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Objective: To analyze risky eating behaviors in relation to nutritional status and physical activity in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in the communes of Chillán and Chillán Viejo. Methods: Observational and cross-sectional design. A sample of 184 young adults of both sexes, who lived in two communes in the Ñuble region (Chile) during the period of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, was obtained. A personal history questionnaire and the SCOFF scale that assesses the risk of eating behavior disorders (EDs) were applied. Results: A 37.16% risk for ED was found (95% CI: 30.23 – 44.63%). The risk of eating behavior disorders was related to the variables: physical activity (p=0.01 bivariate analysis) and nutritional status (p=0.03, adjusted analysis). Conclusion: It was possible to identify a higher proportion than that recorded in the literature and the factors associated with eating disorders were those that were expected to be found.

The objective of this study was to compare with the conventional open approach, the surgical and aesthetic results of endoscopic thyroidectomy via unilateral axillo-breast approach (UABA) with gas insufflation in patients with a unilateral thyroid nodule.Between August 2017 and August 2020, a prospective comparative cohort study was carried out in patients proposed for hemithyroidectomy. The patients were assigned to one type of approach (Open or Endoscopic) in a successive manner. Surgical results and aesthetic satisfaction at hospital discharge and during the 12-month follow-up were evaluated and compared between both groups.A total of 200 patients were included in the study: 100 for the Open approach and 100 for the Endoscopic. The baseline patient characteristics were similar between both groups. Total operative time was longer in the Endoscopic approach, due to the time required for subcutaneous dissection (the hemithyroidectomy time was similar in both groups). There was no significant difference in the frequency of major complications. The length of hospital stay was longer (for 1 day) in the Endoscopic group. The aesthetic satisfaction of the patients was significantly higher in the Endoscopic than in the Open group (p 0.001), at hospital discharge and at 12-month follow-up.UABA with gas insufflation for hemithyroidectomy represents a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of unilateral benign thyroid pathologies.

El impacto de la COVID-19 en la forma de consumir arte ha supuesto cambios de comportamiento hacia modelos más responsables y sostenibles. El arte sigue siendo parte fundamental de la vida de las personas, e influye de manera relevante en la calidad de vida, tanto en el entorno educativo como en el laboral. Durante el confinamiento, las personas que han podido consumir arte lo han hecho según necesidades y contextos diferentes. No obstante, el arte, más allá de sus beneficios sociales, tiene una implicación directa tanto en la sostenibilidad como en el mundo de la empresa. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer el consumo de arte durante la pandemia y su relación con la responsabilidad social y empresarial. El enfoque metodológico es cuantitativo y se fundamentó en un cuestionario ad hoc en el que participaron un total de 308 personas, De los resultados se desprende que a través del consumo de arte se pueden generar comportamientos responsables en las empresas. Además, se pone de manifiesto la relación que se establece entre arte y éxito empresarial, así como la implicación y responsabilidad en la sostenibilidad.

This study aimed to assess, for the first time, how self-reported sleep, mental toughness, and reaction time are impacted by a professional padel tournament. In addition, we evaluated whether sex, age, and/or ranking play a role in this possible effect of a tournament on these variables. Twenty-three professional players (15 men, Mage = 24 ± 6 years; eight women, Mage = 21 ± 5 years) were evaluated on two occasions: (a) baseline, in a noncompetitive week and (b) postmeasure, the morning after an individual was eliminated from the tournament. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Mental Toughness Questionnaire, and the psychomotor vigilance task were used to evaluate the dependent variables. Wilcoxon tests or paired samples t tests were employed to assess the effect of participating in the tournament. To test correlations between variables, Pearson correlation coefficients (quantitative variables) or chi-square distributions (qualitative variables) were employed. Results showed that self-reported sleep (p < .01), mental toughness (p = .01), and reaction time (p = .04) were significantly impaired by the tournament. Exploring moderating variables, results showed that mental toughness did not correlate with sleep impairments (p > .05). In contrast, a nearly significant correlation between sleep impairments and higher reaction times was found (p = .066). No significant effects of age, sex, and ranking were observed. In conclusion, participating in a padel competition impairs the self-reported sleep, mental toughness, and reaction time of professional padel players. A trend toward a significant correlation between the competition-related impairment in sleep and reaction time was observed, whereas age, ranking, and sex were not found to be moderators of any of these impairments.

Miniaturized magnetic-based pipette tip microextraction is presented as a sample preparation approach for microsamples of serum and urine from newborns.

We apply the averaging method of first order to study the maximum number of limit cycles of the ordinary differential systems of the form ¨x + x = ε (f1(x, y)y + f2 (x, y)) , ¨y + y = ε (g1(x, y)x + g2 (x, y)) , where f1(x, y) and g1(x, y) are real cubic polynomials; f2(x, y) and g2(x, y) are real quadratic polynomials. Furthermore ε is a small parameter.

La investigación en el ámbito de viveros forestales se ha enfocado en la producción de planta de calidad con sistemas de riego y fertirriego eficientes y sustratos alternativos que se han implementado para mitigar impactos ambientales. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivos diseñar un prototipo de sistema de fertirriego por subirrigación para la producción de 600 plantas de tres especies forestales en vivero y cuantificar la cantidad de agua y fertilizante soluble utilizado durante la producción. Este método se comparó con fertirriego mediante regadera. Al final del periodo de producción se evaluó la morfología de la planta obtenida. Para la construcción del prototipo, se excavaron cuatro zanjas en el suelo del vivero de dimensiones 0.30×0.30×3.0 m. Se estimó la cantidad de agua y fertilizante utilizado en ambos sistemas. En el fertirriego con regadera, se utilizaron 8 960 l de agua, 219 % mayor que en subirrigación, en el cual se requirieron 2 808 l. Empero, la cantidad de fertilizante soluble utilizado en regadera fue de 4 779.4 g, mientras que en el sistema alterno se emplearon 5 347.6 g. El desperdicio de la solución nutritiva con el uso de regadera fue directamente al suelo y en el prototipo de sistema, se recuperó y reutilizó para fertirriego de árboles frutales.

