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Tekstil ve hazır giyim sektöründeki rekabet koşulları, işletmeleri maliyetleri düşürmeye, fireleri azaltmaya, performans ölçümü yapmaya ve etkin bir planlama ile üretim sürecini çok iyi yönetmeye zorlamaktadır. İş ve zaman etüdü, etkili bir üretim yönetiminde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Hazır giyim sektöründe üretilecek modelin optimum üretim süresinin tespitinde çeşitli teknikler kullanılmaktadır. Üretim süresinin doğru şekilde ve hızlı olarak tespit edilmesi doğrudan işletme verimliliğini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, bornoz üretiminde darboğaz oluşturabilecek bir faaliyet olarak yan birleştirme faaliyeti seçilmiştir. Seçilen faaliyetin analizi kronometre ve MTM (Metot Zamanlarının Ölçümü) ile yapılmıştır. Bu iki yöntemle elde edilen veriler karşılaştırılarak işletme açısından verimliliği değerlendirilmiştir.

Dimensional change problems experienced in textile products have always been an important subject and in the focus of attention. Today it is expected that dimensional changes in fabrics, the basic material of textile products, must range within certain limitations. Fabrics processed in the finishing divisions are wound or decatized in various forms according to the fabric structure and the demands of garment manufacturers. However, fabrics may be distorted in these storing processes, which results in undesired dimensional changes under the stress incurred. Nevertheless fabrics are required to be delivered to garment manufacturers at specific tension values. Indeed these values are not acquired as expected; consequently, it is known that they represent a core conflict subject between finishing plants and garment manufacturers. The present study investigated the structures of garment manufacturers and dimensional change problems they experience during fabric layout. The aim was to determine the severity of the problem in terms of the garment manufacturer and fabric types, which cause problems frequently, and to search for solutions to overcome this issue by means of a survey study. Solutions which would increase production efficiency and reduce processing time have been emphasized. © 2015, Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres. All rights reserved.

In the present study, bathrobes manufactured from terry towel fabric in the scope of home textile and new trend bathrobes made from pestemal with a 650-year long history were compared in terms of their fabric utilization efficiency in the garment manufacturing process. Terry towel fabric bathrobes have a significant market share in home textile. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the fabric utilisation efficiency of pestemal bathrobes and terry towel fabric bathrobes in pattern and spread cutting processes. The effect of the properties of towel fabric and the pestemal bathrobe on the fabric cutting process in garment manufacturing was investigated. Within the scope of this study, marker plans for 3 different selected bathrobe models were prepared by taking the widths of terry towel fabric and pestemal fabrics into consideration. As a result of the investigations, ideal fabric widths of coiled fabric for kimono, shawl collar and hooded bathrobe models for the cutting process were determined as 152, 163 and 158 cm, respectively. For pestemal bathrobes, an ideal spreading plan was suggested according to the weaving method reported. In the light of these findings, relevant suggestions concerning fabric utility efficiency were drawn for manufacturers concerning garment manufacturing processes using both fabric types. © 2018, Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres. All rights reserved.

When anti-shrinkage precaution is taken for finishing processes, shrinkage could be observed with cotton and viscose fabrics by 815% and 20%, respectively. Therefore, capability of estimation of shrinkage rate for fabrics at the end of finishing would be a significant advantage. This study tried to estimate the shrinkage of single jersey and interlock fabrics at the end of relaxation processes by means of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). To that end totally 72 varieties of fabric were manufactured in two groups of the elastane and the non-elastane fabrics. Then, in each of two groups included 36 different varieties on the basis of single jersey and interlock weaving types using six different raw materials in three different densities. The processes were applied to fabrics during finishing process are thermofixing, washing, drying and sanforizing process. ANN model was used to predict dimensional change at the end of the sanforizing. For ANN, the two-layer feed-forward perceptron, also called single hidden layer feed-forward neural network was used to estimate dimensional change of width and length. Finally, the ANN exhibited successful performance in prediction of dimensional change in fabrics. The prediction of the dimensional properties produced by the neural network model was proved to be highly reliable (R2> 0.98).

The purpose of the present study was to estimate dimensional measure properties of T-shirts made up of single jersey and interlock fabrics through artificial neural networks (ANN). To that end, 72 different types of T-shirts were manufactured under 2 different fabric groups, each was consisting of 2 groups: one with elastane and the other without. Each of these groups were manufactured from six different materials in three different densities through two different knitting techniques of single jersey and interlock. For estimation of dimensional changes in these T-shirts, models including feed-forward, back-propagated, the momentum learning rule and sigmoid transfer function were utilized. As a result of the present study, the ANN system was found to be successful in estimation of pattern measures of garments. The prediction of dimensional properties produced by the neural network model proved to be highly reliable (R2> 0.99). © 2017, Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres. All rights reserved.

