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El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una metodología para la gestión de la vida útil de las baterías de Litio-ion de una flota completa de autobuses eléctrico-híbridos orientado a mejorar el costo total de operación. Esta propuesta se ha abordado desde dos puntos de vista: autobús-a-ruta y ruta-a-autobús. La optimización autobús-a-ruta se enfoca en la generación de la gestión energética de cada autobús perteneciente a la ruta. Para este efecto, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis tecno-económico, energético y de esperanza de vida de las baterías de la flota de vehículos. Partiendo del resultado de este análisis, los vehículos han sido agrupados de acuerdo al parámetro del estado de salud de la batería de cada autobús. Basándose en dicho análisis y clasificación, se ha realizado la aplicación del enfoque ruta-a-autobús. Esta técnica considera tanto una re-evaluación de la gestión energética y/o una reorganización de los autobuses de acuerdo al estado de salud de sus baterías. Se ha conseguido un incremento de hasta 10.7% de la vida útil de las baterías haciendo uso de los enfoques propuestos. This paper aims to propose a methodology for managing Li-ion battery life for a whole fleet, focusing on improving the total operating costs for hybrid electric buses. This problem is approached in two different ways: bus-to-route and route-to-bus. Bus-to-route optimization focuses on developing an energy management strategy for each bus in the fleet. A techno-economic, energy and battery aging analysis of the fleet was carried out. As per the outcomes of this analysis, buses were grouped according to the state of health of the battery of each bus. Based on this analysis and classification, the routeto-bus approach was applied. This technique involves a re-evaluation of the energy management system and a reorganization of the buses according to the state of health of the battery of each bus. Increases in battery (BT) life of up to 10.7% were obtained using the proposed approach.

This paper is focused on a series hybrid electric bus (SHEB). A rule-based energy management strategy is proposed by controlling the state of charge (SOC) of the battery (BT) and a variable output control for the auxiliary power unit (APU). Furthermore, a power splitter control is developed to split the power among BT and supercapacitor (SC). The optimization to obtain the values for the control levels is carried out with multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA). The aim of the optimization is to minimize the daily operating cost of the bus. The objective functions are the costs related to fuel and energy (BT and SC degradation by cycling cost, recharge from the grid cost) consumption. The results are given in a Pareto front with a set of optimal solutions, the optimal one will depend of an analysis on which objective has priority to be minimized and what are the consequences of this decision on the other one.