A graphene oxide/nickel/platinum nanoparticle micromotor (MM)-based fluorescent aptassay is proposed to determine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum samples from low-birth-weight infants (gestational age of less than 32 weeks and birthweight below 1000 g) with sepsis suspicion. In this kind of patients, IL-6 has demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of sepsis, both for early and late onset sepsis. The approach was based on the adsorption of the aptamer for IL-6 tagged with 6-FAM as a fluorescent label (Apt

Experts have highlighted the importance of coaches knowing the level of mental fatigue (MF) induced by different tasks. This study aimed to compare the mentally fatiguing nature of cognitive, physical, and combined tasks and, additionally, assess the effect of different moderating variables on MF. Twenty-three physically active (16 males: Mage = 24 years; seven females: Mage = 22.57 years) participants performed three experimental sessions: (a) physically fatiguing: 30 min of cycloergometer work (at 65%–75% of maximum heart rate), (b) mentally fatiguing: 30 min of an incongruent Stroop task, and (c) mixed fatiguing: 30 min of combining the physically and mentally fatiguing protocols. Subjective MF (visual analog scale), reaction time (psychomotor vigilance task), and cognitive performance (Stroop) were measured throughout the different protocols. Results showed significant increments in subjective MF after all tasks, with the mental and mixed protocols showing significantly higher increases. Only the mentally fatiguing protocol caused significant impairments in reaction time. No significant effects of sex, years of experience, or degree of mental toughness were observed. These results suggest that the use of all these tasks, and especially the mentally fatiguing exercises, should be avoided immediately prior to competitions due to the negative consequences of MF on performance. Moreover, this effect seems to be independent of the sex, years of experience, or mental toughness of athletes.

El entorno educativo se establece como el contexto donde el alumnado, independientemente de su género, tenga equidad de oportunidades ante la práctica deportiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el impacto de una unidad didáctica (UD) en Educación Física (EF) de Ultimate Frisbee a través del Modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED) en variables psicosociales del alumnado de bachillerato, así como examinar las posibles diferencias en función del género. Se desarrolló un diseño cuasi-experimental pre-post con un único grupo experimental. La intervención tuvo una duración de 9 clases de 2 horas de duración cada una. Los participantes (n = 85; 47 chicos y 38 chicas; Medad = 16.72, DT = 0.75) pertenecían a un centro de Educación Secundaria. Se midieron las variables de percepción de desigualdad y diferencia de género, satisfacción y frustración de la necesidad de novedad, motivación intrínseca, desmotivación, así como la implicación conductual y emocional. Se apreciaron valores significativamente inferiores en la percepción de desigualdad y diferencia de género, frustración de la necesidad de novedad y desmotivación, así como significativamente superiores en satisfacción de la novedad e implicación conductual y emocional. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre chicos y chicas en la percepción de desigualdad y diferencia de género. El presente estudio sugiere que este modelo pedagógico podría ser de utilidad como estrategia para favorecer un entorno educativo inclusivo, en equidad de condiciones entre el alumnado y que las chicas puedan sentirse en un ambiente donde puedan potenciar sus habilidades y cambien su percepción hacia la EF. Abstract. The educational environment is established as the context where students, regardless of their gender, have equal opportunities to practice sport. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of a didactic unit in Physical Education (PE) of Ultimate Frisbee through the Sports Education Model (SEM) on psychosocial variables of high school students, as well as to examine possible differences according to gender. A quasi-experimental pre-post design was developed with a single experimental group. The intervention lasted 9 classes of 2 hours each. The participants (n = 85; 47 boys and 38 girls; Mage = 16.72, SD = 0.75) belonged to a secondary school. The variables of perceived inequality and gender difference, satisfaction and frustration of the need for novelty, intrinsic motivation, demotivation, as well as behavioural and emotional involvement were measured. Significantly lower values were found for perceived inequality and gender difference, frustration of the need for novelty and demotivation, and significantly higher values for satisfaction of novelty and behavioural and emotional involvement. In addition, significant differences were found between boys and girls in perceptions of inequality and gender difference. This study suggests that this pedagogical model could be useful as a strategy to promote an inclusive educational environment, with equal conditions among students, and that girls can feel in an environment where they can enhance their skills and change their perception of PE.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar los factores más determinantes en el fútbol profesional que hacen posible una mejora en el rendimiento del equipo al finalizar la temporada. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 28 jugadores/as profesionales de fútbol (15 hombres y 13 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 27-41 años (M = 33.07, DT = 3.32). Todos ellos tenían experiencia profesional en la primera y segunda división española. El análisis temático de los datos se completó de manera deductiva e inductiva. Los resultados mostraron la complejidad existente dentro de un club de fútbol, con una notable importancia sobre la cohesión de equipo y sobre la figura del entrenador y cuerpo técnico para la mejora colectiva en ambos géneros. En cuanto al género, las jugadoras le dieron más importancia al staff técnico y los jugadores al tener en el equipo a deportistas con una buena calidad técnico-táctica. La relevancia de estos hallazgos radica en el conocimiento de los factores e interacciones potenciadoras y limitantes del rendimiento percibido por los jugadores/as en el fútbol profesional, así como las diferencias entre géneros. Este conocimiento podría ayudar a mejorar la gestión de grupos deportivos para potenciar el rendimiento de los equipos. Abstract. The aim of this study was identify the most determining factors in professional football that make possible an improvement in team performance at the end of the season. Structured interviews were conducted with 28 professional soccer players (15 men and 13 women), aged 27-41 years (M = 33.07, SD = 3.32). All of them had professional experience in the first and second Spanish leagues. The thematic analysis of the data was completed deductively and inductively. The results showed the existing complexity within a soccer club, with notable importance on team cohesion and the figure of the coach and coaching staff for collective improvement in both genders. Regarding gender, female players provided more importance to the technical staff, whereas male players increased their value for having technical and tactical skilled teammates within the squad. The relevance of these findings lies in the knowledge of factors and interactions that enhance and limit performance perceived by players in professional football and the differences between genders. This knowledge could help improve the management of a sports group and the training planning, to enhance the teams' performance.

