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Use of insecticides has led to the fixation of alleles for single amino acid changes in the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) in insects of agricultural or medical importance. In this short note, we study allele frequencies of 5 kdr loci, S989, I1011, L1014, V1016 and F1534 in a population of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera Culicidae), collected in the only identified location with persistent infestations in Costa Rica. We found no mutant alleles associated with kdr resistance, and a synonymous point mutation was observed at loci V1016. Our results likely reflect the recent invasion of the Asian tiger mosquito in Costa Rica, and also provide a baseline for future studies looking at the global distribution of kdr mutations in this important vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses., Bulletin of Insectology, 68(1), pp.61-63; 2015

This workshop was planned to make use of the neutron from the reactor and the pulse neutron source JSNS for the industrial world. Especially, this workshop focused on the stress measurement by the neutron diffraction and it was held on the Tokai JAERI from October 15 to 16, 2001. The participant total was 93 and 40 participated from the industrial world. The introduction of the residual stress development of measurement technique by the neutron diffraction method and a research of the measurement of the residual stress such as the nuclear reactor material, the ordinary structure material, the composite material, the quenching steel, the high strength material were presented and discussed in this workshop. Moreover, it was introduced for the industrial world that an internal stress measurement is important for development of new product or an improvement of a manufacturing process. The question from the industrial world about which can be measured the product form, the size, the measurement precision, the resolution, and the installation plan of internal stress measurement equipment using the pulse neutron source under construction. From an expert, there was a question concerning on the internal stress distribution measurement about stress corrosion cracking etc.

We designed and synthesized four novel tricyclicnucleosides 1-4, which have imidazo[5',4':4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine structures, to construct theramallystable, non-natural, DNA duplexes. Both 1:2 and 3:4 possess four complementary hydrogen-bond pairs and are expected to form more stable base-pairs than the naturally occurring Watson-Crick base-pairs when incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). NMR studies of these base-pairs at the nucleoside level in CDCl3 identified the expected base-pair formation with four hydrogen bonds. We also synthesized several ODNs containing these nucleosides and measured their thermal stability. We found that if several of the novel base-pairs were incorporated on complementary strands, the resulting DNA duplexes had very high thermal stability.