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8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 149-152, The Ball-on-Ring test, a type of biaxial bending test that can evaluate the three dimensions flexibility using the maximum bending deflection at crystalline Si wafer fracture. The wafer flexibility was improved by slice damage removal etching process, significantly. And texture formation on the wafer surface decreased flexibility. Furthermore, we found that the flexibility was recovered by mixed acid etching. However, the recovery was not completed as good as before the texturing. SEM observation of the area near the fracture starting point of these samples showed that fracture proceeded along the valley of the pyramidal structure. Further magnification showed that the valleys were rounded off by mixed acid etching. The rounded valleys of the textured structure, mitigated the fracture. Meanwhile reflectance measurements showed that the mixed acid etching had no significant effect on reflectance.

With the advent of the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory (H/GSO), acomplement of multi-spacecraft missions and ground-based observatories to study the space environment, data retrieval, analysis, and visualization of space physics data can be daunting. The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS), agrass-roots software development platform (www.spedas.org), is now officially supported by NASA Heliophysics as part of its data environment infrastructure. It serves more than a dozen space missions and ground observatories and can integrate the full complement of past and upcoming space physics missions with minimal resources, following clear, simple, and well-proven guidelines. Free, modular and configurable to the needs of individual missions, it works in both command-line (ideal for experienced users) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) mode (reducing the learning curve for first-time users). Both options have "crib-sheets," user-command sequences in ASCII format that can facilitate record-and-repeat actions, especially for complex operations and plotting. Crib-sheets enhance scientific interactions, as users can move rapidly and accurately from exchanges of technical information on data processing to efficient discussions regarding data interpretation and science. SPEDAS can readily query and ingest all International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP)-compatible products from the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), enabling access to a vast collection of historic and current mission data. The planned incorporation of Heliophysics Application Programmer's Interface (HAPI) standards will facilitate data ingestion from distributed datasets that adhere to these standards. Although SPEDAS is currently Interactive Data Language (IDL)-based (and interfaces to Java-based tools such as Autoplot), efforts are under-way to expand it further to work with python (first as an interface tool and potentially even receiving an under-the-hood replacement). We review the SPEDAS development history, goals, and current implementation. We explain its "modes of use" with examples geared for users and outline its technical implementation and requirements with software developers in mind. We also describe SPEDAS personnel and software management, interfaces with other organizations, resources and support structure available to the community, and future development plans.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0576-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 126-130, Ultra-thin silicon wafers are suitable for needs such as to reduce the weight of solar cells and realize PVpowered vehicles, with great advantages of bendability and lightweight. Multi diamond-wire sawing has become main stream for wafer slicing in Si solar cell industry because of its high productivity. For thin wafers, it is important to realize high precision slicing to prevent breakage. We evaluated the relationship between sawing damage and crystallinity in order to clarify the cause of wafer breakage and establish low damage slice conditions. It is confirmed that the crystallinity differs depending on the slice conditions. There is significant amount of a-Si phase, crystalline defects on the poor-controlled slicing surface, while the well-controlled surface shows almost only single-crystalline Si phase. Furthermore, we found that the well-controlled smooth surface provided the higher tolerance for the breakage. As a result, the highly flexible ultrathin wafer is obtained with well-controlled surface crystallinity. The PERT cell fabrication using ultra-thin wafers showed that the relative deference of cell efficiency between 166 μm and 84 μm-thick solar cells was as small as only 1.2% (relative).

Pulsating auroras (PsAs) are thought to be generated by precipitating electrons scattered by lower‐band chorus (LBC) waves near the magnetic equator. One‐to‐one correlation between the LBC intensity and the PsA intensity has been reported. Electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves can also scatter electrons. However, direct correlation between ECH and PsA has not been reported yet. In this study, using a coordinated Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace (Arase) satellite and ground‐based imager observation, we report that not only LBC but also ECH have correlation with PsA. We estimated the precipitating electron energy by assuming that the time lag when the cross‐correlation coefficient became the highest was travel time of electrons from the modulation region. We found that the estimated energies show reasonable values as the cyclotron resonance energy of each wave.