National Reports and Integrative Analytical Report on LGBTIQ+ children in vulnerable contexts. National Report – Bulgaria National Report – Hungary National Report – Italia National Report – Lithuania National Report – Portugal National Report – Spain Integrative Analytical Report This project was funded by the European Union’s Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values Programme (CERV) (2021-2027) under agreement No 101049251

During the second half of 1896, taking advantage of the cruelty of the insurrection of the Revolutionary forces in the district of Cuba, the Philippine Revolutionary society called Katipunan, which had been founded in July 1892 to promote the insurgency against Spanish sovereignty, took up arms in a truly disturbing way on the island of Luzon. After several violent incidents, the situation became extremely worrying and the Spanish government finally listened to the request made by the Governor General of the district to send troops from the Peninsula. Thus, in record time, fifteen expeditionary light infantry battalions were created by the Spanish Army in addition to other small artillery and cavalry expeditionary units for their military deployment in the Philippine archipelago to put down this new and violent insurrection up.

YMnO3 is a P-type semiconductor with a perovskite-type structure (ABO3). It presents two crystalline systems: rhombohedral and hexagonal, the latter being the most stable and studied. In the hexagonal system, Mn3+ ions are coordinated by five oxygen ions forming a trigonal bipyramid, and the Y3+ ions are coordinated by five oxygen ions. This arrangement favors its ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, which have been widely studied since 1963. However, applications based on their optical properties have yet to be explored. This work evaluates the photoelectric response and the photocatalytic activity of yttrium manganite in visible spectrum wavelengths. To conduct this, a rod-obelisk-shaped yttrium manganite with a reduced indirect bandgap value of 1.43 eV in its hexagonal phase was synthesized through the precipitation method. The synthesized yttrium manganite was elucidated by solid-state techniques, such as DRX, XPS, and UV-vis. It was non-toxic as shown by the 100% leukocyte viability of mice BALB/c.

Swietenia humilis es una especie tropical de madera preciosa amenazada por la fragmentación de su hábitat debido a deforestación y cambios en el uso del suelo. Por lo tanto, es esencial caracterizar el germoplasma de las poblaciones naturales para definir estrategias de conservación, propagación y reforestación. Se analizaron características morfométricas y reproductivas de frutos, así como la viabilidad y capacidad germinativa de semillas de S. humilis de seis sitios en el estado de Guerrero, México: Zacapalco, Buenavista, Santa Fe Tepetlapa, Cieneguillas, Tuxpan y Arcelia. En cada sitio, se caracterizó el tamaño y peso de frutos y semillas, el número y proporción de semillas desarrolladas y no desarrolladas, la viabilidad y la capacidad germinativa. Para cada variable se hizo un análisis de varianza no paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis y una comparación de medias. Las características de los frutos y semillas variaron entre los sitios evaluados. Cieneguillas presentó menor tamaño de frutos, peso y número de semillas. Tuxpan registró la mayor cantidad de semillas, pero una proporción alta fueron no desarrolladas. Para Santa Fe se obtuvo la mayor cantidad de semillas desarrolladas, aunque las más pesadas, viables, vigorosas y con mayor capacidad germinativa fueron las de Zacapalco. Los árboles de S. humilis de los rodales naturales analizados en el estado de Guerrero producen frutos y semillas que difieren en sus características morfométricas y reproductivas, así como en su capacidad germinativa.

Background Prior research has established some risk factors for an increased risk of severe disease and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the impact of HIV infection on SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity is a significant gap in the literature. In the same way, not many studies across the globe have analyzed the degree of vaccination willingness among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and considerations regarding prioritizing this population during vaccination plans, particularly in developing countries. Methods A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Self-completed electronic surveys directed to PLWHA were performed via Twitter in February 2021, using accounts of HIV activists. Results 460 (87.1%) participants were willing to be vaccinated with any COVID-19 vaccine. The reasons for that were listed as 1) the belief that vaccination prevents both the COVID-19 infection (81.3%) as well as being a spreader (52.2%); 2) having a high occupational risk of becoming infected with COVID-19 (22%); and 3) the belief that they would be at high risk of death because of COVID-19 (21.3%). Only 56 (10.6%) participants expressed hesitancy toward vaccination, and 12 (2.2%) stated they did not want to get vaccinated. Conclusions Our results may support the prioritization of people living with HIV during the implementation of vaccination plans in developing countries. New strategies should be adopted to overcome the hesitancy and unwillingness toward the COVID-19 vaccination, especially in populations with risk factors for severe disease.