Dimensional change issue with knitted fabrics is considered as an important problem for manufacturers. As a result of relaxation on knitted fabrics, dimensional change problem occurs. Although dimensional stability test results of knitted fabrics given by the finishing department to garment manufacturers are within acceptable standards, all sorts of rolling and spreading processes increase internal tensions of fabrics. This situation causes customer complaints related with dimensional change issues. Garment manufacturers apply various solutions to avoid dimensional change problem. Before the manufacturing process, fabrics are unrolled and awaited in proper areas for relaxation; then, washing and ironing tests are done to determine pattern tolerance of the garments. In the present study, the effect of dimensional changes on various knitted fabrics to final product (t-shirt) was investigated. Standard width and length dimensions of the pattern tolerances for garment production is investigated. Finally, on the basis of our findings, suggestions were drawn concerning garment pattern tolerances in order to accomplish manufacturing within appropriate garment measurements.

Hastane giysilerinden beklenilen temel özellikler; toz ve uçuntu oluşturmaması, uygun gözenek yapısına sahip olması, sıvıları geçirmemesi, defalarca sterilize edilebilmesi,anti bakteriyel ve anti mikrobiyal özellik göstermesi, yırtılma vb. mekanik hasara dayanıklı olması, giyim konforu, kullanıcıya hareket kolaylığı ve hafiflik sağlamasıdır. Bu özellikler hastane giysisi tasarımını yönlendiren en önemli faktörlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlık personelinin klinik çok kullanımlık önlüklerden beklentilerini fiziksel açıdan bedensel ihtiyaçlar- hareket, rahatlık, ısı ve koruma ve model tercihi, renk, biçim, modaya uygunluk vb. açısından belirlemek, hastane-lereve üretici firmalara öneriler sunabilmektir. Bu çalışma üç aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk olarak fiziksel ya da bedensel olarak doktor ve hemşirelerin önlüklerden beklentileri belirlenmiş, ikinci olarak ruhun, aklın ve duyguların ihtiyaçları açısından kullanıcının talepleri değerlendirilmiş, yani moda olan modeller ve renk gibikavramlar üzere veriler toplanmıştır. Üçüncü aşamada ise beklentiler doğrultusunda doktor ve hemşire önlükleri için çeşitli modellerin tasarımları yapılmış, farklırenk ve model alternatifleri arasından seçilen-tercih edilen modellerin, üretimleri yapılarak bu modellerin üretim aşamaları incelenmiştir.

Bu çalışmada farklı iplik cinsleri ile üretilmiş süprem, lycralı süprem, interlok ve lycralı interlok kumaşlara uygulanan kuru relaksasyon işleminin, örme kumaşın yapısal özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Üretilen kumaşlar ile ilgili yapısal özellikler (sıra-çubuk sıklığı, ilmek iplik uzunluğu ve gramaj) iki ayrı durumda (örme makinesinden çıktığı ilk anda ve kuru relaksasyon işlemine tabi tutularak) ölçülmüş ve sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Ölçüm sonuçlarından elde edilen değerler ile boyutsal parametreler hesaplanmış, hesaplanan değerlere SPPS istatistik programında tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, makineden çıkan ve sonrasında kuru relaksasyon işleminden geçen tüm kumaş çeşitlerinin “kc ve kw” parametrelerinde anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Lycra içermeyen tüm kumaşlardaki “kc ve kw” değerleri, lycra içeren kumaşlara göre anlamlı derecede daha düşüktür., In the present study, effect of the dry relaxation operation applied on single jersey, single jersey/lycra (95/5), interlock and interlock/lycra (95/5) fabrics manufactured with various types of yarns in terms of structural characteristics of knitted fabric. Structural characteristics of manufactured fabrics (course and wale density, stitch length and fabric unit weight) were measured for two distinct situations (at the moment the fabric manufactured by the knitting machine and after the dry relaxation process) and results were evaluated. Values obtained measurement process and dimensional parameters were estimated; and these findings were analyzed through one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) in the SPSS statistical software. In conclusion, significant differences were determined with “kc” and “kw” parameters of all fabric types at the times of exiting from the machine and of dry relaxation process. “kc” and “kw” parameters of non-Lycra fabrics were determined significantly lower than the fabrics with lycra.