Low Earth orbit satellites frequently encounter Pc1 pulsations, but most have been observed with limited latitudinal extent or short lifetime. In this study we analyze two large‐scale Pc1 pulsations (both latitudinally wide and long‐lasting) generated by ionospheric ducting effect using Swarm and ground magnetometers on 25 June and 3 September 2015. Swarm observed the 25 June pulsations on both dayside and nightside during the storm time substorm (a strong geomagnetic storm on 23 June with \(D_{st} = − 204~nT\)). We found the Pc1 pulsations were pervasive in both magnetic local time sectors of dayside and nightside for at least 2 hr. Another large Pc1 pulsation on 3 September was observed during a nonstorm substorm period. We conclude that (1) ionospheric ducting can transmit Pc1 waves to a wide range of L shells, (2) geomagnetic storm is not a prerequisite for such large‐scale ducting, and (3) wave intensity can abruptly decrease across sharp gradients in the ionospheric plasma density.

Demetrius Ellis, Yosuke MiyashitaChildren’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USAAbstract: The prevalence of hypertension has increased at an accelerated rate in older children and adolescents. This has raised great concern about premature development of cardiovascular disease, which has major long-term health and financial implications. While obesity and sedentary habits largely explain this phenomenon, there are other social and cultural influences that may unmask genetic susceptibility to hypertension in the pediatric population. While it is essential to exclude numerous causes of secondary hypertension in every child, these disorders are not discussed in this review. Rather, the aim of this review is to familiarize pediatricians with casual and ambulatory blood pressure measurement, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of several common conditions that play a role in the development of hypertension in children and adolescents. Besides primary hypertension and obesity-related hypertension, emphasis is given to epidemiology, measurement of blood pressure, including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, hypertension associated with drug use, teenage pregnancy, and video and computer games. Lastly, because pediatricians are increasingly confronted with special issues concerning the management of the hypertensive athlete, this topic is also addressed.Keywords: hypertension, adolescents, obesity, drugs, pregnancy, athletes

The severity of metabolic syndrome depends on the degree of insulin resistance. However, currently there is no adequate clinical marker for quantitative analysis of insulin resistance. A small quantity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) protein, which is an inactive form and commonly called 'preheparin LPL mass', exists in serum and is detected by a sensitive immunoassay system. Recent studies have reported the clinical significance of serum preheparin LPL mass levels in various aspects. For example, preheparin LPL mass is negatively related to serum triglyceride and positively related to HDL-cholesterol, is low in type 2 diabetes mellitus, is increased by administration of insulin sensitizer, and shows an inverse relationship with visceral adiposity. Furthermore, preheparin LPL mass level is significantly lower in patients with coronary atherosclerosis compared to patients with no lesion, and correlates negatively with the severity of these lesions. From these reports, preheparin LPL mass may be considered to be the most important quantitative indicator of insulin resistance of the whole body.

One-neutron knockout from 24 O leading to the first excited state in 23 O has been measured for a proton target at a beam energy of 62 MeV/nucleon. The decay energy spectrum of the neutron unbound state of 23 O was reconstructed from the measured four momenta of the 22 O fragment and emitted neutron. A sharp peak was found at Edecay=50±3 keV , corresponding to an excited state in 23 O at 2.78±0.11 MeV , as observed in previous measurements. The longitudinal momentum distribution for this state was consistent with d -wave neutron knockout, providing support for a Jπ assignment of 5/2+ . The associated spectroscopic factor was deduced to be C2S(0d5/2)=4.1±0.4 by comparing the measured cross section ( σ−1nexp=61±6 mb ) with a distorted wave impulse approximation calculation. Such a large occupancy for the neutron 0d5/2 orbital is in line with the N=16 shell closure in 24 O.

One-neutron knockout from 24O leading to the first excited state in 23O has been measured for a proton target at a beam energy of 62 MeV/nucleon. The decay energy spectrum of the neutron unbound state of 23O was reconstructed from the measured four momenta of the 22O fragment and emitted neutron. A sharp peak was found at Edecay=50$\pm$3 keV, corresponding to an excited state in 23O at 2.78$\pm$0.11 MeV, as observed in previous measurements. The longitudinal momentum distribution for this state was consistent with d -wave neutron knockout, providing support for a J{\pi} assignment of 5/2+. The associated spectroscopic factor was deduced to be C2S(0d5/2)=4.1$\pm$0.4 by comparing the measured cross section (View the MathML source) with a distorted wave impulse approximation calculation. Such a large occupancy for the neutron 0d5/2 orbital is in line with the N=16 shell closure in 24O., Comment: Published in Physics Letters B (18 October 2014)