Prussian Blue (PB)/chitosan enzyme mimetic tubular micromotors are used here for

The choice of nursery practices is important to the production of high-quality seedlings and to increase the survival rates of reforestation plantations in the dry tropics. However, adequate practices need to be established for native species for which propagation information is scarce. This study suggests that light management in nurseries is a key cultivation practice for future planting success, because of the morpho-physiological changes that plants usually undergo in different light conditions. We examined variations in the morphology, photosynthesis efficiency and growth of Pithecellobium dulce plants produced under four levels of light in nursery conditions (20%, 40%, 60%, and 100% of photosynthetically active radiation [PAR]). We also assessed survival after planting out according to the light conditions under which the plants were grown. Morpho-physiological variables were examined in three-month-old plants. A plantation was established in the field using the nursery-grown plants, and their survival was recorded monthly for 17 months. In the nursery, the light levels had significant effects on morphology, photosynthesis efficiency and growth. The 60% PAR level was favourable to optimum results for most of the variables, whereas the least successful results were found in plants grown at 20% PAR. Seedling survival in the field differed significantly according to the nursery light level, increasing with greater light intensity in the nursery during seedling production. 100% survival was observed in seedlings produced under 100% PAR, whereas the lowest survival rate (53%) was found in seedlings grown under 20% PAR. Light management thus shows potential as a cultivation practice by affecting the quality of P. dulce seedlings, which is improved in the nursery at 60% PAR. However, better survival after planting out is obtained with plants produced under full sun. These results should help to improve nursery management and establishment in the field of P. dulce in projects to restore degraded lands in the dry tropics.

Con las elecciones en 2022 de Gustavo Petro en Colombia y Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva en Brasil, de pronto se ha propagado el análisis sobre el retorno de la marea rosa a América Latina. Este artículo argumenta que se observa más bien en la región un ciclo de las oposiciones, con la alternancia de gobiernos de colores distintos desde el fin en los años 2010 del giro a la izquierda. Para fundamentar ese punto, se presentan datos sobre las alternancias y las dificultades de los/as presidentes en mantener una tasa de aprobación superior a la de desaprobación desde un principio. El análisis muestra que percepciones negativas sobre la situación económica actual del país y la capacidad para combatir la pandemia de Covid-19 son los factores que pesan más en la evaluación gubernamental. La polarización política y la exposición a redes sociales también cobran su precio, pues hay evidencias de que el alineamiento ideológico condiciona la opinión y de que usuarios de redes sociales son más críticos al gobierno. Todo lo descrito apunta para que, sea cual sea el color ideológico del gobernante, habrá dificultades para mantenerse como tal.

In this study, the effects of an external resistance, new electrode material, and non-conventional catholyte on the energy generation and performance of a dual-chamber MFC were evaluated. Ten different resistances (15 Ω–220 kΩ), hydrophilically-treated graphene and graphite electrodes, and a 0.1 M HCl solution as a catholyte were assessed. The results showed that greater energy generation and power density were achieved at an external resistance of 2 kΩ and internal resistance between 2 and 5 kΩ on average; meanwhile, the greatest coulombic efficiency was obtained at the lowest external resistance evaluated (15 Ω). Therefore, it is recommended to operate the MFCs at the external resistance between 2 and 5 kΩ to ensure the maximum power generation of the dual chamber MFCs. Regarding the two electrode materials evaluated as an anode and cathode, hydrophilically-treated graphene was found to be a much better material to enhance the energy production and performance of the MFC system; therefore, its use is suggested in experimental and practical applications. On the other hand, the use of HCl as a catholyte enhanced the performance of MFC (constant and steady potential and greater coulombic efficiency) in most cases.

Background: Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is one of the most important challenges in the context of renal transplantation, because the binding of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) to the kidney graft triggers the activation of the complement, which in turn leads to loss of transplant. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association between complement-fixing dnDSA antibodies and graft loss as well as the possible association between non-complement-fixing antibodies and transplanted organ survival in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: Our study included a cohort of 245 transplant patients over a 5-year period at Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital (HUVN) in Granada, Spain. Results: dnDSA was observed in 26 patients. Of these patients, 17 had non-complement-fixing dnDSA and 9 had complement-fixing dnDSA. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a significant association between the frequency of rejection and renal graft loss and the presence of C1q-binding dnDSA. Our results show the importance of the individualization of dnDSA, classifying them according to their ability to activate the complement, and suggest that the detection of complement-binding capacity by dnDSA could be used as a prognostic marker to predict AMR outcome and graft survival in kidney transplant patients who develop dnDSA.

Las estacas de árboles jóvenes de pino presentan bajas tasas de enraizamiento, lo que dificulta su clonación; sin embargo, la fertilización y podas programadas promueven la producción de estacas juveniles. La aplicación exógena de auxinas favorece la formación de raíces. En este trabajo se analiza el efecto del manejo nutrimental de los árboles donadores, de cuatro años de edad, del híbrido Pinus elliottii var. elliottii × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis y del ácido indolbutírico (AIB) en el enraizamiento de estacas. En un diseño de bloques completos con arreglo factorial, se evaluó la aplicación de cinco nutrimentos o mezclas de ellos a los árboles. Los tratamientos y dosis por árbol fueron: testigo, nitrógeno (80 g), fósforo (20 g), magnesio (10 g) y nitrógeno/fósforo (80/20 g). Además, se probaron dos dosis de AIB (0 y 3 000 ppm) para el enraizamiento. La supervivencia de estacas, el porcentaje de enraizamiento y la morfología de raíces, se registraron después de 90 días. El manejo nutrimental y el AIB mejoraron tanto la morfología de raíces primarias y secundarias, como el enraizamiento de estacas en más de 30 %, respecto a sus testigos. Lo anterior permitió una mayor supervivencia de estacas durante la formación de raíces. Con el tratamiento de N+P se obtuvo la mejor respuesta, superior a 60 %, en todas las variables evaluadas. La clonación de árboles jóvenes del híbrido, por el enraizamiento de estacas, es posible con el apoyo de un programa de fertilización, aplicado como parte del manejo del árbol donador y el uso de AIB.

