security, (4) tried to build a relationship with the mother, and (5)looked at howthe staff and teachers the training ward interacted with each other for reference.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of meeting national physical activity guidelines among caregivers and to examine the association between meeting the guidelines and psychological and physical health problems in caregivers..METHODS 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) datasets and the national physical activity guidelines (i.e., 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) were used in the current study.RESULTS The prevalence of meeting national physical activity guidelines among caregivers of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents were 46.78%, 48.55%, and 46.54%, respectively. Physically active caregivers of school-aged children showed significantly lower likelihoods of anxiety and obesity compared to physically inactive caregivers of school-aged children. Physically active caregivers of adolescents showed significantly lower likelihoods of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, neck pain, and back pain compared to physically inactive caregivers of adolescents.CONCLUSIONS As parents often experience some health problems, they should be encouraged to meet the national physical activity guidelines. Health care professionals should promote physical activity behaviors in caregivers by considering caregiver’s health conditions.

This paper reviews the existing research in Japan to explore how modern women construe involvement with a child (i.e., childcare behavior) during the child-rearing stage. Results of the review revealed that childcare behaviors responsive to the needs of the child were extremely significant for women in their child-rearing years in relation to their maternal and individual development and, indirectly, the effect on their child’s quality of life (QOL) .Further, this paper references Belsky’s (1984) process of the parenting model to outline the existing research on factors that define the mother-child relationship in Japan: personal psychological resources of mothers, characteristics of children, and childcare support for mothers. The outcomes indicate the mutual influence of maternal involvement with children and characteristics of children. However, support for mothers tailored to personal maternal psychological resources accords flexibility to a mother’s involvement with their child and promotes the maternal development of women engaged in childcare. Furthermore, numerous studies on extending support for mothers have emphasized the approach of encouraging a positive self-evaluation, including self-efficacy as a personal psychological resource for mothers engaged in childcare. Such positive self-evaluation denotes the maternal ability to manage childcare anxiety and boosts satisfaction and fulfillment in mothers. Future investigations must examine the maternal motivation for childcare as a personal psychological resource to devise childcare support methods furthering the realization that mothers can be engaged with the needs of their children.

Background Inequality in health can have profound short- and long-term effects on a child’s life. Infants develop in a responsive environment, and the relationship between mother and infant begins to develop during pregnancy. The mother’s ability to bond with the fetus and newborn child may be challenged by mental health issues which can cause impaired functioning and poorer health outcomes. Families with complex problems need interdisciplinary interventions starting in early pregnancy to be prepared for motherhood and to ensure healthy child development. This study aims to examine the effects of an early and coordinated intervention (the Family Clinic and Municipality (FACAM) intervention) offered to vulnerable pregnant women during pregnancy and the child’s first year of life on the mother-child relationship, maternal social functioning, mental health, reflective functioning, well-being, parental stress, and the development and well-being of the child. Methods The study is a prospective randomized controlled trial where we will randomize 320 pregnant women enrolled to receive antenatal care at the family clinic at Odense University Hospital, to either FACAM intervention or usual care. The FACAM intervention consists of extra support by a health nurse or family therapist during pregnancy and until the child starts school. The intervention is most intensive in the first 12 months and also includes attachment-based support provided either individually or in groups. The participants are assessed at baseline, and when the infant is 3 and 12 months old. The primary outcome is maternal sensitivity measured by the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) instrument. Secondary outcomes include prenatal parental reflective functioning, mental well-being, depressive symptoms, breastfeeding duration, maternal satisfaction, child development, parent competence, parental stress, and activities with the child. Discussion The trial is expected to contribute knowledge about the effect of early coordinated support in antenatal and postnatal care for vulnerable pregnant women and their families. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03659721. Registered on September 6, 2018