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Fusarium chuoi R. Hill, Gaya, D.T. Vu, Sand.-Den. & Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. From chu���i, Vietnamese vernacular name for Musa spp., from which the ex-type strain was isolated. Classification ��� Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes. On SNA and CLA, sporulation abundant from aerial conidiophores and sporodochia. Aerial conidiophores erect or prostrate, copiously branching laterally and sympodially, giving rise to macro-, and rarely, microconidia; aerial conidiogenous cells mono- and polyphialidic, subulate to subcylindrical, smooth- and thin-walled, proliferating sympodially, 6.5���40.5 �� 2.5���4 ��m, with apical flared collarette and periclinal thickening; aerial conidia of two types: microconidia often produced on prostrate conidiophores, rarely on aerial mycelium, aggregating in false heads, ellipsoidal, subcylindrical to slightly falcate, 0 ���1-septate, 8���15 �� 2���29.5 ��m; macroconidia fusiform to falcate, straight to apically dorsiventrally curved, apex curved to pointed, base obtuse to papillate, 1���3-septate, smooth- and thin-walled; 1-septate conidia: (14���)18���27.5(���29.5) �� (2.5���)3���4 ��m (av. 22.8 �� 3.2 ��m); 2-septate conidia: 26���28.5 �� 3���4 ��m (av. 27.4 �� 3.6 ��m); 3-septate conidia: (28���)31.5���43(���50.5) �� 3���4 ��m (av. 37.3 �� 3.5 ��m). Sporodochia saffron, luteous to ochreous coloured (Rayner 1970), formed abundantly on the agar surface and carnation leaves under nuv. Conidiophores in sporodochia, densely and irregularly branched, bearing apical whorls of 2 ��� 4 monophialides; sporodochial monophialides subcylindrical, 10���26 �� 2.5���4.5 ��m, smooth- and thin-walled, with a distinct apical collarette. Sporodochial conidia (macroconidia) falcate, almost straight to gently curved, tapering at both ends, apex curved to blunt, base poorly- to well-developed foot-shaped, 1���6-septate, hyaline, smooth- and thin-walled; 1-septate conidia: (14.5���)15���20.5(���24) �� 3���4.5 ��m (av. 17.9 �� 3.9 ��m); 2-septate conidia: 21.5���32 �� 3���4.5 ��m (av. 26.4 �� 3.5 ��m); 3-septate conidia: (33���)43���61(���71.5) �� (3���)4���5 ��m (av. 51.8 �� 4.2 ��m); 4-septate conidia: (50.5���)55���69(���74.5) �� 3.5���5 ��m (av. 62.3 �� 4.2 ��m); 5-septate conidia: 54 �� 4.5 ��m (rare); 6-septate conidia: (49.5���)56.5���71(���73) �� (3.5���)4���4.5(���5) ��m (av. 63.8 �� 4.3 ��m). Chlamydospores not observed. Culture characteristics ��� Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and oatmeal agar (OA) growing in the dark at 24 �� C covering and entire 9 cm Petri dish in 7 d. Colony surface peach to vinaceous, flat, velvety to felty with abundant floccose aerial mycelium forming concentric rings; colony margins undulate. Reverse flesh to salmon with diffuse coral to brick pigment throughout the medium. Typus. VIETNAM, H�� Tĩnh Province, H����ng S��n District,S��n Kim commune, N18��25'37.38" E105��12'53.95", inside seed of Musa itinerans (Musaceae), 9 Nov. 2014, D.M. Thu, L.T. Phong & T.T. Duong, isol. R. Hill (holotype CBS H-24901,culture ex-type CBS 148464; ITS, LSU, cmdA, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank OK586454, OK586452, OK626304, OK626306, OK626302, OK626308 and OK626310, MycoBank MB 841865). Colour illustrations. Flowers, fruits, leaves and seeds of Musa itinerans (background photo by D. T. Vu); from top to bottom and left to right: colony on PDA after 14 d at 24 �� C in darkness (left = obverse,right = reverse), sporodochia formed on CLA,aerial conidiophore,aerial conidiogenous cells,aerial conidia, sporodochial conidia. Scale bars: black = 20 ��m, white = 10 ��m. Additional material examined. VIETNAM, Ngh��� An Province, Con Cu��ng District, Ch��u Kh�� commune, N19��1'48.73" E104��43'31.97", inside seed of M. itinerans, 18 Nov. 2014, L.T. Phong, V.V. Tung & T.T. Duong, isol. R. Hill (culture CBS 148465; ITS, LSU, cmdA, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank OK586455, OK586453, OK626305, OK626307, OK626303, OK626309 and OK626311). Notes ��� Fusarium chuoi resides in the Asian clade of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC: O���Donnell et al. 1998, Yilmaz et al. 2021, Crous et al. 2021b). Based on nucleotide searches using the Fusarium Pairwise ID engine on the Fusarioid-ID database (www.fusarium.org, Crous et al. 2021) the closest hit using the ITS sequence was Fusarium siculi (strain CBS 142422; identities = 449/450 (99 %), no gaps). The closest hit using the LSU sequence was F. siculi (strain CBS 142422; identities = 804/805 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the cmdA sequence was Fusarium fractiflexum (strain NRRL 28852; identities = 426/434 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the rpb1 sequence was F. fujikuroi (strain NRRL 13566; identities = 687/702 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the rpb2 sequence was Fusarium globosum (strain CBS 428.97; identities = 856/867 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the tef1 sequence was F. fractiflexum (strain NRRL 28852; identities = 619/643 (96 %), 2 gaps (0.3 %)). The phylogenetic results, however, showed that F. chuoi is not directly related to any of the previously described species of FFSC (see Suppl. material FP1353), clustering as the second basal-most species of that clade after F. sacchari. Asian Fusarium spp. in