First electrochemical bioplatforms described for the single and simultaneous determination of two immunoglobulin (Ig) subtypes, IgE and IgG4 specific to ovalbumin (OVA), considered as reliable markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of egg allergy.

The SARS-CoV-2 disease presents different phenotypes of severity. Comorbidities, age, and being overweight are well established risk factors for severe disease. However, innate immunity plays a key role in the early control of viral infections and may condition the gravity of COVID-19. Natural Killer (NK) cells are part of innate immunity and are important in the control of virus infection by killing infected cells and participating in the development of adaptive immunity. Therefore, we studied the short tandem repeat (STR) transmembrane polymorphisms of the major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A (MICA), an NKG2D ligand that induces activation of NK cells, among other cells. We compared the alleles and genotypes of MICA in COVID-19 patients versus healthy controls and analyzed their relation to disease severity. Our results indicate that the MICA*A9 allele is related to infection as well as to symptomatic disease but not to severe disease. The MICA*A9 allele may be a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptomatic disease., Instituto de Salud Carlos III - FEDER funds (European Union) PI 16/00752 B-CTS-410-UGR-20, Junta de Andalucia CTS-143 C-0013-2018

The present study examined the effects of stressful constraints during soccer trainings on psychological skill development and internal load when compared with control (nonstressful) trainings. A total of 51 elite male youth soccer players (27 in the experimental group, M = 16.54 years; 24 in the control group, M = 15.44 years) participated in the study. In a 12-week longitudinal survey, team resilience, using the Spanish version of the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Teams Inventory, and anxiety, using the Sport Anxiety Scale, were measured at baseline (after 4 weeks of regular trainings), postprotocol (after 4 weeks of control or experimental trainings), and follow-up (after 4 weeks of regular trainings). Results show that, when compared with the control group, a program with stressful constraints helped young soccer players to develop better psychological skills: specifically, increased ability to cope with impairments in resilience (both resilience characteristics and team vulnerability under pressure; p < 0.001). Increases in anxiety (p = 0.06) and decreases in preoccupation (p < 0.001) and lack of concentration (p < 0.001) were also observed. The adaptation of human behavior to specific trainings may explain these results. In conclusion, the regular exposure of young soccer players to stressful situations during trainings shows benefits for their psychological skill development in soccer. Then, benefits on internal load were also observed.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia among adults worldwide. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered the germline genetic component underlying CLL susceptibility, the potential use of GWAS-identified risk variants to predict disease progression and patient survival remains unexplored. Here, we evaluated whether 41 GWAS-identified risk variants for CLL could influence overall survival (OS) and disease progression, defined as time to first treatment (TTFT) in a cohort of 1039 CLL cases ascertained through the CRuCIAL consortium. Although this is the largest study assessing the effect of GWAS-identified susceptibility variants for CLL on OS, we only found a weak association of ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with OS (p < 0.05) that did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. In line with these results, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) built with these SNPs in the CRuCIAL cohort showed a modest association with OS and a low capacity to predict patient survival, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.57. Similarly, seven SNPs were associated with TTFT (p < 0.05); however, these did not reach the multiple testing significance threshold, and the meta-analysis with previous published data did not confirm any of the associations. As expected, PRSs built with these SNPs showed reduced accuracy in prediction of disease progression (AUROC = 0.62). These results suggest that susceptibility variants for CLL do not impact overall survival and disease progression in CLL patients, Horizon 2020 856620, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish Government, Marie Curie Actions PI17/02256 PI20/01845, Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades y FEDER PY20/01282, United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) P50 CA97274 R01 CA92153

Mental load and fatigue are important causes of performance decreases and accidents in different activities. However, a robust systematic review, detailing the instruments used to quantify them, is currently lacking. The purpose of this study was to summarize and classify by derivations the validated instruments used to quantify mental load and fatigue. The most representative electronic databases in the scope of this review, PubMed, WOS, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO (until September 2020) were searched for studies that included instruments to analyze mental load and fatigue. The quality of the selected studies was scored using a quality assessment checklist. A total of 40 papers were included. Most of the papers used subjective scales (75%) to quantify mental load and fatigue, with a small presence of behavioral (n = 5) and objective techniques (n = 5). Less is known about the analysis of mental load and fatigue using a combination of derivations. Despite the high cost and complexity of objective techniques, research that applies these measures is important for further analysis of brain processes in mental load and fatigue. The design of a battery of tests that include the three types of derivations also seems necessary.

Organ on-a-chip (OoC) is a promising technology that aims to recapitulate human body pathophysiology in a more precise way to advance in drug development and complex disease understanding. However, the presence of OoC in biological laboratories is still limited and mainly restricted to laboratories with access to cleanroom facilities. Besides, the current analytical methods employed to extract information from the organ models are endpoint and

A group of 50 people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) as well as diverse sexualities and gender identities in Madrid participated in a feminist community-based project, which supported them through the first wave of the pandemic. Facilitated by professionals, the project offered online meetings twice a month, helping them to articulate their needs and promote their agency over their choices and experiences. Based on their demands, participants chose the topics they wanted to discuss, proposed activities, and were the center of the program, while facilitators set up and maintained the online space, helping with participation and access to information and resources. Through this transformative experience, the members of the group developed friendship networks and started their activism, making public appearances in video campaigns and mainstream newspapers to make their needs visible to peers, families, social workers, policy makers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This research is part of a larger project that tackles the psychosocial factors that affected Spanish people with sexual and gender diversity during the first wave of the pandemic.