Open Access; International audience; One-neutron knockout from 24O leading to the first excited state in 23O has been measured for a proton target at a beam energy of 62 MeV/nucleon. The decay energy spectrum of the neutron unbound state of 23O was reconstructed from the measured four momenta of the 22O fragment and emitted neutron. A sharp peak was found at Edecay=50±3 keV, corresponding to an excited state in 23O at 2.78±0.11 MeV, as observed in previous measurements. The longitudinal momentum distribution for this state was consistent with d -wave neutron knockout, providing support for a Jπ assignment of 5/2+. The associated spectroscopic factor was deduced to be C2S(0d5/2)=4.1±0.4 by comparing the measured cross section (View the MathML source) with a distorted wave impulse approximation calculation. Such a large occupancy for the neutron 0d5/2 orbital is in line with the N=16 shell closure in 24O.The neutron drip-line nucleus 24O, which has been studied extensively in recent years [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13] and [14], is now considered a doubly-closed-shell nucleus. In particular, the high excitation energy of the first 2+ state [7] and small quadrupole transition parameter [14] are strong indicators of an N=16 spherical shell closure. In addition, Kanungo et al. [8] found a large spectroscopic factor – C2S(1s1/2)=1.74±0.19 – for one-neutron knockout from 24O reflecting an almost complete occupancy of the 1s1/2 orbital.In this Letter we report on the spectroscopic factor for d5/2 neutron removal from 24O. The first excited state of 23O, which is neutron unbound [15], [13] and [16], was populated by one-neutron knockout from 24O with a proton target. The excitation energy, cross section, and longitudinal momentum distribution were determined and allowed the 0d5/2 neutron-hole nature of this state to be identified. The large spectroscopic factor deduced for this state is in line with the N=16 shell closure in 24O.The experiment was performed at the RIPS facility [17] at RIKEN. The experimental setup has been described in Refs. [14] and [18], and is depicted in Fig. 1. The secondary 24O beam was produced using a 1.5 mm-thick Be production target and a 95 MeV/nucleon 40Ar primary beam of ∼40 pnA. The average intensity of the 24O beam was ∼4 particles/sec. The momentum of the secondary beam was determined particle-by-particle by measuring the position at the dispersive focus F1 of RIPS with a parallel plate avalanche counter. The energy loss (ΔE ) and time-of-flight (TOF) were measured using 350 μm-thick silicon and 500 μm-thick plastic scintillator detectors, respectively, at the achromatic focus F2. The liquid-hydrogen (LH2) target [19] was installed at the achromatic focus F3. The effective target thickness and the mid-target energy of 24O were 159±3 mg/cm2 and 62 MeV/nucleon, respectively. The 24O beam incident on the target was tracked particle-by-particle by using two multi-wire drift chambers installed just upstream of the target. The target was surrounded by an array consisting of 48 NaI(Tl) crystals (DALI) to detect γ rays from de-excitation of the fragments.

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A search for isomeric gamma-decays among fission fragments from 345 MeV/nucleon 238U has been performed at the RIKEN Nishina Center RI Beam Factory. Fission fragments were selected and identified using the superconducting in-flight separator BigRIPS and were implanted in an aluminum stopper. Delayed gamma-rays were detected using three clover-type high-purity germanium detectors located at the focal plane within a time window of 20 microseconds following the implantation. We identified a total of 54 microsecond isomers with half-lives of ~0.1 - 10 microseconds, including discovery of 18 new isomers in very neutron-rich nuclei: 59Tim, 90Asm, 92Sem, 93Sem, 94Brm, 95Brm, 96Brm, 97Rbm, 108Nbm, 109Mom, 117Rum, 119Rum, 120Rhm, 122Rhm, 121Pdm, 124Pdm, 124Agm and 126Agm, and obtained a wealth of spectroscopic information such as half-lives, gamma-ray energies, gamma-ray relative intensities and gamma-gamma coincidences over a wide range of neutron-rich exotic nuclei. Proposed level schemes are presented for 59Tim, 82Gam, 92Brm, 94Brm, 95Brm, 97Rbm, 98Rbm, 108Nbm, 108Zrm, 109Mom, 117Rum, 119Rum, 120Rhm, 122Rhm, 121Pdm, 124Agm and 125Agm, based on the obtained spectroscopic information and the systematics in neighboring nuclei. Nature of the nuclear isomerism is discussed in relation to evolution of nuclear structure.