the FFSC are characterised by mono-and polyphialides producing oval to ellipsoid, rarely pyriform to globose (i.e., F. annulatum, F. fujikuroi and F. globosum) microconidia organized in chains or false heads; 3���5-septate sporodochial conidia and lacking chlamydospores. The elaborate, profusely branched aerial conidiophores of F. chuoi are comparable to those of F. concentricum, F. lumajangense, F. mangiferae and F. sacchari, all the latter species producing oval, ellipsoidal to allantoid microconidia on false heads.Aerial conidiophores of F. chuoi, however, mostly produce macroconidia, while microconidia grouped on false heads are restricted to short, mostly unbranched and prostrate conidiophores formed on the surface on the culture media. Several Asian species of the FFSC have been reported from Musa spp. i.e., F. annulatum, F. concentricum, F. fujikuroi, F. lumajangense and F. sacchari (Leslie & Summerell 2006, Maryani et al. 2019, Farr & Rossman 2021). The two strains representing F. chuoi were isolated as endophytes from asymptomatic seeds of wild banana (Musa itinerans), which had been collected predispersal and stored in the Millennium Seed Bank for ~2.5 years at -20 �� C prior to isolation. Supplementary material FP1353 Phylogenetic tree., Published as part of Crous, P. W., Osieck, E. R., Jurjevi, ��, Boers, J., Van Iperen, A. L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T. S., Johnston, P. R., Morozova, O. V., Pinruan, U., Sommai, S., Alvarado, P., Decock, C. A., Lebel, T., McMullan-Fisher, S., Moreno, G., Shivas, R. G., Zhao, L., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abrinbana, M., Ageev, D. V., Akhmetova, G., Alexandrova, A. V., Alt��s, A., Amaral, A. G. G., Angelini, C., Anton��n, V., Arenas, F., Asselman, P., Badali, F., Baghela, A., Ba��ares, A., Barreto, R. W., Baseia, I. G., Bellanger, J. - M., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Biketova, A. Yu., Bukharova, N. V., Burgess, T. I., Cabero, J., C��mara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Ceryngier, P., Ch��vez, R., Cowan, D. A., de Lima, A. F., Oliveira, R. L., Denman, S., Dang, Q. N., Dovana, F., Duarte, I. G., Eichmeier, A., Erhard, A., Esteve-Ravent��s, F., Fellin, A., Ferisin, G., Ferreira, R. J., Ferrer, A., Finy, P., Gaya, E., Geering, A. D. W., Gil-Dur��n, C., Gl��ssnerov��, K., Glushakova, A. M., Gramaje, D., Guard, F. E., Guarnizo, A. L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R. E., Hill, R., Hirooka, Y., Hubka, V., Iliushin, V. A., Ivanova, D. D., Ivanushkina, N. E., Jangsantear, P., Justo, A., Kachalkin, A. V., Kato, S., Khamsuntorn, P., Kirtsideli, I. Y., Knapp, D. G., Kochkina, G. A., Koukol, O., Kov��cs, G. M., Kruse, J., Kumar, T. K. A., Ku��an, I., L��ss��e, T., Larsson, E., Lebeuf, R., Levic��n, G., Loizides, M., Marinho, P., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lukina, E. G., Maga��a-Due��as, V., Maggs-K��lling, G., Malysheva, E. F., Malysheva, V. F., Mart��n, B., Mart��n, M. P., Mato��ec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mehrabi-Koushki, M., Me��i��, A., Miller, A. N., Mironova, P., Moreau, P. - A., Morte, A., M��ller, K., Nagy, L. G., Nanu, S., Navarro-R��denas, A., Nel, W. J., Nguyen, T. H., N��brega, T. F., Noordeloos, M. E., Olariaga, I., Overton, B. E., Ozerskaya, S. M., Palani, P., Pancorbo, F., Papp, V., Paw��owska, J., Pham, T. Q., Phosri, C., Popov, E. S., Portugal, A., Po��ta, A., Reschke, K., Reul, M., Ricci, G. M., Rodr��guez, A., Romanowski, J., Ruchikachorn, N., Saar, I., Safi, A., Sakolrak, B., Salzmann, F., Sandoval-Denis, M., Sangwichein, E., Sanhueza, L., Sato, T., Sastoque, A., Senn-Irlet, B., Shibata, A., Siepe, K., Somrithipol, S., Spetik, M., Sridhar, P., Stchigel, A. M., Stuskova, K., Suwannasai, N., Tan, Y. P., Thangavel, R., Tiago, I., Tiwari, S., Tkal��ec, Z., Tomashevskaya, M. A., Tonegawa, C., Tran, H. X., Tran, N. T., Trov��o, J., Trubitsyn, V. E., Van Wyk, J., Vieira, W. A. S., Vila, J., Visagie, C. M., Vizzini, A., Volobuev, S. V., Vu, D. T., Wangsawat, N., Yaguchi, T., Ercole, E., Ferreira, B. W., de Souza, A. P., Vieira, B. S. & Groenewald, J. Z., 2021, Fusarium chuoi R. Hill, Gaya, D. T. Vu, Sand. - Den. & Crous, R. Hill, Gaya, D. T. Vu, Sand. - Den. & Crous sp. nov., pp. 310-311 in Fungal Planet 47 (1) on page 311, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5856199, {"references":["Rayner RW. 1970. A Mycological Colour Chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew and British Mycological Society.","O'Donnell K, Cigelnik E, Nirenberg H. 1998. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Mycologia 90: 465 - 493.","Yilmaz N, Sandoval-Denis M, Lombard L, et al. 2021. Redefining species limits in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. Persoonia 46: 129 - 162.","Crous PW, Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M, et al. 2021 b. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell. Studies in Mycology 98: 100116.","Crous PW, Cowan DA, Maggs-Kolling G, et al. 2021 a. Fungal Planet descrip- tion sheets: 1182 - 1283. Persoonia 46: 313 - 528.","Leslie JF, Summerell BA. 2006. The Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames.","Maryani N, Sandoval-Denis M, Lombard L, et al. 2019. New endemic Fusarium species hitch-hiking with pathogenic Fusarium strains causing Panama disease in small-holder banana plots in Indonesia. Persoonia 43: 48 - 69."]}