Two-drug regimens (2DRs) are emerging in clinical practice guidelines as treatment option for both naive and treatment-experienced people living with HIV (PLHIV). Objectives: To determine the real-life effectiveness of 2DR with 25 mg RPV plus 50 mg DTG in a single-tablet regimen (RPV/DTGSTR) and its impact on viral and immune status, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers. Methods: This observational study included 291 treatment-experienced PLHIV, starting 2DR with RPV/DTGSTR between 29 January 2019 and 2 February 2022, who were followed up for at least six months. Participants gave verbal informed consent for the switch in antiretroviral therapy (ART) to RPV/DTGSTR. Results: The mean age of the 291 participants was 51.3 years; 77.7% were male; and 42.9% were in the AIDS stage with a CD4 nadir of 283.5 ± 204.6 cells/uL. The median time since HIV diagnosis was 19.7 years (IQR: 10.6–27). Before 2DR, patients received a median of five ART lines (IQR: 3–7) for 22.2 years (IQR: 14–26), with 34.4% (n = 100) receiving a three-drug regimen (3DR), 31.3% (n = 91) receiving monotherapy, and 34.4% (n = 100) receiving 2DR. The median time on RPV/DTGSTR was 14 months (IQR: 9.5–21); 1.4% were lost to the follow-up. Effectiveness was 96.2% by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, 97.5% by modified ITT, and 99.3% by per-protocol analysis. Virological failure was observed in 0.69%, blips in 3.5%, and switch to another ART in 1.4%. The mean lipid profile improved, with reductions in TC/HDLc ratio (3.9 ± 0.9 vs. 3.6 ± 0.9; p = 0.0001), LDLc (118.3 ± 32.2 mg/dL vs. 106.2 ± 29.8 mg/dL, p = 0.0001), TG (130.9 ± 73.9 mg/dL vs. 115.9 ± 68.5 mg/dL, p = 0.0001), and CD4/CD8 ratio increase (0.99 ± 0.58 vs. 1.01 ± 0.54; p = 0.0001). The cost-effectiveness of 2DR with RPV/DTGSTR was similar to that of DTG/3TC and superior to those of BIC/TAF/FTC and DRV/c/TAF/FTC, with higher virological suppression and lower annual costs. Conclusions: The switch to RPV plus DTG in STR is a cost-effective, long-lasting, and robust strategy for PLHIV, with a very long experience of treatment, which improves the lipid profile without affecting inflammatory markers.

Being some of the most efficient agents to individually solubilize single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), bile salt surfactants (BSS) represent the foundation for the surfactant-based structure sorting and spectroscopic characterization of SWCNTs. In this work, we investigate three BSS in their ability to separate different SWCNT chiral structures by aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE): sodium deoxycholate (DOC), sodium cholate (SC) and sodium chenodeoxycholate (CDOC). The small difference in their chemical structure (just one hydroxyl group) leads to significant differences in their stacking behavior on SWCNT walls with different diameter and chiral structure that, in turn, has direct consequences for the chiral sorting of SWCNTs using these BSS. By performing several series of systematic ATPE experiments, we reveal that, in general, the stacking of DOC and CDOC is more enantioselective than the stacking of SC on the SWCNT walls, while SC has a clear diameter preference for efficiently solubilizing the SWCNTs in comparison to DOC and CDOC. Moreover, combining sodium dodecylsulfate with SC allows for resolving the ATPE sorting transitions of empty and water-filled SWCNTs for a number of SWCNT chiralities. We also show that addition of SC to combinations of DOC and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate can enhance separations of particular chiralities.

Introduction The thermal (Jeans) escape of Hydrogen accumulated during the history of Mars has been one of the major mechanisms explaining the transition of Mars from a thicker and wetter atmosphere in the past to the current thin and dry atmosphere (Brain et al., 2017). Recent observations (Heavens et al., 2018, Chaffin et al., 2021) have revealed a clear link between the water cycle in the lower atmosphere, the transport of water to the middle/upper atmosphere, and the thermal escape of Hydrogen. However, many unknowns remain, including the role of the different processes responsible of transporting water from the lower to the upper atmosphere and converting it to Hydrogen atoms, or the effects of global dust storms (GDS hereafter) compared to the regular seasonal variability. While different 1D models have been used to reproduce and understand some of the observations (e.g. Chaffin et al., 2017), until now global models have failed to reproduce the observed variability of the H escape. In particular, a recent study with the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Mars Global Climate Model (LMD-MGCM hereafter) evidences that the model significantly underestimates the H escape rate when comparing with Mars Express SPICAM observations, in particular during the perihelion season (Chaufray et al., 2021). In this work we will summarize the recent improvements that we have included in the LMD-MGCM in order to better reproduce the observed Hydrogen escape rate, and will discuss some of the results obtained with the improved model. Model description We have included three improvements with respect to the version of the LMD-MGCM used in Chaufray et al., 2021. First, we have incorporated in the simulations a sophisticated model of the microphysics of water ice clouds allowing for the formation of supersaturated water layers (Navarro et al., 2014). Second, we have extended the photochemical model in the LMD-MGCM to incorporate the chemistry of H2O+ and derived ions, as well as of deuterated (both neutral and ion) species. Third, we have also included in the calculations an improved model of deuterium fractionation (Vals et al., 2022). While this allows us to study the D escape, we will focus here only on the H escape; simulations of the deuterium escape are discussed in Chaufray et al. (this issue). Preliminary results The incorporation in the calculations of the microphysical model allowing for the formation of supersaturated water layers significantly increases the amount of water in the upper atmosphere of the planet with respect to the previous calculations, producing a strong enhancement of up to one order of magnitude in the H escape rate. The incorporation of the chemistry of water-derived ions further increases the escape rate in between ~20 and ~40%, depending on the season. This results in a better agreement with observations of H escape (figure 1). However, significant differences still remain. In particular, the decrease in the rate of H escape at the end of the year is not well captured by the model, suggesting that, in the model, water remains in the upper atmosphere longer than observed. We study also the interannual variability of the simulated escape rate. While the solar activity seems to play a secondary role, dust storms in the lower atmosphere have a clear effect over the H escape rate. Our simulations show, for example, that the global dust storm in MY34 increased the annually integrated H escape rate in about 30%. This confirms the importance of taking into account the effects of GDSs when calculating the accumulated escape rate over Martian history. This work opens the doors to studying the H escape rate at past Mars conditions characterized by different orbital parameters (e.g. obliquity, time of perihelion, etc.). See Gilli et al., this issue, for a first study in this direction. Figure 1. H escape rate simulated for MY28 (light green line) and MY33 (orange line). The black thin line shows the escape rate for MY28 simulated with the previous model version, taken from Chaufray et al. (2021). The green and red symbols represent measured values of the H escape rate during MY28 and MY33, respectively, taken from Chaffin et al. (2014) and Heavens et al. (2018) Acknowledgements F.G-G. and G.G. are funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación and EC FEDER funds under project RTI2018-100920-J-I00. AB and MALV were supported by grant PGC2018-101836-B-100 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, EU). The IAA team acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the Center of Excellence “Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) References Brain, D., et al., (2017), Solar Wind Interaction and Atmospheric Escape. Chapter 15 in “The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars”, Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/9781139060172.015 Chaffin, M., et al. (2021), Martian water loss to space enhanced by regional dust storms, Nat. Astron. doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01425-w Chaufray, J.-Y., et al. (2021), Study of the hydrogen escape rate at Mars during martian years 28 and 29 from comparisons between SPICAM/Mars express observations and GCM-LMD simulations. Icarus, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113498 Heavens, N., et al. (2018). Hydrogen escape from Mars enhanced by deep convection in dust storms. Nat. Astron., doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0353-4 Navarro, T., et al. (2014), Global climate modeling of the Martian water cycle with improved microphysics andadiatively active water ice clouds. JGR (Planets), doi.org:10.1002/2013JE004550 Vals, M., et al. (2022), Improved modeling of Mars' HDO cycle using a Mars' Global Climate Model. Paper submitted to JGR-Planets.