The unbound excited states of the neutron drip-line isotope O-24 have been investigated via the O-24(p, p')O-23 + n reaction in inverse kinematics at a beam energy of 62 MeV/nucleon. The decay energy spectrum of O-24* was reconstructed from the momenta of O-23 and the neutron. The spin parity of the first excited state, observed at E-x = 4.65 +/- 0.14 MeV, was determined to be J(pi) = 2(+) from the angular distribution of the cross section. Higher-lying states were also observed. The quadrupole transition parameter beta(2) of the 2(1)(+) state was deduced, for the first time, to be 0.15 +/- 0.04. The relatively high excitation energy and small beta(2) value are indicative of the N = 16 shell closure in O-24.

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第35回極域宙空圏シンポジウム 11月16日（水） 統計数理研究所 3階リフレッシュフロア

Accepted: 2011-09-13, 資料番号: SA1003057000

Scatter behavior of fatigue life in die-cast AM60B alloy was investigated. For comparison, those in rolled AM60B alloy and die-cast A365-T5 aluminum alloy were also studied. Scatter behavior of pore size was also investigated to discuss dominant factors for fatigue life scatter in die-cast materials. Three-parameter Weibull function was suitable to explain the scatter behavior of both fatigue life and pore size. The scatter of fatigue life in die-cast AM60B alloy was almost comparable to that in die-cast A365-T5 alloy, while it was significantly large compared to that in the rolled AM60B alloy. Scatter behavior of pore size observed at fracture nucleation site on the fracture surface was comparable to that observed on the specimen cross-section and also to that of fatigue life. Therefore, the dominant factor for large scatter of fatigue life in die-cast alloys would be the large scatter of pore size. This speculation was confirmed by the fracture mechanics fatigue life prediction, where the pore observed at fatigue crack nucleation site was assumed as the pre-existing crack., {"references":["Y. Lu, F. Taheri, M.A. Gharghouri, and H.P. Han, \"Experimental and\nnumerical study of the effects of porosity on fatigue crack initiation of\nHPDC magnesium AM60B alloy,\" J. Alloys Compd., vol. 470, pp. 202-\n213, 2008.","M.F. Horstemeyer, N. Yang, K. Gall, D. McDowell, J. Fan, and P.\nGullet, \"High cycle fatigue mechanisms in a cast AM60B magnesium\nalloy,\" Fatigue Fract. Engng. Mater Struct., vol. 25, pp. 1045-1056,\n2002.","B. Skallerud, T. Iveland, and G. Harkegard, \"Fatigue life assessment\nof aluminum alloys with casting defects,\" Eng. Fract. Mech., vol. 44,\npp. 857-874, 1993.","Q.G. Wang, D. Apelian, and D.A. Lados, \"Fatigue behavior of A356-T6\naluminum cast alloys. Part I. Effect of casting defects,\" J. Light Met.,\nvol. 1, pp. 73-84, 2001.","J.Z. Yi, P.D. Lee, T.C. Lindley, and T. Fukui, \"Statistical modeling of\nmicrostructure and defect population effects on the fatigue performance\nof cast A356-T6 automotive components,\" Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 432,\npp. 59-68, 2006.","J. Schijve, Fatigue of Structures and Materials, Springer, 2008, pp. 373-\n393.","H. El Kadiri, Y. Xue, M.F. Horstemeyer, J.B Jordan, and P.T. Wang,\n\"Identification and modeling of fatigue crack growth mechanisms in a\ndie-cast AM50 magnesium alloy,\" Acta Metall., vol. 54, pp. 5061-5076,\n2006.","M.F. Horstemeyer, N. Yang, K. Gall, D. L. McDowell, J. Fan and P. M.\nGullett, \"High cycle fatigue of a die cast AZ91E-T4 magnesium alloy,\"\nActa Materialia, 2004, vol. 52, pp.1327-1336.","C. Nyahumwa, N.R. Green, and J. Campbell, \"Influence of casting\ntechnique and hot isostatic pressing on the fatigue of an Al-7Si-Mg\nalloy,\" Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 32A, pp. 349-358, 2001.\n[10] J.Z. Yi, Y.X. Gao, P.D. Lee, H.M. Flower, and T.C. Lindley, \"Scatter in\nfatigue life due to effects of porosity in cast A356-T6 aluminum-silicon\nalloys,\" Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 34, pp. 1879-1890, 2003.\n[11] J. Schijve, \"Statistical distribution functions and fatigue of structures,\"\nInter. J. of Fatigue, vol. 27, pp. 1031-1039, 2005.\n[12] W. Weibull, \"A Statistical distribution function of wide applicability,\" J.\nAppl. Mech, 1951, vol. 18, pp. 293-297.\n[13] X. Teng, H. Mae, Y. Bai, and T. Wierzbicki, Eng. Fract. Mech, 2009,\n\"Pore size and fracture ductility of aluminum low pressure die casting,\"\nvol. 76, pp. 983-996, 2009.\n[14] S.A. Khan, \"Effect of anodized layer on fatigue behavior under humid\nenvironment,\" Ph.D. Thesis, 2007, pp. 5.1-5.17.\n[15] J.C. Newman, JR., and I.S. Raju, \"An empirical stress-intensity factor\nequation for the surface crack,\" Engineering Fracture Mechanics,\nPergamon Press Ltd.,1981, vol. 15, No. 1-2, pp. 185-192.\n[16] Y. Murakami, \"Metal Fatigue: Effect of Small Defects and Nonmetallic\nInclusions,\" Elsevier Science Ltd, Boston, MA, 2002, pp. 369.\n[17] J.C. Ting, V. Frederick, and F.V. Lawrence, JR, \"Modeling the long-life\nfatigue behavior of a cast aluminum alloy,\" Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater.\nStruct., vol. 16, pp. 631-647, 1993."]}