The purpose of the article is to update the problem of methodical training of future masters of higher education, which is an important component of their professional component, the development of professional and psychological and pedagogical creativity of the teacher. An important task of professional training of masters is their thorough knowledge and practical skills in the field of theory and practice of pedagogy and methods of higher education, which ensures the formation of competencies of pedagogical activities in higher education institutions. The dominant component of this process is the methodical preparation for the professional duties of a teacher, research and management of student research, organization and management of the educational process in higher education. The methodological basis is the following approaches: systemic, integrated, competency, innovative, personality-oriented; principles: connection of training with practical activity, realities of life, systematicity and sequence, scientific activity and independence, thoroughness; and methods: general – activity, system, culturological, comparative; special – questionnaire, experiment, observation, document analysis. The scientific novelty of the study is to substantiate the model of content and methodological component of professional training of future teachers of higher education, creating a creative environment for undergraduate students. The study gives grounds to draw the following conclusions. Methodical training of masters is an important factor in improving the professional level of teachers. The logical combination of theoretical and practical training is a necessary condition for achieving a high professional level. Methodical training should be based on innovations and methodical interpretations. The theoretical basis of this study are the main provisions of the system of professional training of students of master's level of training and such an important component as methodological literacy. The main provisions of the theory of teaching have become dominant in substantiating the main postulates of the methodological readiness of future teachers of higher education for teaching. The transition to teaching methods through the use of training technologies is a promising area of professional training of undergraduate students and the development of their creative self-regulation.