The Martian mesosphere, and in particular the upper mesosphere, above about 80 km from the surface, remains poorly explored in comparison with the troposphere and the thermosphere/ionosphere. Observations by the NOMAD and ACS instruments on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter mission (TGO in what follows) are starting to fill this gap by providing measurements such as the abundance of mesospheric water and the effects of global dust storms (Vandaele et al., 2019; Belyaev et al., 2021; Brines et al., 2022), the CO variability (Modak et al., 2022) or the temperature and density structure (López-Valverde et al., 2022). For the first time we have a set of diverse atmospheric parameters derived simultaneously with good vertical resolution and from a single instrument, which is ideal for model validation purposes.In this work, we will compare the predictions of the LMD-Mars GCM (LMD-MGCM) in the mesosphere with the NOMAD results (abundances of CO2, CO, and H2O, as well as temperature) obtained by the retrieval scheme developed at the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-CSIC (IAA), in order to validate the model and to gain insight into the physical processes at the origin of the observed structures. In particular, we will focus on the comparison of the CO2 density and temperature structure observed below ~120 km (López-Valverde et al., 2022) during the second half of Mars Year 34, a period including the MY34 global dust storm. We will show that the model reproduces well the strong seasonal variations of the CO2 density observed by NOMAD. However, the model tends to overestimate the temperatures above ~50 km.AcknowledgmentsF.G-G. is funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación and EC FEDER funds under project RTI2018-100920-J-I00. MALV, AB, AM, and AS were supported by grant PGC2018-101836-B-100 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, EU). The IAA team acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709)

Poster for the SEA 2022 meeting describing the comparison between ExoMars NOMAD solar occultation observations retrieved at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía and the predictions of a ground-to-exobase Global Climate Model. The temperature structure and the abundances of CO2, CO, and H2O in the mesosphere (up to ~100 km) are compared., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, and by the UE FEDER funds under grants RTI2018-100920-J-I00 and PGC2018-101836-BI00. The IAA/CSIC team acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the 'Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709)

Bicuspid aortopathy occurs in approximately 50% of patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most prevalent congenital cardiac malformation. Although different molecular players and etiological factors (genetic and hemodynamic) have been suggested to be involved in aortopathy predisposition and progression, clear etiophysiopathological mechanisms of disease are still missing. The isogenic (genetically uniform) hamster (T) strain shows 40% incidence of BAV, but aortic dilatations have not been detected in this model. We have performed comparative anatomical, histological and molecular analyses of the ascending aorta of animals with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and BAV from the T strain (TTAV and TBAV, respectively) and with TAV from a control strain (HTAV). Aortic diameter, smooth muscle apoptosis, elastic waviness, and Tgf-β and Fbn-2 expression were significantly increased in T strain animals, regardless of the valve morphology. Strain and aortic valve morphology did not affect Mmp-9 expression, whereas Mmp-2 transcripts were reduced in BAV animals. eNOS protein amount decreased in both TBAV and TTAV compared to HTAV animals. Thus, histomorphological and molecular alterations of the ascending aorta appear in a genetically uniform spontaneous hamster model irrespective of the aortic valve morphology. This is a direct experimental evidence supporting the genetic association between BAV and aortic dilatation. This model may represent a population of patients with predisposition to BAV aortopathy, in which increased expression of Tgf-β and Fbn-2 alters elastic lamellae structure and induces cell apoptosis mediated by eNOS. Patients either with TAV or BAV with the same genetic defect may show the same risk to develop bicuspid aortopathy. This work was supported by Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía (PI-0530-2019), Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento, Junta de Andalucía (UMA20-FEDERJA-041), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grants CGL2017-85090- P and PT20/00101, fellowship PRE2018-083176 to MS-N), and FEDER funds. Sí