第11回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2011年1月5日-7日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 11th Space Science Symposium (January 5-7, 2011. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 形態: カラー図版あり, 形態: CD-ROM1枚, 著者人数: 23人, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Note: One CD-ROM, Number of authors: 23, 資料番号: AA0065426105

The β-decay half-lives of 38 neutron-rich isotopes from (36)Kr to (43)Tc have been measured; the half-lives of (100)Kr, (103-105)Sr, (106-108)Y, (108-110)Zr, (111,112)Nb, (112-115)Mo, and (116,117)Tc are reported here. The results when compared with previous standard models indicate an overestimation in the predicted half-lives by a factor of 2 or more in the A≈110 region. A revised model based on the second generation gross theory of β decay better predicts the measured half-lives and suggests a more rapid flow of the rapid neutron-capture process (r-matter flow) through this region than previously predicted.

Accepted: 2009-09-09, 資料番号: SA1000822000

The broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurement using the rectifying effect of Ni81Fe19 wire has been investigated. One wire is deposited on the center strip line of the coplanar waveguide (CPW) and the other one deposited between two strip lines of CPW. The method is based on the detection of the magnetoresistance oscillation due to the magnetization dynamics induced by the radio frequency field. The magnetic field dependences of the resonance frequency and the rectification spectrum are presented and analytically interpreted on the standpoint of a uniform magnetization precession model., 33pages, 8 figures. submitted

著者人数：14名, Accepted: 2005-09-22, 資料番号: SA1002566000

Accepted: 2004-08-24, 資料番号: SA1002559000

The total charge-changing, charge pick-up, and partial charge-changing cross sections of very neutron-rich nuclei (^Ne, ^Na) with a proton target have been measured at ∼240A MeV for the first time. We introduced the phenomenological correction factor in Glauber-model calculations for the total charge-changing cross sections with the proton target, and applied it to deduce the proton radii of these nuclei. For ^Ne and ^Na, the neutron skin thicknesses of the nuclei were deduced by comparing the proton radii with the matter radii deduced from the interaction cross-section measurements. A significant thick neutron-skin has been observed for the nuclei. We also found that the charge pick-up cross sections are much larger than those in the systematics of stable nuclei.