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected management of cardiovascular disease around the world. The effect of the pandemic on volume of cardiovascular diagnostic procedures is not known.ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the effects of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular diagnostic procedures and safety practices in Asia.MethodsThe International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey to assess changes in cardiovascular procedure volume and safety practices caused by COVID-19. Testing volumes were reported for March 2020 and April 2020 and were compared to those from March 2019. Data from 180 centers across 33 Asian countries were grouped into 4 subregions for comparison.ResultsProcedure volumes decreased by 47% from March 2019 to March 2020, showing recovery from March 2020 to April 2020 in Eastern Asia, particularly in China. The majority of centers cancelled outpatient activities and increased time per study. Practice changes included implementing physical distancing and restricting visitors. Although COVID testing was not commonly performed, it was conducted in one-third of facilities in Eastern Asia. The most severe reductions in procedure volumes were observed in lower-income countries, where volumes decreased 81% from March 2019 to April2020.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic in Asia caused significant reductions in cardiovascular diagnostic procedures, particularly in low-income countries. Further studies on effects of COVID-19 on cardiovascular outcomes and changes in care delivery are warranted.

The article is dedicated to phonetics of advertising English text organized according to the laws of phonosemantics, in terms of its attractive and manipulative functions. The main attention is paid to the sound-imagery nature of phonosemantic means (alliteration, assonance, metaphor, methonуmy) in the text. English advertising text as a special type of the text and its key aspects such as imperativeness, intertextuality, media and advertising picture of the world associated with language manipulation are considered in the paper in order to underline their significance in advertising text expressiveness. Thus, it proves the necessity of further research in the field of identifying appropriate connotations of the expression plan of Englishlanguage advertising texts.

Nowadays, the use of plant components in terms of their pronounced functional properties is of high relevance. Oat extract contains gums, β–glucans, vitamins (A, B1, B5, B9, PP, H), minerals (Fe, I, K, Si, Mn, Cu, Mo, etc.) and essential amino acids. It has been proven that a long–term use of β–glucans showed the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes and the regulation of cholesterol and blood sugar. β glucans also have immunoprotective, anti–inflammatory, antimicrobial, prebiotic effects and improve intestinal motility. The aim of study was to develop the technology of low–fat high–protein fermented milk product with functional characteristics. Oat extract was used as a natural stabilizer and a source of β–glucans. Maceration technique was used for the extraction. The recommended extraction parameters were established and physicochemical characteristics of the extract were studied. The recommended doses of oat extract when introduced into milk and the optimal heat treatment conditions of the milk–oat mixture were determined. The influence of temperature on the gel–forming properties of oat extract was investigated. The effect of oat extract on rheological behavior, water–holding ability and shelf life of the finished product was studied. Regular consumption of lactic acid microorganisms has a positive effect on the digestive system and metabolism. Based on the organoleptic characteristics and physicochemical changes during the fermentation process in comparison with the control sample (without oat extract), the recommended starter culture combinations (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis subsp, Lactobacillus bulgaricus) were proposed.