The aim of this study was to analyze the training load of the different tasks of a professional basketball team, based on the tasks and player positions. A total of 10 professional basketball players participated (Mage = 23.70; SD = 2.26) who carried out three different training tasks for four weeks: situation in the middle court (MC); situation in the middle court followed by a counterattack in the opposite court (FB); half court situation followed by two full court counterattack situations (CB). GPS Polar Team Pro© was used to monitoring the physical load. Internal physical load and external physical load variables were measured. One-way ANOVA was performed to explore the main differences between the different types of tasks and player positions on each of the dependent variables. The results show that FB tasks involve a higher internal load, while CB tasks involve a greater external load. Regarding the type of players, the exteriors reached higher values in the different variables analyzed. Therefore, it has been found that different training tasks imply different physical demands. Specifically, using training tasks that reproduce the dynamics of competition imply an increase in conditional load.

espanolSobre el trasfondo dialectico del problema general de la relacion entre la “cuestion nacional” y la “cuestion social” del marxismo, bajo el titulo “Nacionalismo e izquierda espanola” se problematiza tanto la relacion historica y actual entre las izquierdas y los nacionalismos espanoles (el unitario y los disgregadores), como las soluciones que se aportan para resolver un conflicto con posiciones cada vez mas enconadas e irreconciliables desde el reciente proceso separatista llevado a cabo a traves del Parlamento catalan. En su exposicion se tomara como punto de partida el planteamiento y la solucion al problema de una posicion nitidamente republicanista como la que expone Gonzalo Puente Ojea en su articulo titulado “El conflicto vasco”, de 2001, sometido a analisis y critica. EnglishOn the dialectical background of the general problem of the relationship between the “national question” and the “social question” of Marxism, under the title “The debate between nationalism and republicanism in the irreligious thought of Gonzalo Puente Ojea”, the historical and current relationship between the lefts and the Spanish nationalisms (the unitary and the disintegrators) is both problematized, such as the solutions provided to resolve a conflict with increasingly bitter and irreconcilable positions since the recent separatist process carried out through the Catalan Parliament. His presentation will take as its starting point the approach to and solution to the problem of a clearly republican position such as that set out by Gonzalo Puente Ojea in his article entitled “The Basque conflict”, 2001, subject to analysis and criticism.

OBJECTIVE There is scarce available evidence on the distribution over time of liver complications emergence in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients who achieve sustained virological response (SVR) with direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-based therapy. Therefore, we aimed at describing the kinetics of liver-related events appearance in this setting. DESIGN A multicentric prospective cohort study. METHODS HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients from GEHEP-011 cohort, whose inclusion criteria were had achieved SVR with DAA-based therapy; liver stiffness prior to starting treatment at least 9.5 kPa; and available liver stiffness measurement at SVR. SVR was considered as the baseline time-point. RESULTS One thousand and thirty-five patients were included, 664 (64%) coinfected with HIV. Before DAA-based therapy, 63 (6.1%) individuals showed decompensated cirrhosis. After SVR, 51 (4.9%) patients developed liver complications. Median (Q1-Q3) time to the emergence of hepatic events was hepatic encephalopathy 11 (7-24) months, ascites 14 (6-29) months, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 17 (11-42) months and portal hypertension gastrointestinal bleeding (PHGB) 28 (22-38) months (P = 0.152). We define two profiles of liver complications: those emerging earlier (encephalopathy and ascites) and, those occurring continuously during the follow-up (HCC, PHGB) [median (Q1-Q3) time to emergence 12.7 (6.6-28.2) months vs. 25.4 (12.5-41.53) months, respectively (P = 0.026)]. CONCLUSION The vast majority of HCV-infected patients who develop liver complications after reaching SVR with DAA do it within 3 years after SVR time-point. Specifically, hepatic encephalopathy and ascites do not usually emerge after this period. Conversely, HCC and PHGB may occur in longer term. It is critical to identify patients at risk of developing hepatic events to continue performing surveillance for them.

El fútbol es un mercado universal y creciente que da pie a que numerosos investigadoresy empresas innoven para desarrollar invenciones que permitan mejorarla calidad de los entrenamientos y la competición. Por ello, el objetivo del presentetrabajo es mostrar el desarrollo y proceso de una invención disruptiva que permiteoptimizar el entrenamiento de los porteros en fútbol. El proceso de invención sedividió en cuatro fases marcadas por un comité de expertos inventores que guiaronel proceso. Tras superar los análisis y exámenes marcados por la Universidad deExtremadura y la Oficina Española de Patentes y Marcas, la invención se concediócomo modelo de utilidad con título “Guante de portero a doble cara” con númeroES. Patente Nº. 1248262U. Aunque es necesaria investigación científica que respaldela importancia de la invención y mejore la elección de los materiales porparte de las empresas, todo parece indicar que el guante

This article presents an instrumental study to validate the adaptation of the Evasive Attitudes of Sexual Orientation Scale (EASOS) to Spanish. This instrument has been shown to be useful in detecting the potential lack of awareness about the situation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) people among psychology professionals and its possible relationship to contemporary homonegative attitudes. The 596 heterosexual psychology students who participated were given an adaptation into Spanish (back translation). A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to study the fit to the factorial structure of the original scale (aversive heterosexism, institutional heterosexism, and heterosexual privilege). The internal consistency of the subscales was adequate (.70-.83). The convergent validity showed positive correlations and significant predictive levels between the EASOS and various attitudinal scales and sociodemographic variables. The findings offer evidence that the EASOS is an adequate instrument to evaluate LGBQ-negativity, particularly in the field of psychosocial intervention.