The article is about one of the most important problem of modern history – proclamation of the independence of Lithuanians, Poles and Ukrainians. Three nations, Lithuanian, Polish and Ukrainian, entered to the twentieth century enslaved and divided between the empires. The most prominent representatives of the Lithuanian, Polish and Ukrainian intellectual elite during the nineteenth century formulated programs regarding national revival and the creation of independent states. But why did the Ukrainians not succeed in expanding their independence in 1918? In the article, the author tried to find the answer to this question., У статті йдеться про одну з найважливіших проблем сучасної історії - проголошення незалежності литовців, поляків та українців. Три нації, литовська, польська та українська, увійшли до ХХ століття поневоленими й розділеними між тогочасними імперіями. Найвизначніші представники литовської, польської та української інтелектуальної еліти протягом дев'ятнадцятого століття формулювали програми національного відродження та створення незалежних держав. Але чому українці не змогли розбудувати свою незалежність у 1918 році? У статті автор намагався знайти відповідь на це питання.

Biological invasions are a defining feature of the Anthropocene, but the factors that determine the spatially uneven distribution of alien plant species are still poorly understood. Here, we present the first global analysis of the effects of biogeographic factors, the physical environment and socio-economy on the richness of naturalized and invasive alien plants. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models and variation partitioning to disentangle the relative importance of individual factors, and, more broadly, of biogeography, physical environment and socio-economy. As measures of the magnitude of permanent anthropogenic additions to the regional species pool and of species with negative environmental impacts, we calculated the relative richness of naturalized (= RRN) and invasive (= RRI) alien plant species numbers adjusted for the number of native species in 838 terrestrial regions. Socio-economic factors (per-capita gross domestic product (GDP), population density, proportion of agricultural land) were more important in explaining RRI (~50 % of the explained variation) than RRN (~40 %). Warm-temperate and (sub)tropical regions have higher RRN than tropical or cooler regions. We found that socio-economic pressures are more relevant for invasive than for naturalized species richness. The expectation that the southern hemisphere is more invaded than the northern hemisphere was confirmed only for RRN on islands, but not for mainland regions nor for RRI. On average, islands have ~6-fold RRN, and >3-fold RRI compared to mainland regions. Eighty-two islands (=26 % of all islands) harbour more naturalized alien than native plants. Our findings challenge the widely held expectation that socio-economic pressures are more relevant for plant naturalization than for invasive plants. To meet international biodiversity targets and halt the detrimental consequences of plant invasions, it is essential to disrupt the connection between socio-economic development and plant invasions by improving pathway management, early detection and rapid response.

Mechanochemical synthesis based on ball-milling of individual oxides was applied as a one-step preparation technique for CuO-CeO2 catalyst for preferential CO oxidation in H2 excess. The mechanical energy dose transferred to the original powder mixture determines both the catalyst composition and activity. It is found that after 90 min of milling (corresponding to a dose of 372 kJ mol-1), a mixture of 10 wt.% CuO-CeO2 powder exhibits a CO conversion of 97% at 423 K. Four active oxygen states, which are not observed in case of pure CeO2, were detected in the nanocomposite lattice and attributed to the presence of Cu in surface sites as well as in subsurface bulk sites of CeO2, in nearest neighbor and next nearest neighbor positions. Correspondingly, oxidation of CO to CO2 was found to occur in a two-stage process with Tmax = 395/460 K, and oxidation of H2 to H2O likewise in a four-stage process with Tmax = 426/448/468/516 K. The milled powder consists of CeO2 crystallites sized 8-10 nm agglomerated to somewhat larger aggregates, with CuO dispersed on the surface of the CeO2 crystallites, and to a lesser extent present as Cu2O. © 2019 Author(s). This work was partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research [Projects n.n. 16-03-00330a and 16-03-00178a] in theoretical studies and part of experimental research and by FASO [program no. AAAA-A18-118012390374-3]. XPS measurements were supported by FASO (Theme “Electron”). The Alexander von Humboldt foundation is gratefully acknowledged for funding. We also would like to thank N. Berezkina for SEM measurements. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of the Göttingen University. Declarations of interest: none.

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During an expedition in 2018 to Teletskoye Lake, Altaiskiy Nature Reserve and Gorno-Altaysk area (Altay Republic), 49 Cortinarius species were collected and documented, including ITS DNA sequencing of 32 samples. A total of 29 telamonioid species, 3 dermocyboid species, 6 anomaloid species, 6 phlegmacioid species, 3 myxacioid species and 2 species from other groups were found, of which 32 species are new to Altay and 14 species new to Russia. The Cortinarius funga of the Pinus – Betula – Abies forests of Altay is apparently very similar to that of boreal North Europe, and indicates a remarkable uniformity of the taiga from Scandinavia to western Siberia, with respect to fungal communities. Cortinarius privignipallens coll., C. subheterocyclus, C. nodosisporus appeared to be rare Eurasian species. A few undescribed species were also recorded, but since belonging to species complexes, they need further studies. Most of Cortinarius species (33) were found in Pinus sylvestris (Betula) mossy delta forests on sand/pebbles, whereas 9 species were found in the Pinus sibirica – Abies sibirica – Betula mixed tall herb slope forests. A few species were also found in the Alnus viridis subsp. fructicosa – Salix viminalis (Betula) riparian delta forest (3 taxa). Altogether 13 species were recorded in the calciphilous semi-open, partly grazed Betula pendula woodland around Gorno-Altaysk. Altay funga, ITS-barcoding, morphology, new to Russia, taiga НОВЫЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ О ГРИБАХ РОДА CORTINARIUS (AGARICALES, BASIDIOMYCOTA) ИЗ АЛТАЙСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИКА И ОКРЕСТНОСТЕЙ ГОРНО-АЛТАЙСКА (ЮГО-ЗАПАДНАЯ СИБИРЬ, РОССИЯ) New data on Cortinarius funga (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Altaiskiy Nature Reserve and Gorno-Altaysk area (sw Siberia, Russia)

Статья поступила в редакцию 18.02.2019 г. Авторы рассматривают искусство как важнейшее средство формирования образа культуры. Анализируются приемы соединения восточной (индийской) и западной (европейской, американской) культур в опере Гласса «Сатьяграха» и особенности ее восприятия российским слушателем. Art is examined by the author of the paper as a vital means of shaping an image of this art’s native culture through the eyes of another culture. The technique of bringing together Oriental (Indian) and Western (European, American) cultures in Glass’ Satyagraha, and the specifi c perception of the opera by the Russian audience are analyzed.

The key place among nephropathies in children is occupied by inflammatory kidney diseases. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common underlying pathology responsible for the development of urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis in children. VUR is diagnosed in 30-40% of children with urinary tract infections. According to the International Reflux Study Committee, the incidence of nephrosclerosis on the background of VUR is formed in 48% of Caucasian children.Objective: to determine the clinical significance of the level of urinary excretion of biological markers of inflammation (IL-8), fibrogenesis (TGF-β1) and indices of collagen metabolism in children with chronic pyelonephritis and VUR for predicting the development of nephrosclerosis.Material and methods. In total 79 patients aged from 6 months to 16 years old with VUR grade II-V after treatment in a period of clinical!laboratory remission (more than 3 months) of pyelonephritis were examined.Results. Urine excretion of IL-8, TGF-β, and free oxyproline in children with VUR was significantly higher than in children of control group. The median excretion of the protein-bound fraction of oxyproline in the urine of all patients with VU was significantly lower than in the control group.Conclusions. Thus, levels of urinary excretion of biomarkers of inflammation, fibrogenesis and indices of collagen metabolism can be used as markers of the inflammatory process and the development of scarring of the renal parenchyma in children with VUR., Ведущее место среди нефропатий у детей занимают воспалительные заболевания почек. Одним из основных этиопатогенетических факторов считается везико-уретеральный рефлюкс (ВУР). Везико-уретеральный рефлюкс диагностируется у 30–40% детей с инфекцией мочевыводящих путей. По данным Международного комитета по изучению рефлюкса, частота развития нефросклероза при ВУР среди детей европейской популяции составляет 48%.Цель: определить клиническое значение уровня мочевой экскреции биологических маркеров воспаления (IL-8), фиброгенеза (TGF- β1) и показателей обмена коллагена у детей с хроническим пиелонефритом и ВУР для прогнозирования развития нефросклероза.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 79 детей в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 16 лет с II-V степенью ВУР после коррекции, в периоде клинико-лабораторной ремиссии пиелонефрита более трех месяцев.Результаты. Установлено достоверно значимое повышение показателей экскреции IL-8, TGF- β и свободного оксипролина в моче всех детей с ВУР по сравнению с соответствующими показателями детей контрольной группы. Медиана показателей экскреции белково-связанной фракции оксипролина в моче всех пациентов с ВУР была значительно ниже, чем у детей контрольной группы.Выводы. Таким образом, уровни экскреции с мочой биомаркеров воспаления, фиброгенеза и показатели обмена коллагена могут быть использованы в качестве маркеров течения воспалительного процесса и развития рубцевания почечной паренхимы у детей с ВУР., Провідне місце серед нефропатій у дітей займають запальні захворювання нирок. Одним з основних етіопатогенетичних чинників вважається везико-уретеральний рефлюкс (ВУР). Везико-уретеральний рефлюкс діагностується у 30–40% дітей з інфекціями сечовивідних шляхів. За даними Міжнародного комітету з вивчення рефлюксу, частота розвитку нефросклерозу при ВУР серед дітей європейської популяції становить 48%.Мета: визначити клінічне значення рівнів сечової екскреції біологічних маркерів запалення (IL-8), фіброгенезу (TGF-β1) та показників обміну колагену у дітей з хронічним пієлонефритом та ВУР для прогнозування розвитку нефросклерозу.Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 79 дітей віком від 6 місяців до 16 років з II–V ступенем ВУР після корекції, у періоді клініко-лабораторної ремісії пієлонефриту понад три місяці.Результати. Встановлено достовірно значуще підвищення показників екскреції IL-8, TGF-β, вільного оксипроліну у сечі усіх дітей з ВУР порівняно з відповідними показниками дітей контрольної групи. Медіана показників екскреції білково-пов'язаної фракції оксипроліну в сечі усіх пацієнтів з ВУР була значно нижчою, ніж у дітей контрольної групи.Висновки. Рівні екскреції із сечею біомаркерів запалення, фіброгенезу та показники обміну колагену можуть бути використані в якості маркерів перебігу запального процесу та розвитку рубцювання ниркової паренхіми у дітей з ВУР.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a retrograde flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters. One of the leading positions among nephropathy in children is occupied by pyelonephritis, in origin of which congenital anomalies of the urinary tract, including VUR, play the great role. Nephrosclerosis on the background of VUR is formed in 30-60% of patients and leads to the development of the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency in 25-60% of patients.Objective: to determine the clinical relevance of urinary excretion of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IL-8) in children with chronic pyelonephritis and VUR.Material and methods. In total 54 children with VUR grade III-V after endoscopic correction in the stage of clinical and laboratory remission of pyelonephritis were studied. The IL-6 and IL-8 excretion using «Vektor-Best» test kit (Russia) according to the manufacturer's instruction was determined in the 24-hour collection urine of children applying ELISA test.Results. In patients with VUR and no evidences of the renal parenchyma scarring, the increased IL-6, IL-8 urinary excretion reflects the latent course of pyelonephritis. Pseudonoralization of the IL-6 and IL-8 urinary excretion in patients with VUD and signs of nephrosclerosis formation appears to be an additional confirmation of the development and progression of the renal parenchyma scarring.Conclusions. Levels of the urinary excretion of inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and IL-8 may be used as markers for the inflammatory process and the development of kidney scarring in children with VUD., Везико-уретеральный рефлюкс (ВУР) — это ретроградный заброс мочи из мочевого пузыря в мочеточник. Ведущее место среди нефропатий у детей занимает пиелонефрит, в возникновении которого большое значение имеют врожденные аномалии мочевыводящих путей, в том числе и ВУР. Нефросклероз на фоне ВУР формируется у 30–60% больных и приводит к развитию терминальной стадии хронической почечной недостаточности у 25–60% пациентов.Цель — определение клинического значения уровней мочевой экскреции биологических маркеров воспаления (IL-6, IL-8) у детей с хроническим пиелонефритом и ВУР.Материалы и методы. Было обследовано 54 ребенка с ВУР III–V степени после эндоскопической коррекции в периоде клинико-лабораторной ремиссии пиелонефрита. У детей в суточной моче методом иммуноферментного анализа определяли уровень экскреции IL-6 и IL-8 с помощью наборов фирмы «Вектор-Бест» (Росия), в соответствии с инструкцией производителя.Результаты. У пациентов с ВУР без признаков рубцевания почечной паренхимы отмечалось повышение уровня мочевой экскреции IL-6 и IL-8, что отражает латентное течение пиелонефрита. Псевдонормализация уровней мочевой экскреции IL-6 и IL-8 у пациентов с ВУР и признаками формирования нефросклероза является дополнительным подтверждением развития и прогрессирования рубцевания почечной паренхимы.Выводы. Уровни экскреции с мочой биомаркеров воспаления IL-6 и IL-8 могут быть использованы в качестве маркеров течения воспалительного процесса и развития рубцевания паренхимы почек у детей с ВУР., Везико-уретеральний рефлюкс (ВУР) — це ретроградне закидання сечі із сечового міхура у сечовід. Одне з провідних місць серед нефропатій у дітей належить пієлонефриту, у виникненні якого велике значення мають вроджені аномалії сечових шляхів, у тому числі й ВУР. Нефросклероз на тлі ВУР формується у 30–60% хворих і призводить до розвитку термінальної стадії хронічної ниркової недостатності у 25–60% пацієнтів.Мета — визначення клінічного значення рівнів сечової екскреції біологічних маркерів запалення (IL-6, IL-8) у дітей з хронічним пієлонефритом та ВУР.Матеріали і методи. Досліджено 54 дитини з ВУР III–V ступеня після ендоскопічної корекції у періоді клініко1лабораторної ремісії пієлонефриту. У дітей у добовій сечі методом імуноферментного аналізу визначали рівень екскреції IL-6 і IL-8 за допомогою наборів фірми «Вектор-Бест» (Росія), відповідно до інструкцій виробника.Результати. У пацієнтів з ВУР без ознак рубцювання ниркової паренхіми підвищення рівнів сечової екскреції IL-6, IL-8 відбиває латентний перебіг пієлонефриту. Псевдонормалізація рівня сечової екскреції IL-6 та IL-8 у пацієнтів з ВУР та ознаками формування нефросклерозу є додатковим підтвердженням розвитку та прогресування рубцювання ниркової паренхіми.Висновки. Рівні екскреції із сечею біомаркерів запалення IL-6 та IL-8 можуть бути використані в якості маркерів перебігу запального процесу та розвитку рубцювання паренхіми нирок у дітей з ВУР.

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The article considers the possibility of using yoga elements to increase the flexibility of children engaged in dancing. Yoga is now widely used in sports. The effect is noticeable in such disciplines as swimming, running and biking. We did not find any work to study the effectiveness of yoga in dancers. Experimental studies have shown not only the effectiveness of using yoga in the process of stretching dancers, but also the positive effect of asana on the health indicators of the people involved. В статье рассматривается возможность применения элементов йоги для повышения гибкости у танцоров первого года обучения. Йога в настоящее время находит широкое применение в спорте. Эффект заметен в таких дисциплинах, как плавание, бег и велосипедный спорт. Работ по изучению эффективности йоги у танцоров нами обнаружено не было. Экспериментальное исследование позволило выявить не только эффективность использования йоги в процессе растяжки танцоров, но и положительное влияние асан на показатели здоровья занимающихся.

For formal representation of virtual educational space elements, the paper considers the topology methods, in particularly the methods for categories and functors theory, allowing for solving semistructured and indeterminate problems and reflecting their results at the high level of abstraction. The conducted analysis shows the virtual educational space as a generalized scheme, including an associative connection of the site of departments and general education schools, Рассмотрены возможности формального представления элементов виртуального образовательного пространства. Показана обобщенная схема виртуального образовательного пространства. Для систематизации объектов виртуального образовательного пространства предложено использовать теорию категорий, Розглянуто можливості формального подання елементів віртуального освітнього простору. Показано узагальнену схему віртуального освітнього простору. Для систематизації об’єктів віртуального освітнього простору запропоновано використовувати теорію категорій

The study of the influence of perindopril and bisoprolol to the anticoagulative and fibrinolitic activity of plasma was carried out in 35 patients with hypertension I-II. The study have shown the perindopril in combination with bisoprolol significantly increases the anticoagulative and fibrinolytic function of endothelium due to activation of protein C and antitrombin III, and inhibits the plasminogen activity and decreases the plasminogen’s-1 activator’s inhibitor’s level. Thus, hypertension is accompanied with endothelial disfunction development, which is manifested with the growth of anticoagulative features and depression of fibrinolytic features of blood plasma. Administration of course treatment with perindopril and bisoprolol leads to increase of anticoagulative and fibrinolytic blood potential.The main purpose was to study the influence of perindopril and bisoprolol to the anticoagulative and fibrinolitic activity in patients with hypertension. 35 patient with hypertension were observed. Among them, there were 15 patients with hypertenstion I and 20 patients with hypertension II. Perindopril was prescribed once a day in 4-8 mg dose. In case of its inadequate effectivity bisoprolol in dose of 10 mg a day was added into treatment complex.Treatment course was 6 months. In order to control there was examined a group of 30 healthy men. Before and after common venoocclusive test the blood was taken for determining of protein C, antitrombin III plasminogen tissue activator inhibitor-1 (PTAI-1) and plasminogen blood activity. The conducted study showed the initial data of protein C and antitrombin III were veraciously decreased compared with control group: 1st group – by 8,3% (р, У 35 хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу І-ІІ ступеня вивчено вплив периндоприлу і бісопрололу на активність антикоагулянтних і фібринолітичних факторів плазми крові. Встановлено, що поєднання периндоприлу з бісопрололом істотно підвищує антикоагулянтну та фібринолітичну функцію ендотелію за рахунок активації протеїну С і антитромбіну ІІІ та пригнічення активності плазміногену і зниження вмісту інгібітора активатора плазміногена-Отже, гіпертонічна хвороба супроводжується розвитком ендотеліальної дисфункції, яка проявляється зростанням коагулянтних та пригніченням фібринолітичних властивостей плазми крові. Курсове лікування периндоприлом і бісопрололом сприяє збільшенню антикоагулянтного та фібринолітичного потенціалу плазмі крові., У 35 больных гипертонической болезнью І и II степени изучено влияние периндоприла и бисопролола на активность антикоагулянтной и фибринолитической активности плазмы крови. Показано, что сочетание периндоприла в с бисопрололом существенно повышает антикоагулянтную и фибринолитическую функцию эндотелия за счет активации протеина С и антитромбина III, угнетает активность плазминогена и снижает содержание ингибитора активатора плазминогена-1. Таким образом, гипертоническая болезнь сопровождается развитием эндотелиальной дисфункции, которая проявляется ростом коагулянтных и угнетением фибринолитических свойств плазмы крови. Курсовое лечение периндоприлом и бисопрололом способствует увеличению антикоагулянтного и фибринолитического потенциала крови.

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium from the Enterobacteriaceae family. As an opportunistic human pathogen and a causative agent of a range of nosocomial infections, S. marcescens represents a growing public health problem. Little is known about S. marcescens pathogenicity factors, in part due to the lack of well-developed functional genomic tools. Bacteriophage transduction is one of the main mechanisms of horizontal transfer of DNA in bacteria. S. marcescens bacteriophages previously used in transduction experiments are strain-specific, and no comprehensive studies have previously been done to evaluate the efficiency of transduction across different phages and host strains. In this study, we directly compared the ability of bacteriophages ΦOT8 and ΦIF3 to infect two S. marcescens strains, SM6 and SR41-8000. We successfully used bacteriophage ΦOT8 to transfer a mutation in tolC locus between two S. marcescens strains.

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Recenzja monografii: Wojtkiewicz-RokW. Lata chwały i dni grozy. Studia nad dziejami Wydziału Lekarskiego Uniwersytetu Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie. (Toruń, 2012). Рецензія на монографію: Войткевич-РокВ.Роки успіхів і дні невдач. Дослідження історії лікарського відділення Університету Яна Казимира у Львові. (Торунь, 2012). Рецензия на монографию: Войткевич-РокВ.Года успехов и дни неудач. Исследование истории врачебного отделения Университета Яна Казимира во Львове. (Торунь, 2012).

В статье рассматривается значимость невербальных средств коммуникации как стимуляров интереса реципиента и интенсификатов воздейственности представляемой на сайтах британских политиков информации. The article discusses the importance of non-verbal means of communication as stimulators of recipients’ interest and intensification of effectiveness of information provided on the websites of the British politicians.

Features of the structure of bacterioplankton and bacteriobenthos were investigated in seasonal dynamics in experimental ponds with loads of phosphates and cadmium. Adding of cadmium at the background of phosphates decreased the number of cells of bacterioplankton containing polyphosphates and percent polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria in the bacteriobenthos. Based on the known mechanisms for failure of polyphosphates in the presence of heavy metals, it has been suggested that the polyphosphates accumulated by cells of bacterioplankton and bacteriobenthos were used for detoxification of cadmium after its inclusion in the experimental ponds. In open experimental pond, the load for cadmium at the background of phosphates caused a major change in the composition of bacterioplankton. Probably in an overgrown experimental pond, the main role in the accumulation of cadmium belonged to higher aquatic plants. It was found that higher aquatic plants had a strong impact on the complex structure of bacterioplankton and bacteriobenthos. Due to the presence of cattail in experimental ponds in conditions of declining of trophic ability, we detected a quite serious changes directed towards increasing the proportion of polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria in the structure of bacterial communities. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.

У статті розглянуто особливості подання інформації за принципами інфотейнменту. The article analyses the features of presentation of information in obedience to principles of infoteynment.

Participation of planktonic and benthic bacteria in accumulation of polyphosphates in conditions of nitrates and phosphates overload was investigated in model mesocosms with natural water containing hydrobionts and curtains of Typha angustifolia. Experiments were performed in seasonal dynamics. Dynamic of number of bacterioplankton and benthic bacteria was studied in ecosystems of water and ground. It was detected that structure and number of bacterioplankton and benthic bacteria depended on the presence of higher aquatic plants in model biotopes. In overgrown biotopes overload on nitrates and phosphates resulted in development of planktonic and benthic bacteria. Reduction of trophic status of hydro ecosystem on bacterioplankton and low concentrations of biogens were favorable conditions for accumulation of polyphosphates by bacteria. © IDOSI Publications, 2012.

The aim of the study was to analyze the level of cytokines (IL1в, 6, 8 TNF-б,4,10) in blood and in urine using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaying based on the test-systems "Bender Medsystem" (Austria) и "Vektor Best" (Russia, Novosibirsk) in dynamics of disease among 80 children with different variants of obstructive uropathy. It was found that though there are no clinical manifestations of chronic obstructive pyelonephritis the reliable changes of cytokines levels could be seen while in acute phase of the disease was mentioned the imbalance of cytokines with the predominance of pro-inflammatory fractions. The monitoring of cytokines is a perspective and non-invasive method of evaluation of inflammatory process in urinary tracts.

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are widely used to stimulate germination of seeds, improve their quality and speed up the growth of plants. This research was aimed at investigation of the influence of EMF and extensively used seed disinfectant (thiram) on the content of rhizosphere microflora of Pinus sylvestris seedlings. For this purpose, pine seeds were treated with EMF (alone or in combination with thiram), and the rhizosphere microflora was analysed. Various growth media were used to classify bacteria originated from pine rhizosphere. We found that EMF treatment resulted in proliferation of agronomically useful microorganisms including nitrogen-fixing ones. The suggested approach allows improving the microbiological content of soils and to avoid the use of a big amount of mineral fertilizers. © 2008 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences.

Under phosphate-deficient conditions, B. intermedius, B. pumilus, and B. thuringiensis secrete phosphohydrolases, including phosphomono-, phosphodiesterases, and guanyl-specific ribonucleases which cleave RNA molecules to nucleoside-3'-phosphatases. The enzymes are synthesized by phosphate-starved vegetative cells, which is not associated with sporulation. Using B. subtilis strains with mutation in the regulatory protein genes phoP and phoR, it was shown that these proteins regulate expression of B. intermedius, B. pumilus, and B. thuringiensis ribonuclease genes in B. subtilis cells. Genes of heterologous RNAses were activated in recombinant B. subtilis strains simultaneously with its own PHO regulon genes. Presumably a regulatory system homologous to B. subtilis two-component PhoP-PhoR signal transduction system functions in other representatives of the Bacillus genus.

The gene for extracellular guanyl-specific ribonuclease of Bacillus thuringiensis var. subtoxicus (RNase Bth), a close homologue of the B. intermedius RNase (binase), was completely sequenced. Analysis of nucleotide sequences in the regions adjoining RNase genes revealed an identical organization of the chromosomal loci of RNase Bth and binase. Growth characteristics of the Bacillus thuringiensis var. subtoxicus strain and its synthesis of RNase were studied. It was shown that the exogenous inorganic phosphate inhibits the biosynthesis of RNase. At the same time, actinomycin D in low doses stimulates the enzyme synthesis. Comparative analysis of the influence of inorganic phosphate and actinomycin D on the biosynthesis of RNase Bth and binase suggests a possibility of coincidence of regulatory pathways of synthesis of these enzymes. © 2000 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".

Biosynthesis of extracellular alkaline guanyl-specific RNase by Bacillus circulans (RNase Bci) was studied. Synthesis of the enzyme by the culture started in the late exponential phase and was inhibited by inorganic phosphate and glucose, in contrast to the biosynthesis of its structural and functional homologue, RNase Ba (barnase) of B. amyloliquefaciens. It is suggested that differences in the regulation of the biosynthesis of RNases Bci and Ba are related to different structures of their gene promoters. © 1998 MAHK Hayka/Interperiodica Publishing.